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考点 11 阅读理解
推理判断之作者的写作态度（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之写作态度
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ 35.What is the author’s attitude toward 写作态度
Navajas’ studies?
卷]D
【2023年1月·浙江 25．What was the attitude of the author’s 写作态度
卷】B father toward buying groceries with jars?
2021 2021·新高考I卷 阅读 D34. What is the author’s attitude to the 写作态度
popularization of emotional intelligence?
2021·北京 65. What mainly helped the author change 写作态度
his/her attitude toward the project？
2020 2020年新课标Ⅰ卷 C篇31. Which word best describes the 写作态度
author’s attitude to race walking?
2020 年，天津卷， 23.What is the author's attitude towards the prospect 写作态度
第一次高考 of electric flying?
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中作者的写作态度考查了4次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断作者的写作态度。作者的写作态度的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文
章中作者对某事物的态度和看法；2.作者的态度一般分为三种：支持；反对；中立。
【备考策略】系统归类作者的写作态度的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中，推断作者的写作态度考查考生对作者基于文章某事的态度和看法，以达到和作者共鸣。因
此，推断作者的写作态度的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之写作态度考点是高考中的常考点。作者发表文章总有自己的观点和主张，也会自然流露出对某事
的态度。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题。预测在2024高考中，写作态度可能会在高考阅读理
解中呈现。
【推理判断之写作态度考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：1.What is the author’s attitude to ......?
2. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to......?
3. The author’s attitude towards ....... may best be described as .
做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、
批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表达，如
possible, impossible, seem, strange等。这时需要注意的是：一定要理清作者所列举的事例与其观点、态度是一致
的还是相反的。有些文章作者的观点态度隐含在文章的字里行间，需要通读全文，才能做出正确的判断。注意熟
悉一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语。
褒义词有：supportive(支持的)；positive(积极的)；optimistic(乐观的)；enthusiastic(热情的)等。
贬义词有：negative(否定的，消极的)；ironic(讽刺的)；critical(批评的)；disgusted(厌恶的)；disappointed(失
望的)等。
中性词有：indifferent(漠不关心的)；uninterested(不感兴趣的)；objective(客观的)；neutral(中立的)等。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be
known as the“wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average
of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will
tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other
out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t
cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for
whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding
of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the
averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance,
the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average
obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members
actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those
least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently,
the groups reported that they“shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in
a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential
implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
( )35.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A.Unclear.
B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful.
D.Approving.
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】BLive with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and
I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along
the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change
in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came
back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own
bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start
personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the
cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on
what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your
words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
3.2021年新高考I卷之D篇
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intellingence. Many people
now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by
an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown
that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional
intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.
The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients,
while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a
moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the
overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a
new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-
being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality
of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a
greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science
will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its
focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
4.【2020·全国I】
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer
injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer
race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay
straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange
form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise
science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at
a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they
would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research,
runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the
ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race
walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first
consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.306
Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
One summer midnight, standing outside a wooden house in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula, I looked up. The sight of
thousands of stars was almost enough to make me, a non-believer, offer a word of gratitude up into the star-filled sky. But to
whom? Perhaps to Johan Eklof, author of The Darkness Manifesto.
A bat scientist, Eklof works in the night shadows in western Sweden. His work requires an absolute kind of darkness
unpolluted by light. But this category of darkness is threatened. In the 1980s, Eklof tells readers, two-thirds of the churches
in Sweden housed bat caves. Not any longer. “Today, this number has been reduced by a third due to light pollution, because
the churches all glow brightly in the night.” he writes.
We have all noticed it when driving through any city at night. Empty places are floodlit. The night sky in Hong Kong
is 1200 times brighter than an unlit one. Citizens of some large cities, writes Eklof, have never allowed their eyes to adapt to
true night vision. But we are only now beginning to understand the effects.
Too much light is incredibly destructive to the complex eco-systems many animals inhabit. It scares away the bats that
Eklof studies; reef fish eggs go unhatched; birds forget to even sing.
So how can we deal with the too much light? In 2019, France passed laws limiting how much light can be sent into the
sky. In Vienna, Austria, the city’s lights are turned off at 11 p.m. Some measures, like artificial lights that do not reflect lightupward, are already within our grasp. “We could just turn it all off, but I guess we don’t want to, because darkness is not
safe for everyone.” said Eklof in a recent interview. “So it’s vital we find a middle way.”
Right now, it’s hard to know what that middle way might look like. In 50 years, every city could be lit by
environmentally low-impact lights, or we might have completely forgotten what darkness is — the sky filled with little
moons.
