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考点 2 完形填空
完形填空之行文逻辑（核心考点精讲精练）
考点2 行文逻辑
考点1因果关系
考点2同类关系
行文逻辑
考点3相对关系
考点4转折关系
1. 两年真题考点分布
考点
行文逻辑
题型
试卷类型 完形填空 考点
2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷 54.Although尽管…… 转折关系
2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷 55.but 转折关系
2 2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷 41. but 转折关系
0 2023年1月·浙江卷 43. and 并列关系
完形填空
2 2023年1月·浙江卷 49. Finally 顺序关系
3
2023年1月·浙江卷 51. and 并列关系
2023·全国甲卷 46. because 因果关系
2023·全国甲卷 49．50 but so 转折关系
2023·全国乙 45. But 转折关系
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】2023年新高考卷对于完形填空中行文逻辑考查了9次。主要考查：
并列关系；转折关系；因果关系；让步关系；条件关系；解释关系；顺序关系等。
【备考策略】系统归类行文逻辑的方法；熟练掌握完形填空技能。
【命题预测】
完形填空是高考英语中的必考题型，完形填空中的行文逻辑也必然会出现在2024年的高考中。
【完形填空行文逻辑考点指南】
规律方法：完形填空技巧之行文逻辑
完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它看作一个意思连贯、结
构完整的语篇，而不是单项填空。做题时要善于利用段首句或首段最大限度地获取信息。完形填空的首句或前几
句话一般都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，为理解文章大意
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】和主要内容提供必要的线索。此外，完形填空是具有完整内容且按照一定思路发展的文章，各段及各句之间都有
逻辑上的必然联系，因此还要注意把握文章发展的基本线索，搞清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。答题时，考
生首先要树立起语篇概念，抓住文章主题思想，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与
句、句群与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折
关系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because,
for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词或短语
有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in other words等)；
顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。
一、因果关系
(节选) I'd always thought，while slicing up carrots，that the end looked like a cap.__25__one day，just to see what
she would do，I gently placed one on top of the groundhog's head.
25．A. While B．Or C．So D．For
【答案】C
【解析】因此，有一天，想看看“她”会怎么做，“我”就轻轻地放了一个在那只土拨鼠的头顶上。前后两句为
因果关系。
二、同类关系
(节选)On the other hand, teenagers lose their patience continually when parents blame them for 5 the towel in
the bathroom, not cleaning up their room or refusing to do the shopping at the supermarket.
A. washing B. using
C. dropping D. replacing
【答案】C
【解析】文中not cleaning up和refusing to do与选项中dropping存在同类关系。另一方面，青少年认为父母因为仅
仅是把浴室里的毛巾掉在地上、不清扫房间和拒绝去超市买东西，这些小事而责怪他们而不耐烦。该空要根据连
词or和其所连接的“not cleaning up”和“refusing”判断。“乱丢”和“不清扫” 、“拒绝买东西”并列，故选
C。
三、相对关系
(节选)Although I would sure carry the pain of 26_______ with me along, Ahmed reminded me of the abundant 27_______
in the world.
26. A. loss B. failure C. fear D. regret
27. A. friendship B. devotion C. kindness D. justice
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。作者虽然还会因为丧夫而悲痛，但心灵得到了慰藉。A. loss丧失；B. failure
失败；C. fear恐惧；D. regret后悔。故选A。
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义及语境运用。修理工的举动让作者感觉到了人间的关爱。A. friendship友谊；B. devotion奉
献、专注；C. kindness关爱、仁爱；D. justice正义、公正。故选C。
此处26. A. loss 与27.C. kindness 存在相对关系。
四、转折关系
(节选) He couldn’t read his own handwriting. ____ he was a bright student.
30. A. so B. or C. for D. but
【答案】D
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【解析】“我们”知道，但是不得不试试。前后是转折的关系，故用but。故选D。
【归纳总结】
完形填空的句子内部、句与句之间以及段落之间往往都存在一定的逻辑关系，有些题目就是考查这些逻辑关系，
因此可以借助并列连词和从属连词等表示逻辑关系的标志词，理清上下文逻辑关系，快速解题。
【典例1】 (2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
Although the two young women were strangers before the 54 , they’ve since become friends. Neither won the
race, but the 5 5 of human kindness won the day.
