文档内容
考点 2 阅读七选五
阅读七选五之利用逻辑关系解题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考查类别
项目
语篇类型 主题语境 段中 段尾
卷别 段首句
句 句
人与自然·介绍了在室内
种植植物的好处以及如
乙卷 说明文 0 3 2
何选择适宜室内种植的
植物
人与自我·介绍了成为一
甲卷 说明文 1 3 1
个有耐心的人的技巧
2023
2023年1月· 人与社会·如何使坐火车
说明文 1 4 0
浙江卷 旅行尽可能愉快的建议
人与社会·开始艺术之旅
新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 1 3 1
的好建议
人与自我·自我原谅的一
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 0 4 1
些具体方法
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与社会·寻找锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
2022 甲卷 说明文 人与社会·外出用餐礼仪 1 3 1
乙卷 说明文 人与社会·如何维持友谊 3 1 1
人与社会·体验巴黎人的
新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 1 4 0
生活
人与社会·旧衣物交换活
2021 甲卷 说明文 1 4 0
动
人与自我·使自己变得有
乙卷 说明文 2 2 1
趣
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中阅读七选五的考查了12次。主要考查：
主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和上下文逻辑关系句(细节支撑)三类。其中，上下文逻辑关系
句是考查的重点。
【备考策略】系统归类阅读七选五的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
阅读七选五以说明文为主，其结构非常的鲜明，设空处前后提示信息很明显，考查考生理解语篇整体或者局
部的基本结构，以及上下文的逻辑关系和基本的同义改写能力。说明文阅读七选五将在2024年高考中出现。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】根据逻辑关系线索解题
一篇文章往往是一个有机的整体，各部分之间存在着一定的联系。从逻辑意义上来看，句子与句子之间常常
有并列、顺承、递进、转折、总分、解释、因果等关系，有时甚至包含多种这样的关系。因此，理解阅读材料时
一定要把握文章脉络，弄清其中的逻辑关系。如果文中或选项中出现了逻辑关系词，考生就可以利用逻辑关系词
来进行推断；如果文中或选项中未出现逻辑关系词，这就需要考生全面理解文章大意，根据上下文语境弄清文章
内在的逻辑关系，做出正确的判断。
【解题指南】
句际逻辑关系
一组意义相关的句子，按照一定的逻辑关系排列起来，就能在语篇中表达一个层次的意思。这种
逻辑关系有时是显性的，即运用明显的过渡词语来表达出来；有时是隐性的，即不使用任何过渡词
语，仅凭句子的排列顺序来表达。语篇中的句际关系主要有以下诸类。
1） 平列关系
平列关系指句子之间在语义上处于平等并立的地位，互不相属。如果改变句子的排列顺序，并不影
响整个语段的意义。例如：
All the people on our block give us trouble. Mrs. Brown calls the police whenever we go to play ball on
the street. Mrs. Johnson complains that skateboarding makes too much noise. If we happen to stray into Mr.
Hardy's yard, he yells at us.
上面这个语段中，后面三句是平列关系，共同说明“社区所有人都给我们带来麻烦”这一主题。
2)时序关系
时序关系指各个句子只能按事物发展的时间先后顺序排列，不可随意改动次序，常用于描述事件过
程或者操作流程。例如：
We had a hard time getting Peter out of the hole he had fallen into. First, we made a rope by linking our
belts together. Then we lowered it to Peter, telling him to grasp the end. After he had hold of the rope, we began to
pull him slowly out of the hole. As he came up, no one dared to speak a word. Finally, we could grasp him arms,
and with a sigh of relief, we pulled him out onto the grassy bank.
