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考点 14 阅读理解
推理判断之描述人物或事物特征（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之描述人物、事件特征
题型
试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
2023 [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 26.Which of the following best describes the impact 描述事件
of the programme?
卷]B
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the 描述事件
beginning of the text?
卷]D
[2023·全国乙卷]C 28.What do people usually think of British food? 描述事件
[2023·全国乙卷]C 29.Which best describes cookery programmes on 描述事件
British TV?
2022 2022·新高考全国II What does the author think of himself? 描述人物
2020 2020 年，天津卷， How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s 描述人物
第二次高考 request?
2020 年，新高考全 Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's 描述事件
国Ⅰ卷 road trip in Uzbekistan?
2020 年 1 月，浙江 2020年1月，浙江卷 描述人物
卷
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中描述人物或事物的考点考查了5次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或部分内容及事实来推断作者对人物和事物特征的描述。描述人物或事物特征的方法：1.根据文
章尤其是记叙文对人物或事件的描述来推断人物的特征，推断人物特征时，要注意当遇到两个并列词的时候，这
两个词都必须符合人物或事件的特征；2.描述事物特征，可以通过作者在文章中流露出的思想感情来判断。
【备考策略】系统归类描述人物或事物特征的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的描述人物或事物特征，考查考生归纳总结能力、培养有情感、有情怀的人。因此，推断描
述人物或事物特征题还将在2024年高考中出现。
【2024年高考命题预测】
描述人物、事件特征考点是高考中的常考点。一篇记叙文中总说有一些人物出现，描述人物的性质特征以及
人物对事件的看法是命题者常出话题。预测在2024高考中，描述人物、事件特征题可能会继续在高考阅读理解中
呈现。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【推理判断之描述人物、事件特征考点指南】
描述人物、事件特征考点常考问题：
1．Which of the following best describes......?
2．According to the text, which words can best describe ......?
3.Which of the following best describe ...... according to Paragraph ...?
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
5.What did the author think of ......?
【高考命题思路和方法】
高考阅读理解中常有描述人物或事物特点的阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对人物的事迹、语言、心理等进行描
述，进而让考生推测人物或事物的性格特征。
【备考实战方法】
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要
和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
【描写人物事物特征的形容词】
generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 需要高技能(或耐性等)的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难
满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；
optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的;
擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；
ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才
能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；
humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的;
悟性强的; 有智力的; 有理解和学习能力的；grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型;
体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的;
尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；
satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；
sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的；energetic充满活
力的；courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
【典例1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at
first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-
income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy
lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft
drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are
initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook
the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they
went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they
bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on
Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and
they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme?
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Abby Jaramillo和另一位老师在学校开设Urban Sprouts学校园艺项目,带领
学生种菜的经历及其对学生身心健康产生的积极影响。
26.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“…the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so
interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden
seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students…”可知,该项目的好处不仅限于营养。一些学
生对园艺工作非常感兴趣,他们会把种子带回家,开始种自己的菜园。此外,在花园工作似乎对Jaramillo的接受特殊
教育的学生有镇静作用。由此可推知,这个项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
【典例2】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re
lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in
urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a
written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these
submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and
listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the
coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include
encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities
that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be
satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more
domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for
that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】( )32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中找到原
生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
32.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is
becoming harder to find.”和“…it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.”可知,随着城市迅猛发展,城市
居民与自然环境的接触逐渐减少,在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的。故文章开头描述的现象是在城市里很难
找到原生态的大自然。故选B项。
【同义句表达】选项is hard to find in cities→it’s unusual to find places in a city
【典例3】[2023·全国乙卷]
C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and
two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive
cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books
frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-
veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number
of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or
improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK
universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has
encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they
used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs
have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also
getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery
shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,
its no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )28.What do people usually think of British food?
A.It is simple and plain.
B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes.
D.It deserves a high reputation.
( )29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?
A.Authoritative.
B.Creative.
C.Profitable.
D.Influential.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了英国的电视烹饪节目对英国人的饮食习惯产生了巨大的影响,很多人开始
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】摆脱过去的饮食习惯,而且它也改变了人们对烹饪的看法。
28.A 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables.But is
British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine…”可知,提到英
国食物人们想到的可能是炸鱼薯条,或者是周日的肉和两种蔬菜晚餐。人们通常认为英国食物不太让人感兴趣,给人
的印象不那么深刻,即简单和普通。故选A项。
29.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are
turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.”及
“It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.”可知,电视烹饪节目上的厨师们让
英国人远离传统的“一荤两素”和现成餐食,并开始在烹饪习惯上变得更加冒险,电视节目似乎帮助改变了人们对烹
饪的看法。由此可推知,英国电视上的烹饪节目很有影响力。故选D项。
【典例4】【新疆昌吉学联体第三次高考适应性联考】
On January 9, 2022, it was another cold morning. Temperatures reached lows of 17. 6 °F (-8℃). Dusti Talavera, a
housewife in the south suburbs of Denver, was washing dishes in her kitchen when she witnessed a frightening scene
outside her kitchen window. Glancing out her kitchen window, she noticed a group of young children playing on an icy
pond. Moments later, the children fell through the ice.
