文档内容
题型二 七选五
目录
一、考情解读.........................................................................................................1
二、命题分析预测.................................................................................................1
三、聚焦核心素养.................................................................................................1
四、 析考情题型突破............................................................................................1
五、考法解题能力提升..........................................................................................7
六、精选考点题型专练..........................................................................................8
一、考情解读
1.七选五主要考查考生对文章的结构、内容以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题思
路体现了新《课程标准》"用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力;逐步获取用英语思维的能
力"的理念。
2.七选五侧重考查考生以下几个方面的语用能力:对文章脉络层次的理解能力,对事实信息和
情节发展的理解能力,对作者的写作意图、态度和观点的理解能力等。
二、命题分析预测
1.题材以说明文为主,
语篇模式较为固
定,即Introduction(引出话题)—Body(对该话题从不同方面展开说明—Summary/
Conclusion(结尾总结)。文章选材与考生的日常学习、生活密切相关。
2.命题形式包括阐释句、细节支撑句、衔接过渡句、主旨概括句等,主要考查篇章结构、行
文逻辑、段落主旨和上下文的过渡衔接。
三、聚焦核心素养七选五主要围绕考生的语言能力、思维品质和阅读素养进行考查,考查考生从宏观角度整体
把握语篇、深入理解文意的能力,侧重对思辨能力的考查。
四、 析考情题型突破
一 考情概况
该题型要求从短文后给出的七个选项(多数为完整的句子)中选出五个能填入空白处的最佳
选项,主要考查考生对文章的整体理解以及对语篇结构和行文逻辑的把握。选材通常以说明
文为主,间或出现记叙文和议论文。所选短文的词数约300(选项词数为40—90)。空处可能
在段首、段中或段末,也可能是段落标题。近几年,高考试题逐渐减少了对段落标题的考查,
使得试题的难度有所增加。但总的来说,试题难度适中,稳中有变,突出考查考生的逻辑思维
能力。
研究近几年试题可知,七选五要求考生不仅要具备语篇和词汇知识,还要具备分析、归纳等能
力。试题中主旨句一般考查1—2个,细节句1—3个,衔接过渡句1—2个。所选材料话题新
颖,贴近考生生活,具有浓厚的时代气息。
二 命题特点
设空类型一般可分为细节句(上下文逻辑意义)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和主旨概括句(主题
句、段落标题)三类:
1.细节句通常出现在段中,考查的是段落内部句子之间,特别是前后句之间的逻辑关系。
2.衔接过渡句通常出现在首段的结尾或段落中间。
3.主旨概括句的设空位置一般在段首,对段落主题句进行考查。有时也会考查文章主旨句,文
章主旨句往往概括了全文的大意。
三 解题步骤
1.通读全文,掌握大意,初识庐山真面目
在阅读过程中,要注意文章的首段与末段,尤其是文章的首段末句及末段末句,因为"开门见
山"与"结尾总结"的写作方式较为常见。首段的末句通常是主题句,引出本文将探讨的内容,
并简要点明文章的写作思路。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题具有重要意义,如果它是
文章的主题句,就能让读者迅速明确文章情节将如何展开,并对文章的写作主题有整体的了
解。如果首段的末句不是主题句,则要继续寻找。这时,我们可以考虑文章的写作方式可能
是"结尾总结"式,如两者均可排除,则可以在
文章其他段落中寻找主题句,但要注意首段与末段的提示作用。
2.详读段落,敲定关键词,把握段落主旨文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会围绕整篇文章的写作主题来展开,对文章主题
进行不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词,明确其描述内容,为解答段落主旨类试题
做好铺垫。
3.利用写作线索,分析上下文语境,敲定选项
在定位选项时,要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意
义。将所选的选项放入空格处,看看是否与上下文构成语意及逻辑上的直接关系,是否符合该
处语境,能否承接前后的写作线索,使文章无论在内容还是衔接上都能通顺。
一篇文章作为一个整体,是有其写作的线索与思路的。文章的写作线索与思路的连贯使文章
的每个段落、每个句子甚至每个短语均融为一体,因此在定位选项时,尤其要注意文章的写作
线索与思路。如果放入选项后,发现文章写作线索中断或是前后矛盾,应更换其他选项。
4.代入已敲定选项,通读复检,确定答案
在完成选项定位后,应通读全文,检查文章内容是否完整,语意是否连贯、合理,各段落内容是
否紧扣主题,语篇结构是否连贯、是否具有一致性并合乎逻辑,写作思路是否清晰明了,格式
以及用语是否恰当贴切,从而判断选择的选项是否正确。同时,考生还应对相近选项进行对比
分析,个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近而具有很强的干扰性,这时考生应认真分
析、仔细甄别、排除干扰,从而选出正确答案。
Passage 1
A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it...to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out
of reach. 36 Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
● 37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you
follow them?Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better
幻灯片14
than theirs?Know that your life is your own; you are the only you in this world.
