文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题39 阅读理解之猜测词义题（练案）解析版
（高考考情+思维导图+真题演练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情 P 1
二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图 P2
三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练 10 例 P 2
四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟 20 篇 P 6
【名校模拟一：单词类猜测词义题】 P 6
【名校模拟二：短语类猜测词义题】 P1 6
【名校模拟三：句子类猜测词义题】 P 26
【名校模拟四：代词类猜测词义题】 P 38
一、阅读理解猜测词义题高考考情
2022-2024高考阅读理解考点统计
卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题
2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1
2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1
2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1
2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1
2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1
2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1
2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1
2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1
2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1
2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3
2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1
二、阅读理解猜测词义题思维导图三、阅读理解猜测词义题真题演练
【真题演练01】（2023浙江1月卷第24题）
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a
more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
24. What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Share an apartment with you. B. Join you in what you’re doing.
C. Transform your way of living. D. Help you to make the decision.
24.词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle,not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人
都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find
encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-
supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽
最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是
你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组 jump on that bandwagon与Join you in
what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
【真题演练02】（2023浙江1月卷第29题）
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29. What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Arguments. B. Doubts. C. Errors. D. Differences.
29.词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes
sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to
the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库
和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no
doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，
划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
【真题演练03】（2022新高考I卷第30题）
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
30. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
30. C。词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the
creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people
here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”
以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划
线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【真题演练04】（2022新高考II卷第30题）
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for
the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
30. D。词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's
behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。
根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put theirhands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，
人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的
时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
【真题演练05】（2022全国甲卷第28题）
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing
and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
28. A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she
toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，
但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不
再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的
事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。
故选A。
【真题演练06】（2021新高考I卷第30题）
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were
alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural
resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades
to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of
market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to
feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
29．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources
wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a
large part of these resources.(美洲原住民明智地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。不幸的是，仅仅几十年的探
险家和定居者就decimate这些资源的大部分)”可知，前后句形成转折，前一句陈述美洲原住民保护这些
宝贵的自然资源，所以后句表示探险家和定居者破坏了这些自然资源，推测划线单词表示“破坏”，与
destroy同义。故选C。
【真题演练07】（2021新高考II卷第30题）
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the
morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
25.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house
during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着
它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个
大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the roomupside down, and left it looking like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来
像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早
上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
【真题演练08】（2021全国甲卷第29题）
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered —landing tricks, being a good skater.
29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
29. B。词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那
才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因
此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。
【真题演练09】（2021全国乙卷第25题）
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter (29%) rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey (调查). Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use
it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue. C. Remember. D. Remark.
25. A。词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有
固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's
not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a
further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障
——19%的人表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人
认为固定电话并不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，
他们应该是承认了固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。
【真题演练10】（2020全国I卷第25题）
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
26. What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt. B. Reward.
C. Allowance. D. Face value.
26. B。词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s
work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他
们的最高回报”，由此判断出划线词的意思是“回报”。
四、阅读理解猜测词义题名校模拟
【名校模拟一：生词类猜测词义题】
（2024·重庆·三模）Handwriting notes in class might seem outdated as smartphones and other digital
technology cover every aspect of learning across schools and universities. But a steady stream of research
continues to suggest that taking notes the traditional way is still the best way to learn, especially for young
children. And now scientists are finally zeroing in on why.
The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the Norwegian University of Science
and Technology (NTNU), builds on a foundational 2014 study suggesting that people taking notes by computer
were typing without thinking. “It kind of goes in through your ears and comes out through your fingertips, but you
don’t process the incoming information,” she says. But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write
everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it — prioritize
it, consolidate it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before. This conscious action of building onto
existing knowledge can make it easier to stay engaged and grasp new concepts.
To understand specific brain activity differences during the two note-taking approaches, the researchers
sewed electrodes (电极) into a hairnet with 256 sensors that recorded the brain activity of 36 students as they
wrote or typed 15 words from the game Pictionary that were displayed on a screen.
When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors detected widespread connectivity across many brain
regions. Typing, however, led to minimal activity, if any, in the same areas. Handwriting set off connection
patterns covering visual regions, which receive and process sensory information, and the motor cortex (运动皮层).
The latter handles body movement and sensorimotor integration, which helps the brain use environmental inputs
to inform a person’s next action.
Sophia Vinci-Booher, an assistant professor of educational brain science at Vanderbilt University, says,
“People may not realize when they materialize something by writing or drawing it, this strengthens the concept
and helps it stick in their memory.”
1．What do we know about the new research?
A．It is an initial study on note-taking.
B．It offers a new note-taking method.
C．It finds the evidence for previous finding.D．It introduces how to take notes effectively.
2．What does the underlined word “consolidate” probably mean in paragraph 2?
A．Integrate. B．Demonstrate. C．Obtain. D．Share.
3．What happens in the brain when taking notes by hand?
A．Visual systems are lacking in activities.
B．Some brain areas are highly involved.
C．Sensory information is processed rapidly.
D．The motor cortex accepts visual information.
4．What is Sophia Vinci-Booher’s attitude towards the new research?
A．Approving. B．Dismissive. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现手写比打字更加有助于记忆和学习，解释了背后的原
因是手写笔记需要积极参与和处理信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“And now scientists are finally zeroing in on why.(现在科学家们终于找到了
原因)”和第二段“The new research, by Audrey van der Meer and Ruud van der Weel at the Norwegian
University of Science and Technology (NTNU), builds on a foundational 2014 study suggesting that people
taking notes by computer were typing without thinking.(挪威科技大学的奥黛丽•范德米尔和鲁德•范德韦
尔的这项新研究是在2014年的一项基础研究的基础上进行的，该研究表明，用电脑做笔记的人是在不加
思考地打字)”可知，新的研究是基于2014 年研究的结果找寻背后的原因。故选C。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“But when taking notes by hand, it’s often impossible to write
everything down; students have to actively pay attention to the incoming information and process it(但是当
用手记笔记时，通常不可能把所有的东西都写下来;学生们必须积极地关注传入的信息，并对其进行处
理)”以及后文“it and try to relate it to things they’ve learned before.”可知，用手写方式记笔记通常不能
记下所有的内容。学生需要对知识进行消化，然后记下要点。因此consolidate 应该属于“处理”信息的
过程，即过程是：先把信息优先排序，然后整合这些信息，并尝试将其与之前学过的知识联系起来。故
划线词意思是“整合”。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“When students wrote the words by hand, the sensors detected
widespread connectivity across many brain regions.(当学生手写单词时，传感器检测到大脑许多区域的广
泛连接)”可知，当用手写方式记笔记时，大脑多个区域相连接并产生活动。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sophia Vinci-Booher, an assistant professor of educational brain science
at Vanderbilt University, says, “People may not realize when they materialize something by writing or
drawing it, this strengthens the concept and helps it stick in their memory.”(范德比尔特大学教育脑科学助理教授索菲亚•文西-布尔说：“人们可能没有意识到，当他们通过书写或绘画将某件事具体化时，这加强
了概念，并有助于它留在他们的记忆中。”)”可知，她认为此项研究证实了用手写方式记笔记可以强化所
接收的观点，同时增强大脑对知识的记忆，即对新研究是支持态度。故选A。
（2024·云南曲靖·二模）Fly on a lamp on a summer evening and, within minutes, insects will begin to
gather near the lamp. This behavior has given rise to a popular simile (比喻) that describes attraction: “like a moth
(蛾) to a flame.” Though insects have been “drawn” toward bright light sources for a long time, scientists never
truly understood why. Now, they may finally have an answer.
Insects aren’t attracted to artificial lights, according to a new paper published Tuesday in the journal Nature
Communications. Rather, the glow (光) might be interfering with their natural sense of direction. The insects you
see circling street lights, in other words, are likely lost.
The new finding depends on a theory about navigation. When insects fly, they can experience whole body
acceleration up to five times greater than the acceleration caused by gravity. As such, it can be difficult for them to
know which way is up and which way is down as they fly through the air.
The study authors suspect insects rely on the glow coming from stars, planets and the moon to reorient (定
方向) themselves. For most of Earth’s history, the sky was the brightest source of light at night, so flying insects
turned their bodies to make their backs face skyward. But then, artificial light entered the picture.
To reach these conclusions, scientists used high-resolution cameras to film insects flying around artificial
lights in Costa Rica. They also attached tiny sensors to dragonflies and moths, then filmed motion-capture videos
of them in flight. Together, these methods allowed researchers to slow down the insects’ normally fast pace and
study their movements in greater detail. The footage showed insects turning their backs toward sources of
artificial light — even at the price of crashing.
If the light’s above them, they might start orbiting it. When they fly directly over a light, they fly
themselves upside down and that can lead to crashes. It really suggests that the moth is confused as to which way
is up. After running some experiments, researchers determined that light shining straight down provided the least
disruption to insects’ flight. Lights that pointed straight up, on the other hand, caused the most difficulties.
5．What does the underlined word “interfering” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A．Disturbing. B．Boosting. C．Restoring. D．Balancing.
6．What can we infer about the insects?
A．Body acceleration weakens for them in flight.
B．Light from stars is harmful to their navigation.
C．They often fly at a very slow speed.
D．They fly with their backs facing light.7．What causes minimum harm to insects’ flight?
A．Light pointing upward. B．Light pointing backward.
C．Light shining downward. D．Light shining forward.
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Is It Good to Be Like a Moth to a Flame?
B．Why do Flying Insects Gather near Light?
C．How Fast Can Insects Fly at Night?
D．How does Insect Flight Evolve?
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．C 8．B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了飞虫会在光源周围聚集的原因。
5．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“Insects aren’t attracted to artificial lights(昆虫不会被人造光吸引)”及
转折词“Rather(相反)”及后文“The insects you see circling street lights, in other words, are likely lost.(换
句话说，你看到的环绕路灯的昆虫很可能已经消失了)”可知，人造光会干扰昆虫的自然方向感，划线词意
思为“干扰”，与disturbing意思相近。故选A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“For most of Earth’s history, the sky was the brightest source of light at
night, so flying insects turned their bodies to make their backs face skyward.(在地球历史上的大部分时间
里，天空是夜晚最明亮的光源，所以飞虫会把身体转向，让背对着天空)”可推知，昆虫飞行的时候背对着
光。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“After running some experiments, researchers determined that light
shining straight down provided the least disruption to insects’ flight.(在进行了一些实验后，研究人员确定，
直射下来的光线对昆虫飞行的干扰最小)”可知，直射下来的光线对于昆虫飞行干扰最小。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fly on a lamp on a summer evening and, within minutes, insects will
begin to gather near the lamp.(在夏天的晚上，在一盏灯上飞行，几分钟内，昆虫就会开始聚集在灯附
近)”及“Though insects have been “drawn” toward bright light sources for a long time, scientists never
truly understood why. Now, they may finally have an answer.(虽然很长一段时间以来，昆虫一直被明亮的
光源“吸引”，但科学家们从未真正理解其中的原因。现在，他们可能终于有了答案)”可知，本文为一篇
科普说明文，介绍了飞虫会在光源周围聚集的原因，B选项“为什么飞虫会聚集在光线附近？”最符合本
文标题。故选B。
（2024·四川德阳·三模）The blue whale holds the current record as the largest creature to live on Earth,
but a collection of bones found in Per u might break that record. Researchers have identified a whale species
called Perucetus colossus in the publication Nature. Bones from this species, including backbones weighing over
100 kilograms each and ribs measuring nearly 1. 4 meters long, were found by Mario Urbina in 2012 in the Icadesert.
The area where the bones were found was once underwater, making it a rich source of ocean fossils. The
find resulted in 13 backbone vertebrae (脊椎), four ribs and a hip bone. The large fossils date back to around 39
million years ago. Alberto Collareta, a lead writer of the study, described the fossils as unlike anything he had ever
seen before.
The researchers used 3D scanners to study the bones’ surface and also looked inside. Based on the
incomplete skeleton, the team estimated that the ancient creature weighed somewhere between 85 and 340 metric
tons. Comparatively, the largest blue whales found fell within that range, at around 180 metric tons. The Perucetus
colossus measured about 20meters long, while blue whales can reach 30 meters in length. This means the newly
discovered whale was “feasibly the heaviest animal ever,” said Alberto Collareta. But he added, “it was most
likely not the longest animal ever.”