Dusti’s heart raced as she saw the children fall through the ice, and she immediately grabbed her shoes to run outside.
Submerged（淹没）in the freezing water, the children had lost the strength to stay above the surface. Their fingers were
only visible as they desperately tried to grab onto the edges of the ice.
Without hesitation, Dusti placed her own life at risk by stepping on the thin, unstable ice to try to reach the three
children. As she reached her hands out to grab them, she also broke the ice and fell into the 15-foot deep pond.
Dusti was first able to reach and pull out the 4-year-old girl and 11-year-old boy. She struggled to reach the last child, a
6-year-old girl. After hearing the loud screams for help, the young girl’s 16-year-old cousin suddenly arrived on scene. He
threw Dusti a rope, which she used to drag herself and the young girl out of the water.
All three children were pulled out of the icy water as first responders arrived on scene. The 6-year-old girl was not
breathing and had no pulse after being submerged in the icy water for two minutes. First responders performed life-saving
CPR. Once the girl was able to breathe on her own, the EMTs (emergency medical technicians) rushed her to the hospital.
5．Which of the following best describes Dusti?
A．Generous. B．Brave.
C．Demanding. D．Impatient.
【文章内容定位】根据文章第三段第一句Without hesitation, Dusti placed her own life at risk by stepping on the thin,
unstable ice to try to reach the three children. （达斯蒂毫不犹豫地踏上薄薄、不稳定的冰面，试图接触到三个孩子，
从而将自己的生命置于危险之中。）→关键词→Without hesitation（毫不犹豫）；at risk（冒着生命危险）
【选项B】Brave（勇敢的）
【思维连接】文章内容关键词→Without hesitation（毫不犹豫）；at risk（冒着生命危险）→Brave（勇敢的）【正
确选项B】
【典例5】【吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三）】
Christmas 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33-year-old son had lost
his battle with a long illness. Then the transmission (变速器) on her 2007 Chevrolet Tahoe failed to work. She had no
means of paying for it to be fixed.
“When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN. “Now I don’t have my baby, and I don’t have transportation.
How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren’s lives?”
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】Eliot Middleton, 38, who is the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic, in his free time, repairs and
gives away used cars. He’d heard about Lee’s difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary, the mayor of Andrews,
South Carolina. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee’s home with a gift: a white 1993
Oldsmobile.
“I had no idea what was going on,” said Lee. “He handed me the keys and didn’t ask for anything.” Once again, she’s
able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. “I got my freedom back.”
The idea for the used-car giveaway came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he’d organized. Many of those
who’d lined up for a meal walked up to four miles to get there because they didn’t have cars. “Cars are a lifeline in this part
of South Carolina,” Middleton told CBS. “There’s no public transportation, no Ubers, no taxis to take people to job
interviews, doctor appointments, even food shopping.” So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty,
barbecued ribs, for broken-down vehicles. Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than 100 cars in various
states of disrepair. Many sit in Middleton’s yard waiting to be patched up and donated, usually to those he’s heard about
through word of mouth. It’s a list of names that grows daily.
“People think Eliot is an angel,” Mayor McClary told the Washington Post. “And I do too.”
27．According to the text, which words can best describe Middleton?
A．Outgoing and organized. B．Modest and optimistic.
C．Generous and cautious. D．Caring and skillful.
【文章内容定位】根据文章第三段中的“He’d heard about Lee’s difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary, the
mayor of Andrews, South Carolina. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee’s home with a gift: a
white 1993 Oldsmobile.(他从李的侄子、南卡罗来纳州安德鲁斯市市长弗兰克·麦克拉里那里听说了她的困难处境。
圣诞节早晨，米德尔顿突然出现在李的家中，带着一份礼物:一辆1993年的白色奥兹莫比尔。)”以及文中提到他给
很多人捐赠了二手车可知，米德尔顿是一个很有爱心的人；根据第三段“Eliot Middleton, 38, who is the owner of a
barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic, in his free time, repairs and gives away used cars.(38岁的艾略特·米德尔顿
是一家烧烤餐厅的老板，以前是一名汽车修理工。他在业余时间修理和赠送二手车。)”。 →关键词→a gift: a white
1993 Oldsmobile（带着一份礼物:一辆1993年的白色奥兹莫比尔）→repairs and gives away（修理和赠送）
【选项D】caring(有爱心的)和skillful(有技能的)
【思维连接】关键词repairs→skillful(有技能的)
关键词gives away→caring(有爱心的) 选项D caring(有爱心的)和skillful(有技能的)
【典例6】【安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】
During school life, Muhammad Tariq Khan developed an interest in playing badminton. Unfortunately, the school did
not have a coach, so he had to self-learn the sport. His dedication helped him become an under 12 Pakistan Champion at the
age of 10.