8．What do we know about Eklofs work?
A．It reduces light pollution. B．It focuses on stars and sky.
C．It strengthens people’s belief. D．It requires a specific condition.
9．What can replace the underlined “it” in meaning in paragraph 3?
A．Darkness. B．An unlit city.
C．Floodlighting. D．The night sky.
10．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about regarding light pollution?
A．Cause and damage. B．Effect and solution.
C．Consequence and disadvantage. D．Analysis and potential.
11．What is the writer’s attitude toward lighting management?
A．Balanced. B．Negative. C．Unclear. D．Conservative.
2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
All human languages use vowels and consonants (元音和辅音) to express ideas. Most primates (灵长类)
communicate almost using vowel-like calls, but non-human great apes (猿), like chimpanzees, produce consonant-like
sounds to varying degrees. This raises the question of where consonants came from, says Adriano Lameira at the University
of Warwick. To find it out, he studied existing literature to see how common consonants are among the great apes.
He found that orangutans (猩猩), which spend most of their time in the trees, produce a greater number and variety of
consonant sounds than gorillas and chimpanzees living on the ground. “Orangutans have rich sounds like kiss sounds,
scrapes and clicks.” says Lameira. They typically use these sounds while building nests or commencing with their young.
Lameira thinks that living in the trees may explain that Great apes are exports at processing protected foods. Like nuts,
which often requires tools. While living in trees, however, orangutans must always use at least one arm to maintain stability.
They have therefore developed more complex control of their lips, tongues and jaws, allowing them to use their mouths as a
“fifth limb” orangutans can peel oranges just with lips, for example.
This advanced motor skill enables orangutans make consonant-like sounds, argues Lameira. This could mean that our
early ancestors developed consonant sounds while hanging around in the trees, too. “There’s a growing sense that our
dependency on trees was much larger and deeper than we think,” says Lameira.
The link between feeding and sounds doesn’t apply to smaller tree-living primates like monkeys, argues Lameira,
because their size and tails make them more stable on branches and they eat differently.
“This is an interesting assumption worth testing,” says Chris Petkov at Newcastle University, though he questions
some aspects. As humans aren’t tree-living, there must be other reasons why consonants remain, which could be tested by
characterising consonant-like sounds more systematically across species, he says.
12．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Why vowels and consonants are used. B．What ideas the consonants express.
C．Where the consonants came from. D．How common the consonants are.
13．What fact can support Adriano Lamerica’s assumption about orangutans?
A．They build nests with their young. B．They are skillful in employing tools.C．They show stability in controlling arms. D．They gain advanced motor skill of mouths.
14．What can we infer from Adriano Lameira’s findings?
A．Consonant sounds were made by our earliest ancestors.
B．Our ancestors depended more on trees than believed.
C．The link between feeding and sounds applies to monkeys.
D．Monkeys differ from orangutans in eating habits.
15．What is Chris Petkov’s attitude to Adriano Lameira’s assumption?
A．Opposed. B．Puzzled. C．Confident. D．Cautious.
【备考实战方法】
把描述作者态度的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要和什么
样的事实相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
【描写作者态度的形容词】（选项常用词）
ambitious有雄心的；undoubted无怀疑的；indifferent冷漠的；unconfident没信心的；uncaring不关心的；worried
担心的；satisfied满意的；cautious谨慎的；favorable赞同的；doubtful怀疑的；uninterested不感兴趣的；frightened
害怕的；puzzled迷惑不解的；concerned关心的；happy高兴的；tolerant忍受的；sympathetic同情的； delighted
高兴的；carefree无忧无虑的; 无牵挂的; 不负责任的；unclear不清楚的； opposed反对的；appreciative adj.感激的;
感谢的; 欣赏的; 赏识的; suspicious adj.感觉可疑的; 怀疑的; 令人怀疑的; 可疑的; 不信任的; 持怀疑态度的；
objective adj. 客观的; 就事论事的; 不带个人感情的; 客观存在的; 基于事实的;
confused迷惑不解的；conservative adj.保守的; 守旧的; (英国)保守党的；pessimistic悲观的； disapproving不同意
的；ambiguous模棱两可的；dismissive adj. 拒绝的；轻蔑的，鄙视的；skeptical怀疑的。
【考场上的实用方法】
熟记这些作者态度的形容词，深刻理解每个词的含义。设想每个词可能的描述事实。这样我们在考试上，就能迅
速找到正确答案。
【典例1】The time a person spends on different smartphone apps is enough to identify them from a larger group in
more than one in three cases, say researchers.