●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our
shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mistakes, time and time
again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a
compassionate(有同情心) response? "That didn't go as planned.But, I tried my best."
●Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to
look at strength before
weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39
●Now that you've listed your strengths, list your imperfections.Turn the page in your
journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you don't feel good enough.Now, read these
words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and
achievements.See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F. Stop comparing yourself with others.
G. When does the comparison game start?
命题分析
▶素养解读
本文主要介绍了学会自我接纳的四个建议,倡导自尊自信、乐观向上的人生态度,有助于考生
认识自我、丰富自我、完善自我,成为全面发展的具有高素质的公民。
▶试题分析
挖空设置既有过渡句、主旨句,又有细节句,设计合理,分布均匀。选项设置没有半句。
庖丁解牛
▶重难词汇
empower vt. 增加(某人的)自主权;授权
imperfection n.缺点;瑕疵
▶词块积累
a handful of少数,几个 be ashamed of 因……感到羞愧
time and time again 一再,总是 get caught up in陷入; 被卷入
as planned按照计划
▶难句突破
句式分析:句中含有rather than(而不是)短语,介词in之后是how引导的宾语从句。
句意:与其纠结于你本可以怎样做得更好,为什么不给自己一个富有同情心的回应呢?
解题思路
36.B 考查过渡句。由空前内容可知我们都想接受并爱自己,但有时似乎太困难,太遥不可及。空后一句"Here's a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction"表示下文是介绍
了一些方法,由此可知,B项"你从哪里开始呢"是对前句提出问题,并过渡到下文提供四个解决
问题的办法,符合逻辑。
37.F 考查主旨句。作者在本段提出不要效仿他人,因为"your life is better than theirs" "your
life is your own;you are the only you in this world",由此可知,F项(停止与他人作比较)符合语
境。
38.D 考查细节句。由本段第一句可知,本段讲的是原谅自己所犯的错。
由空后一句"你会一次又一次地犯错"可知,空处应是为犯错误作出的解释,故D项 (记住,你只
是人) 符合语境。
39.C 考查细节句。本段主要讲要认识到自己的优点并列举出自己的成就。由空前一
句"You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today"可知,再小的事也应庆祝,C
项中的"small"和
" celebrate"分别对应空前的"got out of bed today"和"accomplishments and achievements"。故
选 C。
40.A 考查过渡句。根据空前的"list your imperfections" "read these words back to yourself",
再结合空后内容可知,阅读描写自己缺点的词会使自己感到沮丧,故A项符合语境。
Passage 2
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to "go out and get some fresh air." 36 According to
recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
37 If the air you're breathing is clean — which it would be if you're away from the
smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of
doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more
oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing
(治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns
out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put
people into a better mood (情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches
out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky
instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
40 While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficialVitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on
sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and
that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
命题分析
▶素养解读
本文介绍了呼吸新鲜空气,接近大自然有益身心健康,将健康观念和意识传递给考生,引导考
生健康生活。该语篇结构性较强,主要考查考生分析和把握语篇上下文逻辑关系和意义的能
力,很好地考查了考生的语言能力和思维品质。
▶试题新变化
选项设置没有沿袭2018年全国Ⅰ"三个半句+四个整句"的模式,而是回归七个整句的设题模
式,打破了人们的猜题定式。
庖丁解牛
▶熟词生义
age 常见义:n. 年龄;时代 本文义:v. 使变老
▶词块积累
turn out结果是,证明是
put sb. into a better mood使某人的情绪好转
▶难句突破
句式分析:句首为If引导的条件状语从句,第二个if引导的从句在which引导的定语从句中作
条件状语。主句为"then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen"。
句意:如果你远离城市的雾霾,你呼吸的空气就会是清新的,空气里满是赋予生命的、使人充
满活力的氧气。
解题思路
36.E 考查过渡句。上句提到人们告诉我们出去呼吸一些新鲜空气,下句中的关键信息"theanswer is a big YES"是对某个问题作出的回答,由此可判断空处应是一个一般疑问句,故E
项"But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?"符合语境。
37.A 考查主旨句。通读此段可知,呼吸清新的室外空气使身体受益。因此A项"新鲜空气
清洁我们的肺"符合语境。
38.G 考查细节句。上句提到人们已经开始研究自然界和治愈之间的联系,G项"在全国范围
内,康复中心已经开始建设康复花园"是对上句的
延伸,且下句中的"these places"指代的就是G项中的"Healing Gardens"。我们可以根据意义和
词语指代这两个方面来解此题。
39.C 考查细节句。前文提到"Greenery is good for us",C项解释了绿色植物对人有益,且与下
句"It gives us a great feeling of peace"在意思上衔接。
40.D 考查主旨句。本段陈述了阳光对人体的好处,因此段落主题句应为D项"呼吸新鲜空
气的另一个附带好处是阳光"。
五、考法解题能力提升
考法1 考查篇章结构
命题透视 近年的高考命题已经由"知识立意""能力立意"转向"素养立意"。高考不仅考
查考生的语言能力,而且考查考生的交际素养、学习能力和思辨能力。把握篇章结构和整体
理解语篇是抓住文章主旨大意的重要方法,因此命题人把考查考生对篇章结构的把握能力作
为重要的命题方向。
方法点拨 不同的英语文体有着不同的语篇结构、写作目的和语言特点。掌握各种英语
文体的篇章结构特点是解题的常用方法。高考阅读理解七选五通常为说明文,其常见篇章结
构有"总—分"和"总—分—总"两种形式。无论哪种形式,一般第一部分为导语段,旨在把读者
的注意力引到即将讨论的话题上,第一段通常含有主题句,暗示下文的内容;第二部分作者从
不同方面对某个问题展开论述;第三部分是结论段,针对前文的内容进行总结,或得出结论。
在解题过程中,考生如果认真阅读短文,把握篇章结构,找到段落之间的关系,就能锁定解题的
关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。
考法2 考查上下文的逻辑
命题透视 阅读理解七选五的命题点除了关注语篇层面,还重点关注段内层次,即句际关
系,这些句际关系是语意连贯不可或缺的逻辑关系。上下文的逻辑关系是历年阅读理解七选
五试题的必考点,也是广大考生掌握不好、容易丢分的地方,因此应认真对待。
方法点拨 一般来说,英语文章的逻辑性非常强。逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用,能表明句子之间、段落之间逻辑关系的衔接性词语有以下几种:
因果关系:so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result等。
条件关系:as/so long as, on condition that, if, unless等。
并列关系:and, or, also, as well as, both...and...等。
顺序关系:first(ly), second(ly), third(ly)...; first, next, then...; in the first place, in the second
place...等。
转折关系:however, nevertheless, still, though, yet, otherwise等。
对比关系:on the contrary, by contrast, in/by comparison, conversely等。
层递关系:also, further, furthermore, even, besides, moreover, in addition, what's more等。
列举关系:for example, for instance等。
考生在解题过程中抓住这些逻辑关系线索词,就能掌握解题的关键线索,从而顺利选出答案。
考法3 考查行文的连贯性
命题透视 随着英语学科核心素养在教学中的逐步落实,高考试题逐步加大对考生思维
品质的考查力度。对阅读理解七选五试题来说,主要考查语篇的衔接和连贯性,命题人通常从
语法角度(如替代)、词汇角度(如复现)、语篇的语义关联角度等进行命题。
方法点拨 为了使行文连贯和流畅,作者通常使用不同的衔接手段,例如:词汇衔接、逻辑
衔接和结构衔接。一般来说,阅读理解七选五中的正确选项与文中空白处的前后句存在着词
汇的复现关系,它们之间的语义衔接关系表现为词汇复现、上下义词、并列句和对比句等。
解题时,我们应从关注语言的连贯性、词汇衔接和结构衔接入手,从而找到突破口。
六、精选考点题型专练
Passage 1
Are you an angry bird? When you’re angry, your body becomes tense. 1 Here are some
other simple tricks to chill out and think when you get angry.