Interestingly, the density and weight of the Perucetus colossus’ bones were much higher than those of a
blue whale. This suggests that the colossal whale may have inhabited shallower coastal waters, similar to other
coastal animals with heavy bones.
Another researcher, Amson, said, without the skull, it is hard to know what the whale was eating to support
such a huge body. It is possible that the large creature sought food along the seafloor, the researchers said. Or it
could have eaten up tons of smaller sea life in the ocean. Swiesen, a paleontologist, added that he would not be
surprised “if this thing actually fed in a totally different way that we would never imagine.”
9．What do Paragraphs 1 and 2 say?
A．Massive prehistoric oceanic bones were unearthed in Peru.
B．Peru was considered to be a place rich in ancient whales.
C．Researchers found the bones underwater in Peru waters.
D．A new finding of bones was made about the whale family.
10．What does the underlined word “feasibly” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Barely. B．Possibly.
C．Actually. D．Undoubtedly.
11．What are researchers uncertain about as for Perucetus colossus?
A．Its weight. B．Its length.
C．Its feeding behavior. D．Its natural habitat.
12．Which is a suitable title for the passage?
A．An Ancient Whale May Be Heaviest Animal Ever Found
B．A Whale Species Uncovers the Diversity of Marine LifeC．The Fossil Discovery in Peru Puzzles World Researchers
D．The Backbones Give New Insights about the Blue Whale
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．C 12．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为Perucetus colossus的巨大鲸鱼化石的发现，这种鲸鱼
可能是地球上有史以来最重的动物。
9．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第二句“Researchers have identified a whale species called Perucetus
colossus in the publication Nature.（研究人员在《自然》杂志上确认了一种名为 Perucetus colossus 的鲸
鱼物种。）”以及第二段最后一句“Alberto Collareta, a lead writer of the study, described the fossils as
unlike anything he had ever seen before.（该研究的主要作者 Alberto Collareta 称这些化石与他以前见过
的任何化石都不同。）”可知，这两段主要介绍了关于鲸鱼家族的一个新发现。故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段最后一句“But he added, “it was most likely not the longest animal
ever.”（但他补充说，“它很可能不是有史以来最长的动物。”）”可知，Alberto Collareta 认为这头鲸
鱼 feasibly 是有史以来最重的动物，但很可能不是有史以来最长的动物。由此可推知，feasibly 应意为
“可能地”，与 possibly 意思相近。故选B项。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“Another researcher, Amson, said, without the skull, it is hard
to know what the whale was eating to support such a huge body.（另一位研究人员 Amson 说，没有头骨，
很难知道这头鲸鱼吃什么来支撑如此巨大的身体。）”可知，研究人员对 Perucetus colossus 的进食行
为不确定。故选C项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据文章第三段最后一句“This means the newly discovered whale
was “feasibly the heaviest animal ever,” said Alberto Collareta.（这意味着新发现的鲸鱼“可能是有史以来
最重的动物”，Alberto Collareta 说。）”可知，本文主要介绍了一种新发现的鲸鱼物种 Perucetus
colossus，它可能是有史以来最重的动物。A 项“一种古老的鲸鱼可能是有史以来发现的最重的动物”适
合作为文章标题。故选A项。
（2024·江苏扬州·模拟预测）Scarcity is a common condition of human existence. Everyday
circumstances of limited resources can make individuals experience a sense of scarcity. Scarcity functions like an
obstacle to goal pursuit, which intensify the value of goal.
Scarcity prioritizes our choices and it can make us more effective. The time pressure of a deadline focuses
our attention on using what we have most effectively. When we have little time left, we try to get more out of
every moment. For example, we are more frugal with the toothpaste as the tube starts to run empty, and college
seniors tend to get the most out of their time before graduation.
Many stores strategically create perception of scarcity to motivate consumer behavior. For example, the
pricing practice of limiting number of items per person can lead to increased sales. The sign implies that the itemsare in short supply and the fear of missing out can have a powerful effect on shoppers.
For an item that is attractive to begin with, its attractiveness will intensify when it is scarce. For instance,
warning labels on violent television programs, designed to decrease interest, often backfire and increase in
watching the programs.
The scarcity effect explains why shyness often is considered an attractive attribute? Experts say that
“playing hard to get” is a most effective strategy for attracting a partner, especially in the context of long-term
love. A “hard to get” player likes to appear busy, create interest and keep the suitors guessing. However, playing
hard to get is less effective in men, as they are the ones who are socially expected to initiate the relationship.
Scarcity also contributes to an interesting and a meaningful life. Scarcity shows that reminding individuals
of the reality of death increases the value of life. Midlife often heightens the feeling that there is not enough time
left in life to waste. We overcome the illusion (幻觉) that we can be anything, do anything, and experience
everything. We restructure our lives around the needs that are essential.
13．What does the underlined word “frugal” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Economical. B．Flexible. C．Anxious. D．Sensible.
14．Why do warning labels fail to stop people watching violent programs?
A．Because the programs have appealing openings.
B．Because there are few violent programs available.
C．Because the message on warning labels isn’t clear.
D．Because people want things that they cannot get.
15．Which of the following shows the effectiveness of the scarcity strategy?
A．A car company constantly launches new model cars.
B．A restaurant puts up a “two cans per person” poster.
C．A man pretends to be busy in front of his girlfriend.
D．A 50-year-old tries things he has never done before.
16．What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A．To prove a theory. B．To offer a solution.
C．To illustrate a phenomenon. D．To challenge a concept.
【答案】13．A 14．D 15．B 16．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是关于稀缺性对人类做决定的影响。
13．词义猜测题。由文章第二段中“Scarcity prioritizes our choices and it can make us more effective. The
time pressure of a deadline focuses our attention on using what we have most effectively. When we have
little time left, we try to get more out of every moment.(稀缺会优先考虑我们的选择，它能让我们更有效率。最后期限的时间压力使我们的注意力集中在最有效地利用我们所拥有的东西上。当我们的时间所剩无几
时，我们就会试图从每一刻中获得更多的时间。)”以及划线词下文“and college seniors tend to get the
most out of their time before graduation(大学毕业生往往会在毕业前充分利用他们的时间)”可知，当物品
变得稀缺时，会更加珍惜，更高效、更充分地去利用所剩余的东西；由此推知“we are more frugal with
the toothpaste as the tube starts to run empty(当牙膏快用完的时候，我们会更加frugal使用牙膏)”表达的
意思是：当牙膏快用完时，我们会更加珍惜（节俭使用），因此 frugal在这里的意思是“节俭的”。A.
Economical节俭的，节约的；B. Flexible灵活的；C. Anxious焦虑的；D. Sensible明智的。故选A。
14．推理判断题。由文章第四段“For an item that is attractive to begin with, its attractiveness will
intensify when it is scarce. For instance, warning labels on violent television programs, designed to decrease
interest, often backfire and increase in watching the programs. (对于一件一开始就有吸引力的物品来说，
当它变得稀缺时，它的吸引力会增强。例如，暴力电视节目的警告标签，旨在降低兴趣，往往适得其反
增加观看节目。)”可知，暴力电视节目上的警告标签本意是减少观看兴趣，但往往会事与愿违，增加人们
观看这些节目，这是因为人们往往更想要他们难以获得的东西；由此可知，警告标签未能阻止人们观看
暴力节目的原因是人们想要得到他们不能得到的东西。故选D。
15．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Many stores strategically create perception of scarcity to motivate
consumer behavior. For example, the pricing practice of limiting number of items per person can lead to
increased sales. (许多商店策略性地制造稀缺感，以激发消费者的行为。例如，限制每人购买物品数量的
定价做法可以增加销售额。)”可知，限制购买数量的策略可以增加销量，这是一个稀缺性策略有效性的例
子。因此，选项B“A restaurant puts up a ‘two cans per person’ poster. (一家餐厅贴出“每人两罐”的海
报)”符合这一策略的有效性表现。故选B。
16．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Scarcity is a common condition of human existence.
Everyday circumstances of limited resources can make individuals experience a sense of scarcity. Scarcity
functions like an obstacle to goal pursuit, which intensify the value of goal. (匮乏是人类生存的普遍状况。
资源有限的日常环境会让个人产生一种匮乏感。稀缺性作为目标追求的障碍，强化了目标的价值。)”、第
二段的“Scarcity prioritizes our choices and it can make us more effective. (稀缺会优先考虑我们的选择，
它能让我们更有效率。)”、第三段的“Many stores strategically create perception of scarcity to motivate
consumer behavior. (许多商店策略性地制造稀缺感，以激发消费者的行为。)”可知，作者主要介绍了稀缺
性对人类做决定的影响，作者写这篇文章的目的是说明这种现象。故选C。
（2024·陕西榆林·三模）Fingerprints have been used to identify individuals for centuries. But now
scientists may have finally figured out how those patterns are formed, according to a paper published in the
journal Cell in February.Previous studies have shown that fingerprints can be influenced by the shape and size of the blood vessels
in the skin and how fast the different layers of skin grow. Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and
his colleagues started their study from a new viewpoint: how genes affect fingerprint patterns. They identified the
genes related to limb (肢体) development, which could serve as the groundwork for print formation, according to
their work published in 2022.
However, many genes are not involved in the process. “The key is how they form,” Headon told Nature, a
science journal. The team studied the ridges (脊) on mouse toes and human cells grown artificially.
They found two kinds of elements work against each other. A protein called WNT, which is important in
skin development, promotes ridge formation. Another molecule (分子), called BMP, impedes the ridges. With the
two elements “fighting” each other, they create the patterns of waves. The team also changed the timing and the
location of the origins of the waves in experiments. They discovered that the waves would collide in different
ways, which helps to create the diversity of print patterns.
Interestingly, the analysis of the fingerprint patterns supported the Turing reaction-diffusion system. It was
first proposed by UK scientist Alan Turing in 1952 to describe a self-organizing system that creates patterns in
nature, such as the feather patterns in birds and stripes on zebra. The researchers also built a computer model that
can recreate print patterns by following the Turing system.
Based on the new study, it may be possible that the structures of human skin might be all generated by the
same mechanism, Sarah Millar, a US biologist, told the website Science News. However, more studies on how the
skin matures are needed to solve the mystery.
17．What did Denis Headon and his colleagues focus on in their study?
A．The relation between skin growth and fingerprint formation.
B．The influence of blood vessels on fingerprint patterns.
C．The impact of genes on fingerprint patterns.
D．The analysis of mouse toes’ ridges.
18．What approach did the researchers adopt to conduct the study?
A．They experimented with mouse toes and artificial human cells.
B．They compared mouse toes with human hands.
C．They did research on human hand anatomy.
D．They planted human cells in mouse toes.
19．What does the underlined word “impedes” in paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A．Supports. B．Stops. C．Generates. D．Influences.
20．What can be inferred about the study from the last paragraph?A．It uncovers how the skin is generated. B．It promotes Alan Turing’s theory.
C．It may further research on skin maturation. D．It shows the mechanism of skin formation.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们从一个新的研究视角开展的一项研究——基因如
何影响指纹模式及其对未来人类皮肤研究的启发。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Denis Headon at the University of Edinburgh, UK, and his colleagues
started their study from a new viewpoint: how genes affect fingerprint patterns.（英国爱丁堡大学的丹尼
斯·黑顿（Denis Headon）和他的同事们从一个新的视角开始了他们的研究：基因如何影响指纹模
式。）”可知，丹尼斯·黑顿（Denis Headon）和他的同事们在研究中关注基因对指纹模式的影响。故选
C。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The team studied the ridges (脊) on mouse toes and human cells
grown artificially.（研究小组研究了老鼠脚趾上的脊和人工培育的人类细胞。）”可知，研究人员通过对
老鼠脚趾和人工培育的人类细胞进行实验来进行研究。故选A。
19．词义猜测题。根据第四段“A protein called WNT, which is important in skin development, promotes
ridge formation(一种名为WNT的蛋白质在皮肤发育中起着重要作用，它促进了脊的形成)”可知，叫做
WNT 的蛋白质刺激脊的形成；再根据“With the two elements ‘fighting’ each other, they create the
patterns of waves.( 当这两种元素相互“斗争”时，它们就形成了波纹的图案)”可知，WNT蛋白质促进
脊线的形成，而另一种分子BMP则与WNT相对抗。由此可推断，impedes的意思应为“阻碍”或“阻
止”。故选B。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, more studies on how the skin matures are needed to solve the
mystery.（然而，要解开这个谜团，还需要更多关于皮肤如何成熟的研究。）”可以推断，这项研究可能
会进一步推动对皮肤成熟过程的研究。故选C。
【名校模拟二：短语类猜测词义题】
（2024·河北衡水·模拟预测）Flaco the owl (猫头鹰) is gone, but his life had all the elements of a classic
hero’s story, not soon forgotten. Flaco lived a dozen years in a comfortable cage in the Central Park Zoo where
little happened and less was needed. His life was a safe existence without freedom. Then, a year ago, someone
released him.
