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考点 14 阅读之词义猜测
（解析版）
【命题趋势】
词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察 1-2题。所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要
复习的考点。词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应
的词。只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能
游刃有余！
【重要考向】
一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；
二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；
考向一
识别词义猜测题
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the
project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are
looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D.
Evaluate.
【参考答案】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好
处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项
工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【 词义猜测题型 提分秘籍】
了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式
(1) 代词类猜词题
The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.
The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.
(2) 其他类猜测题
What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?
What does the underlined word X mean?
What can we learn from the underlined sentence?
The underlined word X probably means _______.
考向二
词义猜测题解题方法
【典例】
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo
penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-
started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her
career (职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to
take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer,
she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾
在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons
eventually flew the nest (当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和
儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与
try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【 词义猜测题提 分秘籍】
1. 代词类猜词题做题方法
第一步：优先看划线句
第二步：前指向性
第三步：代词单复数线索
2. 其他类猜词题做题方法
根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等
词根词缀
常见前缀：
表否定 dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等
anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又),
表其他的
sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等
前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性
常见后缀：
-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人)， -ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动
表名词
作；过程)等
表动词 -(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)
有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的
表副词
词之后表示方向)
-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern
表形容
(方向的)， -ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-
词
ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)
后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3) 因果法 —— 根据因果关系
常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that
(4) 并列法 —— 根据并列顺承关系
常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while
(5) 转折法 ——根据转折关系
常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in
contrast, instead of, rather than
【2022年全国乙卷C篇】
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel
safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year
on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’
efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20
billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect
and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为
200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在
maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础
设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of
railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C
项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【2022年1月浙江卷A篇】Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust . It has taken her to every state
in the US except Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a
new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She
has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and
total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to_?
A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
【参考答案】
猜测词义题。根据第一段It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington
and Oregon, she says proudly. 意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛
顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This wanderl
ust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. 遗传自她的父亲
也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were
alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious
natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a
few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were
killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres
of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl
habitat.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
【参考答案】
C词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious naturalresources wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的
“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，
故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思
是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute分配。故选
C。
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter
（29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians
who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a
security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of
emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
【参考答案】
A 词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在
那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳
大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19
percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话
并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，
另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，
有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固
定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】
“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to
communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,”
she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-
verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference. B. Conflict.
C. Balance. D. Connection.
【参考答案】
A 词义猜测题 根据Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals
convey with non-verbal communication. 可知，黑猩猩手势传递的信息的意义，并没有超出其
他动物通过非语言方式传达的含义，因此和人类的语言交流方式还是存在差异。gulf在此
意为“差异”。
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the
continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the
local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello.
It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto
the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A
few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe!
Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't
worry!
【参考答案】
B 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good
skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者
掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，
结合选项，故选B。
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming
up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that
his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to
say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised thatsomething needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself "marketing
director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild
Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
【参考答案】
A 词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词前面的句子“He documented his journey as he
set about treating nature a brand to be marketed to young people” 可 知 其 中 的
“documented”意为“记录”。因此，结合划线词后面的“the birth of the Wild Network
”可知，他的纪录片记录了一个组织的诞生，顾“charts”意为“记录”，故选A。
【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had
pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his
basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that
no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed
them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized
that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A. letting go of the past B. looking for a new job
C. getting rid of a bad habit D. giving up an opportunity
【参考答案】
A词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed
them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized
that we have to learn to leave the past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他
们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去
抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看到他放开了过去，
把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the
meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,
rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the
ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread
in order to better understand your friends.
26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward. C. Allowance. D. Face value.
【参考答案】
B词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金
钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading
an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是
读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem
down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment. It’s them
or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the
late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
【参考答案】
D词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the
market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛
皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这
种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处
于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，
可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaningin my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a
big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or
books they wanted me to read to them.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
【参考答案】
B词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位
母亲，结合下文I had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment.
It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to
read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对
于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选要阅读的书或
者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来
阅读，或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的
乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。故选B。
8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals
lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment,
is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including
"Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of
activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.
26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.
C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.