2 Think like a detective and track down clues to the kinds of situations, people, and
events that set off your anger. Once you’re aware of them, try to avoid them if possible.Even if
you can’t get away from them, at least you’ll have more time to prepare for them so they don’t
affect you so negatively. You can also think of the situation as an opportunity to practice not
getting mad.
Go for a walk.When you get really angry, walk away from the source. A 5-minute walk
outside or another calming activity like yoga can be both great strategies for dealing with anger. Ifyour anger arises from the traffic jam you’re stuck in, turn up the radio and sing at the top of your
voice. 3
Write letters. 4 So if you’re trying to calm down fast, grab your journal and write your
feelings all out. You can simply write your own feelings or try writing a letter to the person who
upsets you. You never have to send it and just writing it will help you feel better.
Talk about your anger.It’s not just writing that helps relieve anger. 5 The trick is not to
unload your anger on the person making you upset but to release your pressure by talking with a
neutral(中立的) friend, family member, or specialist. A neutral observer can bring reasonable
judgment to the situation. You can even try talking out loud to yourself about it.
Now that you’ve learned how to keep your anger in check, try some of these little changes
that will make you a happier person.
A. Control your temper.
B. Understand your anger.
C. Expressing it orally can also calm you down greatly.
D. Writing out your feelings really does help you feel better.
E. The idea is to create a mental or physical escape from the situation.
F. Deep breathing is just one of the ways you can instantly turn a bad mood around.
G. Exercise can help people lower their levels of anger and other negative emotions.
Passage 2
Being able to communicate effectively with others is an essential skill for people of all ages.
1 People who want to develop those skills can learn how to do this from self-help books,
workshops, and the advice of other people.
2 Active listening involves a person listening carefully and attentively to the person
speaking, restating what the other person has said — or what comes across — in a brief and
nonjudgmental manner. 3 Becoming effective at active listening is one way to increase trust
and understanding in a relationship, whether it is a personal or professional one.
Another tip for developing and improving interpersonal communication skills is to use
feedback on different types of communication. Before giving speeches and presentations, it isalways well advised to practice them before an audience and to ask for feedback before giving the
real speech or presentation. 4
It is also essential in developing communication skills to use appropriate body language and
eye contact. 5 For example, using direct eye contact and body language that indicates
openness, such as uncrossed arms, can help to get across that a person is ready and willing to
listen and to speak openly.
A. It is essential to learn how to communicate politely.
B. These nonverbal signals can convey the true feelings.
C. Most people can benefit from improving their communication skills.
D. Practicing active listening doesn’t mean people have to employ it continuously.
E. This kind of listening focuses more on understanding than on giving advice.
F. By doing so, we can ensure the messages are easily understood and come across as intended.
G. One of the best tips for developing communication skills is to learn and practice effective
listening.
Passage 3
Tips on Learning a New Language Before Travelling
Whenever you travel to a foreign place, it is helpful to know a bit of the local language. 1
But speaking the local language shows you care and it will help you mix with the locals easily. To
learn a language, you do not have to take full-time classes. You can follow some of the tips to pick
up some basics quickly before that trip.
Practise. The more you study the language, the better. 2 Think of it as learning an
instrument or training for a marathon. The amount of time you’ll need depends on the language
you’re learning, how often you practise and your learning style.
3 One good way to practise is to use the language you’re learning. And who is better to
speak a language with than a native speaker who can train you better and correct your mistakes?
Find one on the Internet or in real life and strike up a conversation with him or her. There are
some free language exchange websites where you can find native speakers to practise with. 4
Download a language app. Your app store offers a large number of options for language
learning. Apps like Duolingo or HiNative can help you to learn languages quickly. 5 But
they are not necessarily the best choice if you’re short of time and trying to master the basics.
They can also help a lot when you’re struggling to communicate while on vacation.A. Speak to native speakers.