On Friday, when he died of injury, perhaps from a collision (碰撞) with a Manhattan apartment building’s
glass windows, his death offered us a chance to reckon with the question at the heart of many a hero’s journey:
Can we put a price on freedom?
Flaco’s liberation from his cage came at a cost — he spent the final year of his life free, but threatened from
all sides by a booming city. Was it worth it?Almost from the moment he was released, Flaco became a symbol of hope for many of the people who
followed his story and recognized parts of themselves in him. Some saw him as the symbol of the American
dream, an outsider who had come to Manhattan and made a life for himself here, like millions of others who
arrived penniless and unconnected in search of freedom.
As a result, he flew around the city. We were terrified that he’d succumb to (屈服于) the dangers of city
life. Flaco had no experience living outside a cage, and New Yorkers initially doubted his chances of survival. We
worried that he’d eat a rat with enough poison in its system to kill him. But Flaco never looked back. Perhaps
freedom itself was the home he’d discovered.
And though we feared for him, his new life excited us. How many of us, our circumstances familiar and
sale, are too frightened to seek our more fully realized selves?
How many of us, viewing our confinements as nothing out of the ordinary, have long stopped wondering
what our wings are for?
Have we not all desired a life beyond the range of the one we lead? Flaco showed that our desire is not
misplaced. His choice proved a truth that given a chance, living things choose freedom of movement.
21．What do the underlined words “reckon with” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Bring up. B．Deal with. C．Reflect on. D．Look into.
22．What happened to Flaco the owl after he was released from his cage?
A．He died a natural death.
B．He was caught and returned to the zoo.
C．He died from a collision with a building.
D．He lived a free life but faced many threats.
23．What was the initial reaction of New Yorkers towards Flaco’s release?
A．They were excited and supportive.
B．They were worried about his survival.
C．They were indifferent and unconcerned.
D．They were angry and opposed to his release.
24．What does the author want to convey through the story of Flaco?
A．The importance of protecting wildlife.
B．The risks and rewards of seeking freedom.
C．The value of overcoming challenges in life.
D．The need for more awareness about animal rights.
【答案】21．C 22．C 23．B 24．B【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。猫头鹰弗拉科被释放后却碰撞建筑物死亡，他获得了自由，但是失去
了生命，这一切值得吗？作者通过文章告诉我们，追求自由有风险，也有收获。
21．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“On Friday, when he died of injury, perhaps from a collision (碰撞)
with a Manhattan apartment building’s glass windows, his death offered us a chance(周五，他伤重不治，
可能是撞上了曼哈顿一栋公寓楼的玻璃窗，他的死给了我们一个机会)”及“the question at the heart of
many a hero’s journey: Can we put a price on freedom?(许多英雄旅程的核心问题：我们能给自由标价
吗)”可推知，猫头鹰弗拉科的死亡，给了一个“思考”这个问题的机会。由此可知，划线词组与“reflect
on(反思)”意思相近。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“On Friday, when he died of injury, perhaps from a collision (碰撞) with a
Manhattan apartment building’s glass windows, his death offered us a chance to reckon with the question
at the heart of many a hero’s journey: Can we put a price on freedom?(上周五，他伤重不治，可能是撞上
了曼哈顿一栋公寓楼的玻璃窗。他的死让我们有机会思考许多英雄旅程中的核心问题：我们能给自由标
价吗？)”可知，猫头鹰弗拉科死于与建筑物的碰撞。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Flaco had no experience living outside a cage, and New Yorkers
initially doubted his chances of survival. We worried that he’d eat a rat with enough poison in its system to
kill him. (Flaco没有在笼子外生活的经验，纽约人最初怀疑它的生存机会。我们担心他会吃下体内有毒的
老鼠致其死亡)”可推知，当猫头鹰弗拉科被释放时，纽约人最初担心他的生存机会。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Can we put a price on freedom?(我们能给自由标价吗？)”；第三段
“Flaco’s liberation from his cage came at a cost — he spent the final year of his life free, but threatened
from all sides by a booming city. Was it worth it?(弗拉科从笼子里解放出来是有代价的——他在自由中度
过了生命的最后一年，但却受到了一个蓬勃发展的城市的四面八方的威胁。值得吗？)”及文章最后一段
“Have we not all desired a life beyond the range of the one we lead? Flaco showed that our desire is not
misplaced. His choice proved a truth that given a chance, living things choose freedom of movement.(难道
我们不都渴望过一种超出我们所能承受范围的生活吗？弗拉科表明，我们的愿望并不是错位的。他的选
择证明了一个真理：只要有机会，生物就会选择自由行动)”可推知，作者通过猫头鹰弗拉科获得自由却死
亡的事迹告诉我们追求自由有风险，也会有回报。故选B。
（2024·安徽·一模）Fashion designers have a big say in what’s considered beautiful. They pick who’s in
their shows and ads, shaping what’s celebrated as beauty. But this power also means responsibility — it can be
used to leave people out or lift them up.
When I was young, fashion was my world. I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore,
desiring to be tall, thin, and have long, shiny hair to fit the ideal. I wanted to be like those models, so I stoppedeating. It was a tough time; my eating disorder consumed me. It took years to break free from its control, allowing
me to focus on my true passions.
For so long, the fashion industry has worked hard to set an ideal of beauty that celebrates thin, young, white,
and able-bodied models as the ideal. It’s impossible not to be exposed to images of models that have been
photoshopped to where there’s not a single spot in sight. This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly,
around 91% of women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny
themselves.
There’s progress — models and musicians promote body positivity. However, the pressure to meet unrealistic
standards remains. Changing these standards involves bravely celebrating diverse beauty. True inclusivity goes
beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating. Young
designers often overlook this crucial aspect. Hiring plus-size or transgender photographers, diverse casting
directors, or makeup artists who understand the importance of accommodating to various skin tones, is vital for an
overall approach.
We aimed to redefine the “bikini body” standards. However, the goal isn’t for the consumer’s body to change
but for clothes to accommodate all sizes. We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they
shop. It’s our responsibility as designers to challenge this narrow beauty definition. My hope is for future teens to
escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities.
25．What does the underlined phrase “pored over” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Classified carefully. B．Read attentively.
C．Compared thoroughly. D．Recommended sincerely.
26．What is the impact of the initial beauty ideals set by the fashion industry?
A．Causing self-denial. B．Generating individuality.
C．Focusing on true passions. D．Contributing to self-confidence.
27．What can be inferred about true inclusivity?
A．It encourages personal effort. B．It satisfies traditional standards.
C．It focuses on physical appearances. D．It calls for diversity and cooperation.
28．Which of the following will the author probably agree with?
A．Customers will change their body shapes.
B．Future teens will redefine fashion standards.
C．Fashion should celebrate everyone’s uniqueness.
D．“Bikini body” standards should be strengthened.
【答案】25．B 26．A 27．D 28．C【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过对时尚标准的讨论，表达了人们应该打破传统观念，建立多样性
的时尚标准的观点。
25．词义猜测题。根据上一句“When I was young, fashion was my world.”（当我年轻的时候，时尚就是
我的世界。）和划线词所在句“I pored over various fashion magazines at my local bookstore,”（我在当地
的书店里pored over各种时尚杂志，）可知，作者对时尚非常着迷，所以在书店应该是仔细阅读了各类
时尚杂志，了解关于时尚的信息，“pored over”应该表示“仔细阅读”。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“This idea is everywhere, and it hurts people. Shockingly, around 91% of
women are unhappy with their appearance. It’s sad that teens grow up in a society where they deny
themselves.”（这种想法无处不在，它伤害了人们。令人震惊的是，约 91%的女性对自己的外表不满意。
可悲的是，青少年成长在一个他们否定自己的社会中。）可知，时尚界设立的美的标准致使多数女性不
满意自己的容貌，从而否定自己。故选 A。
27．推理判断题。根据第四段“True inclusivity goes beyond appearances. It requires diverse decision-
makers, photographers, and casting directors cooperating.”（真正的包容超越表象。这需要不同的决策者、
摄影师和选角导演的合作。）可知，真正的包容是要求有多样性和合作的，它呼吁不同时尚行业的从业
者们进行合作。故选 D。
28．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We need more fashion for everyone, no matter their size or where they
shop.”（我们需要为每个人提供更多的时尚，无论他们的身材或他们在哪里购物。）和“My hope is for
future teens to escape the pressures I faced, developing a fashion industry celebrating diverse identities.”
（我希望未来的青少年能够摆脱我所面临的压力，发展一个崇尚多元化身份的时尚产业。）可知，作者
有可能会赞同：时尚界应该崇尚个人的独特性。故选 C。
（2024·河南三门峡·三模）Wandering around his spacious plantation in the hills outside Los Angeles,
Luke has the swagger (阔步) of an actor who has made it in Hollywood. After six successful years in the movies
he lives in an open-plan home with mountain views, a large swimming pool and staff who bring him steak or juice
when required. A driver is on hand to take him into the city when he gets a call to shoot an ad or make a paid
appearance at an event, for which he commands a fee equal to a week’s pay for a lowlier actor. Luke turns heads
like few other artists. His agent’s only complaint is that, given half a chance, he might try to eat his co-stars.
As a 500lb African lion, Luke has to deal with challenges not experienced by other actors. But lately, he
and his human colleagues have found a common cause. Writers and actors in America have been on strike for half
of 2023. One of the reasons for their bust-up with the studios was the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in film
and television production. Writers worry that AI will soon create massive scripts, while actors fear that, as the
technology improves the quality of computer-generated imagery (CGI), they may be replaced by digital stand-ins(替身).
Well, at present, for most human actors, that is still an assumed worry. But for four-legged screen stars it is
already a reality. Work for animal actors is drying up as computer graphics offer an easier-and, some argue, more
humane-way to portray creatures on screen. As AI makes those special effects still more realistic and easier to
produce, the replacement of real animals with digital ones is accelerating, in television and advertising as well as
in high-end movies.
As demand for animal actors declines, their owners and trainers are leaving the business. Luke and his
colleague, Maasai, who lies dozing in a nearby place, are the last two working lions in Hollywood.
29．Which can describe Luke’s life shown in Paragraph l?
A．Easy and comfortable. B．luxurious and fashionable.
C．Risky and dangerous. D．Busy and efficient.
30．What does the underlined part “bust-up” (in para. 2) probably mean?
A．Lack of confidence.B．Sympathy. C．Breakup. D．Harmonious relationship.
31．What does AI mean to human actors?
A．A great tool. B．An urgent threat. C．A promising career. D．An imaginary fear.
32．What can be concluded from the passage?
A．AI has limited influence on animal actors.
B．Animal actors are to withdraw from the stage.
C．Digital animals cost more than animal actors.
D．The decline of animal actors harms the business.
