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考点 04 高考高频考点动词时态&语态（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
动词
题型
考查方向 考频 考点
(throw) --- threw
2023 动的时态 3
(arrive)-------had arrived
establish)------has established
catch---------caught
2022 动的时态 3
语法填空 have------has
increase-----has increased
connect--------connects
2021 动的时态 2
be------has been
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
阅读理解：考查动词或短语的词义辨析及熟词生义；
完形填空：主要考查在特定语境中动词和动词短语的熟词生义和词义辨析。动词词义辨析题主要考查
结合语境区分动词词义的能力，在平时的学习中应当掌握常用动词的基本意义，注意一词多义和熟词生义；
养成推敲句子的含义以及对语境理解的习惯。
语法填空 : 考查动词作谓语和非谓语的用法，动词和其它词的搭配，
【备考策略】
1．长难句中首先考虑找到谓语，提炼句子的主干；
2．解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后，根据上下文进行合理推断；
3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略；
4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略；
5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。
【命题预测】
预计2025年的高考动词和动词短语考查语境复杂化和综合化的特点。动词（Verbs）
重点用法① 动词的种类
用法：1.行为动词：包括及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词必须带宾语；不及物动词不能直接带宾语，但
跟一个介词后，就可带介词宾语。
He sent me a new bike.他送了我一辆新的自行车。
Keith works hard.基思工作努力。
I’m waiting for you.我正在等你。
2.系动词：本身有词义，与后面的表语构成合成谓语。常见的系动词除 be以外，还有look，feel，taste，
get，turn，keep，smell，become等。
Jack is twelve years old.杰克12岁。
It gets cold.天气变冷了。
3.助动词：本身没有词义，只是帮助行为动词构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气以及构成疑问句和否定句
等。常见的助动词有be，have，do，will，shall等。
He will go back.他要回来了。
It is made in China.它是中国制造的。
I haven’t had my breakfast yet.我还没吃早饭呢。
4.情态动词：有词义但并不完全，不能单独作谓语，要与行为动词连用，表示能力、许可、可能性、必要、
意图等。情态动词后多跟动词原形，没有人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有can，must，may，need，
shall，will，could，should，would等。
Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
May I come in?我可以进来吗？
重点用法② 动词第三人称单数的构成
用法：1.一般情况下，在词尾加-s。
help→helps know→knows
2.以字母s，x，ch，sh，o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es。
guess→guesses do→does
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es。
fly→flies try→tries
重点用法③ 动词过去式和过去分词的构成
用法：1.一般情况下，在词尾加-ed。
work→worked→worked open→opened→opened2.以字母e结尾的动词，在词尾加-d。
close→closed→closed live→lived→lived
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。
study→studied→studied try→tried→tried
4.以“元音字母+y”结尾的动词，直接在词尾加-ed。
play→played→played stay→stayed→stayed
5.末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词（x除外），双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。
stop→stopped→stopped regret→regretted→regretted
6.以重读r音节结尾的动词，先双写r，再加-ed。
refer→referred→referred prefer→preferred→preferred
提示：动词过去式和过去分词的不规则变化主要有四种形式：
（1）A→A→A型：set→set→set
（2）A→B→A型：run→ran→run
（3）A→B→B型：win→won→won
（4）A→B→C型：see→saw→seen
重点用法④ 动词现在分词的构成
用法：1.一般情况下，在词尾加-ing。
drink→drinking catch→catching
2.以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing。
take→taking make→making
3.以重读闭音节或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写辅音字母，再加-ing。
beg→begging begin→beginning
4.以ie结尾的重读开音节的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing。
die→dying lie→lying
提示：以y结尾的动词，y不变，直接加-ing；少数以oe，ye等不发音的e结尾的动词，不去e，直接加-
ing。
play→playing dye→dyeing
语法填空里面动词填空，占比很大。动词解题，可能是原形，谓语动词，非谓语动词，词形状换。如
果确定需要谓语动词，则主要考虑三个方面：时态，语态，主谓一致。
Ⅰ、定义与分类
1、时态时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的
方式。
动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，
动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。
将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了英语的16种时态形式。
时态表解
do did
1、一般现在时 does 2、一般过去时 was
am, is, are were
