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考向 25 阅读理解之应用文类
【命题趋势】
1. 考点趋势：今后对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需关注对主旨大意题和文章结
构题的考查。
2. 理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多
层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。
3. 信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所
增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通
过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新要求预示
对能力要求有所提高。
4. 句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。
5. 体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题
材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。
【应试指导】
应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括通知、广告、便条、申请书、个人简介、商品说明与介绍、新闻
报道等，形式多样，题材各异，如图示、表格等。英语《考试说明》对＂读＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生读
懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特
征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一。现简要介绍应用文
的特点、类型和解题技巧。
一、应用文阅读试题的文体特点
应用文不同于其他文体的文章，其目的是为了向读者传输信息，措辞简洁明了，直截了当。一般说来，应
用文英语阅读试题具有以下特点：
1. 选材特点
信息量大，文句精炼，形式灵活，用最少的篇幅表达最大量的信息。
2. 内容特点
生活化，实用化，多样化，如产品宣传、服务介绍、通知、海报、启示、招生招聘等。
3. 形式特点
标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章的结构更鲜明。
4. 语言特点人名、地名、专有名词多；生词多；缩略词、祈使句、省略句多；结构不完整。
5. 命题特点
主要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考
查，题目设置相对较容易。
二、应用文语篇主要类型
应用文的类型主要有：同主题广告，混合型广告，规则、通知、咨询问答、注意事项等，指南，书评、问
卷调查、告示、参观须知、申请书、个人简介等。
三、应用文解题技巧点拨
高考应用文阅读理解设题以细节理解题为主，因此，阅读这类文章时，应该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，
主要注意细节信息。细节题的题干都是相应原文的变形(如同义改写、词性转换等)，因此要找到答案一定要找
到题干在原文中的出处，再把原文和选项相比较。
做题时，根据所提问题用寻读、跳读的方法可达到事半功倍的效果。
同时，在阅读时也要特别注意文中以粗体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字，因为这很有可能是文章
的核心或某一部分内容的概括。具体答题策略如下：
1. 先题后文
先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。
2. 题干定向
根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文
相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。
3. 生词模糊
遇到生词；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。
4. 信息补全
对于影响理解的省略句，可根据语境，将其补全。
总之，应用文类型的阅读文章一般说来比较易理解，文章类型以广告形式居多，设问根据文章的段落秩序，
多以细节事实理解为主，答案的寻找可以根据问题中的关键字顺藤摸瓜，辅以适当的推理判断。了解了应用文
的措辞和内容特点，我们在实践中总结出解答应用文试题的关键是：抓信息。
提示：应用文阅读题做完后，不可轻易改答案，要相信第一感觉。因为第一次解题时思路最清晰，假如没
十分把握，以不改为好，防止弄巧成拙。
全国高考英语考试说明确指出，要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章，这说明了应用文文体在高考英语中的重要性。这个特点在历年高考试题中有明显的印
证，不管是全国高考卷，还是省区高考卷中基本每年都涉及应用文文体的考查，这充分体现了
＂为用而学，学以致用＂的新课程理念。因此，考生很有必要认真研读阅读理解中应用文的特征和命题特点，
并掌握一定的解题方法。本文拟结合近年高考英语全国卷阅读理解中所涉及的应用文文体，帮助考生提高阅读
理解的解题能力。
应用文是在日常工作和生活中使用的文体，通常以实用性为目的、以真实性为基础、以时效性为根本、以
规范性为准则。该文体一般可分为两大类：一类是说明性应用文，包括广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、
个人简历、备忘录、摘要等；另一类是叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。目的都是向读者
传输信息。高考试题主要涉及宣传广告、公告类应用文，偶尔也会有书信类文章出现。从近三年高考全国卷阅
读理解中应用文的话题分布情况可知，前一类是应用文命题的首选题材，其中包括广告、海报和指南等。
在高考英语阅读理解中应用文体的考查主要有如下几个特点：
1. 就文体特点而言，应用文主要是为了向读者传递信息，措辞简洁明了，一般来说，和所述问题无关的文字不
会出现。例如很多文章没有标题，甚至通篇没有一个完整的句子，而是用词、数字、缩写、短语等来替代。
2. 就选材特点来说，信息量大，文句精练，形式灵活，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中书信，招聘和
商品销售等广告，交通运输时刻表，日记等的比例较大。其内容特点表现为：生活化，实用化，多样化。
3. 就形式特点而言，标题醒目，重点突出，条理清晰，常用粗体字或各类项目符号使文章结构更鲜明。