【答案】29．A 30．C 31．D 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲动物演员由于人工智能，即将要退出舞台。
29．推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“After six successful years in the movies he lives in an open-plan
home with mountain views, a large swimming pool and staff who bring him steak or juice when required. A
driver is on hand to take him into the city when he gets a call to shoot an ad or make a paid appearance at
an event, for which he commands a fee equal to a week’s pay for a lowlier actor. Luke turns heads like few
other artists. (在成功拍摄电影六年后，他住在一个开放式的家里，可以欣赏山景，有一个大型游泳池，
工作人员会在需要时给他送牛排或果汁。当他接到拍摄广告或在活动中付费亮相的电话时，司机会带他
进城，为此他收取的费用相当于一个低收入演员一周的工资。 Luke像其他艺术家一样引人注目。)”可推
知， Luke过着轻松舒适的生活。故选A项。
30．词句猜测题。由文章第二段“Writers and actors in America have been on strike for half of 2023. One
of the reasons for their bust-up with the studios was the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in film andtelevision production. Writers worry that AI will soon create massive scripts, while actors fear that, as the
technology improves the quality of computer-generated imagery (CGI), they may be replaced by digital
stand-ins(替身).(2023年的一半时间里，美国的作家和演员一直在罢工。他们与制片公司的原因之一是在
电影和电视制作中使用了人工智能。作家们担心人工智能很快就会创造出大量的剧本，而演员们则担心
随着这项技术提高了计算机生成图像（CGI）的质量，他们可能会被数字替身所取代)”可知，演员们担心
人工智能代替他们，与制片公司“决裂”。所以猜测 bust-up表“决裂”的意思。故选C项。
31．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Well, at present, for most human actors, that is still an assumed worry.
(目前，对于大多数人类演员来说，这仍然是一个假定的担忧。)”可知，AI意味着对人类演员来说是想象
中的恐惧。故选D项。
32．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“As demand for animal actors declines, their owners and trainers are
leaving the business. Luke and his colleague, Maasai, who lies dozing in a nearby place, are the last two
working lions in Hollywood.(随着对动物演员的需求下降，他们的主人和驯兽师正在离开这家公司。卢克
和他的同事马赛躺在附近的一个地方打瞌睡，他们是好莱坞最后两只工作的狮子。)”以及上文可推知，动
物演员即将要退出舞台。故选B项。
（2024·河南南阳·模拟预测）Baleen whales (须鲸) play a vital role in marine ecosystems. To
communicate across vast distances and find each other, baleen whales depend mainly on the production of sounds
that travels far in dark oceans. However, since whale songs were first discovered more than 50 years ago, it
remained unknown how baleen whales produce their complex sounds — until now.
A new study led by voice scientist Coen Elemans reported that baleen whales evolved unique structures in
their throat that enable their low-frequency sounds, but also limit their communication range.
To understand how muscle activity could change the calls, the researchers built a model of the entire whale
throat. As a result, the researchers found baleen whales have a U-shaped tissue in their throat that allows them to
breathe in huge amounts of air. They also have a unique fatty cushion (垫子)that isn’t found in other animals.
When the whales push air from their lungs past the fatty cushion, it starts to produce very low-frequency
underwater sounds. What’s more, the throat evolution of baleen whales lets them sing underwater without the risk
of choking and drowning.
However, the researchers found while baleen whales are able to make a wide range of different sounds,
they can’t produce sounds louder than noise from shipping lanes (航道), drilling activity and so on, which limits
their communication range. Since baleen whales can’t sing loud enough to gloss over the noise from ships, they
can’t hear each other properly, which means some can’t mate. Being unable to find a mate would in turn threaten
their future population numbers.“Regrettably, the frequency range and maximum communication depth of 100 meters we predict, overlaps
completely with the dominant frequency range and depth of human-made noise caused by shipping traffic. Now
we show despite baleen whales’ amazing physiology, they can’t escape the noise humans make in the oceans. We
need strict regulations for such noise, because these whales are dependent on sound for communication,” Elemans
said.
33．What is the result of the evolution of baleen whales’ throat?
A．They breathe in more air than other species.
B．They send their low sounds farther than before.
C．They communicate with other whales more easily.
D．They have a lower risk of dying while singing underwater.
34．What does the underlined part “gloss over” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Decrease. B．Control. C．Cover. D．Change.
35．What does Elemans want to convey in paragraph 5?
A．Baleen whales’ physiology needs to be studied.
B．Measures should be taken to control man-made noise.
C．Baleen whales can communicate in 100-meter deep sea.
D．The damage from shipping traffic is beyond expectation.
36．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Baleen Whales Have a Unique Throat
B．Baleen Whales Are Getting into Trouble
C．Man-Made Noise Causes Pollution to the Ocean
D．Human Noises Disturb Baleen Whales’ Communication
【答案】33．D 34．C 35．B 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了须鲸由于喉部的特殊结构可以在水下发出低频的声音，但
交流范围有限，而来自人类的噪音远远超过了须鲸的声音，使它们彼此之间不能进行交流甚至交配，从
而威胁了须鲸的数量。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What’s more, the throat evolution of baleen whales lets them sing
underwater without the risk of choking and drowning. (更重要的是，须鲸喉咙的进化使它们能够在水下唱
歌，而不会有窒息和溺水的风险。)”可知，须鲸喉部的进化使它们在深海歌唱时不会有窒息和溺水的危险。
故选D。
34．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Since baleen whales can’t sing loud enough (由于须鲸唱歌的声音不
够大)”以及“they can’t hear each other properly (它们无法准确地听到彼此的声音)”可知，须鲸唱歌的声音不足以盖住船只发出的噪音，因此它们听不见彼此的声音。由此可知，gloss over意为“掩盖”。A.
Decrease减少；B. Control控制；C. Cover掩盖；D. Change改变。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Regrettably, the frequency range and maximum communication
depth of 100 meters we predict, overlaps completely with the dominant frequency range and depth of
human-made noise caused by shipping traffic. Now we show despite baleen whales’ amazing physiology,
they can’t escape the noise humans make in the oceans. We need strict regulations for such noise, because
these whales are dependent on sound for communication,” Elemans said. (“令人遗憾的是，我们预测的100
米的频率范围和最大通信深度，与船舶交通造成的人为噪音的主要频率范围和深度完全重叠。现在我们
展示了尽管须鲸有着惊人的生理机能，但它们无法逃避人类在海洋中制造的噪音。我们需要对这种噪音
制定严格的规定，因为这些鲸鱼依赖声音进行交流，”埃勒曼斯说。)”可知，尽管须鲸有着惊人的生理机
能，但它们无法逃脱人类在海洋中制造的噪音。因此我们需要严格的规定来控制这种噪音，帮助须鲸进
行交流。故选B。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过文章第二段中“A new study led by voice scientist Coen Elemans
reported that baleen whales evolved unique structures in their throat that enable their low-frequency
sounds, but also limit their communication range. (由声音科学家科恩·埃曼斯领导的一项新研究报告称，
须鲸的喉咙进化出了独特的结构，使它们能够发出低频声音，但也限制了它们的交流范围。)”和第四段中
“Since baleen whales can’t sing loud enough to gloss over the noise from ships, they can’t hear each other
properly, which means some can’t mate. Being unable to find a mate would in turn threaten their future
population numbers. (由于须鲸唱歌的声音不够大，无法掩盖船只发出的噪音，因此它们无法准确地听到
彼此的声音，这意味着有些须鲸无法交配。找不到配偶反过来又会威胁到它们未来的种群数量。)”可知，
本文主要介绍了研究人员发现，须鲸喉部的特殊结构使其能在水下发出低频的声音，但来自人类的噪音
远远超过了须鲸的声音，使它们彼此之间不能进行交流甚至交配，从而威胁了须鲸的数量。因此，D项
“Human Noises Disturb Baleen Whales’ Communication (人类的噪音干扰了须鲸的交流)”最适合作为本
文的标题。故选D。
（2024·内蒙古呼和浩特·二模）The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is one of the best books I have read
in years. This is a page turner with complex characters and situations that will make you think hard about
friendship, good and evil, betrayal, etc. It is intense and a great book by many measures.
On one level, The Kite Runner is the story of two boys in Afghanistan and Afghan immigrants in America.
It is a story set in a culture that has become of increasing interest to Americans since the September 11, 2001
attacks. It also explores the history of the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan. On this level, it provides a good way
for people to learn more about Afghan history and culture in the context of the story.Looking at The Kite Runner as a story about culture, however, misses what the book is really about. This is
a novel about humanity. This is a story about friendship, loyalty, cruelty, longing for acceptance, redemption, and
survival. The core story could be set in any culture because it deals with issues that are universal.
The Kite Runner looks at how the main character, Amir, deals with a secret in his past and how that secret
shaped who he became. It tells of Amir’s childhood friendship with Hassan, his relationship with his father and
growing up in a privileged place in society. I was drawn in by Amir’s voice. I sympathized with him, cheered for
him and felt angry with him at different points. Similarly, I became attracted by Hassan and his father. The
characters became real to me and it was difficult for me to put the book down and leave their world.
I highly recommend this book, especially for book clubs. For those of you who are not in a reading group,
read it and then loan it to a friend. You are going to want to talk about it when you finish.
37．The underlined words “a page turner” probably mean that the book is ________.
A．abstract B．thrilling C．ridiculous D．tough
38．The greatest charm of The Kite Runner lies in ________.
A．the beauty of language B．the history of the Taliban
C．the reflection of humanity D．the culture of immigrants
39．According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A．The story can provide inspiration for readers of various cultures.
B．The author always feels sympathy for the main character, Amir.
C．The story is set in the September 11, 2001 attacks in America.
D．The secret helped Amir to grow up in a privileged place in society.
40．What type of writing is the passage?
A．An advertisement of a book. B．An introduction to a book.
C．A summary of a book. D．A review of a book.
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．A 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了《追风筝的人》这本书的内容和解读。
37．短语猜测题。根据画线词前面一句“The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is one of the best books I
have read in years.(卡勒德·胡赛尼的《追风筝的人》是我多年来读过的最好的书之一。)”可知，作者认为
《追风筝的人》是一本好书，结合画线词后面的“with complex characters and situations that will make
you think hard about friendship, good and evil, betrayal, etc(有着复杂的人物和情况，会让你认真思考友
谊、善与恶、背叛等)”和下面一句“It is intense and a great book by many measures.(从很多方面来看，
这本书的感情强烈，是一本好书。)”可知，这本书人物复杂、情节跌宕，能够引起读者深思，里面的感情
非常强烈，由此可推测出，a page turner意为“一本扣人心弦的读物”，thrilling意为“扣人心弦的”，符合题意。故选B。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Looking at The Kite Runner as a story about culture, however, misses
what the book is really about. This is a novel about humanity. This is a story about friendship, loyalty,
cruelty, longing for acceptance, redemption, and survival.(然而，将《追风筝的人》视为一个关于文化的故
事，却忽略了这本书的真正意义。这是一部关于人性的小说。这是一个关于友谊、忠诚、残酷、渴望接
受、救赎和生存的故事。)”可知，这本书不单单是关于文化，它是一本人性的人说，故事中关乎友谊、忠
诚、残酷、渴望接受、救赎和生存，由此可推测出，这本书最大的魅力在于它反映了人性。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The core story could be set in any culture because it deals with issues
that are universal.(核心故事可以设定在任何文化中，因为它涉及普遍的问题。)”可知，这个故事可以设
定在任何文化中，因为它反映了普遍存在的问题，由此可推测出，这个故事可以为不同文化背景的读者
提供灵感。故选A。
40．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini is one of the
best books I have read in years.(卡勒德·胡赛尼的《追风筝的人》是我多年来读过的最好的书之一。)”和最
后一段中的“I highly recommend this book, especially for book clubs.(我强烈推荐这本书，尤其是给读书
俱乐部。)”可推知，本文应该是一篇书评，讲述了《追风等的人》这本书的故事内容和背后反映的深层意
义。故选D。
【名校模拟三：句子类猜测词义题】
（2024·北京·三模）Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution,
which has occurred ever since men were organized into units larger than the family. In the past human race
managed to survive it. Why should it not continue to survive even if wars go on occurring from time to time?
Moreover, people like war, and will feel frustrated without it. And without war there will be no adequate
opportunity for heroism or self-sacrifice.
Modem technology has changed this. Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present,
it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before
long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will
never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon
international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most
skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy
to change very old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology (意识形态) would prevent war. I believe
this to be a big error. All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, doubtful, and atworst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of
them.
The movement of world opinion during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcome.
It has become a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the
world, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to
be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die, that negotiations should reach
agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that
the important conflict nowadays is not between different countries, but between man and the atom bomb.
41．From the passage we can learn that war now is ______.
A．as bad as in the past B．worse than in the past
C．as necessary as in the past D．not so dangerous as in the past
42．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Men, as well as war, will have to make the ultimate choice between the two.