B. Constantly use the language.
C. You can also find a private class to attend.
D. Trips can help make the process fun and easy.
E. Learning a language doesn’t happen overnight.
F. Those apps can help you learn the language effectively.
G. You may not know how to pronounce the words correctly.
Passage 4
The Value of Honesty
According to a common saying, "Honesty is the best policy." 1 Lying often seems like
a good way to impress people or avoid blame for mistakes. Some people lie out of habit, without
even realizing they’re doing it. But despite all these, honesty is really worth the effort.
2 There’s always a chance that the person you lied to will find out the truth. Is the gain
from lying really worth the risk? Lies are also difficult to hide because they are harder to
remember than the truth. If you make up a story, you have to remember all the details. 3 But
if you commit to telling the truth, you will never have trouble remembering. This saves you effort
and makes conversations less stressful for you.
Another obvious reason for avoiding lying is that lying can harm others. 4 And a lie
about someone else could destroy that person’s reputation. On a personal level, if your friends find
out you lied to them, their feelings will be hurt.
On the other hand, if you always tell the truth, you will develop a reputation for honesty. 5
Business deals, friendships and family relationships all depend on trust.
Honesty, however, doesn’t mean that you have to say everything you think. Sometimes it’s
best to remain silent if your words might hurt someone else. Honesty means that when you speak,
you tell the truth without holding any information back. When you do that, you will feel more
relaxed and enjoy stronger relationships.
A. Be honest because you love yourself.
B. But in daily life, honesty can be difficult.
C. This will help you in every area of your life.
D. When you’re honest, you don’t feel so lost all the time.
E. One obvious reason for honesty is that it is difficult to keep lying.F. And the more lies you tell, the more stories you have to remember.
G. People who believe your lies might make bad decisions because of them.
Passage 5
Were you to give a presentation with no facial expression and no body language, what do you
think the reaction of your audience would be? 1 you are not supposed to expect your
listeners to enjoy your performance.
2 It is that if you treat your audience as if you were in a conversation, their reaction to
you will be positive. As a consequence, if you smile, they will smile. It is a given(假设事实).
3 They will feel more in tune with those that directly reach out to them and hold their
hands, guide them, share their experience and involvement with something, and make them feel
that they’re the only people that those people are talking to at that given time.
How can you make your audience agree with you? 4 Your role as a speaker is to create
trust and honesty not just with your words but in the way you deliver those words. It is important
to recognize that when you have a wonderful message to share with your audience, unless they
believe in you, then your words are useless. The desire of your audience to agree with you can
only occur when they believe in you.
This is what happens when you are opening up to your audience honestly. They are getting to
know you on a certain level. 5 The people who want you to solve their problems must first
trust in your ability and credibility.
A. If you are not a comedian,
B. Most audiences like touchpoints.
C. How can you start a conversation?
D. What is amazing about good public speaking?
E. Even though you can be successful as a speaker,
F. While you are doing so, you are building their trust in you.
G. Your tone of the presentation sets the stage for a reaction of your audience.
Passage 6
For many of us, nothing is better than burying our head in a good book. Whether it’s a crime
story or a biography of someone’s amazing life, it’s good to read a book to switch off from the
distractions of everyday life.1 It can be educational and broaden the mind. A good novel can make us happy, or
make us cry as we sympathize with characters. A list of books about "bibliotherapy" can be
offered to patients. 2 It’s become so successful that it’s about to be extended to children as
well.
Professor Philip Davis, author of a book called Reading for Life, studied people in reading
groups and found that it’s reading literature — written works thought to have artistic value — that
has the best effect. He told the BBC that when reading something for pleasure, "...the brain begins
to work from different parts, and it gets excited and emotional. 3 "
Of course, it’s easy for our smartphone generation to abandon a good book and play with our
phones instead. But opening up a paperback could be a simple way to help maintain our mental
health. 4 And it may allow you to see that awkward situation you’ve been anxious about for
weeks from someone else’s point of view.
5 If the book list doesn’t appeal, you could read book reviews, visit a library or
bookshop, or ask a friend. Once you’ve found the right text, you’ll be fascinated!