上面这个语段中，后五句话是时序关系，共同说明“我们好不容易才把Peter拉出掉进的坑”这一过
程。描述中，分别用了first，then，after，as，finally这些描述顺序的关联过渡词语，使得文章脉络清
晰。
3) 层递关系
层递关系指句子间按照语义的轻重、认知的深浅作由轻到重、由浅入深、由主到次的顺序排列。例
如：
I seem to be suffering from all the illnesses imaginable: insomnia (失眠), headache, backache, indigestion
(消化不良), constipation (便秘) and pains in the stomach. To make things still worse (更糟糕的是), I've caught a
cold, I've got a sore throat, and I'm constantly sneezing and coughing. To crown it all (最糟糕的是), I had an
accident the other day, hurt my right shoulder, leg and knee, and nearly broke my neck. If I take a long walk, I get
short of breath. In fact, I feel more dead than alive.
上面语段中，作者用层层递进的方式描述了自己的不幸遭遇，感到生不如死。to make things
worse 和 to crown it all，清楚地表现了这种层递关系。
4)转折关系
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】转折关系指句子间意义表达发生转折，常用于进行对比、对照。例如：
Cloning takes the DNA from a single cell to create a whole new individual. A clone is an organism which is
genetically identical to another one. But it's now certain that no clone is an exact copy because of differences in
experiences and upbringing.(克隆技术通过提取单个细胞的DNA来创造出一个完整的新个体。克隆体在基
因上与另一个有机体是相同的。然而，现在可以确定的是，由于经历和成长环境的不同，没有哪个克隆
体是一丝不差的复制品。)
又例如：
It's tempting to see the life of a journalist as glamorous and exciting, but as with any other occupation, there
is a lot of hard work and routine activity. It also depends on what kind of publication you work for. However, each
day is different and you will cover a wide range of news stories and features.
5）总分关系
总分关系指前面的句子涉及两个或多个对象，后面的句子紧接着分别他们加以说明。这种组织方式
使语段前后呼应，彼此配合，意义表达条理分明。例如：
Friends come in many flavors. There are best friends, school friends, fair-weather friends ( 顺 境 朋
友), forever friends and many more. Best friends are friends with whom you spend a lot of time and with whom
you share all your thoughts and feelings. School friends are different: you see each other in school and you study
and have fun together, but you may not know everything about each other. Fair-weather friends are friends who
only like you when you are happy or when you are popular. If you are feeling down, or if you are having a
problem, fair-weather friends don't want to spend time or talk with you. Forever friends are friends that will
always listen to you and try to help you, even if you disagree or if you are having a problem.
这一语段首先提出“朋友有许多种”，然后分别对 best friends，school friends，fair-weather
friends 和 forever friends 进行解释和说明。
6) 解释关系
解释关系指后面的句子对前面的句子进行阐释、引申、例证，从而使意义表达更加明了、具体、生
动，更有说服力。例如：
Do you know that the average person puts only 25% of his energy and ability into his work? That means
those who use 50% of their ability really stand out from the rest. And the very few who actually give their full
100% of strength and smarts to their work become the most successful. Many people want the greener grass, but
they don't want to pay the higher water bill to get it!
普通人在工作或学习中只投入了25%的精力和能力。根据这一论断，作者进行了引申和阐释：投入
50%就会出类拔萃，投入100%就会最成功。最后告诫普通人：草坪要比别家更加翠绿，就要比别人承担
更多水费。
7) 因果关系
因果关系指句子之间在逻辑上存在因果联系。在排列方式上，既可以采用前因后果，也可以采用前
果后因。例如：
Advertisers discovered years ago that all of us love to get something out of nothing. An advertisement which
begins with the magic word FREE can rarely go wrong. These days, advertisers not only offer free samples, but
free cars, free houses, and free trips around the world as well.
又例如：
The quiet life of the country has never appealed to me. City born and city bred (城里生，城里长), I have
always regarded the country as something you look at through a train window or something you occasionally visit
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】during the weekend.
8)比拟关系
比拟关系指把深奥抽象的事物比喻为浅显易懂、具体生动的事物。从而达到深入浅出、通俗易懂、
形象生动的表达效果。例如：
The surface of the earth is like the skin of an orange, which cannot be spread out flat unless it is torn into
strips. That is why flat maps of the whole earth always distort its appearance.