B．Modern technology has empowered man to choose whether to have war or not.
C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided to abandon war once and for all.
D．People will eventually destroy themselves if they choose to go to war at modern times.
43．As for ideology, what does the author intend to tell us?
A．Certain ideology is superior regarding its truthfulness.
B．It is useless to adopt an ideology to prevent war.
C．Not every ideology is not worth fighting for.
D．It is wrong to follow any ideology.
44．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．War or No War, That Is A Question
B．Nuclear Weapons Bring the End of Human Race
C．Towards a Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration
D．From Ideology to Negotiation: A New Approach to International Conflicts
【答案】41．B 42．D 43．B 44．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。在当前的国际形势之下，作者阐述人类应该以一种新的方式看待国际问题
而不是把它看作武力的较量。这种方式就是通过根据公认的法律原则进行仲裁。
41．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Modem technology has changed this”（现代科技改变了这一点）以
及“For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or
chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但不久之后，细菌或化学武器可能带来更大的威胁。）可推知，现在的战争比过去更糟糕。故选B。
42．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Either man will abolish war, or war will abolish man. For the present,
it is nuclear weapons that cause the most serious danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may,
before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing nuclear weapons, our work will not be
done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. ”（要么人会消灭战争，要么战争会
消灭人。目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但细菌或化学武器不久可能会带来更大的威胁。如果我们
成功地废除了核武器，我们的工作也还没有完成。除非我们成功地废除了战争，否则这是永远不会实现
的。）可知，只有成功废除战争，才能算做完成人类的工作，由此可推知，如果人们选择在现代进行战
争，他们最终将自我毁灭。故选D。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All ideologies are based upon dogmatic (武断的) statements that are,
at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their followers believe in them so fanatically that they are
willing to go to war in support of them.”（所有的意识形态都建立在武断的陈述之上，往好了说，这些陈
述是可疑的，往坏了说，这些陈述是完全错误的。他们的追随者如此狂热地相信他们，以至于他们愿意
为了支持他们而去打仗。）可推知，采用意识形态来防止战争是无用的。故选B。
44．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon
international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is
most skillful in killing people, but by arbitration (通过仲裁) in accordance with agreed principles of
law .”（要做到这一点，我们需要说服人类以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是将其视为武力的较量，
在这种较量中，胜利属于最善于杀人的一方，而是通过根据商定的法律原则进行仲裁。）可知，作者呼
吁人们以新的方式看待国际问题，通过仲裁来解决问题，以此来废除战争，因此，C选项“Towards a
Future Without War: A Call for Global Arbitration”（走向无战争的未来：全球仲裁的呼吁）最能概括全
文内容。故选C。
（2024·广东梅州·模拟预测）Have you ever been hungry and tired and wished you could solve both
problems at once? If you were a reindeer, it would be easy. According to new research, these talented deer can
have a snooze while they chew their food.
Like cows and about 200 other mammals, reindeer use a process called rumination to break down the tough
plant fibers they eat. This process involves passing the food back and forth between their mouth and the four
chambers of their stomach, chewing it repeatedly until all the nutrients have been absorbed. All that chewing
seems to leave very little time for sleep.
To find out their secret to getting enough rest, scientists fitted four female reindeer in a stable with devices
that monitored their brainwaves. While the reindeer were ruminating, their brainwaves were similar to the patternsshown during light sleep. The animals sat or stood quietly with their eyes closed, and they were less likely than
usual to react to the rustling of a neighboring deer’s movements. “They were in a very relaxed state,” researcher
Melanie Furrer told Science News.
The chewing motion made it hard for the researchers to tell whether the animals’ brain waves were truly in
sleep mode, bringing the benefits of a night’s rest. But when they tested the deer again after rumination, the
animals’ brain activity showed that they felt rested.
If reindeer are kept awake for too long, they need extra “recovery sleep” to catch up. After ruminating,
however, the deer did not need as much recovery sleep. Study co-author Gabriela Wagner told NPR that
ruminating serves two different purposes at the same time. “Not only does it help them to get the most energy out
of the food they have,” she said, “but it also makes sure that their brain gets enough rest and they get the sleep
they need.”
45．What does the underlined sentence in Para 1 mean?
A．It is easy for reindeer to be hungry.
B．Reindeer can eat and sleep simultaneously.
C．People can not solve the problem like a reindeer.
D．Reindeer are talented so that they can solve the problem.
46．What can we learn about rumination?
A．It allows reindeer to absorb all the nutrients.
B．It functions because of the four chambers of stomach.
C．Reindeer use rumination to pass the food back and forth.
D．All mammals use rumination to break down the fibers they eat.
47．How is para 3 developed?
A．By analyzing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By stating arguments. D．By describing process.
48．Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A．Ruminating Serves Benefits For Reindeer
B．Ruminating Provides Extra Recovery Sleep
C．Ruminating Allows Reindeer Sleep And Eat
D．Getting Enough Sleep Is Essential For Reindeer
【答案】45．B 46．A 47．D 48．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了驯鹿在进行反刍的同时进入睡眠状态，从而解决了同时感到
饥饿和疲倦的问题。45．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Have you ever been hungry and tired and wished you could solve both
problems at once? If you were a reindeer, it would be easy. According to new research, these talented deer
can have a snooze while they chew their food.(你是否曾经又饿又累，希望能同时解决这两个问题？如果你
是驯鹿，那就容易多了。根据一项新的研究，这些有天赋的鹿在咀嚼食物时可以打个盹。)”可知，划线句
子说的是驯鹿可以同时做到吃饭和睡觉两件事。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据第二段的“This process involves passing the food back and forth between their
mouth and the four chambers of their stomach, chewing it repeatedly until all the nutrients have been
absorbed.(这个过程包括在它们的嘴和胃的四个腔之间来回传递食物，反复咀嚼直到所有的营养物质都被
吸收。) ”可知，反刍可以让驯鹿吸收所有的营养。故选A。
47．推理判断题。根据第三段的“To find out their secret to getting enough rest, scientists fitted four
female reindeer in a stable with devices that monitored their brainwaves. While the reindeer were
ruminating, their brainwaves were similar to the patterns shown during light sleep. The animals sat or
stood quietly with their eyes closed, and they were less likely than usual to react to the rustling of a
neighboring deer’s movements. “They were in a very relaxed state,” researcher Melanie Furrer told Science
News.(为了找出它们获得充足休息的秘密，科学家们在一个马厩里安置了四只母驯鹿，并安装了监测它们
脑电波的设备。当驯鹿反刍时，它们的脑电波与浅睡眠时的模式相似。这些动物闭着眼睛安静地坐着或
站着，它们对邻近鹿的沙沙声的反应比平时要小。“它们处于非常放松的状态，”研究人员 Melanie
Furrer告诉《科学新闻》。)”可知，该段描述了研究人员研究驯鹿在进行反刍的同时进入睡眠状态的过
程。故选D。
48．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Have you ever been hungry and tired and wished you could
solve both problems at once? If you were a reindeer, it would be easy. According to new research, these
talented deer can have a snooze while they chew their food.(你是否曾经又饿又累，希望能同时解决这两个
问题？如果你是驯鹿，那就容易多了。根据一项新的研究，这些有天赋的鹿在咀嚼食物时可以打个盹。)”
可知， 文章主要讲述了驯鹿可以在进行反刍的同时进入睡眠状态，从而解决了同时感到饥饿和疲倦的问
题。C项(反刍可以让驯鹿睡觉和吃饭同时进行)为最佳标题。故选C。
（2024·辽宁大连·一模）Monet gets his place in the art timeline because of his leading role in the
impressionist art movement, and through the lasting appeal of his artistic style. The painting he titled Impression:
Sunrise, done early in his career, may not seem one of Monet’s best paintings, but the big deal about it is that it
was the painting that gave impressionism its name.
Done with oil paint on canvas, this painting is characterized by thin washes of rather mild colors, on top of
which he painted short strokes of pure color. Monet gave depth and perspective to an otherwise flat painting bythe use of aerial perspective (空间透视法). Look closely at the three boats, and you can see how these get lighter
in the tone, which is the way aerial perspective works. The lighter boats appear to be further away from us than
the darkest one.
Monet exhibited the painting in what we now call the First Impressionist Exhibition, in Paris. Monet and a
group of about 30 other artists, frustrated by restrictions and politics of the official annual art salon, had decided to
hold their own independent exhibition, an unusual thing to do at the time. They called themselves the Anonymous
Society of Painters, Sculptors, Engravers, etc., which included artists who are now world famous such as Renoir,
Degas, Pissarro, Morisot, and Cezanne. Monet said he’d called the painting “impression” because “it really
couldn’t pass as a view of Le Harve”.
Louis Leroy, an art critic, in his review of the exhibition used the title of Monet’s painting as the headline,
calling it the “Exhibition of Impressionists”. Leroy had meant it ironically as the term “impression” was used to
describe a rapidly finished painting of an atmospheric effect, and artists rarely, if ever, exhibited pictures so
quickly sketched. The label stuck. In his review published on 25 April, 1874, Leroy wrote,“Wallpaper in its
embryonic (萌芽期的) state is more finished than that seascape.” Then in a supportive review published a few
days later, Jules Castagnary was the first art critic to use the term “Impressionism” in a positive way.
49．What do we know about Monet’s Impression: Sunrise?
A．It was universally acknowledged as Monet’s best painting.
B．Leroy was deeply impressed by the painter’s remarkable skill.
C．The different tones of the three boats gave depth to the painting.
D．It was exhibited in the official annual art salon with 30 other artists.
50．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The label met strong opposition from other art critics.
B．The label was stuck to the surface of Monet’s painting.
C．The label was not regarded as a positive image.
D．The label stayed and became widely used after that.
51．Who is the first to use the term “Impressionists”?
A．Monet. B．Leroy. C．Renoir. D．Castagnary.
52．What does the passage mainly talk about?
A．Impression: Sunrise gave Impressionism its name.
B．Critics had a disagreement over Monet’s painting.
C．Monet is a leading artist of Impressionism.
D．Impressionism is an appealing artistic style.【答案】49．C 50．D 51．B 52．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了莫奈的名画《印象：日出》以及它对印象主义艺术流派的影响。
49．细节理解题。根据第二段“Look closely at the three boats, and you can see how these get lighter in the
tone, which is the way aerial perspective works. The lighter boats appear to be further away from us than
the darkest one.(仔细观察这三艘船，你可以看到它们是如何在色调上变浅的，这就是空间透视法的工作
方式。浅色的船似乎比最黑的船离我们更远)”可知，三艘船的不同色调给这幅画增添了深度。故选C项。
50．词句猜测题。根据前文“Louis Leroy, an art critic, in his review of the exhibition used the title of
Monet’s painting as the headline, calling it the “Exhibition of Impressionists”. Leroy had meant it ironically
as the term “impression” was used to describe a rapidly finished painting of an atmospheric effect, and
artists rarely, if ever, exhibited pictures so quickly sketched.(艺术评论家Louis Leroy在评论展览时用了莫
奈的画作作为标题，称其为“印象派的展览”。Leroy的意思是带有讽刺意味的，因为“印象”这个词是
用来形容一幅快速完成的大气效果的画作，而艺术家们很少(如果有的话)展出这么快就完成的画作)”以及
后文“Then in a supportive review published a few days later, Jules Castagnary was the first art critic to
use the term “Impressionism” in a positive way.(几天后发表的一篇支持性评论中，朱尔斯·卡斯塔格里
(Jules Castagnary)是第一个以积极的方式使用“印象派”一词的艺术评论家)”可知，勒罗伊对印象派给与
讽刺的评论，而后文强调朱尔斯是第一个用积极的方式使用“印象派”一词，可以推知，划线部分意思
是““印象派”这个标签被保留下来，并在那之后被广泛使用”。故选D项。
51．推理判断题。根据第四段“Louis Leroy, an art critic, in his review of the exhibition used the title of
Monet’s painting as the headline, calling it the “Exhibition of Impressionists”. Leroy had meant it ironically
as the term “impression” was used to describe a rapidly finished painting of an atmospheric effect, and
artists rarely, if ever, exhibited pictures so quickly sketched.(艺术评论家Louis Leroy在评论展览时用了莫
奈的画作作为标题，称其为“印象派的展览”。Leroy的意思是带有讽刺意味的，因为“印象”这个词是
用来形容一幅快速完成的大气效果的画作，而艺术家们很少(如果有的话)展出这么快就完成的画作)”可知，
Leroy是第一个使用“Impressionists”这个词的人。故选B项。
52．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Monet gets his place in the art timeline because of his leading role in the
impressionist art movement, and through the lasting appeal of his artistic style. The painting he titled
Impression: Sunrise, done early in his career, may not seem one of Monet’s best paintings, but the big deal
about it is that it was the painting that gave impressionism its name.(由于他在印象派艺术运动中的领导作
用，以及他的艺术风格的持久吸引力，莫奈在艺术时间表上占有一席之地。莫奈早期创作的这幅名为
《印象:日出》的画作，似乎不是他最好的画作之一，但重要的是，正是这幅画让印象派得名)”以及纵观
全文可知，本文主要讲述了莫奈的名画《印象：日出》以及它对印象主义艺术流派的影响。故选A项。（2024·宁夏银川·二模）Warming seas across the globe are endangering coral reefs, a key ecosystem that
supports marine life to live and thrive. As a possible way to save them from extinction, scientists have recently
frozen and revived groups of adult corals for the first time, according to a recent study.