4. 就语言特点来说，文章充斥大量冗长而生僻的专有名词，如人名、地名、机构名、组织名、书籍名、作品名
等等，而且没有汉语注释。缩略词、祈使句、省略句多。
5. 在行文方式方面，应用文的每种文体都有固定的格式。叙述性应用文采用一般记叙文的写作方法，无特别之
处；说明性应用文的行文呈排列式，即以小标题为单位逐一下行排列。
6. 就命题特点来说，高考英语应用文的设问一般是按照文章段落的顺序依次设置，主要考查考生提取信息和处
理信息的能力，既考查对特定细节的选取、排除、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查，题目设置相对容
易。具体讲来主要有四大类：(1)细节理解题，即要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。这
一题型常见的命题方式有事实认定题、图形辨认题、数字运算题等。(2)推理判断题。这类题主要考查考生根
据文章的字面意思，通过分析语篇的逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推
理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。(3)主旨大意题。该类题主要考查考生对所读材料中心思想的
概括。其考查形式有很多，如概括标题、主题、中心思想等。(4)词义猜测题，即要求考生根据一定的上下文
猜测生词的词义。
广告类阅读题的五大特点
1. 材料特点：大家知道，刊登广告是要钱的，为了节省费用，人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息，这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点：信息量大，用词简练，形式灵活。
2. 内容特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相
关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
3. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服
务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。
4. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是
缩略词、省略句多。
5. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。
命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
应用文主要设题类型及特点
1. 细节理解题
针对应用文体裁的阅读训练多出现细节理解题。应用文不同于一般的文章，应用文的措辞简洁明了、直截
了当，在阅读时须重点注意细节信息，最好采取跳读这种阅读方法。如：活动的具体时间和地点是什么？音乐
会的具体举办时间是什么？所倡议的活动是针对哪些人展开的？这些细节问题都是同学们在阅读时需要特别注
意的地方。常见的细节理解题的题干表达方式有“When is the sports meeting going to be held？” “Tyson
will invite all of the following except _______ to his birthday party.”例如：
The incorrect description of London Eye is that _______.
A. it is one of the world’s tallest observation wheels
B. you can see up to 40 kilometers away in all directions from each capsule
C. it has 32 capsules and carries around 1，000 visitors every day
D. you can enjoy a full 360-degree panorama when you are at the top of the wheel
这是一个细节理解题，由表格一中第二句 “It has 32 capsules （密闭舱） and carries about 10， 000
visitors every day.”可知，是10，000不是1，000答案应该选C。
2. 主旨大意题
应用文强调实用性，无论是信件、广告、通知，还是倡议书、海报等，在阅读时都应该快速掌握其主旨大
意。如：海报介绍的那部电影？通知的是哪个活动？邀请哪些人参加什么活动？这些都是主旨大意题考查的内
容。常见的主旨大意题的题干表达方式有“The poster introduces us to _______.” “The e-mail mainly tells
us about _______.” 例如：
The advertisement mainly make people _______.
A. give help to those in needB. not throw away used clothes
C. know about the organization
D. learn the use of donated clothes
这是一个主旨大意题，由表格一中的“Don’t throw away used clothes. Use them to help change the
lives of others.”可知答案应该选A。
3. 观点态度题
作者往往通过海报、广告等形式的应用文表明自己对于某事的态度，也可以通过通知、倡议书、邀请函等
形式暗示自己对某次活动的看法和态度。常见的观点态度题的题干表达方式有“What is the author’s attitude
towards...” “What does the author think of the...？”例如：
In Allison’s opinion， other kids of her age may _______ their parents.
A. have problems with
B. get on well with
C. like to talk to
D. like to listen to
这是一个观点态度题，从信中的第一段中“kids say they don’t get on well with theirs”可知答案应该选
A。
4. 推理判断题
与记叙文和说明文有所不同，应用文阅读中出现的推理判断题常考查文章的出处或者来源，常见的题干表
达方式有“You can find the ad _______.” “Where would you probably read the notice？”例如：
We can infer （推断） from the advertisements that _______.