此段把较为抽象的地球表面比拟成人们熟悉的橘子皮，形象地说明了为什么平面地图难以展示地球
的真正地貌。
又例如：
Mercy brings good. Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth. It is twice blessed: It blesses
those who give it, and those who receive it. It's the highest of the highest. We should learn to show mercy to
others.（宽恕带来善意。宽恕像一场从细雨，从天空飘向大地。它是双倍的赐福:既护佑宽恕他人的人,也
护佑受到宽恕的人。这是至高无上的美德。我们应该学会宽恕别人。）
【典例1】【2023年1月·浙江卷】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两
项为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic vacation on
a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to make a trip by rail as
pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly. ____36____
But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章讲述一些关于如何使坐火车旅行尽可能愉快的建议。
36．根据上文“Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
(提前计划。大多数长途火车，尤其是卧铺，很快就卖光了。)”以及下文“But no matter when you travel, it’s a good
idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance. (但无论你什么时候去旅行，最好至少提前90天预订。)”可
知，大多数长途火车的卧铺很容易被定完，所以要提前安排预定，D项“在繁忙的夏季尤其如此。”符合语境，D
项中“busy summer months”与前后文呼应，说明忙碌的夏季尤其需要提前计划。故选D项。设空处和前面是层递
关系。
【典例2】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
·Don't rely on technology alone
40 ， but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to
seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】本段小标题提到不要只依靠技术，空后一句表示“远距离的友谊，即使是亲密的朋友之间，可能需
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】要更多有意识的努力来维持”，再根据空后的转折连词 but可知，设空处应与空后内容形成转折关系，故 F项(通
过社交媒体很容易产生一种联系感)符合语境。
【典例3】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-
floor apartment the size of a cupboard.It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn't entirely authentic, though.Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked.37.There
was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des
portes，” in perfect French.That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame I don't have much use for it.
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.
【解析】本题为段中过渡句。根据空后提示词So可知，空处与空后一句之间为因果关系。空前一句提到“我
和丈夫刚刚在巴黎待了一周”，空后一句提到“所以，我们做的第一件事情就是花大价钱租了一个橱柜大小、位
于六楼的公寓”，因此F项(我们的目的是看看在某种程度上我们是否能像真正的巴黎人一样生活)说明了作者在巴
黎租住公寓的原因，符合本段语境。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】（2023·山东师范大学附属中学高三6月试题）
The power of positive thinking
Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty? 1 Do they focus on the positives (a half-full glass) or the
negatives (a half-empty one)? Thinking positively, with a belief that most things will turn out well, is called optimism —
and it’s known to boost your well-being. The good news is that everybody can learn to think more positively.
2
Research shows that people who are optimistic and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when
faced with life’s challenges. People who are more pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe
that these challenges will pass.
Worrying is like a fire alarm.
Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe — if you were never worried and were
overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks. “ 3 It’s like a fire alarm,” says
child psychotherapist Rachel Melville-Thomas. “The trouble is that sometimes it goes off when there isn’t a huge danger to
face.” When this happens, you can feel anxious and hopeless about what lies ahead.
Learn to think positively.
Optimism is shaped by your genes which carry characteristics inherited from your parents and by what happens to you.
4 Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing
guitar, having passed your next grade. 5
A．Your genes will in turn help obtain it.
B．This question makes you lost in thought.
C．Why is thinking positively good for you?
D．Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.
E．Worrying is our brain warning us of something threatening.
F．However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.
G．This saying is often used to test people’s outlook in a situation.
