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考点 11 阅读理解
推理判断之作者的写作态度（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之写作态度
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ 35.What is the author’s attitude toward 写作态度
Navajas’ studies?
卷]D
【2023年1月·浙江 25．What was the attitude of the author’s 写作态度
卷】B father toward buying groceries with jars?
2021 2021·新高考I卷 阅读 D34. What is the author’s attitude to the 写作态度
popularization of emotional intelligence?
2021·北京 65. What mainly helped the author change 写作态度
his/her attitude toward the project？
2020 2020年新课标Ⅰ卷 C篇31. Which word best describes the 写作态度
author’s attitude to race walking?
2020 年，天津卷， 23.What is the author's attitude towards the prospect 写作态度
第一次高考 of electric flying?
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中作者的写作态度考查了4次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断作者的写作态度。作者的写作态度的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文
章中作者对某事物的态度和看法；2.作者的态度一般分为三种：支持；反对；中立。
【备考策略】系统归类作者的写作态度的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中，推断作者的写作态度考查考生对作者基于文章某事的态度和看法，以达到和作者共鸣。因
此，推断作者的写作态度的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之写作态度考点是高考中的常考点。作者发表文章总有自己的观点和主张，也会自然流露出对某事
的态度。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题。预测在2024高考中，写作态度可能会在高考阅读理
解中呈现。
【推理判断之写作态度考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：1.What is the author’s attitude to ......?
2. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to......?
3. The author’s attitude towards ....... may best be described as .
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、
批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如
possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致
的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟
悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失
望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be
known as the“wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average
of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will
tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other
out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t
cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for
whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding
of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the
averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance,
the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average
obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members
actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those
least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently,
the groups reported that they“shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in
a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential
implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A.Unclear.
B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful.
D.Approving.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了两项关于“群体智慧”效应的研究。35.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,
the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.”可知,虽然纳瓦哈斯领导的研究有局
限性,仍然存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此推知,作者对纳瓦哈斯的研究表示一定的赞
许和支持。
【解题指导】句中Although是重要的解题信息，它表达了一种语气，预示着作者是正能力的态度，而选项中只有
D approving是褒义词。
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and
I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along
the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change
in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came
back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own
bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start
personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the
cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on
what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your
words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
【答案】 25．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad
commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，我带着第一罐
零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推知，作者的父亲不赞成
用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
【解题指导】文中的discouraging和选项中的disapproved都是贬义词。
3.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people
now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by
an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown
that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotionalintelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,
while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a
moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the
overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a
new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-
being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality
of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a
greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science
will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its
focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【答案】34. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了情商的定义以及对有关于情商未来研究的期望。
推理判断题。通过文章第三段“the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. …The
popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers (宣传的总体效果一直是利大于弊。这
种普及最积极的方面是雇主、教育者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人对情感进行了新的、迫切需要的强调。情
商的普及帮助了公众和研究人员)”可推知，作者认为情商普及是对人们有利的。故选A项。
4.【2020·全国I】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer
injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer
race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay
straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange
form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise
science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at
a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they
would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research,
runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the
ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race
walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first
consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.306Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
【答案】B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人，要想从事这样运动
要谨慎，最好咨询专家的建议。
推理判断题。根据第一段“Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely
contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.”可知，研究表明，竞走和跑步一样有很多健身益
处，而且它还很少导致受伤。不过，它也有自己的问题。由此判断出作者对于竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
One summer midnight, standing outside a wooden house in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, I looked up. The sight of
thousands of stars was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of gratitude up into the star-filled sky. But to
whom? Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.
A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness
unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is threatened. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches
in Sweden housed bat caves. Not any longer. “Today, this number has been reduced by a third due to light pollution, because
the churches all glow brightly in the night.” he writes.
We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit. The night sky in Hong Kong
is 1200 times brighter than an unlit one. Citizens of some large cities, writes Eklof, have never allowed their eyes to adapt to
true night vision. But we are only now beginning to understand the effects.
Too much light is incredibly destructive to the complex eco-systems many animals inhabit. It scares away the bats that
Eklof studies; reef fish eggs go unhatched; birds forget to even sing.
So how can we deal with the too much light? In 2019, France passed laws limiting how much light can be sent into the
sky. In Vienna, Austria, the city’s lights are turned off at 11 p.m. Some measures, like artificial lights that do not reflect light
upward, are already within our grasp. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to, because darkness is not
safe for everyone.” said Eklof in a recent interview. “So it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right now, it’s hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by
environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is — the sky filled with little
moons.
8．What do we know about Eklofs work?
A．It reduces light pollution. B．It focuses on stars and sky.
C．It strengthens people’s belief. D．It requires a specific condition.
9．What can replace the underlined “it” in meaning in paragraph 3?
A．Darkness. B．An unlit city.
C．Floodlighting. D．The night sky.
10．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about regarding light pollution?
A．Cause and damage. B．Effect and solution.
C．Consequence and disadvantage. D．Analysis and potential.
11．What is the writer’s attitude toward lighting management?A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．B 11．A
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍光污染对动物造成的影响，以及当前的一些应对办法。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段的“A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires
an absolute kind of darkness unpolluted by light. (Eklof 是一名蝙蝠科学家，他在瑞典西部的夜色中工作。他的作品需
要一种完全没有光线污染的黑暗)”可知，Eklof 的工作需要特定的条件——没有光线污染的黑暗。故选D。
9．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit.