1）经常，重复，客观事实,真理或格言。 1）过去习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
2）every day，every few years, once a week, 2）in the past, every day last year, on Sundays last
twice a year, often, usually, constantly, year, yesterday, ...ago, just now(刚才), the other
frequently, always, sometimes, seldom(很少), day(前几天), last year/night/month
hardly, on Sunday =every Sunday
am was
3、现在进行时 is doing 4、过去进行时 doing
are were
1）正在 1）过去正在。
2）now, at the moment, at present, for the time 2）at 3 o'clock yesterday; this time last month, 由
being(现在)，right now when 引起的句中, while两端都用进行时
has
5、现在完成时 done → 6、过去完成时 had done
have
1）已经 1）以前，曾经。过去的过去
2）since+过去，主句: 现完。in/ over/ for/ by the end of
during the past/last 30 years, lately, recently, by the time
just (刚刚), so far, by now, up to now; up until three days before
now (直到现在), already(肯); yet(否, 疑) two weeks earlier
has
7、现在完成进行时 been doing → 8、过去完成进行时 had been doing
have
一直 一直
9、现在将来时 will do → 10、过去将来时 would do
1）将，会
2）soon, tomorrow, this evening, tonight，
in 5 hours, after 5 o’clock, in the future, 将，会next year/ month/ morning/ Sunday/
week
2、语态
英语动词有2种语态：主动语态和被动语态:【be done】
语态表解
am was
1、一般现在时 is done 2、一般过去时 done
are were
被 被
am was
3、现在进行时 is being done 4、过去进行时 being done
are were
正在被 正在被
has
5、现在完成时 been done →6、过去完成时 had been done
have
已经被 曾经被，以前被
7、现在将来时 will be done →8、过去将来时 would be done
将被，会被 将被，会被
Ⅱ、时态种类
一、一般现在时
1、构成
1.主语+be+其他 2.主语+do+其他 3.主语+does+其他
情况 变化规则 例词
一般情况 直接加s work-works learn-learns come-comes
play-plays want-wants need-needs
结尾为s, x, ch, sh, o 在词尾加es pass-passes discuss-discusses fix-fixes
teach-teaches wash-washes do-does
结尾为“辅音字母加y” 变y为i再加es study-studies carry-carries
cry-cries worry-worries
注：have 的单数第三人称形式为has。
2、用法
1.表示主语现在的特征、性格和状态—Do you sing? —A little.
She is at home.
2.表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。常用的时间状语：always, often, usually, frequently, seldom,
sometimes, every day/week/month/year...
She visits her parents every day.
He always sleeps with the windows open.
Students often travel hundreds of miles to get here.
3.表示客观真理、格言以及不受时间限制的客观存在。
The earth moves around the sun.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
Summer follows spring.
4.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中遵守“主将从现”，
即：主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时。
The volleyball match will be put off if it rains.
I’ll give her the telex when she comes.
5.表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作。限于 begin, come, leave, go, arrive, open, start, stop, close, return
等一类动词。
The train starts at 10 o' clock in the morning.
The plane for Wuhan takes off at 8：30 this morning.
二、一般过去时
1、构成
1.动词 be → was, were 2.动词 have, has → had
3.助动词do, does → did 4.行为动词用过去式
情况 变化规则 例词
一般情况 直接加ed look—looked watch—watched
stay—stayed expect—expected
以e结尾的动词 在词尾加d hope—hoped like—liked
以“辅音字母加y”结尾 变y为i再加ed study—studied carry—carried
cry—cried worry—worried
以重读闭音节或/r/音节结 双写词尾的辅音字 stop—stopped clap—clapped
尾，词尾只有一个辅音字 母再加ed plan—planned prefer—preferred
母时 refer—referred beg—begged
admit—admitted permit—permitted
2、用法
1. 表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。
常用的时间状语有： yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year, in 2021, the other day, two years ago,
last month, ...We went to the cinema last night.
We had lunch the other day at our favorite restaurant.
注：表示过去的一系列动作，尽管有先后，都用一般过去时，最后两个动词之间用 an d 连结。如：
He stood up, looked around and left.
