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考点 5 阅读理解
主旨大意之文章大意（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布
考点
文章大意
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
【2023年1月·浙江 27．What is the text mainly about? 文章大意
卷】
阅读理解 2022 2022年全国甲卷 阅读C31. What is the text mainly about? 文章大意
2021 2021年3月天津卷 C篇56．What is the passage mainly about? 文章大意
2021年6月浙江卷 C篇10. What is the last paragraph mainly about? 文章大意
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中文章大意的考查共计4次，主要考查：
根据文章全文，概括文章大意。概括文章大意的方法：1.利用主题句；2.没有主题句，总结文章大
意；3.关注作者的写作意图和目的，也是概括文章大意的一个重要信息。
【备考策略】系统归类文章大意的总结方法，尤其是主题句、同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
2024年阅读理解对文章大意的考查仍然是重点。
【2024年高考命题预测】
文章大意考点是高考中的必考点。一篇文章作者一定在表达或传递他的思想，因此，每篇文章一定有
它的中心思想。预测在2024高考中，文章大意题会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【主旨大意之文章大意考点指南】
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司规律方法：如何概括文章大意?
1、做概括文章大意题时，有效的方法就是辨认主题句。主题句具有简洁性、概括性的特点，文章的中心
思想往往是每段主题句的综合。若文章无主题句，这就需要我们依据文中的事实、细节、观点去进行分析、
推断和归纳，从而概括出文章大意。
2、在选择答案时，根据自己总结的大意，就可以用排除法将干扰项逐个排除。
1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment
on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on
board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to get on well with other family members.
B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【答案】 27．C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不
是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though,
which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-
always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭
中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费
的生活方式。故选C。
2. B【2020·全国新课标II】
Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help
children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of
Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play
was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,
education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at
54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the
study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more
frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more
active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.242
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是说明文。是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。
27．主旨大意题。本文是关于孩子们玩智力游戏的研究，介绍了研究考虑的因素，研究过程和结果。所以
是关于科学研究的。B. A scientific study(一项科学研究)符合以上说法，故选B项。
3.C【2020·全国新课标III】
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are
choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the
ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke
more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes,
I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been
rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together
had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents;
many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-
olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in
Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they
get married.318
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案】31.D
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又面
临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出现了多世同堂的现象。
31.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk
of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老
年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一种上
升趋势。故选D项。
1.【2023届甘肃省高三第三次高考诊断】
Just 11 minutes of moderate- to-vigorous intensity aerobic (有氧的) activity per day could lower your risk of
cancer, cardiovascular (心血管的) disease or premature death, a large new study has found.
Aerobic activities include walking, dancing, running, jogging, cycling and swimming. You can calculate the
intensity level of an activity by your heart rate and how hard you re breathing as you move. Generally, being able to
talk but not sing during an activity would make it moderate (中等的) intensity. Vigorous intensity is marked by the
inability to carry on a conversation.
Higher levels of physical activity have been associated with lower rates of premature death and chronic
disease, according to past research. But how the risk levels for these outcomes are affected by the amount of
exercise someone gets has been more difficult to determine. To explore this impact, scientists largely from the
University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom looked at data from 196 studies, amounting to more than 30
million adult participants who were followed for 10 years on average.
The study mainly focused on participants who had done the minimum recommended amount of 150 minutes
of exercise per week, or 22 minutes per day. Compared with inactive participants, adults who had done 150 minutes
of moderate- to-vigorous aerobic physical activity per week had a 31% lower risk of dying from any cause, a 29%
lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease and a 15% lower risk of dying from cancer.
Furthermore, the study states even people who got just half the minimum recommended amount of physical
activity benefited. Accumulating 75 minutes of moderate -intensity activity per week—about 11 minutes of activity
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司per day—was associated with a 23% lower risk of early death. Getting active for 75 minutes on a weekly basis was
also enough to reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease by 17% and cancer by 7%.
The findings confirm the World Health Organization’s position that doing some physical activity is better than
doing none, even if you don’t get the recommended amounts of exercise.
15．What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A．Higher levels of physical activity benefit people.
B．A little exercise is better than none.
C．Physical activities must be aerobic and enough.
D．The full recommended amount of exercise matters more.
【答案】 15．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究新发现：每天只需11分钟的中高强度有氧运动对身
体健康也会有积极的影响。所以，即使你没有达到建议的运动量，做一些体育活动也比不做要好。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“Just 11 minutes of moderate- to-vigorous intensity aerobic(有氧的)activity per
day could lower your risk of cancer, cardiovascular (心血管的) disease or premature death, a large new study has
found. (一项大型新研究发现，每天只需11分钟的中高强度有氧运动，就能降低患癌症、心血管疾病或过
早死亡的风险。)”可知，本文介绍了一个新研究结果：每天仅11分钟的中度或高强度的有氧运动能减少患
癌症、心血管病或早死的风险性。结合文章最后一段“The findings confirm the World Health Organization’s
position that doing some physical activity is better than doing none, even if you don’t get the recommended
amounts of exercise. (研究结果证实了世界卫生组织的立场，即：即使你没有达到建议的运动量，做一些体
育活动也比不做要好。)”可知，此项研究结果旨在强调：尽管11分钟不是推荐的最小训练量，但是锻炼比
不锻炼强。故选B项。
2.D【江西省八校高三第一次联考】
Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp distance created by a
disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the pandemic, losing someone
that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal
with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.