( )54.A.ride B.test C.meet D.show
( )55.A.secret B.display C.benefit D.exchange
54.C 根据第一段“…hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race…”及空前的“…the two young women
were strangers before the…”可知,句子表示“尽管这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。ride短
途旅程; test测试; meet体育比赛; show节目。Although尽管……，尽管这两个年轻妇女以前是陌生人，但它们匆匆
成为朋友。
55.B 根据第二段的“…let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300
feet to where Lenoue could get…attention.”可知,Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点线,并背她去接受检查,这展示了人类的
善良,故选B。secret秘密; display展示; benefit益处; exchange交换。But可是……利用转折关系解题，她们两个都
没赢得比赛，但是人性善良的展现赢得了这天。
【典例2】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia
but they were on a very tight 4 1 .
( )41.A.turn B.budget C.schedule D.connection
41.B 根据空后“They could not afford to pay for…for their dog, Tiffy…”可知,他们负担不起运送他们的狗Tiffy的费
用。由此可推知,他们的经济预算很紧张。turn转向; budget预算; schedule时间表; connection联系。故选B项。他
们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但是他们的经济预算太紧张。根据but转折关系，可推知选项。
【典例3】 (2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 4 8 for him, having to leave his dog to a
stranger and trust that everything would work out.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】( )48.A.hard B.fine C.common D.lucky
48.A 对于乔治来说,将他的狗交给陌生人并相信一切都会进展顺利是很难的。hard艰难的; fine不错的; common普
通的; lucky幸运的。故选A项。【解读】虽然丈夫乔治尽力保持冷静，但是对于乔治来说,将他的狗交给陌生人并
相信一切都会进展顺利是很难的。借助转折关系解题。
【典例4】 (2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)
The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to witness a unique honey harvest.
Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱)are placed in the treetops. Reaching them to get the honey is
difficult—and often ____43____ .
43．A．urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：靠近树顶的蜂箱采蜜是很困难的，而且相当危险。A. urgent紧急的；B.
dangerous危险的；C. expensive昂贵的；D. pointless毫无意义的。根据“The adult bees were ________ and kept
attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.”可知，采摘蜂蜜可能会招致蜂群持续不断的攻击，这是很危险的。故选B
项。【提醒】此处and是并列关系，空处和difficult的并列关系。
【典例5】 (2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)____49____ , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the
ground.
49．A．Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately
49．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad最终到达了蜂巢。那儿距离地面大概有20米高。A. Finally最终；B.
Surprisingly令人意外地；C. Naturally自然地；D. Immediately立刻。根据上文“He stopped every few minutes to
move the ________ higher up the tree trunk.”可知，身手矫健的Ziyad借助绳索不断向上攀爬，终于到达树顶放置蜂
巢的位置。故选A项。
【提醒】此处是顺序关系，指一系列先后发生的动作。
【典例6】 (2023年1月·浙江卷·节选)Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d _____51_____ the
trunk and was back on the ground.
51．A．cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto
51．考查动词短语辨析。句意：几秒钟过后，他就从树干滑下，重新回到地面。A. cut off切除；B. gone up上升；
C. slid down滑下；D. held onto抓牢。根据前文“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the
ground.”和后文“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad是从树顶滑下，回到地面。故选C项。
【提醒】and表示并列关系。空处和and后的back on the ground是并列关系。由此可推知答案。
【典例 7】 (2023·全国甲卷·节选)But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46 because they were so
misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old
bottle with no label(标签) on it.
( )46.A.worried B.moved C.thrilled D.bored
46.A 根据后文“…because they were so misshapen…”可知,因为西红柿太畸形了,所以“我们”担心能不能吃。
worried担心的; moved感动的; thrilled非常兴奋的; bored感到厌倦的。故选A。
【典例8】 (2023·全国甲卷·节选)And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. These can’t
be any good, we thought. But we were 4 9 his kindness, so we 5 0 them.