A. none of the organization accept children’s clothes
B. people can donate used clothes throughout the USA
C. some organization need money to help some people D. some donated clothes will be given to
cancer patients
这是一个推理判断题，由表格二中第二句“Sales （销售额） of your used clothes will support…”，由表
格三中第二句“Sales from used clothes will benefit （有助于）”，由表格四中第二句“Sale from donated
clothes will help the Boys and Girls Club in Venice， CA.”可知答案应该选C。
【检测训练】
1
Life and Health Insurance Risk Manager Wanted
Our company has partnered with an international insurer and is looking for a full-time risk manager with
responsibility for the UK Life and Health Insurance business. The role is in a small risk team and is suited to a high-performing individual.
Responsibilities
*Support the chief risk officer;
*Oversee the reporting of health and life risks;
*Deliver advice and cooperate with some stakeholders(利益相关者);
*Assess relevant risks of technical pricing and reinsurance;
*Continuously contribute to the capital requirements, internal model review and data model processes.
Key requirements
The individual will be a qualified life or health manager who has experience in risk management or consulting. You
must work in the UK---these rules have changed recently, so when applying, please state your qualification to work in
the UK. (E.g. British passport, Irish passport, ILR, settled-status, etc.)
Salary
￡70,000-￡90,000 per year and performance-based salary.
Contact information
The deadline for applications is 14th May, 2021.
If you are interested, please apply here or contact the associate consultant Abi Logeswaran at HFG Insurance
Recruitment(招聘). Sign in to apply instantly.
We'd love to send you information about Jobs and Services from CareersinRisk.com by email. We do not share
your information with third parties for marketing purposes. By applying for a job listed on CareersinRisk.com you agree
to our terms and conditions and privacy policy. You should never be required to provide bank account details. If you are,
please email us.
1. What do we know about the job?
A. It hunts for a chief risk officer. B. It is a part-time job.
C. It is related to insurance business. D. It involves a high-risk team.
2. Which of the following is a must for applicants?
A. A professional certificate. B. The ability to change working rules.
C. An Irish passport. D. Relevant experience.
3. What do we have to do when applying for the job?
A. Hand in our applications before May. B. Accept the company's privacy policy.
C. Offer our bank account details. D. Give our information to third parties.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B
【解析】这是一则招聘广告。一家保险公司招聘人寿及健康保险风险经理。1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Our company has partnered with an international insurer and is looking for a full-
time risk manager with responsibility for the UK Life and Health Insurance business. ”（我们公司与一家国际保险公
司合作，正在寻找一位负责英国人寿和健康保险业务的全职风险经理。）可知，本则广告中招聘的岗位与保险
行业有关，故选C。
2. 细节理解题。在“Key requirements”部分中的内容“The individual will be a qualified life or health manager who
has experience in risk management or consulting.”（个人将是有风险管理或咨询经验的合格的生活或健康经理。）
可知，应聘者必须有相关的工作经验，故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“By applying for a job listed on CareersinRisk.com you agree to our terms and
conditions and privacy policy. ”（通过申请CareersinRisk.com上列出的工作，您同意我们的条款和条件以及隐私
政策。）可知，申请者需要通过申请CareersinRisk.com上列出的工作，并同意该公司的条款和条件以及隐私政
策。故选B。
2
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underwater with state-of-the-art materials. The week culminates (达到高潮) with trainees competing to complete tasks
on a Challenge Table using robots they spent the week building, programming and testing.
Activities
·Program robots to interact (互动) with the world using a variety of sensors and motors
·Learn with hands-on sessions in remote-control design and operation and aerial operations
·Master managing wireless signals in order to control and pilot robots on the Challenge Table
·Choose from lessons as you like, such as building robotic attachments, programming with sensors and data
functions, or using Human Interface Devices
·Use the binary number system and basic logic functions to understand how machines “think”
·Design, build and pilot underwater robots using the SeaPerch ROV system
·Train in cutting-edge, custom-designed Unmanned Aerial Systems training simulation VAMPIRE Pro and fly
quadcopters
Fast FactsFor orientation times, visit spacecamp.com.
