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题型突破 03 选词填空之钓鱼方略
（核心考点精讲精练）
【近年真题考点分布】
年份 词汇填空
2023上海春考 名词考查4；动词考查4；形容词考查3；其中构词法0
2022上海春考 名词考查4；动词考查3；形容词考查3；其中构词法1
2021上海春考 名词考查2；动词考查6；形容词考查2；其中构词法2；分词2
2020上海春考 名词考查3；动词考查3；形容词考查2；副词考查2；其中构词法1
选词填空题文体以说明文为主
题材内容以科普文为主，但内容各不相同，覆盖人文、健康、科技、气候、概念等方方面面。
【思维导图】
【知识梳理】（一）词汇分析
2021年春考
A.applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascination E. back-seal F. stuck
G. stand H. promoter I. hook J. dominant K. empowered
2021年秋考
A. allow B.bothering C. gap D. inaccessible E. inefficient F. jumped
G.customized H. place I. purchase J. skipping K. strategies
2022年春考
A. characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E issue F. integration
G. hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
2022年秋考
A pursuits B.interests C.comparable D.innovation E.schedule
F.options G.realization H routes I.subjects J.recipes K.motivated
2023年春考
A. digesting B.distinction C.examine D.identical E.intervening F.live
G. mixture H.perspective I.shock J. space K. texting
2023年秋考
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polarization D.promising E.bogged
F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词；
动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。
名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练
掌握。
副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。
每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。
（二）解题步骤
第一步，判断方框内单词词性。有多个词性的都标出来，不确定词性的先不标。doing和done可以不标。
第二步，略读抓中心。
略读文章，细读文章首句，快速掌握文章的主题词与了解文章大致内容。
第三步，填词入空。分为三小步：
1、确认空处可填词性，
2、同性词筛选，
3、按逻辑关系代入确认答案。
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there
is one word more than you need.
Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most
people’s lives had a certain ___11___. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting.
Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your
career.
But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new world requires a different sort
of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.
Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure
out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead
collective action and then ___13___ adapt as situations change.
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created
an app, called Haus, that allows people to ___14___ with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ___15___
everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics
and work together.
To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive
empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in
___16___ circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.
It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only
hire people who can ___17___ problems and organize responses.
Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules
and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course,
those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.The central ___18___ of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says,
society realized it needed universal ___19___. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to
make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.
Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ___20___ shift can be promoted. It turns
out that successful movements take similar steps.
（上海市闵行(文绮)中学 2023-2024学年高三下学期5月月考英语试题）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note
that there is one word more than you need.
A．advances B．automation C． combed D．comprehensive E. filled
F. generated G. modest H. prior I. thinned J. underlie K. unearth
Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the net balance between these two things? Until
now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an
answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940.The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost
to machine 1 , and how many have been generated through “augmentation(增强),” in which technology
creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than
it has 2 .
“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades,
from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades 3 ,” says Autor.However, that finding is only one of the
study’s 4 .The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an
analysis of thousands of U.S.censusjob categories in relation to a(n) 5 look at the text of U.S. patents over
the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, toquantifythe effects of technology over both job loss and
job creation.
The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been
created since 1940.To determine this, Autor and his colleagues 6 through about 35,000 job categories,
tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every
U.S. patent filed since 1920. That allowed them to 7 links between new technologies and their effects on
employment.
From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter(排字工人) tended to
get automated. But at the same time, more workers — 8 roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers
and department heads, and civil and space engineers. From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers andmachinists, among others, have been 9 by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and
systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.
Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice
as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period.There was a more 10 , and positive, change
in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.
（一）
（2024年宝山区二模）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that
there is one word more than you need.
A. process B. impacting C. appearance D. linked E. assessment F. costly
G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed
Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco
products, such as cigarettes, have been ___31___ to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart
disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking
before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the ___32___ smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this
change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.
Despite being ___33___ as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still
considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating ___34___ used in these
products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) ___35___
addictive substance.
HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young
people from experimenting with HTPs and ___36___ their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of
tobacco product by adding a health risk ___37___ review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process
are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.