A. You can see the brain coming to life.
B. And you could always use an e-reader.
C. You can lend it to friends and forget what you did.
D. It may seem obvious that reading is good for us.
E. It’s thought that it can help you set targets and find focus.
F. Reading books is actually being identified as a treatment to sickness.
G. If you’re not a concerned reader, it can be hard to know where to begin.
Passage 7
Many people believe that there is some truth in the saying "Laughter is the best medicine."
1 Laughter helps relieve pain, strengthen the immune system and reduce stress. Laughter
stimulates(刺激)hormones which make us feel happy. Laughter also increases the flow of blood
throughout the body and has benefits which are similar to the ones you get by doing exercise.
2 Children exposed to funny films and cartoons before major medical procedures are
able to cope better with pain and anxiety. 3 These are professional clowns who are sent to
hospitals and wards to entertain and distract sick children.
Laughter therapy has become very popular in recent years and as a result, more and more
laughter clubs are starting to open up in cities and towns all over the world. At a laughter session,a trained therapist instructs the group to perform a series of exercises which are designed to
produce laughter. 4 And it takes them some time to get rid of their inhibitions(拘谨). They
might even start off with fake laughter, but this doesn’t matter because our bodies can’t tell the
difference, and the results are the same. Moreover,laughter is contagious(有感染力的). 5
So next time you feel ill, stressed out or depressed, try watching a funny film or try
remembering an amusing incident in your life. You will soon feel better.
A. If one person starts giggling, it is unavoidable that everyone else will be drawn in.
B. Laughter helps you focus.
C. This finding has led to so-called clown doctors.
D. In fact, research done by scientists has shown that laughter has a lot of health benefits.
E. Laughter makes the world a better and more colorful place.
F. Some people may find the idea embarrassing at first.
G. Using laughter therapy in children’s hospitals has proven to be invaluable.
Passage 8
We all agree that we should recycle things more at home, in the office or in other places. 1
Consequently, they can be collected and taken to the right place for recycling. This is what the
process of sorting allows us to do.
2 And the effective sorting needs to happen first in our own home, and second in
sorting plants where waste is collected.When you put a plastic bottle in the right recycling bag or
bin, you help sort recyclable things so that the right material can be fed into the right recycling
process. If sorting does not happen, a lot of recyclable materials can end up in landfills(废物填埋
地). It will lead to the loss of resources.
3 For instance, in Brussels consumers put plastic packaging, cans and beverage cartons
in blue bags designed for recyclable packaging; paper in yellow bags for recycling; and glass in
specific collection bins. Somewhat differently, in Vienna(Austria), citizens can expect their paper,
metal, glass and plastic to be separately collected in different weeks. 4
Once recyclable materials are collected from your home, they are further sorted in specialised
facilities which ensure the quality of the recycling process. 5 Traditionally, sorting has been
done either manually with workers sorting what can be recycled and picking out the materials to
be discarded or mechanically. Today, new sorting technologies are being developed not only to
speed up the process of sorting but also to cause better results. Exciting technologies usingmagnets(磁铁) or optical systems are being used to effectively sort materials so more of them can
be recycled.
A. For effective recycling we need effective sorting.
B. Packaging is the first step towards recycling.
C. This is where different sorting techniques come into play.
D. So citizens need to be aware of their local collection system.
E. Collection systems can be very different from country to country.
F. The rest were buried or burned even though they could have been recycled or reused.
G. But for materials to be recycled, they first need to find their way to the right waste bin.
Passage 9
A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new
apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the
party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.
36 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents.
37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local
store or stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like
knives and things like curtains. Even if there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is
something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.
38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food
served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or
hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.
Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new
home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 3 9
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would
actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift. 40 Now most homes have central heating
and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E. It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.
Passage 10
Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking. 1 6 Do you want to be a good
public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often,
when you stand up to give a speech, you focus on the "public" at the expense of the "speaking".
17 Focus on the speaking. Talk directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares
about any mistake is the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact, most
people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you
make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one. 1 8
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker. 19 And like everything else in life, that
takes practice. Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20 It’s rare to hear someone say, "I wish that speaker had spoken longer." On the other
hand, you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought, "I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed
to go on forever!" So surprise your audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter
than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their
seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners.