·Arrival window: Sunday 1:30 p.m. — 3:30 p.m. (CT)
·Graduation: Friday 9 a.m. — 10 a.m.
·Price: $999. (Includes a $50 registration fee that cannot be returned and tuition fees that can be fully refunded (退
款) at request before the session starts.)10% off each additional session.
·Camp programs are available during summer months and select weeks throughout the remainder of the year.
Search spacecamp.com for details and schedule.
4. What will the participants pay special attention to during their learning?
A. Competition. B. Working together.
C. Concentration. D. Saving materials.
5. Which of the following is an optional lesson?
A. Remote-control design. B. Managing wireless signals.
C. Building robotic attachments. D. Understanding how machines “think”.
6. How much money can you get back if you cancel your first session before it starts?
A. $999. B. $50. C. $899.1. D. $949.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个适合12到14岁孩子参加的机器人课程的相关细节。
4. 细节理解题。通过文章第一段“Trainees focus on teamwork (学员注重团队合作)”可知，学员在学习过程中会
特别注意共同工作。故选B项。
5. 细节理解题。通过文章“Activities”部分中的“Choose from lessons as you like, such as building robotic
attachments, programming with sensors and data functions, or using Human Interface Devices (从课程中选择您喜欢的，
如构建机器人附件，用传感器和数据功能编程，或使用人机界面设备)”可知，构建机器人附件是选修课。故选
C项。
6. 细节理解题。通过文章“Fast Facts”部分中的“Price: $999. (999美元)”以及“Includes a $50 registration fee that
cannot be returned and tuition fees that can be fully refunded at request before the session starts. (包括50美元不可退还
的注册费和可在课程开始前要求全额退还的学费)”可推知，如果你在第一节课开始前取消，可以拿回949美元。
故选D项。
3
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Session 1-July 5 to July 15, 2021
Wall Street Careers: An Introduction to
Classes: 9 AM to 12: 30 PM
Financial Markets and Trading
Pre-Medical Professions and the Health Sciences
Astrophysics: Exploring the Stars and
Creative Writing: The Power of Storytelling the Galaxies
Introduction to Data Science and Business Intelligence Around the World in Eight Days:
Introduction to Global Tourism
Classes: 1: 30 PM to 5 PM
Management
Optimizing Smartphone Photography and Videography
Classes: 1: 30 PM to 5 PM
Introduction to Materials Science and Engineering
Advanced Coding and Development
Introduction to Applied Statistics
Cognitive Psychology: Understanding
Drug Discovery: The Exciting Future of Pharmacology the Mind, the Brain and Your Behavior
Digital Art: Create Your Own Online
Canvas
Program Cost: $770 per course (You can get a 20% discount if you book now!)
Contact Information
Summer Pre-College Program
precollege@ fdu. edu
1000 River Road, H-DH1-02 Teaneck, NJ 07666
7. Who are the courses intended for?
A. High school students. B. College graduates.
C. College freshmen. D. Primary school pupils.
8. What can you infer about the Summer Pre-College Program?
A. It offers hands-on learning chances. B. A student can earn 15 college credits.C. All the courses are given online. D. Students must stay on the campus.
9. How much will you pay if you book two courses now?
A. $308. B. $770. C. $1232. D. $1540
【答案】7. A 8. C 9. C
【解析】本文是应用文，是一则暑假线上学习课程的促销广告。
7. 细节理解题。根据第一自然段“Fairleigh Dickinson University’s Summer Pre-College Program offers motivated
students in grades 9 to 12 the opportunity to get a jump-start on earning college credits through new, engaging,
interactive courses.(费尔雷·迪金森大学的暑期大学预科项目为9-12年级的积极学生提供了一个机会，通过新的、
吸引人的、互动的课程来获得大学学分)”可知，这个课程主要是针对9至12年级,准备上大学的高中生。故选A
项。
8. 推理判断题。根据第一自然段“Students will develop in-demand skills and learn cutting-edge techniques in a
virtual academic setting.(学生将在虚拟的学术环境中发展所需的技能和学习前沿技术 )”和第二自然段“Our
courses have been designed to keep students engaged in a remote leaning format.(我们的课程是为了让学生参与远程
学习而设计的)”可推知，所有课程都是线上教学课程。故选C 项。
9. 细节理解题，根据Program Cost部分“$770 per course(You can get 20% discount if you book now!)(每门课程
$770,如果您现在预订，可以享受8折优惠!)”可知，一门课程的学费是770美元，现在预订可打8折，两门课程
就是：770×2×0.8=1232美元。故选C项。
4
WHERE TO STAY IN SYDNEY
Whether you want to stay in a converted beer factory, a luxury hotel on the harbour or an advanced loft-style room,
Sydney has a huge range of top-quality hotels.