Freezing biological materials, or “cryopreserving” them, refers to keeping them in a deep freeze for long
periods without affecting the cells viability (活性), according to the Science Times website.
This method usually cools them to very low temperatures, commonly to-196℃. Since cells would normally
die at such a low temperature due to the formation of ice inside, scientists need to monitor the freezing rate and
choose the freezing medium carefully.
Researchers in the US experimented with freezing pea-sized pieces of a common coral in Hawaii. After
removing the microbes on the corals, they sealed the corals in metal containers filled with a chemical solution that
partially dehydrated (脱水) them and helped control ice growth.
When the corals reached a temperature of around -200 ℃, the remaining water in the corals solidified into a
glassy form. The corals were still alive, with their life-driving functions becoming extremely slow. After being
cryopreserved for a few minutes, the researchers pulled the corals out and placed them in warm water. In two
minutes, they started consuming oxygen — a sign of them staying alive.
Previously, researchers had already successfully cryopreserved coral larvae (幼虫), according to a study in
2018. However, the larvae can only be collected when corals spawn (产卵), which happens just a few nights each
year. “That’s putting a lot of eggs in one basket,” US marine scientist Liza Roger told Science News.
This breakthrough offers more hope to the worlds corals, said Roger. However, there’s more work to be
done. A few days after thawing (解冻), the corals became “stressed out” from the process and were killed by the
bacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working on using antibiotics to help them
survive for a longer period of time.
53．What happened to the corals when they were cryopreserved?
A．They died temporarily.
B．Their life functions slowed down.
C．They remained alive and unchanged.
D．They fed on microbes in the containers.
54．What does the underlined sentence mean?
A．It is not a reliable solution.
B．It needs a large number of eggs.
C．It holds promise for restoring corals.
D．It requires overly expensive technology.55．What issue do the researchers still need to address?
A．Finding a suitable freezing medium.
B．Identifying the bacteria on the corals.
C．Expanding the collection of coral larvae.
D．Maintaining the corals health after thawing.
56．What might be the main idea of the passage?
A．Bringing dead corals back to life. B．Freeze and revive coral larvae.
C．Find a way to preserve corals. D．Study the conditions of coral growth.
【答案】53．B 54．A 55．D 56．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了科学家通过冷冻的方式来保护珊瑚礁免于灭绝。
53．细节理解题。根据第五段的“The corals were still alive, with their life-driving functions becoming
extremely slow.(珊瑚仍然活着，它们的生命驱动功能变得极其缓慢。)”可知，当珊瑚被冷冻时，它们还活
着，但是它们的生命机能减缓。故选B。
54．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段的“Previously, researchers had already successfully cryopreserved
coral larvae according to a study in 2018. However, the larvae can only be collected when corals spawn,
which happens just a few nights each year. “That’s putting a lot of eggs in one basket, ” US marine
scientist Liza Roger told Science News.(根据2018年的一项研究，此前，研究人员已经成功地冷冻保存了
珊瑚幼虫。然而，幼虫只能在珊瑚产卵时收集，这种情况每年只发生几个晚上。“这是把很多鸡蛋放在
一个篮子里，”美国海洋科学家丽莎·罗杰告诉《科学新闻》。)”可知，因为收集珊瑚幼虫的机会很少，
所以成功冷冻保存珊瑚幼虫的几率不是很高，由此可知，划线句子说明了冷冻保存珊瑚幼虫不是一个可
靠的解决方案。 故选A。
55．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“A few days after thawing, the corals became “stressed out” from the
process and were killed by the bacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working
on using antibiotics to help them survive for a longer period of time.(解冻几天后，珊瑚在这个过程中变得
紧张，并被通常与它们和谐相处的细菌杀死。研究人员正在研究使用抗生素来帮助它们存活更长的时
间。)”可知，研究人员还需要保持珊瑚在解冻后是足够健康的以达到使其存活更长时间的目标。故选D。
56．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“Warming seas across the globe are endangering coral reefs,
a key ecosystem that supports marine life to live and thrive. As a possible way to save them from extinction,
scientists have recently frozen and revived groups of adult corals for the first time, according to a recent
study.(全球海洋变暖正在危及珊瑚礁，而珊瑚礁是支撑海洋生物生存和繁荣的关键生态系统。根据最近的
一项研究，作为拯救它们免于灭绝的可能方法，科学家们最近首次冻结并复活了成年珊瑚群。)”和最后一
段的“A few days after thawing, the corals became “stressed out” from the process and were killed by thebacteria they normally live in harmony with. The researchers are working on using antibiotics to help them
survive for a longer period of time.(解冻几天后，珊瑚在这个过程中变得紧张，并被通常与它们和谐相处
的细菌杀死。研究人员正在研究使用抗生素来帮助它们存活更长的时间。)”可知，文章主要讲述的是研究
人员正在寻找办法保护珊瑚。故选C。
（2024·上海金山·一模）One summer night in a seaside cottage, a boy felt himself lifted from bed. Then,
with the swiftness of a dream, he was held in his father’s arms out onto the nearby beach. Overhead the sky blazed
with stars. “Watch!” Incredibly, as his father spoke, one of the stars moved. In a line of golden fire it flashed
across the astonished heavens. And before the wonder of this could fade, another star leaped from its place, then
another, plunging towards the restless sea.
“What’s this?” the child whispered.
“Shooting stars. They come every year on a certain August night. I thought you’d like to see the show.”
That was all: just an unexpected glimpse of something mysterious and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child
stared for a long time into the dark, knowing that all around the quiet house, the night was full of the silent music
of the falling stars.
Decades have passed, but I remember that night still, because I was the fortunate boy whose father believed
that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep. No doubt I had all the
usual childhood entertainment, but those are forgotten now. What I remember is the night of the shooting stars,
and the day we rode in a caboose(列车末尾的职工车厢), the telegraph we made that really worked, and the
“trophy table” in the dining room where we children were encouraged to exhibit things we had found — anything
unusual or beautiful — snake skins, seashells, flowers, arrowheads... I remember the thought-provoking(引人深
思的) books left by my bedside that pushed back my horizons and sometimes actually changed my life.
My father had, to a marvellous degree, the gift of opening doors for his children, of leading them into areas
of splendid newness. This subtle art of adding dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t necessarily require a great
deal of time. It simply involves doing things more often with our children instead of for them or to them.
57．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．The child was still immersed in the beautiful scenery just now.
B．The child was too frightened to fall asleep because of darkness.
C．The child wanted to listen more to the music about falling stars.
D．The child felt grateful to his father for what he showed him.
58．All the things the author remember from his childhood are ________.
A．unusual and novel B．dangerous and demanding
C．strange and uncommon D．educational and thought-provoking59．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Parents should interfere more with their children’s learning.
B．Parents should push their children to try to do everything on their own.
C．Parents should devote energy to exploring new things for their children.
D．Parents should encourage children to be curious and explore new things in life.
60．What’s the best title for this passage?
A．Limitless knowledge B．Father, the hero of my life
C．Curiosity aroused that night D．The unusual things in my life
【答案】57．A 58．A 59．D 60．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。几十年前的一个夏日夜晚父亲抱起熟睡的作者，带作者去看流星，作者在
多年后依然对这个夜晚记忆犹新。除此之外，作者还记得许多和父亲一起做的特殊事情，父亲通过一些
小事激发作者的好奇心。作者意识到开阔孩子的视野并不需要花费很多时间，只需经常和孩子们一起做
一些事情。
57．词句猜测题。根据画线句前面的“That was all: just an unexpected glimpse of something mysterious
and beautiful.(仅此而已：只是对神秘而美丽事物的意外一瞥。)”并结合上文父亲抱着熟睡的作者去看流
星的场景可知，在这个夜晚，作者看到了神秘而美丽的流星雨，再根据画线句“But, back in bed, the
child stared for a long time into the dark, knowing that all around the quiet house, the night was full of the
silent music of the falling stars.(但是，回到床上，孩子在黑暗中凝视了很长一段时间，知道在安静的房子
周围，夜晚充满了星星落下的无声音乐。)”可推知，作者回到床上躺着后，依然沉浸在刚刚看到的美丽景
色之中。故选A。
58．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I was the fortunate boy whose father believed that a new experience
was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep(我是一个幸运的男孩，他的父亲认为，
对一个小男孩来说，一次新的经历比一个完整夜晚的睡眠更重要)”和“What I remember is the night of
the shooting stars, and the day we rode in a caboose(列车末尾的职工车厢), the telegraph we made that
really worked, and the ‘trophy table’ in the dining room where we children were encouraged to exhibit
things we had found — anything unusual or beautiful — snake skins, seashells, flowers, arrowheads...(我记
得的是流星的夜晚，我们坐在列车末尾的职工车厢里的那一天，我们制作的真的很管用的电报，还有餐
厅里的‘奖杯桌’，在那里我们这些孩子被鼓励展示我们发现的东西——任何不寻常或美丽的东西——
蛇皮、贝壳、花、箭头……)”可推出，作者记得的童年里的那些事物都非常独特、新颖。故选A。
59．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“My father had, to a marvellous degree, the gift of opening doors for
his children, of leading them into areas of splendid newness. (我父亲有一种了不起的天赋，那就是为他的
孩子们打开大门，带领他们进入一个崭新的领域。)”可知，父亲为他的孩子们打开大门，带领他们进入一个崭新的领域，激发出了他们探索的兴趣。由此可推测出，父母应该鼓励孩子们保持好奇心，探索生活
中的新事物。故选D
60．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文首先描述了几十年前的一个夏日夜晚父亲抱起熟睡的作者，带作
者去看流星，再根据第五段中的“Decades have passed, but I remember that night still, because I was the
fortunate boy whose father believed that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an
unbroken night’s sleep.(几十年过去了，但我仍然记得那个夜晚，因为我是一个幸运的男孩，他的父亲认
为，对一个小男孩来说，一次新的经历比一个完整的夜晚更重要。)”和最后一段中的“My father had, to
a marvellous degree, the gift of opening doors for his children, of leading them into areas of splendid
newness. (我父亲有一种了不起的天赋，那就是为他的孩子们打开大门，带领他们进入一个崭新的领
域。)”可知，那个夜晚父亲让作者体验了新的事物，父亲总能够激发孩子们去探索新事物，使孩子保持好
奇心。由此可推测出，C项“那晚激发的好奇心”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
【名校模拟四：代词类猜测词义题】
（2024·宁夏石嘴山·模拟预测）Kids everywhere love to play. And they know that a ball is a perfect thing
to play with. Now scientists report bumblebees (大黄蜂) seem to know the same thing, making bumblebees the
first insects known to play.
Lots of animals play. But the behavior is best known in mammals and birds. For many animals, playing is
often seen as a kind of training for things they’ll have to deal with in later life. But before this, there were no
reports of insects playing.
Dr. Lars Chittka did an earlier experiment, where he trained bumblebees to roll balls into a goal for food.
