文档内容
考点 12 阅读理解
推理判断之引申推断（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之引申推断
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
[2023·新高考全国 ( )24.What can we learn about John from the first 引申推断
two paragraphs?
Ⅰ卷]B
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ ( )34.What can we learn from the example given 引申推断
in Paragraph 5?
卷]D
【2023年1月·浙江 26．What can we infer about the author? 引申推断
卷】B
[2023·全国甲卷]D ( )35.What can be inferred from the last 引申推断
paragraph?
[2023·全国乙卷]B ( )26.What can we infer from the autho’s trip with 引申推断
friends to Devil’s Lake?
2022 2022·新高考I卷 阅读A23.3. What will happen if you submit an 引申推断
essay one week after the due date?
C篇31. What can we learn about the project from
the last two paragraphs?
2022·全国高考乙卷 D篇35. What can be inferred about the adoption of 引申推断
the sugar tax policy?
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 B篇27．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne 引申推断
Reserve?
D篇33．What can we infer about girls from the
study in Science?
2021·全国高考乙卷 B篇27．What can be inferred about the landline 引申推断
from the last paragraph?
D篇35．What can we infer about the author from
the text?
2021·全国新高考 I C篇30．What is a direct result of the Act passed 引申推断
卷 in 1934?2021·全国新高考 II D篇34．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys 引申推断
卷 to watch cattle?
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中引申推断考查了11次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出
文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出
的结论。
【备考策略】系统归类引申推断的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的引申推断，考查考生的逻辑思维能力、思辨能力和批评性思维。因此，引申推断题将在
2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之引申推断考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有引申推断题以考查学生的推理判
断能力，推理判断题的答案是通过对文章中材料的分析得出的结论，它不是文章中直接的事实。预测在2024高考
中，引申推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之引申推断考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What can be inferred about the ......?
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph?
3．What can we learn from ......?
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text?
如何解决引申推断题？
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在
关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观
点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，
assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the rightcombination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what
he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series
of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some
plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one
another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!
Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)
from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast
China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the
inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems
develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was fond of travelling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re
lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in
urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a
written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these
submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and
listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the
coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include
encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities
that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be
satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more
domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for
that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
( )34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
3.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and
I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along
the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change
in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came
back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own
bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start
personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the
cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on
what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your
words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
26．What can we infer about the author?
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
4.[2023·全国甲卷]
D
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American
psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood
into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears
expand their range into places where they havent been seen in a century or more, theyre increasingly being sighted by
humans.
The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living
alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800
grizzlies remained on a mere 2 per cent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under
the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish
and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be
hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions(预防) arent taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals orwalking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will
typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also
highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through
without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
( )35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
5.[2023·全国乙卷]
B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly
because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to
shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on
adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right
destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of
beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock
around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene
at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to
climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost
missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.
Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have
been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the autho’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
6.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would
generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was
introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three
times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months
showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）
so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to
avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p
for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for
fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small
companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising
millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a
healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
7.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf
(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And
officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to
breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another
calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time
mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather
warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves
will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on
January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all
born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos
a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
1.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试】
One aspect of the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many homes and businesses burn natural gas for
heating and cooking. Natural gas gives out greenhouse gases as well as other pollutants that can harm health. Gas
appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versions and tap into clean electricity.
Panama Bartholomy is the director of the Building Decarbonization Coalition. His group, based in Petaluma, Calif.,focuses on limiting gas emissions indoors. “We assume the electric grid (输电网) is getting cleaner over time, which it is.
So, we want more and more of our heating to come from electricity.”
It’s much easier to make these types of transitions when governments recommend them, says Beth Miller. She is an
ecologist and consultant with Good Company. Based in Eugene, Ore., it helps companies and communities reduce their
carbon footprint. Some states are already taking steps to make these changes. On September 22, for instance, California
decided it would ban the sale of gas-fired space heaters and water heaters by 2030.
After homes and businesses make the switch to electric alternatives, they will be more comfortable, says Bartholomy.
They will be safer and cleaner, too, he adds. Instead of a gas furnace(燃气炉), an electric heat pump could both heat and
cool a home. Gas heaters and stoves won’t be pumping pollution into a home’s air. And cooks will have even more control
on a modern electric cooker than on a gas stove says Bartholomy.
Getting natural gas out of your home is probably the largest positive impact you can have for the planet, Bartholomy
says. “We all need to fight for a livable climate. There is no way to meet our climate goals while still burning gas in
buildings. For a livable future, we must take measures to stop burning natural gas, though we know we have a long way to
go.” And the bonus: It now looks like doing that should also save people a lot of money.
14．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Homes will be safer. B．Gas stoves will be replaced soon.
C．Homes’ air will have more pollutants. D．Cooks prefer to use traditional cookers.
2.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
People spend about a third of their lives sleeping. That might sound like time wasted, but it’s not. Even in a deep sleep,
the brain is busy. It’s hard at work sorting memories, cleansing itself of harmful wastes and more. This time of rest also
helps the body build stronger bones and heal wounds faster. Experts recommend that teens get about nine hours of sleep
each night. But surveys show that only about one-third of 18-year-old report getting at least seven hours of sleep per night.
As teens go through puberty(青春期), they become natural night owls. Their bodies don’t release the hormone melatonin
(褪黑激素)—which tells the brain it’s time for bed—until later at night. This shifts their circadian rhythm(昼夜节律) so
that sleep comes most easily between 11 p.m. and 8 a.m. But most pubic middle and high schools in the United States start
before 8:30 a.m. And that’s a major problem.
Another reason for teens’ widespread sleep shortage maybe screens. Survey data from 370.000 U.S. teens has shown
an increase in trading sleep for screen time. But losing sleep to screens isn’t just a matter of choosing to stay up later. The
light emitted by phones, laptops and the other devices makes the brain resist sleepiness. That’s because the glow contains
blue wavelengths also found in sunlight. This can deceive the brain into thinking it’s daytime.
Lack of sleep has been linked to unhealthy eating and feeling more anxious. Sleep-deprived people also have higher
risk of feeling depressed, using alcohol or drugs, or getting in car accidents. Research suggests that people who use screens
in bed have a harder time nodding off. New LED tech could lessen that effect. But in the meantime, experts suggest putting
away electronics at least 30 minutes before bed. “It might be hard to quit a lively group chat or save the next episode of a
show until tomorrow, but turn off and turn in. Your body and brain will thank you.”
8．What does the first paragraph imply?
A．There is more for the brain to deal with.
B．The brain is the busiest during sleeping time.
C．Sleep is vital to our health and wellbeing.
D．Many are suffering sleep-related problems.
3.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟】