2.表示在过去一段时间内的经常性、反复性或习惯性动作。
常用的时间状语有：every day, often, sometimes...
used to , would常用来表示过去经常或反复发生的行为。
We often played together when we were children.
In the year 1775, there was a wine shop.
We used to get up at five every morning when were at school.
三、一般将来时
1、构成
1.will+do (I /we shall) 2.be going to+do 3.be+to do
4. be about to do sth 5.be+doing 现在进行时 6.一般现在时
2、用法
1. 【will+do】表示客观上势必将要发生的事情或临时做出的打算。
常用的时间状语有：next time, tomorrow, before long, later on, in the future...
I’ll (shall / will) do a better job next time.
The concert will start in a minute.
2. 【be going to+do】表示主观计划，打算做某事或根据某种迹象表明某事即将发生。
We are not going to stay there long. I’m afraid they’re going to lose the game.
Look at those black clouds. It’s going to rain.
3.【be+to do】表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须去做的事或即将发生的动作。
He is to leave for Beijing tomorrow. Tell him he’s not to be back late.
No student is to leave the room.
4.【be about to do sth】表示不久或即将要发生的动作，一般不与具体时间状语连用。
Look! The race is about to start. The autumn harvest is about to start.
【be about to do sth when 正准备做某事突然...】
5.【be+doing】表示将来，表示计划好或准备要做某事
The ship is leaving for New York soon.
He is coming up to Beijing University next term.
6.【一般现在时】表示将来，按规定或时间表预计要发生的事。
The train leaves at 7:25 this evening.
四、过去将来时
1、构成
1.would do 2.was/were going to, was/were to do, was/were about to do
2、用法表示从过去某一时间看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态，常用于宾语从句中。
She said she would be there at seven o'clock.
He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
She was about to walk out of the door when the telephone rang.
五、现在完成时【不与具体的过去时间状语或 when 连用】
1、构成 have/has done
2、用法
1.表示过去的动作或事情对现在所造成的影响。
常用的时间状语有：recently, lately, before, yet, ever, never, once, just...
The house has changed hands several times recently.
I haven't heard any news from my son lately.
2.表示从过去某一时刻开始持续到现在的动作，这一动作还可能持续下去。
常用的时间状语有：since, up till now, so far, for a long time, in the last/past few years...
He has worked in the factory since last year.
Yet this system has worked pretty well up till now.
3.表示“这是第几次做某事”。
This/It is＋the first/second...＋( that ) + 从句，从句用现在完成时
This is the first time I have eaten dumplings.
It is the fourth time that she has made such a mistake.
六、过去完成时
1、构成 had done
2、用法
1. 表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作。【过去的过去】
When we arrived, he had already left.
2.表示开始于过去某一时间的动作或状态延续到过去另一时间，并且可能持续下去，常与for, since连用。
These neighboring states had lived in peace for centuries.
3. 表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或计划，主要用于 hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean,
intend 等动词。
I had meant to come, but something happened.
We had thought to return early but they wouldn’t let us go.
I had intended to make a cake, but I ran out of time.
4.表示“这是第几次做某事”。
This/It was＋the first/second...＋( that ) + 从句， 从句用过去完成时。
This was the first time they had met in thirty-nine years.
It was the first time we had spoken together.
5. 表示“一...就...”。“hardly/scarcely...when...”和“no sooner... than...”，主句用过去完成时。
We had no sooner left the village than it began to rain.
→ No sooner had we left the village than it began to rain.
The game had hardly begun when it started raining.
→ Hardly had the game begun when it started raining.
七、现在进行时
1、构成
am / is /are + doing
2、用法
1.表示说话时正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition.
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。
We are working in a factory these days.
We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.
3.与often, always, constantly, frequently, continually, forever, all the time等连用，表示赞叹、赞扬、厌恶、
不满等感情色彩。
He's always quarrelling with others.
She is constantly worrying about her son's health.
4. come, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等动词用于进行时，表示按计划、安排即将发生
的动作。
They are leaving for New York tomorrow.
The company is opening a new flagship store in London.
八、过去进行时
1、构成
was / were + doing
2、用法
1.表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情。常与过去的时间状语连用。
I was having a shower at that time.