( )49.A.sympathetic to B.thankful for C.cautious about D.interested in
( )50.A.tried B.sold C.returned D.mixed
49.B 尽管东西看起来不好,因为是邻居带来的,所以“我们”应该表示感谢。 sympathetic to 对……表示同
情;thankful for对……表示感谢;cautious about对……谨慎;interested in对……感兴趣。故选B。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】50.A 虽然西红柿是畸形的,酒也是浑浊的,但“我们”感激邻居的善意,所以还是尝试着享用了它们。 try尝试; sell
卖;return归还;mix混合。故选A。
【典例9】 (2023·全国乙卷·节选)She had to say goodbye to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to ride
waves on her board. But it was 45 to take the leap(飞跃),however 46 it would be. Even at 14,Douglas knew
that.
( )45.A.common B.time C.fun D.tough
( )46.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
45.B 根据空前but可知,虽然要和自己熟悉的一切说再见,但是时候迈出这一步了。common常见的; time时间; fun
有趣的; tough艰难的。故选B项。
46.B 根据前文可知,Gabby Douglas 要和自己熟悉的一切说再见,这是很让人心碎的。breathtaking 惊人
的;heartbreaking令人心碎的;eye-catching引人注目的;head-spinning令人头晕目眩的。故选B项。
1. (2021·全国甲卷·节选)
They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east.So he 44 a suitcase full of pepperoni.
44．A．filled B．locked
C．abandoned D．lost
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。So表示因果关系，他们让他从东部带些辣香肠过来，所以他装了满满
一箱子辣香肠。 故选A。
2. (2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24.damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 ，
the number of snakes had declined as well.
25．A．Besides B．However
C．Therefore D．Otherwise
【解析】本题可以利用逻辑关系解题。根据空前一句“鸟类飞走了”和空后一句“蛇的数量也减少了”可知，
两句都是洪水的危害。however和otherwise都表示转折关系，therefore表示因果关系，besides表示递进关系，故
选A。
3.【2022·新高考 I 卷】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off, but
storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___28___ our peaceful morning trip.
28. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
28. B考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨
间旅行。A. arranged安排；B. interrupted中断；C. completed完成；D. recorded记录。根据上文“but storms move
in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly”以及下文“our peaceful morning trips”可推知，此处指风暴来临，作者的
旅行被迫中断了。故选B。【提醒】but转折关系为我们提供了做题的依据。
4.【2022·全国甲卷】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was thrilled that he
was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___ , the cat.
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
46. A虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。根据上文的
“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知，此处指作者担心自己
的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。【提醒】此处Flora和the cat是同位关系。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】5. 【2021·浙江省高考英语试卷】Everyone was so 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 to feel at home.
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A.
confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断，
作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B。同类关系
【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny搞
笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大家都很友
好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D。同类关系
6. 【2020·山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】 A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused
had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
25．考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外，蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外，另外；B. However但是；C. Therefore
因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知，洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且，它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选
A。并列关系
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
I.微型完形填空
1.【2023届浙江省镇海中学高三5月模拟】
My cousin is nine years old, a little bit fat and doesn’t do really well at school. She is heavily____21____, and thus has
developed some resistance and____22____towards adults, who usually don’t put high hopes in her.
21．A．abused B．adored C．challenged D．teased
22．A．satisfaction B．dependence C．distrust D．appreciation
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她经常被嘲笑，因此对成年人产生了一些抵制和不信任，而成年人通常不会对她
寄予厚望。A. abused虐待；B. adored崇拜；C. challenged挑战；D. teased取笑。根据上文“My cousin is nine years
old, a little bit fat and doesn’t do really well at school.”可知她有点胖，因此被人取笑。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. satisfaction满意；B. dependence 依赖；C. distrust不信任；D.
appreciation欣赏。和上文的“resistance”并列，所以应该是不信任，故选C。
2.【2023届浙江省义乌市高三下学期5月适应性考试】Having a friend when you most need it not only gets you
through the ____35____ parts in your life — it also gives you the confidence to be a friend to others.