【答案】1．G 2．C 3．E 4．F 5．D
【文章大意】本文是说明文。主要介绍了积极的思考带来的好处，以及怎么样学会积极的思考。
1．根据前文“Is your glass of milk half-full or half-empty?(你的牛奶是半满的还是半空的?)”以及后文“Do they focus
on the positives (a half-full glass) or the negatives (a half-empty one)?(他们关注的是积极的一面(半满的杯子)还是消极
的一面(半空的杯子)?)”可知，空处应是对前一句的解释，前句是做什么用的，所以G项“This saying is often used
to test people’s outlook in a situation.(这句话经常被用来测试人们在某种情况下的看法)”符合文意，其中This saying
指代前文那句话。故选G项。
2．分析设空，可知是本段的小标题，是对本段的概括，根据下文“Research shows that people who are optimistic
and think positively tend to experience less stress and cope well when faced with life’s challenges. People who are more
pessimistic (expect that the worst will happen) may find it hard to believe that these challenges will pass.(研究表明，乐观
和积极思考的人在面对生活挑战时往往会经历更少的压力，并能很好地应对。更悲观的人(认为最坏的事情会发生)
可能很难相信这些挑战会过去)”可知，本段主要讲述了，乐观和积极思考的好处，所以C项“Why is thinking
positively good for you?(为什么积极思考对你有好处?)”符合文意。故选C项。
3．根据前文“Everybody can worry from time to time. Worrying can help to keep you safe—if you were never worried
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】and were overly positive about how things would turn out, you wouldn’t recognize risks.(每个人都会时不时地担心。担心
可以帮助你保持安全——如果你从不担心，对事情的结果过于乐观，你就不会意识到风险)”可知，本段主要讲述了
担心的好处，在根据本段小标题“Worrying is like a fire alarm.(忧虑就像火警)”，可知E项“Worrying is our brain
warning us of something threatening.(担心是我们的大脑警告我们有危险。)”符合本段主题，其中Worrying为同词复
现。故选E项。
4．根据前文“Optimism is shaped by your genes, which carry characteristics inherited from your parents, and by what
happens to you.(乐观是由你的基因塑造的，它带有从你父母那里遗传来的特征，也由你身上发生的事情决定)”以及
后文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an outcome that’s positive —for example, an image of you
playing guitar, having passed your next grade. (研究表明，画或写一个积极的结果会有所帮助——例如，你弹吉他的
画面，已经通过了下一个等级)”可知，F项“However, whatever your starting point is, everyone can learn it.(然而，无
论你的出发点是什么，每个人都可以学习它)”和前文构成转折关系，且和后文构成顺承关系。故选F项。
5．分析设空，谓语段尾，应是对前文的总结，所以根据前文“Research has shown that it can help to draw or write an
outcome that’s positive-for example, an image of you playing guitar, having passed your next grade.(研究表明，画或写一
个积极的结果是有帮助的——比如，你弹吉他的画面，通过了下一个等级)”可知，前文讲述想象积极的结果是有帮
助的，所以D项“Imagining this can motivate you to work to achieve it.(想象这个可以激励你致力于去实现它)”符合
文意，是对前文的总结。故选D项。
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】
How to Stop Laughing at Inappropriate Times
Although laughing at inappropriate times can be embarrassing, it’s actually a natural reaction for some people when
they’re facing a highly stressful situation. When you can’t stop laughing, you can deal with it instead.
____36____ It takes time to learn how to prevent your tendency to laugh, but distraction is an easy way to stop
yourself, in the meantime. Try one of these options for shifting your thoughts away from what’s setting off your laughter.
Identify what makes you laugh inappropriately. Do you laugh out of nervousness, or do you laugh to deal with painful
feelings? Maybe you laugh because you have a lot of energy or have trouble finding the words you want to say.
____37____
Choose replacement behavior for the laughter. ____38____ For example, nod, lick (舔) your lips, exhale (呼气)
slowly, or click a pen. What you decide to replace your laughter with depends on the circumstances that are causing your
laughter. For example, you may laugh nervously during work meetings. If this is the case, click your pen instead of
laughing.
Create a plan for replacing your laughter. ____39____ Reviewing your plan in your mind makes it more likely that
you’ll be able to follow through.
Practice mindfulness (冥思). ____40____ Besides, it helps keep you aware of your surroundings. This, in turn, can
help prevent laughing caused by distracting thoughts.
A．It’s not easy to learn mindfulness.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