He noticed some bees were rolling balls even when they weren’t rewarded. He wondered if they were playing.
To test the idea, he with other scientists set up a new experiment. First, they marked 45 young bumblebees,
both male and female, between one and 23 days old. Then they set up a clear pathway from the bumblebees’ nest
to a feeding area. On either side of the open pathway, small colored wooden balls were placed. On one side of the
path, the balls couldn’t move. On the other side, the balls could roll around.
For three hours a day over 14 days, the scientists opened the pathway. The bumblebees never had to leave
the pathway to find food, but they left anyway. They weren’t so interested in the side where the balls couldn’t
move, but they made lots of visits to the side with the rolling balls.
Grabbing the balls with their legs, the bumblebees would beat their wings to pull on the balls, causing them
to roll. The 45 marked bumblebees did this 910 times during the experiment. Though some only did it once, others
did it a lot. The scientists found the younger bumblebees spent more time rolling balls, and that males seemed
more likely to play than females.
The scientists say it’s not clear why the bumblebees roll the balls or whether they enjoy it. But theexperiment raises important questions about how the insects’ minds work and whether they have feelings.
61．What does the underlined word in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The discovery that many insects like playing.
B．The experiment about mammals’ living habits.
C．The report that bumblebees play for fun.
D．The comparison between insects and birds.
62．What did Dr. Chittka’s experiment focus on?
A．Bumblebees’ types. B．Bumblebees’ habitats.
C．Bumblebees’ behavior. D．Bumblebees’ food.
63．What can we learn from the experiment?
A．Male bumblebees tend to play balls more often.
B．Colorful balls are bumblebees’ favourite toys.
C．Younger bumblebees are better at rolling balls.
D．Bumblebees show interest in anything round.
64．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Bumblebees Act Just Like Kids B．Balls Are a Perfect Thing to Play with
C．Playing Is Animals’ Second Nature D．Bumblebees Are First Insect Known to Play
【答案】61．C 62．C 63．A 64．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发现，该研究表明大黄蜂是已知的第一种会
玩耍的昆虫。
61．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Lots of animals play. But the behavior is best known in mammals and
birds. For many animals, playing is often seen as a kind of training for things they’ll have to deal with in
later life. But before this, there were no reports of insects playing. (许多动物在玩耍。但这种行为在哺乳动
物和鸟类中最为人所知。对于许多动物来说，玩耍通常被视为一种训练，它们将在以后的生活中处理这
些事情。但在此之前，没有昆虫玩耍的报告)”可知，之前有哺乳动物和鸟类玩耍的报告，没有昆虫玩耍的
报告，再结合第一段中“Now scientists report bumblebees (大黄蜂) seem to know the same thing, making
bumblebees the first insects known to play. (现在科学家们报告说，大黄蜂似乎也知道同样的事情，这使得
大黄蜂成为已知的第一种会玩耍的昆虫)”可推知，这个之前参照的时间节点是有报告说大黄蜂玩耍是为了
好玩。故选C项。
62．推理判断题。根据第五段“For three hours a day over 14 days, the scientists opened the pathway. The
bumblebees never had to leave the pathway to find food, but they left anyway. They weren’t so interested in
the side where the balls couldn’t move, but they made lots of visits to the side with the rolling balls. (在14天的时间里，科学家们每天花3个小时打开通道。大黄蜂不必离开小路去寻找食物，但它们还是离开了。
它们对球不能移动的那一边不太感兴趣，但它们经常去有滚动球的那一边)”和第六段中“Grabbing the
balls with their legs, the bumblebees would beat their wings to pull on the balls, causing them to roll. The 45
marked bumblebees did this 910 times during the experiment. Though some only did it once, others did it a
lot. (大黄蜂用腿抓住球，拍打翅膀拉动球，使它们滚动起来。45只被标记的大黄蜂在实验中这样做了910
次。虽然有些只做了一次，但其他做了很多次)”可知，这一实验一直在观察大黄蜂的行为，并对此进行描
述、记录和分析。由此可知，实验的焦点是大黄蜂的行为。故选C项。
63．细节理解题。根据第六段中“The scientists found the younger bumblebees spent more time rolling
balls, and that males seemed more likely to play than females. (科学家们发现，年轻的大黄蜂花更多的时间
滚球，而且雄性似乎比雌性更喜欢玩球)”可知，该实验显示雄性大黄蜂更喜欢玩球。故选A项。
64．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Now scientists report bumblebees (大黄蜂) seem to know
the same thing, making bumblebees the first insects known to play. (现在科学家们报告说，大黄蜂似乎也
知道同样的事情，这使得大黄蜂成为已知的第一种会玩耍的昆虫)”可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究发
现，该研究表明大黄蜂是已知的第一种会玩耍的昆虫。因此，D项“大黄蜂是已知的第一种会玩耍的昆
虫”契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
（2024·广西来宾·模拟预测）Lamar Giles is the author of several praised novels and short stories for
young adults. His most recent novel is called The Getaway (Scholastic Press, 2022).
I recently spoke with Giles via video. Born and raised in Virginia, he has had a passion for writing, he told
me, since he was a child. “It was just amusing to me,” he said.
Growing up in Hopewell, Giles experienced poverty and racism. He recalled a frightening moment when he
and his friends were stopped by police officers. “They were pulling out really big, scary weapons,” Giles recalled,
“threatening us for no reason, other than the fact that we were young, Black children.”
When Giles was in his early 20s, he met professional authors who showed him that he could make a living
doing what he loved. At age 21, he saw one of his stories published in a little-known magazine. It took another
decade for Giles to write and publish his first novel.
The challenges Giles met with when growing up proved to be a catalyst (催化剂) for his writing. “When
something scares me, I’ll write about it,” he said. “If I write a story around it, it makes me feel better about the
fear and anxiety.”
The author’s thriller (惊险小说) for young adults, Fake ID (Amistad Books for Young Readers, 2015),
tells the story of Nick Pearson. The character, who is Black, faces racial profiling in his hometown, as Giles did.
Nick is suspected of committing a crime because of his race and his “shady” neighborhood. In one scene, he is
held at the county jail after being falsely accused by a governor of a state.Giles is also a co-founder of We Need Diverse Books. The nonprofit organization promotes diversity
initiatives in the publishing industry, supporting authors whose stories are often ignored. The goal, Giles said, is to
enable all kids to see themselves in the books they read.
65．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Video. B．Novel. C．Passion. D．Writing.
66．Which statement best describes Giles’ childhood?
A．He tried his best to write books. B．He lived in poverty and horror.
C．He lived under police protection. D．He got along well with his friends.
67．How did the challenges Giles met with affect him?
A．They inspired him to write. B．They changed his attitude to life.
C．They prevented him turning a writer. D．They made him become strong-willed.
68．What do we know about the character of Fake ID?
A．He was Giles’ best friend. B．He devoted himself to writing.
C．He was wrongly imprisoned. D．He founded a nonprofit organization.
【答案】65．D 66．B 67．A 68．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位黑人作家拉马尔贾尔斯的人生经历。
65．词句猜测题。根据第二段“I recently spoke with Giles via video. Born and raised in Virginia, he has
had a passion for writing, he told me, since he was a child. “It was just amusing to me,” he said. (我最近通
过视频与Giles交谈。他在弗吉尼亚州出生并长大，他告诉我，他从小就对写作充满热情。“我只是觉得
它很有趣，”他说。)”可知，Giles从小就喜欢写作，此处It指的是writing。故选D项。
66．推理判断题。根据第三段““They were pulling out really big, scary weapons,” Giles recalled,
“threatening us for no reason, other than the fact that we were young, Black children.” (“他们拿出非常巨
大、可怕的武器，”Giles回忆说，“毫无理由地威胁我们，只因为我们是年轻的黑人孩子。”)”可知，
Giles在霍普韦尔长大，经历了贫穷和种族歧视，即：生活在贫困和恐惧之中，故选B项。
67．细节理解题。根据第五段“When something scares me, I’ll write about it,” he said. “If I write a story
around it, it makes me feel better about the fear and anxiety. (“当我害怕的时候，我会把它写下来，”他说。
“如果我围绕它写一个故事，它会让我对恐惧和焦虑感觉更好。”)”可知，Giles在成长过程中遇到的挑
战成为了他写作的催化剂，给他的写作带来了灵感，故选A项。
68．细节理解题。根据第六段“Nick is suspected of committing a crime because of his race and his
“shady” neighborhood. In one scene, he is held at the county jail after being falsely accused by a governor
of a state. (尼克因为自己的种族和他所住的“阴暗”社区而被怀疑犯罪。在一个场景中，他被一个州的州
长诬告后被关进了县监狱。)”可知，Fake ID中的黑人角色在他的家乡面临着种族歧视，被关进了监狱，故选C项。
（2024·安徽·三模）Cheetahs (猎豹) are usually daytime hunters, but the speedy big cats will shift their
activity toward dawn and dusk hours during warmer weather, a new study finds.
Unfortunately for endangered cheetahs, that sets them up for more potential conflicts with mostly
competing animals like lions. “Lions normally kill prey (猎物) themselves, but if they come across a cheetah’s
kill, they will try to take it,” said Bettina Wachter, a behavioral biologist. “The cheetahs will not fight the larger
cats, they will just leave.” Hunting at different times of the day is one way to reduce meetings between large meat-
eating animals.
But the new study found that on the hottest days, when daily temperatures got to nearly 45 degrees Celsius,
cheetahs became more active at night. Kasim Rafiq, co-writer of the study, said, “There’s a greater chance for
more unfriendly encounters and less food for the cheetahs.”
For the current study, researchers placed GPS devices on 53 large meat-eating animals—including
cheetahs, lions, and African wild dogs. Researchers then recorded their position s and hours of activity over eight
years. They compared this data with the highest daily temperature records. While seasonal differences explain
most temperature changes in the time from 2011 to 2018, the scientists say the observed behavior changes offer
information about the future of a warming world.
In future research, the scientists plan to use audio-recording devices and accelerometers (加速度计) —
“like a Fit bit for big cats,” said Rafiq. The goal is to document the number of meetings between large meat-eating
animals.
In addition to competition with lions, cheetahs already face strong pressure from the loss of living space
and conflict with humans. The fastest land animal — cheetahs are the rarest big cat in Africa, with fewer than
7,000 left in the wild.
“These climate changes could become really critical if we look into the future — it’s predicted to become
much warmer in this part of Africa where cheetahs live, in Botswana, Namibia and Zambia,” said Wachter.
69．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The lion’s kill. B．The cheetah’s prey. C．The lion. D．The cheetah.
70．Which of the following statements would Kasim Rafiq agree with?
A．Cheetahs would rather sleep in the daytime.
B．Cheetahs will get more food if they hunt later.
C．Cheetahs spend less time hunting than lions.
D．Cheetahs will face strong competition with lions.
71．How is the current study on large meat-eating animals carried out?A．By placing positioning equipment on them.
B．By documenting their meeting times in summer.
C．By providing them with a Fitbit equipment.
D．By leading them to hunt in different hunt areas.
72．Why will the scientists use audio-recording devices and accelerometers?
A．To show the big influences of climate changes.
B．To protect the environment from being destroyed.
C．To reduce conflicts among large meat-eating animals.
D．To record the frequency of encounters between large meat-eating animals.