(晚上开车经过任何一个城市时，我们都注意到了这一点。空的地方都被强力照明)”可知，晚上我们开车经过任何
一个城市都会注意到空的地方都有强光。由此猜测，it指的是强力照明的情况。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Too much light is incredibly destructive to the complex eco-systems many animals
inhabit. It scares away the bats that Eklof studies; reef fish eggs go unhatched; birds forget to even sing.(过多的光线对许
多动物栖息的复杂生态系统造成了难以置信的破坏。它吓跑了Eklof 研究的蝙蝠；珊瑚礁鱼卵不孵化；鸟儿甚至
忘记唱歌)”可知，第四段介绍了强力照明带来的影响；根据第五段的“In 2019, France passed laws limiting how
much light can be sent into the sky. In Vienna, Austria, the city’s lights are turned off at 11 p.m. Some measures, like
artificial lights that do not reflect light upward, are already within our grasp. (2019年，法国通过了限制向天空发射光线
数量的法律。在奥地利维也纳，该市的灯在晚上11点关闭。一些措施，如不向上反射光线的人造灯，已经在我们
的掌握之中)”可知，第五段主要介绍了应对光污染的方法。即四五段是关于光污染的影响和解决方法。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Right now, it’s hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every
city could be lit by environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is — the sky
filled with little moons.(现在，很难知道“middle way ”方法会是什么样子。50年后，每个城市都可以用对环境影响
小的灯照亮，或者我们可能已经完全忘记了黑暗是什么——天空中布满了小月亮)”可知，“middle way”有可能是
让人们使用对环境影响小的灯照明，也可能让天空挂满了小月亮。由此推知，作者对解决光污染的方法持中立态
度。故选A。
2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
All human languages use vowels and consonants (元音和辅音) to express ideas. Most primates (灵长类)
communicate almost using vowel-like calls, but non-human great apes (猿), like chimpanzees, produce consonant-like
sounds to varying degrees. This raises the question of where consonants came from, says Adriano Lameira at the University
of Warwick. To find it out, he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes.
He found that orangutans (猩猩), which spend most of their time in the trees, produce a greater number and variety of
consonant sounds than gorillas and chimpanzees living on the ground. “Orangutans have rich sounds like kiss sounds,
scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sounds while building nests or commencing with their young.
Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are exports at processing protected foods. Like nuts,
which often requires tools. While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability.
They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a
“fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.
This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira. This could mean that our
early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “There’s a growing sense that our
dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.
The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues Lameira,
because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questionssome aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by
characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.
12．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Why vowels and consonants are used. B．What ideas the consonants express.
C．Where the consonants came from. D．How common the consonants are.
13．What fact can support Adriano Lamerica’s assumption about orangutans?
A．They build nests with their young. B．They are skillful in employing tools.
C．They show stability in controlling arms. D．They gain advanced motor skill of mouths.
14．What can we infer from Adriano Lameira’s findings?
A．Consonant sounds were made by our earliest ancestors.
B．Our ancestors depended more on trees than believed.
C．The link between feeding and sounds applies to monkeys.
D．Monkeys differ from orangutans in eating habits.
15．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption?
A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究者发现大部分时间生活在树上的猩猩比生活在地面上的大猩猩
和黑猩猩发出的辅音数量和种类都要多。
12．词句猜测题。根据第一段的“This raises the question of where consonants came from(这就提出了辅音从何而来的
问题)”和“he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes(他研究了现存的文献，
想看看类人猿的辅音有多普遍)”可知，Adriano Lameira是为了发现辅音从何而来，it指的是“辅音的来源”，故选
C。
13．细节理解题。根据第三段的“While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to
maintain stability. They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to
use their mouths as a “fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.(然而，当生活在树上时，猩猩
必须至少使用一只手臂来保持稳定。因此，它们已经发展出对嘴唇、舌头和下颚的更复杂的控制，使它们能够把
嘴作为“第五肢”来使用，例如，猩猩只用嘴唇就能剥橙子。)”和第四段的“This advanced motor skill enables
orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira.(拉米拉认为，这种先进的运动技能使猩猩能够发出类似辅音
的声音。)”可知，支持Adriano Lameira关于猩猩的假设的是他们获得了高级的嘴巴运动技能，故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“This could mean that our early ancestors developed consonant sounds while
hanging around in the trees, too. “There’s a growing sense that our dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than
we think,” says Lameira.(这可能意味着我们的早期祖先在树上闲逛时也学会了辅音。Lameira说：“人们越来越意识
到，我们对树木的依赖比我们想象的要大得多，也要深得多。”)”可知，我们的祖先比人们想象的更依赖树木，故
选B。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段的““This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle
University, though he questions some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants
remain, which could be tested by characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.(“这是
一个值得检验的有趣假设，”Newcastle大学的Chris Petkov说，尽管他对某些方面提出了质疑。他说，由于人类
不是在树上生活的，所以辅音保留下来一定有其他原因，这可以通过在不同物种之间更系统地描述类似辅音的声
音来验证。)”可知，Chris Petkov对Adriano Lameira的假设的态度是谨慎的，故选D。