The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do
end and that can actually be healthy. However, we haven't been taught to carry this expectation into our friend
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司relationships.
“We’re not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of ‘Gosh,I hope this works out’, but we’ll do that with
a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if they're going to be the one. But with
friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.”
And because we don't view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when
it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and
yours ended, what did you do wrong?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes aren't meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takes
real work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to
help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps
a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and
friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and
disappointment,” she says.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to regain a friendship that has ended.
B．The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.
C．Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.
D．Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.
【答案】12．B
【解析】本文是议论文。文章主要讲述有关朋友和友谊的看法。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden, sharp
distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the
pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.(不管是否是童年朋友
的缓慢的转变，由意见不合造成的突然的巨大的距离，或者是许多关系在疫情期间渐渐地分开，失去某个
你认为在你人生中会永远在的人是很令人不安)”和第二段“But friendship breakups will happen over the
course of our lives(但是友谊的破裂在我们的人生中是会发生的)”可知，这篇文章主要讲述失去朋友，失去
友谊在人生中是常有的事情。故选B。
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司3.D【陕西省渭南市高三教学质量检测一模】
The earliest tomatoes were little sour berries. They grew among low bushes in dry, sunny places in the Andes
Mountains in South America. It was about 350 million years ago.
Tomato plants are relative to nightshade (茄属植物), which has poison. The leaves and stems of tomato plants
have poison , but the berries are good to eat. The berries are red so that animals can find them easily and eat them.
The animals carry the seeds to other places. That was how earliest tomato plants found new places to grow.
Tomatoes are also relative to tobacco, chili peppers and potatoes.
When people first came to South America about 20,000 years ago, they ate these tiny wild tomatoes. Travelers
brought a few kinds of wild tomato plants from the Andes to Central America, there the ancestors of the Maya
began to farm them. Nobody knows exactly when people began farming tomatoes, but it probably was much later
than corn and beans, and it was surely before 500 BC．These Central American fanners bred tomatoes to be bigger
and sweeter than the wild ones.
By the time Spanish explorers got to Tenochtitlan in Mexico in 1521 AD, the Aztec people ere eating a lot of
tomatoes, made a sauce of chopped (剁碎的)tomatoes, onions, salt and chili peppers that was a lot like our salsa.
The word “tomato” comes from their Nahuatl word “tomato”.
Because tomatoes weren't farmed until pretty late, farmers further north had not yet been able to adapt heir
growing season to working in North America. Even today, it's pretty hard to get your tomatoes ripe in the northern
parts of North America before the growing season ends.
15．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to grow tomatoes.
B．The history of tomatoes.
C．When to grow tomatoes.
D．The places where tomatoes grow.
【答案】15．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了西红柿的历史。
15．主旨大意题。阅读文章内容，并根据第一段“The earliest tomatoes were little sour berries.(最早的西红柿
是小的酸浆果)”，第三段第一句“When people first came to South America about 20,000 years ago, they ate
these tiny wild tomatoes.(大约2万年前，当人们第一次来到南美洲时，他们吃这些小小的野生番茄)”和第四
段第一句“By the time Spanish explorers got to Tenochtitlan in Mexico in 1521 AD, the Aztec people ere eating a
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司lot of tomatoes(当西班牙探险家在1521年到达墨西哥的特诺奇蒂特兰时，阿兹特克人吃了很多西红柿)”和
最后一段“Because tomatoes weren't farmed until pretty late,(因为西红柿是很晚才开始种植的)”可知，本文介
绍了西红柿的历史。故选B。
4.C【吉林省长春市重点高中高三下学期第三次模拟】
One of the greatest challenges in caring for such intelligent animals as chimpanzees (猩猩) is providing them
with enriching experiences. Every day, the chimpanzees at Project Chimps receive morning and evening food-based
enrichment devices, but caregivers are always looking for more ways to keep the chimps mentally engaged. With
79 chimpanzees, each with their distinctive personality, care staff often find that different chimps react differently
to new enrichment.
Last year, we began inviting musicians to perform for chimps to see what they may respond. A violin
performance received quite the response. Additional musicians were lined up to visit but the coronavirus has
stopped the activities, which we hope to resume in the near future.
This past week, we brought an electric piano for the chimps to investigate. Some chimps, like twins Buttercup
and Clarisse, were immediately interested and could not wait to tap out a few notes. Others, like Emma, were more
interested in trying to take it apart.
29-year-old Precious has very little tolerance for the piano. She sat off to the side for a few minutes, but
eventually she decided that was enough. She called an end to the enrichment session by throwing a handful of
waste at the piano. Receiving her message loud and clear, we removed the piano.
We could never have guessed how 33-year-old Luke would react to it. As with many retired lab chimpanzees,
Luke has some anxiety issues. He seems particularly distrustful of anything new, including people, food, and
enrichment. But when we presented the chimps with the piano, Luke was the first to investigate. We could not
believe our eyes—this usually anxious chimpanzee bravely chose to explore something new!
To us at Project Chimps, this is what it is all about: giving chimpanzees the freedom to choose. We are
honored to be part of their journey.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．How caregivers care for the retired chimpanzees.
B．What care staff do to enrich chimpanzees’ daily life.
C．How chimpanzees are trained through various enrichment.
D．What Project Chimps does to observe and study wild chimps.
学学学科科科网网网（（（北北北京京京）））股股股份份份有有有限限限公公公司司司