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
Passage 11
Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and
ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an
individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often
unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself. 46Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view
on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more
effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in
themselves and in what they do.
47 People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans(寿命), lower rates of
depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart
problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships.
48 For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong
emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer(缓冲作用)
against depression and anxiety. Resilient(适应性强的) people who think positively tend to treat
every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for
personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional
stress. 4 9
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times
and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism
when an individual refuses to notice a problem. 50 Thinking in a positive, self-
encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health.
A. It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
Passage12
Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and give your doctor the
information she or he needs to give you the best care. Don’t be afraid or embarrassed to discuss
something that is bothering you. 3 6
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor’s office with a good attitude. 3 7 Think teamwork! Think positive!●Keep track of how you are feeling.
3 8 This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms(症状) and
how medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are
worried about. Make sure to be honest about how you feel and how long you’ve felt that way.
● 3 9
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do,
and anything else you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic(过敏) to any
medicines, be sure to mention that to your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions
you have when you are not in the doctor’s office, write them down and bring the list with you to
your appointment. 40 Remember — there’s no such thing as a stupid question. If you don’t
understand the answer to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don’t work.
D. Before your doctor’s visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
Passage 13
Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:
"Should I jump?" This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are
the two sides of the same coin. 36 Like the child on the diving board, you will stay
undecided.
37 More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need
to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your
desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important,
because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in yourwork. 3 8 So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)
of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,
keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39
They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot
but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough. 40 You should reassess
your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned.You
cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at
the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
Passage14
Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit among
all music groups, they make very different music. 31 At that time the Beatles entered the
world of music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became
famous in Britain with nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in
England. 3 2 They held large concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing
on the pop music scene in England. They began as a modestly successful musician group and
ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named
composers of the year.
33 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of
music.Beatlemania hit New York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to
greet them. 3 4 The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience inthe history of television up to that time. The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵) by
local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in America was still remembered as a
major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lot of opportunities
were opened up to new faces on the market. 3 5
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day’s Night (1964) and Help!(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio.
Passage 15
Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love
and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.
36 We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at
weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.
"I adore dancing," says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. "I can’t imagine
doing anything else with my life." Bridges runs dance classes for all ages. "Teaching dance is
wonderful. 37 It’s great to watch them. For many of them, it’s a way of meeting people and
having a social life."
38 "I can tell you about one young couple," says Bridges. "They’re learning to do
traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile. 3 9 "
So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says,
"Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better
and better. 4 0 I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I’m alive."
A. So why do we dance?
B. Dance in the U.S. is everywhere.
C. If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.
D. My older students say it makes them feel young.
E. I keep practicing even when I’m extremely tired.
F. Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G. They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.
Passage 16
Why Do We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes of anger are various.Knowing
these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits.The main reasons we get
angry are triggering(触发) events, personality traits(特征), and our assessment of situations. 5 1
Triggering events for anger are so many that to describe them all would take hundreds of
pages. However, here are some examples: being cut off in traffic, a deadline approaching,
experiencing physical pain, and much more. 52 The reason why someone is triggered by
something and others are not is often due to one’s personal history and psychological traits.
Each person, no matter who they are, has psychological imbalances. People who have
personality traits that connect with competitiveness and low upset tolerance are much more likely
to get angry. 53 Also, sometimes pre-anger does not have to do with a lasting condition, but
rather a temporary state before a triggering event has occurred.
54 Sometimes even routine occurrences become sources of pre-anger, or anger itself.
Sometimes ignorance and negative(消极的) outlooks on situations can create anger.
55 However, anger can easily turn violent, and it is best to know the reasons for anger
to appear in order to prevent its presence. With these main reasons in mind, we can evaluate our
level of anger throughout the day and prevent cases of outbursts by comprehending the reasons for
our feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpoint on situations can create anger within us as well.
B. But some types of situations can help us to get rid of the occurrence of anger.
C. Anger is rarely looked upon as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised to reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strong feeling and maybe people think that they have reasons to feel
angry.
E. Having these personality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the background of
your mind.
F. Understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing to evaluate ourselves
with a critical eye.
G. Not everyone acts the same in response to events, and that is why what triggers one person may
or may not trigger another.