The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers ___38___ and encourage them to quit. Quitting
tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing
problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your ___39___. Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth.
Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and
smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.
Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including
nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive
social environments, coping strategies and professional help are ___40___ for overcoming these things and living
a smoke-free life.（二）
（2024年崇明区二模）
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can
only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. activate B. amounted C. compared D. energetic E. guidelines F. identify
G. image H. influenced I. respects J. review K. substantial
Exercise Can Help Prevent Depression, Study Finds
How often do you exercise? A new ___31___ from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those
who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.
The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate
activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of ___32___ aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week or some
combination of the two.
Adults who took a walk for what ___33___ to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop depression than
those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t
exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated
with a(n) ___34___ decrease in risks of depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies with nearly
200,000 participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an 18%
lower risk of depression ___35___ with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who exercised the
recommended amount had a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not. Exercising more than the
recommended amount hardly ____36____ depression risk, according to researchers.
Many ___37___ of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can increase
circulation (血液循环) to the brain and ___38___ the central nervous system, leading to what many refer to as a
“runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body ___39___,
which can cause a person to be more social, researchers say.
Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in every 9 cases of depression
might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise ____40____, the study says.
（2018上海春考）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there
is one word more than you need.
A. address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally
G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept
Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy todefend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to
structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the
ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture.
Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in
1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified
key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed
the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English
___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks.
Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles.
In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations.
Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control
over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath
the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would
___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers
in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding
areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the
lord's strength.
（2023年1月·上海高考真题）
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once.
Note that there is one word more than you need.
B. digesting B.distinction C.examine D.identical E.intervening F.live
G. mixture H.perspective I.shock J. space K. texting
Communication-a Thing of the Past?
We all think we communicate all the time, and that's true. There's also non-verbal communication you could
add into the mix--everything we're saying when we're not saying anything. But there’s a (n) (31 ) _______between
saying things to people, or liking and sharing a post on social media, and communication. I'm quite well connected-
there's Twitter Facebook,Instagram, Snapchat, email, iEverything (!), but sometimes communication starts to feel
like a chore. Check this blog post, read that article someone shared, (32) __________back to someone else, and
answer their question.. . Sometimes I feel like a cross between Siri and a mad juggler. Nothing seems to go in and
I'm always mixing people up--asking someone how their band is going when they can’t play an instrument or how
the job search is going when someone’s just written to say how depressed they are that they can't find a job.
So it was quite a ( n ) (33 )__________ to spend New Year in the Highlands in Scotland with no phone signal,
no internet and no "Communication”at all, apart from with the people I was with. Suddenly all the pressure to
communicate disappeared. All of our conversations became slower,more inverted and far more interesting. We were agroup of 12,a ( n)(34)__________of couples and friends, only one of whom I was at university with, so I was meeting
a bunch of new people for the first time. Our conversations veered towards the banal and the humdrum in that we
often discussed our plans for the day and what we were going to cook in the evening, but often they went a lot farther
and a lot deeper. Tucked up on the leather sofas, (35 )__________dinner, we dissected Brexit and one person even
changed their (36 )__________entirely! We shared ideas and theories , plots of books and plays and city trips we'd been
on, described family troubles and gave advice, listened to work scenarios and offered pointers, and we had to talk
and sketch and use words more than ever before , because you couldn't say, "It's a great film, you should google it
later. " Some of us even had sore throats from talking so much! In such a short ( 37 )__________of time, due to the
proximity of sharing interconnected cottages and verbal communication, I felt much closer to the new people I'd met
and been speaking with than some other people I communicate with in my normal life.
I don't think our common, current methods of communication come close to being in a small house with lots of
people and having to communicate (38 )__________. The brevity of Twitter, the showiness of Facebook, all these
aspects contribute to a shallow form of communication that doesn't challenge you to ( 39 )__________your feelings
and motives enough. "Liking” something is an instant response but what does it really say about your opinion of
something? It's a (n) (40)__________response to millions of other people, whereas you and your thoughts are unique.
If we're not careful , perhaps we might forget how to communicate on a deeper level.