【参考答案】
D词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the
treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”（一个非营利组织，监控动物在电影娱乐中的待
遇）以及下文Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ"and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t
been treated properly.（许多电影,包括“大象的眼泪”,“宿醉Ⅱ”和“管理员”,引起了动物
保护人士的愤怒，他们说影片中的动物没有遭到很好的对待。）由此可知，其中一家监控
动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切关注着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是
“密切关注”。故选D项。
9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the
Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to
Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is
the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam,
his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and
Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? （ ）
A. Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【参考答案】
D词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代
第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned
to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国
家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关
于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption
habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research
that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it's the
beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.
13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? （ ）A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
【参考答案】
D词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避
免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是 the
beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）
相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips
on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher,
Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some
st u m bles , Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley
invites the rest of the class to praise him.
25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂ in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly
jokes.
【参考答案】
A词义猜测题 根据第二段to tell you today why you should … should … Chris trips on the
…可知Chris因为紧张，演讲时说话有点磕巴，故此处stumbles指不恰当的停顿。
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping
up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the
heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad
coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright.
Yes, I’ll do it."
25. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feelings.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.【参考答案】
B 词义猜测题 heartstrings是由heart + strings组成，可知此短语与心情有关。由上文可
知，作者猜测这位家长对于参与一项不熟悉的运动可能有一些顾虑，作者需要说服她。由I
mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team
that his kids aren’t even on.可知，作者提到了一位有四个孩子的单亲家长负责该活动；一位
爸爸即便自己孩子没有加入球队，也给该球队执教。由此可猜测出作者是想从感情上打动
这位家长。
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and
fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are
not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's
top Western designers being influenced by China — some of the best designers of contemporary
fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano,
Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.
26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D.
competing against
【参考答案】
D 词义猜测题 根据第四段最后一句 … beating them hands down in design and sales可
知，Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu这些人在设计和销售方面毫不费劲地打败了传统
时尚大牌。故选D项。
1【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That
former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story
poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of
their days, while others go to seed long before?
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not
talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who
have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions thatall too often come with passing years.
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all
get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted
the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.可知，作者谈论的不
是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知 run out of steam可知，
停止学习，故选D。
（2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模）
The world is getting greener, according to a new study published in Nature this week.
Chi Chen, lead author of the study, and his colleagues have been mining data collected by an
orbiting NASA camera that monitors green vegetation on Earth’s surface, day by day. Even more
interesting: They are able to show the exact causes of increasing or decreasing leaf cover in
particular areas.
In some cold places, increase in leaf cover apparently resulted from global warming. Since
the climate is becoming more and more temperate and the growing season is getting longer and
longer, the plants are growing bigger and leafier there.
1．Which of the following best explains the underlined word “temperate” in paragraph 3?
A．Warm. B．Wet.
C．Cold D．Dry.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据画线词前“In some cold places, increase in leaf cover apparently resultedfrom global warming(在一些寒冷的地方，植被覆盖的增加明显是由全球变暖引起的)”及后
面的“and the growing season is getting longer and longer, the plants are growing bigger and
leafier there(生长季节变得越来越长，那里的植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多)”可知，
植物长得越来越大，叶子也越来越多是因为气候变暖，因此画线词temperate意为“暖和
的”，即Warm，故选A。
（2022·河北石家庄·一模）
30 years later, Bob and his wife, Jill Welch, decided to turn their wedding into a fundraiser
for the Make-A-Wish Foundation. Their wedding guests financed two wishes for local children,
more being planned. Many donated generously to the cause, spending more, perhaps, than they
might have if it was just to buy the couple a wedding gift like fine china or a kitchen appliance.
Bob said their wedding donation to the Make-A-Wish Foundation isn’t going to be “one and
done”. The two plan on continuing to contribute going forward.
37．What does the underlined part “one and done” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Once-only. B．Non-stop. C．Sizable. D．Personal.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“The two plan on continuing to contribute going forward.”可知，
二人计划继续做贡献，这说明他们的婚礼募捐不会“一劳永逸”，与A项“Once-only”同
义，故选A。
（2022·河北张家口·一模）
In the late 1930s, a collection of 14 gold Roman coins, known as the Chapipi treasure, was
also found in the same woodlands. The researchers believe that local people may have buried their
coins to keep them safe during a period of intense political instability in the region. The most
recent coin in the newly-discovered Grado collection dates to A．D．430, which was after the
Suebi—a group of Germanic people originally from modern-day Germany and the Czech
Republic—pushed the Romans out of Spain in A．D．409, according to El Pais.