Coming from a working-class family, Khan had to work in a factory to earn money for his family. But driven by his
passion, Khan found out ways to watch other players play matches on the badminton court and he learned various
techniques used by experienced players. Meanwhile, Khan practiced badminton by hitting the shuttlecock (羽毛球) against
the walls of his home. Seeing his passion for the sport, his family bought him a net, a few wooden rackets, and a pack of
shuttles to practice at home. Later, Khan often practiced in an open court. To maintain strength, he went on daily morning
sprints (短跑) by the riverside to be fit.
His intense practice sessions had made him so skilled that he courageously attacked and played against the top-ranked
players. Soon he became a known player. Although he had a supportive family, he could not take up badminton as a full-
time career. In order to help his father with finances and shoulder responsibility for his brothers and sisters, he had to switch
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】his focus to build a long-lasting and stable career to sustain his family. After completing his degree in Bachelor of
Commerce from Sindh University in 1964, he joined the Pakistan International Airlines in 1967. As an adult, he
acknowledged the importance of his duties and performed them with great enthusiasm. Despite his daily office routine,
Khan did not leave his passion for sports and played regularly.
The journey of Khan’s achieving his goals is indeed challenging. His family had spent their initial days in a refugee (难
民) camp. Khan ever walked long distances from college to his house to avoid using public transport to save cash to buy
shuttlecocks.
Today he has been recognized by many reputable Pakistani platforms for his contribution to badminton. His personality
is inspirational for many young individuals, who can learn from him the art of balancing life pressures and sticking to a
passion!
7．Which of the following can best describe Khan?
A．Responsible and determined. B．Modest and creative.
C．Ambitious and adventurous. D．Cooperative and honest.
【文章内容定位】由第三段中的“In order to help his father with finances and shoulder responsibility for his brothers
and sisters, he had to switch his focus to build a long-lasting and stable career to sustain his family. (为了帮助父亲解决经
济问题，承担起照顾兄弟姐妹的责任，他不得不将注意力转移到建立一个长期稳定的职业来维持家庭)”可知，
Khan为了养家转移职业重心，说明他很负责任；由第二段中的“Coming from a working-class family, Khan had to
work in a factory to earn money for his family. (Khan来自工人阶级家庭，他不得不在工厂工作为家人挣钱)”，第三段
中的“Soon he became a known player. (很快他就成了一名著名的运动员)”和倒数第二段中的“The journey of Khan’s
achieving his goals is indeed challenging. (Khan实现目标的过程确实充满挑战)”。→关键词→responsibility，
challenging
【选项A】A．responsible（负责任的） and determined（有决心的）
【思维连接】
文章关键词→responsibility→responsible（负责任的） A．responsible（负责任的） and determined
（有决心的）
关键词→challenging→determined（有决心的）
【典例7】【辽宁省辽东南普通高中协作校第一次模拟】
I became aware of my stutter (结巴) when I was around 9, in the fourth grade. I began to see how other people viewed
me. When the teacher asked the whole class questions, I never raised my hand though I knew the answer, because I knew I
would stutter. Some kids would tell me that I talked funny, ask why I didn't talk normally, or laugh at me. As soon as that
started to happen, I became more introverted (内向的).
It wasn't until the summer of 2015, before freshman year at high school. All my friends and my parents encouraged me
to join the high school football team. I owed much to them, especially Coach Lane who taught me how to play football. He
took the time-and had the patience-to actually teach me what to do, how to do it and how to understand the concepts of play.
In junior year, I started my first game for the high school team. I had a very good season and in January 2018, I signed
the University of North Carolina. The older we get, the more of an understanding we have about the world and other people.
So the first time my teammates in college heard me talk and heard that I stuttered, they did not say a thing. That was a big
deal to me because I was so used to people making comments. My teammates actually tell me to slow down because talking
faster causes me to stutter more. It's really helped me develop confidence.
Whenever I go back home to Georgia, I volunteer with children at my church, including those who have learning
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