【答案】69．B 70．D 71．A 72．D
【导语】本文为说明文。据报道，一项新的研究发现，习惯在白天行动的猎豹受全球变暖影响，逐渐开
始变得喜欢在黄昏以及夜晚活动。
69．词句猜测题。划线词为代词it，应是代指前文提到的事物，根据前文“Lions normally kill prey (猎
物) themselves, but if they come across a cheetah’s kill, they will try to take it(狮子通常会自己杀死猎物，
但如果它们遇到猎豹的猎物，它们会试图吃掉it)”可知，it应是代指猎豹的猎物。故选B项。
70．推理判断题。根据第二段“Unfortunately for endangered cheetahs, that sets them up for more
potential conflicts with mostly competing animals like lions.(不幸的是，对于濒临灭绝的猎豹来说，这让它
们与狮子等主要竞争动物发生了更多的潜在冲突)”以及第三段“Kasim Rafiq, co-writer of the study, said,
“There’s a greater chance for more unfriendly encounters and less food for the cheetahs.”(该研究的合著者
Kasim Rafiq说：“对猎豹来说，遭遇不友好遭遇的可能性更大，食物也更少。”)”可知，Kasim Rafiq
认为猎豹遭遇不友好遭遇的可能性更大，食物也更少，也就是猎豹将面临与狮子的激烈竞争。故选D项。
71．细节理解题。根据第四段“For the current study, researchers placed GPS devices on 53 large meat-
eating animals—including cheetahs, lions, and African wild dogs. Researchers then recorded their position
s and hours of activity over eight years.(在目前的研究中，研究人员在53种大型食肉动物身上放置了GPS
设备，包括猎豹、狮子和非洲野狗。研究人员随后记录了他们在八年内的位置和活动时间)”可知，目前对
大型食肉动物的研究是通过在他们身上放置定位设备进行的。故选A项。
72．细节理解题。根据第五段“In future research, the scientists plan to use audio-recording devices and
accelerometers (加速度计)—“like a Fit bit for big cats,” said Rafiq. The goal is to document the number of
meetings between large meat-eating animals.(在未来的研究中，科学家们计划使用录音设备和加速度计
——“就像大型猫科动物的Fit bit，”Rafiq说。目的是记录大型食肉动物之间相遇的次数)”可知，科学
家们使用录音设备和加速度计记录大型食肉动物之间相遇的频率。故选D项。
（2024·福建厦门·模拟预测）When you try a new restaurant or book a hotel, do you consider the onlinereviews? Do you submit online reviews yourself? Do you pay attention if they are filtered (过滤)? Does that
impact your own online review submissions?
In 2010, Yelp shared a video to help users understand how its review filter works and why it was necessary.
In recently published research, T. Ravichandran, Ph. D．from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and his team
compared reviews of over 1,000 restaurants on Yelp to those same restaurants on TripAdvisor, which did not
openly share its review filter policies. They found that the number of reviews submitted to Yelp decreased. Those
submissions were increasingly negative and shorter in length compared to TripAdvisor. Also, the more positive a
review, the shorter it was.
“Platforms are pressured to have content guidelines and take measures to prevent fraud (欺诈) and ensure
that reviews are reliable and helpful,” said Ravichandran. Platforms use advanced software to flag and filter
reviews. Once a review is flagged, it is filtered out and not displayed, and it is not factored into the overall rating
for a business. “However, most platforms do not openly disclose their policies, leading consumers to suspect that
reviews are controlled to increase profit by filtering so-called dishonest content,” Ravichandran added.
Whether or not to disclose review filters is a critical decision for platforms with many considerations. Users
may put less time and effort into their reviews if they suspect that they have a significant chance of being filtered,
or they may do the opposite to make their reviews less likely to be filtered. Since most false reviews are overly
positive, users may assume that positive reviews are most likely to be filtered and act accordingly.
“Review moderation(审核) openness comes at a cost,”said Ravichandran. “Although openness helps to
position a platform as fair toward advertisers, the resultant decrease in the number of reviews submitted impacts
the platform’s usefulness to consumers.” Online reviews pose great opportunity for firms, but also raise complex
questions. Platforms must earn the trust of users without sacrificing engagement.
73．What did Ravichandran’s research find?
A．Positive submissions to Yelp went up.
B．TripAdvisor adopted better filter policies.
C．Reviews on TripAdvisor dropped in number.
D．Yelp’s practice discouraged longer reviews.
74．Why do platforms use advanced software for reviews?
A．To increase net profit. B．To protect user privacy.
C．To guarantee review reliability. D．To improve business reputation.
75．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．Users. B．Reviews. C．Considerations. D．Platforms.
76．What is the best title for the text?A．Enhance User Trust Through Review Moderation
B．To Filter Online Reviews? Think Before You Start
C．How Review Moderation Openness Shapes User Conduct
D．Online Reviews: Filter the Fraud, But Don’t Tell Us How
【答案】73．D 74．D 75．B 76．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Yelp公开了其评论过滤，从而导致用户的评论熟练减少，
且提交的内容越来越负面，篇幅越来越短，并说明评论审核公开是需要代价的，因此平台需要在不牺牲
用户参与度的情况下来赢得用户的信任。
73．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“In 2010, Yelp shared a video to help users understand how its review
filter works and why it was necessary. In recently published research, T. Ravichandran, Ph. D. from
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and his team compared reviews of over 1,000 restaurants on Yelp to those
same restaurants on TripAdvisor, which did not openly share its review filter policies. They found that the
number of reviews submitted to Yelp decreased. Those submissions were increasingly negative and shorter
in length compared to TripAdvisor. Also, the more positive a review, the shorter it was.(2010 年，Yelp分享
了一段视频，帮助用户了解其评论过滤器的工作原理以及为什么它是必要的。在最近发表的研究中，
Rensselaer工学院的T. Ravichandran博士和他的团队将Yelp上1000多家餐厅的评论与TripAdvisor上相
同餐厅的评论进行了比较，TripAdvisor没有公开分享其评论过滤政策。他们发现，提交给Yelp的评论数
量有所减少，与TripAdvisor相比，这些提交的内容越来越负面，篇幅也越来越短。此外，评论越积极，
篇幅就越短。)”可知，Yelp在分享了其评论过滤器的工作原理及它的重要性的视频后，提交给Yelp的评
论数量有所减少，且提交的内容越来越负面，篇幅越来越短，故可推知，Yelp的操作阻碍了较长评论的
产生，故选D。
74．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Platforms use advanced software to flag and filter reviews. Once a
review is flagged, it is filtered out and not displayed, and it is not factored into the overall rating for a
business.(平台使用先进的软件来标记和过滤评论。一旦评论被标记了，它就会被过滤而不显示，也就不
会计入企业的整体评价中去。)”可知，平台使用先进的软件是为了标记并过滤一些评论，从而不影响其整
体评价，故最终目的是为了提升企业名声，故选D。
75．词义猜测题。根据文章第四段“Users may put less time and effort into their reviews if they suspect
that they have a significant chance of being filtered, or they may do the opposite to make their reviews less
likely to be filtered.(如果用户怀疑自己的评论很有可能被过滤，他们可能会在评论中投入更少的时间和精
力，或者他们可能会采取相反的做法，使评论不太可能被过滤。)”可知，根据划线词they前文的内容
“their reviews”后文的内容“or they may do the opposite to make their reviews less likely to be filtered.(或者他们可能会采取相反的做法，使评论不太可能被过滤。)”可知，此处的they指代前文的their reviews，
指用户怀疑自己的评论有可能被过滤，故选B。
76．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“In 2010, Yelp shared a video to help users understand how its review
filter works and why it was necessary. In recently published research, T. Ravichandran, Ph. D. from
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and his team compared reviews of over 1,000 restaurants on Yelp to those
same restaurants on TripAdvisor, which did not openly share its review filter policies. They found that the
number of review s submitted to Yelp decreased. Those submissions were increasingly negative and shorter
in length compared to TripAdvisor. Also, the more positive a review, the shorter it was.(2010 年，Yelp分享
了一段视频，帮助用户了解其评论过滤器的工作原理以及为什么它是必要的。在最近发表的研究中，
Rensselaer工学院的T. Ravichandran博士和他的团队将Yelp上1000多家餐厅的评论与TripAdvisor上相
同餐厅的评论进行了比较，TripAdvisor没有公开分享其评论过滤政策。他们发现，提交给Yelp的评论数
量有所减少，与TripAdvisor相比，这些提交的内容越来越负面，篇幅也越来越短。此外，评论越积极，
篇幅就越短。)”可知，文章主要介绍了Yelp公开了其评论过滤，从而导致用户的评论熟练减少，且提交
的内容越来越负面，篇幅越来越短，并说明评论审核公开是需要代价的，故 C项“评论审核开放如何造
就用户的行为”符合文章标题，故选C。
（2024·重庆·二模）In 1835, William Talbot finally succeeded in producing a photograph of his country
house. He declared that his was the first house ever known to have drawn its own picture. The drawing was
formed “by the action of light upon sensitive paper. ” Photography offered nature a “pencil” to paint herself
through optical (光学的) and chemical means alone.
By the mid-nineteenth century, people no longer needed to hire a draftsman to draw detailed images
because the process could be completed instantly with a camera. Advocates for the technology stated that not only
was it more precise than the human hand-it was faster and cheaper.
The removal of human fallibility in the creating process was one of photography’s biggest selling points,
but this also started debates about the new medium’s implications for visual culture. Could images made largely
by a machine be considered art? If so, where did human creativity fit in this process?
As the twenty-first century becomes increasingly automated (自动化的), more and more people attempt to
identify where human agency exists in the technologically driven world. Images generated with artificial
intelligence by companies like OpenAI are stimulating questions like those that emerged with the coming of the
photograph. By typing a sentence, users can generate “new” images composed from images collected across the
internet. The result has been a flood of AI-generated images in places that are previously unique to human authors.
Painting competitions, commercial graphic design and the fashion of portraiture (肖像) have all since collidedwith the technology in troubling ways.
The fine arts were thought to be a final hold-out of human creativity, but the surprisingly high quality of AI-
generated images is producing deeper questions about the nature of originality. If the history of photography tells
us anything, it’s that the debate won’t be settled quickly, straightforwardly or by the institutions we typically
associate with cultural gatekeeping.
77．Why did Talbot declare that his house had drawn its own picture?
A．To downplay human factors in the creation. B．To investigate a supernatural phenomenon.
C．To show his advanced knowledge in science. D．To demonstrate the beauty of his country house.
78．What does the word “it” underlined in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The photo of Talbot’s house. B．The image by a draftsman.
C．The technology of a camera. D．The paper sensitive to light.
79．What do OpenAI and cameras have in common?
A．They improve the taste of beauty. B．They advocate fashion designs.
C．They challenge human agency. D．They produce original images.
80．What did the author indicate by referring to the history of photography?
A．Cultural gatekeepers will solve the issue as they did.
B．AI-generated images will go through a similar debate.
C．The nature of originality will be held in human hands.
D．The fine arts will include photography and AI images.
【答案】77．A 78．C 79．C 80．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人工智能可以代替人类进行作画，其出现引起了人们的讨论
类似于当初摄影的出现。
77．推理判断题。根据第一段“He declared that his was the first house ever known to have drawn its own
picture. The drawing was formed “by the action of light upon sensitive paper. ” Photography offered nature
a “pencil” to paint herself through optical (光学的) and chemical means alone.(他宣称他的房子是已知的第
一个自己画房子的房子。这幅画是“光在感光纸上的作用”形成的。摄影为大自然提供了一支“铅笔”
仅通过光学和化学手段为自己作画)”可知，塔尔博特宣称他的房子画了自己的画是为了淡化创作中的人为
因素。故选A。
78．词句猜测题。根据第二段“By the mid-nineteenth century, people no longer needed to hire a
draftsman to draw detailed images because the process could be completed instantly with a camera.(到19
世纪中期，人们不再需要聘请绘图员来绘制详细的图像，因为这个过程可以用相机立即完成)”以及划线词
后文“more precise than the human hand-it was faster and cheaper”可知，照相机的技术不仅比人手更精确，而且更快、更便宜。故划线词指的是“照相机的技术”，故选C。
79．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“As the twenty-first century becomes increasingly automated (自动化
的), more and more people attempt to identify where human agency exists in the technologically driven
world. Images generated with artificial intelligence by companies like OpenAI are stimulating questions
like those that emerged with the coming of the photograph.(随着二十一世纪变得越来越自动化，越来越多
的人试图确定人类在技术驱动的世界中的作用。OpenAI等公司用人工智能生成的图像引发了一些问题，
就像照片出现时出现的那些问题一样)”可知，OpenAI和相机的共同之处在于都挑战了人类的作用。故选
C。
80．推理判断题。根据最后一段“If the history of photography tells us anything, it’s that the debate won’t
be settled quickly, straightforwardly or by the institutions we typically associate with cultural gatekeeping.
(如果说摄影的历史告诉了我们什么，那就是这场争论不会很快、直截了当地得到解决，也不会由我们通
常与文化把关联系在一起的机构来解决)”可推知，作者提到摄影的历史是想说明人工智能生成的图像将经
历类似的辩论。故选B。
