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考点 15 阅读理解
阅读理解之猜测词义（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
词义猜测之猜测词义
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ 29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in 猜测单词的意
卷]C Paragraph 3 mean? 思
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in 猜测短语的意
卷]C Paragraph 2 mean? 思
【2023年1月·浙江 24．What do the underlined words “jump on that 猜测短语的意
卷】B bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph? 思
【2023年1月·浙江 29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in 猜测单词的意
卷】C paragraph 2 refer to? 思
[2023·全国甲卷]B 24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in 猜测短语的意
Paragraph 1?
思
[2023·全国乙卷]D 34.What does the underlined word “conversation” 猜测单词的意
in Paragraph 3 refer to?
思
2022 2022·新高考I卷 What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in 猜测单词的意
paragraph 7? 思
2022·全国高考乙卷 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in 猜测单词的意
paragraph 3 refer to? 思
2022 年新高考全国 24．What do the underlined words “hit home 猜测短语的意
Ⅱ卷 for me” mean in paragraph 2? 思
2022·全国甲卷 28. Which of the following best explains “take the 猜测短语的意
plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? 思
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! 猜测单词的意
Safe!” probably mean? 思
2021 年新高考 I 卷 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” 猜测单词的意
之C篇 mean in the first paragraph? 思
2021 年全国乙卷之 25. What does the underlined word “concede” 猜测单词的意
B篇 in paragraph 3 mean? 思
2021年新高考II卷 25. What do the underlined words “get up to 猜测短语的意
之B篇 mischief” mean in paragraph 3? 思
2. 命题规律及备考策略
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中猜测词义的考点考查了14次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章部分内容来猜测词义。猜测词义的考查类型：1.单个单词的意思；2.考查短语的意思；3.考查句子的
意思；4.考查代词的意思；5.考查熟词生意；6.考查生词生意。
【备考策略】系统归类猜测词义的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的猜测词义，考查考生推测词义的能力、培养学生整体把握文章内容，不拘泥于细节，对于
生词可以通过上下文理解其含义。因此，猜测词义还将在2024年高考中出现。
【2024年高考命题预测】
词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有猜测单词的意思题以考查
学生的猜测词义能力。预测在2024高考中，猜测单词的意思会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【词义猜测之猜测单词的意思考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7?
2． What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
3． The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________?
4．What do the underlined words “......” probably mean?
规律方法 如何解决猜测词义题？
此类题目有的可利用构词法来解答，首先要弄明白构词法的三种形式：派生法、转
化法和合成法，现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已
知部分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
1. [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and
why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,
starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before
moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This
process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then
add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things
you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on
an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’
stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital
minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a
collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a
toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
( )29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A.Clear-up.
B.Add-on.
C.Check-in.
D.Take-over.
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in
San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former
national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and
prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles
will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical
engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows
what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least
intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of
rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a
computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for
humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a
string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the
symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social
memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why,
however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with
artificial intelligence.
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
3.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do
it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has
not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies
recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in
many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first
conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have
scientific reports and the captains record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)
dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things
to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom
appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history
told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies
such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half
of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.
( )34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Problem.
B.History.
C.Voice.
D.Society.
1.【江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】
Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”.It is usually used to describe a peaceful period
just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to become
static and the winds would drop.
But why is it often so calm before a storm?
Science has given us the answer. According to US infotainment (资讯娱乐) website How Stuff Works, a calm period
occurs because many storms, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air from the surrounding
area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
Once the storm has taken all the energy it can from the air, it is pushed out from the top of the storm clouds and falls
back down to ground level. As the air descends, it becomes warm and dry. Warm, dry air is stable, so once it covers an area,
it causes a calm period before the storm.
This same process also causes the “eye of the storm” in hurricanes and tornadoes. In these conditions, the calm occurs
in the center of the storm because of the strong rotating winds.
The Weather Network has a tip for working out how far away a storm is.First, count how many seconds there are
between a flash of lightning and a clap of thunder. Roughly three seconds equal one kilometer. So, for example, if you count
nine seconds, the storm is about 3 kilometers away. A good evaluation is that if your count is below 30 seconds, you should
seek shelter straight away.
However, due to the complexity of storm system, not all storms are preceded by calm. Given the right conditions, some
storms announce themselves with heavy rain and chilling winds.
So, your best bet is to keep yourself updated with weather reports for any predictions regarding a coming storm in your
area. That’s the most reliable and sensible way to predict the next display of nature’s temper.
28．The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A．violent B．quiet C．fast-changing D．warm
2.【河北省邯郸市十校联考】
Curtin University research has found a simple and affordable method to determine which chemicals and types of
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】metals are best used to store and supply energy, in a breakthrough for any battery-run devices and technologies relying on
the fast and reliable supply of electricity, including smart phones and tablets.
Lead author Associate Professor Simone Ciampi from Curtin’s School of Molecular and Life Sciences said this easy,
low-cost method of determining how to produce and keep the highest energy charge in a capacitor (电容器). could be of
great benefit to all scientists, engineers and start-ups looking to solving the energy storage challenges of the future.
“All electronic devices require an energy source. While a battery needs to be recharged over time, a capacitor can be
charged instantly because it stores energy by separating charged ions (离子), found in ionic liquids,” Ciampi said.
There are thousands of types of ionic liquids, a type of “liquid salt”, and until now, it was difficult to know which
would be best suited for use in a capacitor. What our team has done is designing a quick and easy test, able to be performed
in a basic lab, which can measure both the ability to store charge when a solid electrode touches a given ionic liquid—a
simple capacitor—as well as the stability of the device when charged.
“The simplicity this test means anyone can apply it without the need for expensive equipment. Using this method,
researchers found that charging the device for 60 seconds produced a full charge, which did not ‘leak’ (渗漏) and begin to
diminish for at least four days,” Mr Belotti said.
The next step is to use this new screening method to find ionic liquid with an even longer duration in the charged state
and larger energy density.
14．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 5 probably mean？
A．Charge. B．Develop.
C．Expand. D．Decrease.
【词义猜测之猜测短语的意思考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1.What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2?
2．Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2?
3．What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3?
4．What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph?
规律方法2：如何解决猜测短语题?
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出
现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three
hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long
before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of
shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between
different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for
relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,
deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the
subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for
artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From
a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-
reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed,
perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information
we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Understand.
B.Paint.
C.Seize.
D.Transform.
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and
I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along
the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change
in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came
back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own
bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start
personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the
cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on
what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your
words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
3.[2023·全国甲卷]
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money. She
says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house.
It took weeks and was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing
any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always like to
personalise my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any
charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more than half
of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project
will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth wish to increase the
value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading
the charge.
( )24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
4.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have
reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger
and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at
night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and
sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given
financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents
really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project
can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help
connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