11．What does the underlined word “them” refer to in Paragraph 4?
A．The Romans. B．The coins. C．The woodlands. D．The researchers.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第四段划线词所在句“The researchers believe that local people may haveburied their coins to keep them safe during a period of intense political instability in the region.
(研究人员认为，在这一地区政治动荡的时期，当地人可能把硬币埋了起来，以保证它们的
安全)”可知，them指代句中的their coins。故选B项。
（2022·陕西省榆林中学二模）
Besides, 10% of rich countries greenhouse gas emissions come from food that was grown
and never eaten. Food waste not only contributes to climate change, but also food insecurity and
extreme poverty. As stated above, in the greatest food wasting countries, there are laws that
confine produce from being donated to people in need.
15．What does the underlined word “confine” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Refuse. B．Restrict. C．Contact. D．Protect.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“And the food that doesn’t meet these standards is thrown away.
There are incredibly strict laws about food donation that actually makes it illegal to donate food
that doesn’t meet standards that are similar to those of the grocery store as well as laws that
restrict this food from being used as animal feed.(不符合这些标准的食物就会被扔掉。关于食
品捐赠有非常严格的法律规定，捐赠不符合食品杂货店标准的食品是违法的，法律还限制
这些食品被用作动物饲料)”以及画线词上文“in the greatest food wasting countries”和后文
“produce from being donated to people in need”可知，在粮食浪费最严重的国家，法律限制
将农产品捐赠给有需要的人。故画线词意思是“限制”。A. Refuse.拒绝；B. Restrict.限制；
C. Contact.联系；D. Protect.保护。故选B。
（2022·河南·模拟预测）
The yogurt that’ s past its sell-by date. The banana in your lunch that turned brown. The
leftovers in the fridge that you forgot to eat. For most people, all that food goes right into the
garbage can.
Eight to ten percent of global greenhouse gas emissions (放) are related to food waste,
according to a report by the U. N.’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “When you
throw away an egg or a sandwich,” says Yvette Cabrera, food waste vice director at the Natural
Resources Defense Council ( N. R. D．C．) ,“you’ re also throwing away all the resources that
went into producing those things.”That includes not only all the water, land, and fertilizer (化肥) that went into producing that
food, but also the massive amounts of fossil fuels used to power the farms, transport the food, and
create the packaging.
30．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The leftovers in the fridge. B．The packaging for products.
C．The thrown egg or sandwich. D．The resources to produce food.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据上文第二段末““When you throw away an egg or a sandwich,” says Yvette
Cabrera, “you’ re also throwing away all the resources that went into producing those things.”（
Yvette Cabrera说道，‘当你扔掉一个鸡蛋或者三明治的时候，你也同样将制作这些东西的
所有资源扔掉了’）”以及本句“That includes not only all the water, land, and fertilizer (化
肥) that went into producing that food,（这不仅包括所有制作食物所需的水、土地以及化
肥，）”可知，此处的that指代前文所提到的制作这些东西的资源，故选D。
（2022·宁夏·银川一中一模）
The Yawa technology is an example of best practice in the circular economy. Materials used
to build the machine are recyclable. The technology is even being adjusted to local air quality, a
response to the challenges caused by air pollution. But most importantly, the technology can be
used, owned and repaired by the communities it serves, even if they are not clear on the science
behind it.
“When I was first testing this technology in different rural communities, I spent a lot of time
explaining the technical aspects of it,” Hidalgo said. “At one point a woman stopped me and
looked me in the eye and said, ‘Young man, I just want water.’ And that changed something inside
of me, and I knew that I had to keep things simple.”
39．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 imply?
A．The woman didn’t trust Yawa.
B．The woman badly needed water.
C．The science behind Yawa was complex.