It was raining when they left the station.
2.表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。
When Paul knocked at the door Jim was watching TV in the living room.
3.与always, all the time, forever, frequently等连用，表示说话人的感叹、厌恶等情绪。
He was always showing off at parties when young.
She was forever complaining.
4. come, go, arrive, begin, leave等动词用于过去进行时，表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。
I phoned my mother to ask what time she was coming home.I had a pretty good idea what she was going to do.
1．I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly
surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.(所给词的适当形式填空)
2．This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in
temperature.(所给词的适当形式填空)
3．There (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, caused
largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations. （所给词的适当形式填
空）
1．In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were
just spending time at home with their owners.(所给词的适当形式填空)
2 ． I decided to volunteer for this year’s half-marathon after the chairman of the organizing committee
(visit) my school. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．It (impact) the normal formation of the lower half of the body. （所给词的适当形式填空）
1．According to Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata, across Africa, all giraffe populations (decline) by
over 70 percent in the past 20 years from 36,000 to less than 9,000 today. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．Chang Shana, an outstanding designer and educator in China, was just 13 when her love affair with Dunhuang
(begin). (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．Young athletes (wear) sports clothing bearing Chinese elements, such as dragons and pandas. (所给
词的适当形式填空)
4．In the past decades, with the rapid development of science and technology, our daily life (change) a
lot. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．The country will carry out three more missions -the launch of the Tianzhou-5 cargo craft and the Shenzhou-15
crewed spaceship, as well as bringing theShenzhou-14 crew back to Earth -before it (complete) the in-
orbit construction of the space station by the end of this year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．The host (contact) me in advance by the time he reached the pub packed with people. (所给词的适
当形式填空)
7．Between rows of trees (stand) a new building, which is supposed to be our new library. (所给词的
适当形式填空)8．At the top of the hill (lie) an old cottage which has a wonderful view of the whole city. (所给词的
适当形式填空)
9．It is the second time in a row that Suzhou (top) the ranking. （所给词的适当形式填
空）
10．These beautiful blackfaced spoonbills are some of the world's rarest birds. The birds (fly)
all the way from their summer home to this wetland, where they will spend the winter. Now, they circle and land.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
1．Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it (pass) and is beyond our control.
2．Experts say these texts could prove the government in the third century BC handed out cruel punishments to
people who (break) these rules. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
4．You can charge them at maximum rate and the rest of the energy (go) out as heat. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
5．The only thing she knew was that the cash in that envelope (belong) to someone else. (所给词的
适当形式填空)
6．The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of
articles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．It was the first time she (leave) her motherland. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had left
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。句意：这是她第一次离开祖国。“It was +第几次+ that sb. had done sth.”表
示“这是某人第几次做某事”，为固定结构，故本空用leave“离开”的过去完成时形式had left。故填had
left。
8．I (intend) to say hello to Linda, but she got into her car and drove off before I could say a word.
(所给词的适当形式填空)
9．Two years ago, she bought an expensive bike and then she (persuade) me to buy one. (所给词的适
当形式填空)
10．It (bother) me to think of her alone in that big house. (所给词的适当形式填空)
（2023·北京·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon aftermoving to Switzerland, I 34 (throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests
showed up 35 (exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for
a dinner, only to find that no other guest 36 (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
（2023·北京·高考真题）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白
处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea, characterised by their complex roots.
When 37 (see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect 38 (city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they
are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 39 (establish) a number of protected areas with
mangroves.
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单
词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late 34 the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused
on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man
charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention 35 (harm) her, Helen started to run.
Eventually, the man 36 (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
（2022·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单
词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for 40 (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More
takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags,
most of 41 are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even 42 (bad).
The use of those plastics 43 (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation
continues.
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单
词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do we dream？Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse 34 (idea)．Dreams
might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 35
happened during the day，trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it 36 (connect) things，
your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream．
（2021·北京·高考真题）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空．在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单
词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
There 40 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years, 41
(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations. From 2000 to
2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, 42 (result) in USD 2,970 billion in
economic loss．Much of this increase can be due to climate change. The findings show a critical need 43
(invest) in disaster prevention.