Researchers analyzed smartphone data from 780 people. They fed 4,680 days of app usage data into statistical models.
Each of these days was paired with one of the 780 users so that the models learned people’s daily app use patterns.
The researchers then tested whether models could identify an individual when provided with only a single day of
smartphone activity that was anonymous (匿名的). The models, which were trained on only six days of app usage data per
person, could identify the correct person from a day of anonymous data one third of the time.
That might not sound like much, but when the models predict who the data belonged to, it could also provide a list of
the most to the least likely candidates. It was possible to view the top 10 most likely individuals that a specific day of data
belonged to. Around 75% of the time, the correct user would be among the top 10 most likely candidates.
In practical terms, a law enforcement (执法机构) investigation seeking to identify a criminal’s new phone with these
models could reduce a candidate pool of approximately 1,000 phones to 10 phones, with a 25% risk of missing them.
Consequently, the researchers warn that software given access to a smartphone’s standard activity logging could make
a reasonable prediction about a user’s identity even when they were logged-out of their account. An identification is
possible without monitoring conversations or behaviors within apps themselves.Therefore, it is important to acknowledge that app usage data alone, which is often collected by a smartphone
automatically, can potentially reveal a person’s identity. While providing new opportunities for law enforcement, it also
poses risks to privacy if this type of data is misused.
【典例2】【河北省保定市部分学校联考】
New Zealand introduced its new climate change curriculum (课程) to schools in January, but not everyone is happy
about it. Dairy farmer Malcolm Lumsden told reporters, “If they're going to continue to bite the hand that feeds them,
they're going to lose out in the long term.”
The curriculum, which is available to any schools that choose to use it, does point to industrial agriculture as being a
major source of greenhouse gas emission. It encourages students to “eat less dairy and meat, have meatless days each week,
eat more fruit and vegetables, drive less, recycle and buy second-hand products when possible”. Some of these suggestions,
however, are being challenged for not being scientifically sound.
But animal agriculture is widely accepted in the scientific world as a driver of emissions, particularly methane (甲烷),
which warms the Earth 86 times faster than carbon dioxide. A brand new study has shown that cutting the consumption of
animal products by 50% would reduce dietary-related greenhouse gas emissions by 35%. It is just one of countless other
studies that have made similar conclusions.
Kids aren’t clueless (笨的). They hear about the coming global catastrophe (灾难). They deserve to be given the tools
with which to comprehend it and to take action. They deserve the knowledge with which to make their own decisions. The
curriculum is a response to kids “really crying out for something like this”, in the words of an official from New Zealand.
There isn't about biting the hand that feeds, but rather engaging in thoughtful debate over how humans could be fed in
ways that are better and gentler for the planet. Livestock farmers shouldn't be so offended, but rather be open to this debate
so as not to become outdated or irrelevant.
8．What's Lumsden's attitude towards the new curriculum?
A．Unconcerned. B．Disapproving. C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical.
【典例3】【重庆市育才中学高三下学期二诊模拟考试（二）】
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890), perhaps the most famous artist in the world, is perceived by many as the “mad” artist.
His artistic genius is often overshadowed by those who see his paintings as only visual expressions of his troubled mind.
While in part this may be true, in reality his innovative and unique artistic style was of enormous importance to a host of
artists who followed in his wake. Even when openly influenced by his predecessors or contemporaries (前辈或同辈), his art
remained identifiably his own, developing a distinctive style that failed to be accepted by the art-buying public in his own
time. The career of Vincent van Gogh as a painter was short, but his extraordinary boldness of his technique created
masterpieces that exercise a profound influence on the art of the twentieth century.
Although the artist’s first formal job after leaving school was art-related, he did not actually begin painting until years
later. At 16, Vincent van Gogh entered an apprenticeship (学徒身份) at his uncle’s branch of Goupil & Cie, a Paris-based
art dealership. The position involved travel and certainly exposure to the contemporary art of his day, but van Gogh would
move on to religious work and a bookseller before producing the first Van Gogh painting.
His earliest works, completed from 1881 through 1883, reflect a new-comer’s attention to detail as well as hints of the
new genius that would fully emerge in his later paintings. Although his sketches and watercolor drawings may, at first
glance, seem two-dimensional and amateurish, they are fascinating in terms of their testament to the van Gogh’s early
studies in Realism.
Vincent van Gogh produced his first drawings while staying at his parents’ home in Etten, the Netherlands, schooled
chiefly by books on artistic technique. The artist restricted his first drawings to a black and white palette (调色板), believing