D．The test on Yawa was disappointing.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。由第四段中的““When I was first testing this technology in different ruralcommunities, I spent a lot of time explaining the technical aspects of it,” Hidalgo said. (“当我第
一次在不同的农村社区测试这项技术时，我花了很多时间解释它的技术方面，”伊达尔戈
说)”可知，Max Hidalgo花了很多时间向村民解释这项技术的原理；画线句后“And that
changed something inside of me, and I knew that I had to keep things simple. (这改变了我的内心，
我知道我必须保持简单)”可知，那位女士的话“Young man, I just want water.(年轻人，我只
想要水)”表明之前Yawa技术背后的科学原理很复杂，人们很难理解，所以Max Hidalgo才
决定让事情变得简单。故选C项。
（2022·北京丰台·一模）
One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling requires time and energy, and
people have limited resources for it. At the core is the effort that people are willing to invest
collectively to travel to certain locations, trying to optimize their days.
5．What does the underlined word “optimize” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Slow down. B．Keep a record of.
C．Think back on. D．Make the most of.
【参考答案】
词义猜测题。根据第四段“One explanation for this strong statistical patter is that traveling
requires time and energy, and people have limited resources for it. (这种深刻的统计模式的一种
解释是，行走需要时间和精力，而人们的资源有限。)”可知，人们的资源、时间和精力有
限，所以人们要使他们的一天达到最优化的效果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最优化”
与make the most of意义一致，故选D。
（2022·河南·许昌市普通教育教学研究室二模）
Nesmith rarely rejoined the others for reunion tours, leading many to believe he disliked the
band and the show, something he steadfastly denied. For the Monkees’30th anniversary he
persuaded the others to reunite to record a new album, “Justus,” for which all four composed the
songs and played the instruments. He also rejoined the others for a brief tour and wrote and
directed their 1997 TV reunion film, “Hey, Hey, It's the Monkees.”
17．What does “a brief tour” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．A fast trip. B．A short holiday.
C．A road show. D．A temporary party.【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据上文“For the Monkees’30th anniversary he persuaded the others to reunite to
record a new album, “Justus,” for which all four composed the songs and played the instruments.(
为了纪念门基乐队30周年，他说服其他乐队成员重新组合，录制了一张新专辑
《Justus》，四人共同创作歌曲并演奏乐器。)”可知，他还和其他人一起进行了一次巡回演
出，庆祝乐队成立30周年。a brief tour意为“巡回演出”。故选C。
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Plastic tubes hook up to the taps and connect them to one another. The sap flows into a
collection tank in the woods. From the collection tank, the Gagnes pump the sap into a ma-chine
to remove a lot of the sap’s water.Then it’s moved into an evaporator in a building called “sugar
house”. The Gagnes make a fire out of maple wood chips. The fire heats the sap and boils it. When
it reaches 219 degrees, the syrup is ready to be made.
Syrup is poured into glass or plastic bottles. But 150 years ago, sugar makers used tin cans.
These containers could prevent syrup from seeping out and allowed them to ship it far from
home and helped maple become a big business.
21．What does the underlined word “seeping” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Breaking. B．Blowing. C．Looking. D．Leaking.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题，根据画线词上文“These containers could prevent syrup from”以及后文
“allowed them to ship it far from home”可知，这些容器可以防止糖浆渗漏，便于他们将糖
浆运到远离家乡的地方，故seep意为“渗漏，渗”。A. Breaking打破；B. Blowing吹；C.
Looking看；D. Leaking渗漏。故选D。
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
People’s sensitivity to blood sugar is also dampened when they’re tired, the study found,
which suggests those who don’t sleep well are at higher risk of type 2 diabetes. “We saw that the
fatty tissue is attempting to increase its capacity to store fat following sleep loss.” said Dr
Cedernaes, “And we observed signs of breakdown of skeletal muscle. We also noted changes in
levels of proteins involved handling blood glucose. This could help explain why the participants’glucose sensitivity was impaired following sleep loss.”
33．What does the underlined word “dampened” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Decreased. B．Transformed.
C．Transmitted. D．Promoted.
【参考答案】
词句猜测题。根据第四段的第一句话“People’s sensitivity to blood sugar is also dampened
when they’re tired, the study found, which suggests those who don’t sleep well are at higher risk
of type 2 diabetes. （研究表明，当人们感觉到疲惫时，他们的血糖敏感性就会dampened，
这也就表明睡眠不好的那些人患2型糖尿病的风险更高。）”中的which suggests可知，此
句解释前文，此句说明人们在睡眠不足时，患2型糖尿病的风险更高，所以前文人们的血
糖敏感性是受到了睡眠缺失的影响，因此敏感性下降，故选A。