35．A．unknown B．rough C．special D．busy
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在你最需要的时候拥有一个朋友，它不仅能帮你度过生活中的艰难时刻，还能
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】让你有信心成为别人的朋友。A. unknown未知的；B. rough艰难的；C. special特别的；D. busy忙的。根据本句主
语“Having a friend”可知，朋友帮你度过生活中的艰难时刻。故选B。
3.【2023届浙江省金丽衢十二校高三下学期第二次联考】
It was a dream born in fire.
“Throw the ____21____ down!” said one of the firemen below. Andrea Peterson was 5 when she and her mother were
____22____ in a burning building, and little Andrea jumped into lifesaving arms and a lifelong ____23____: She wanted
to fight fires like her ____24____ did. She told that to the men who had saved her, and they ____25____ good-naturedly
the way grown-ups do when a kid says they want to be an astronaut ____ 26 ____ this was back in a time when little girls
weren’t even allowed to dream about such grand goals. “You’ll be a good mom,” the firemen told her. “You’ll be a good
teacher, or a nurse, ____ 27 ____ you can never be a fireman.”
21．A．patient B．boy C．clerk D．kid
22．A．trapped B．lost C．absorbed D．buried
23．A．career B．course C．ambition D．education
24．A．trainers B．rescuers C．parents D．agents
25．A．yelled B．opposed C．ignored D．laughed
26．A．because B．until C．before D．unless
27．A．or B．so C．but D．and
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了安德莉亚·彼得森5岁时和她的母亲被困在一幢着火的大楼里，小安德莉
亚跳入救火者的怀抱，这是她毕生的抱负：她想要像她的救援人员那样救火。然后，生活让她的梦想黯然失色。
直到61岁的时候，她经过自己的努力，最终实现了童年的梦想。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“把那孩子扔下来！”下面的一个消防员说。A. patient患者；B. boy男孩；C.
clerk职员；D. kid孩子。根据下文“Andrea Peterson was 5 when she and her mother were 2 in a burning
building, and little Andrea jumped into lifesaving arms and a lifelong 3 : She wanted to fight fires like her 4
did.”可知，当时安德里亚·彼得森是个5岁的小女孩。故选D。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：安德莉亚·彼得森5岁时和她的母亲被困在一幢着火的大楼里，小安德莉亚跳入救
火者的怀抱，这是她毕生的抱负：她想要像她的救援人员那样救火。A. trapped困住；B. lost丢失；C. absorbed吸
收；D. buried埋。根据下文“in a burning building”可知，此处指被困在一幢着火的大楼里。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：安德莉亚·彼得森5岁时和她的母亲被困在一幢着火的大楼里，小安德莉亚跳入救
火者的怀抱，这是她毕生的抱负：她想要像她的救援人员那样救火。A. career职业；B. course课程；C. ambition抱
负；D. education教育。根据下文“She wanted to fight fires like her 4 did.”可知，此处指她的抱负。故选
C。
24．考查名词词义辨析。句意：安德莉亚·彼得森5岁时和她的母亲被困在一幢着火的大楼里，小安德莉亚跳入救
火者的怀抱，这是她毕生的抱负：她想要像她的救援人员那样救火。A. trainers培训师；B. rescuers救援人员；C.
parents父母；D. agents代理人。根据上文“and little Andrea jumped into lifesaving arms”及“She wanted to fight fires
like”可知，此处指像救她的救援人员一样救火。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把这句话告诉了那些救过她的人，他们像成年人一样善意地笑着，当一个孩子
说他们想成为一名宇航员时，因为这是在一个小女孩甚至不被允许梦想这样宏伟目标的时代。A. yelled大叫；B.
opposed反对；C. ignored忽略；D. laughed笑。根据下文“good-naturedly the way grown- ups do when a kid says they
want to be an astronaut”及““You’ll be a good mom,” the firemen told her. “You’ll be a good teacher, or a nurse. 7
you can never be a fireman.””可知，那些救她的人认为这是一个无法实现的梦想，所以他们善意地笑了起来。故选
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