1. THE OLD CLARE HOTEL
Located in the heart of Sydney’s Central Park district, The Old Clare Hotel, providing luxurious (豪华的) rooms
and facilities, takes up a historic Chippendale pub and the nearby former beer factory site. This hotel has been lovingly
restored by Peng Loh, a Singaporean businessman with a passion for redecorating heritage properties.
2. HILTON SYDNEY
This is luxury accommodation right in the centre of Sydney, with world-class restaurants, one of the city’s best bars.
Just upstairs sits Glass, the award-winning small restaurant by celebrity chef Luke Mangan. Downstairs lies The Marble
Bar, a Sydney hotspot for decades and heritage listed due to its extensive use of marble, dating back to 1893. Rooms are
simply fashionable.
3. THE LANGHAMGrand harborside luxury can be expected at The Langham, located in the Sydney centre. The hotel makes the most
of its impressive harbour views with a marble-decorated hall that takes your breath away. Don’t forget to check out the
art, with a collection of Australia’s most famous painter. Try their famous high tea menu, and be sure to check out the
incredible underground swimming pool available to guests only.
4. FOUR SEASONS HOTEL SYDNEY
Another luxury stay with amazing harbour views, the Four Seasons Hotel Sydney sits on the edge of Sydney’s
historic Rocks district. A Deluxe Harbour Room will give you a breath-taking view, with dark wood and silk inside in
calming colours. Downstairs is Grain, one of the best-known whisky bars in the city.
10. Which of the following hotels houses a restaurant by a famous chef?
A. The Langham. B. Hilton Sydney.
C. The Old Clare Hotel. D. The Four Seasons Hotel Sydney.
11. What privilege can guests enjoy in The Langham?
A. A taste of the famous high tea for free.
B. Access to the underground swimming pool.
C. A rest in the impressive marble-decorated hall.
D. A good look at the collection of famous paintings.
12. What do all the hotels have in common?
A. Famous bars. B. Harbour views.
C. Heritage properties. D. Luxurious facilities.
【答案】10. B 11. B 12. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了悉尼的四个顶级豪华酒店。
10. 细节理解题。根据“2. HILTON SYDNEY”中的“This is luxury accommodation right in the centre of Sydney,
with world-class restaurants, one of the city’s best bars. Just upstairs sits Glass, the award-winning small restaurant by
celebrity chef Luke Mangan.(这是一间位于悉尼市中心的豪华酒店，拥有世界级的餐厅和该市最好的酒吧之一。
就在楼上，有著名厨师卢克·曼根(Luke Mangan)设计的获奖小餐厅Glass)”可知，希尔顿悉尼酒店有著名厨师设
计的餐厅。故选B。
11. 细节理解题。根据“3. THE LANGHAM” 中的“Try their famous high tea menu, and be sure to check out the
incredible underground swimming pool available to guests only.(试试他们著名的下午茶菜单，一定要去看看只有客
人才能享用的地下游泳池)”可知，只有朗廷酒店的客人才可以去他们的地下游泳池。故选B。
12. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Whether you want to stay in a converted beer factory, a luxury hotel on the harbour or
an advanced loft-style room, Sydney has a huge range of top-quality hotels.(无论你是想住在改装的啤酒厂、海港的豪华酒店还是高级阁楼风格的房间里，悉尼都有大量的顶级酒店)”和下文四个酒店的描述，可知这四个酒店的共
同点就是都能提供豪华的设施。故选D。
5
Hibernation is a complex solution to a simple problem. In winter, food is scarce. To survive this seasonal starvation,
animals, such as the arctic ground squirrel and black bear, hibernate so that physiological shifts keep them alive despite
the lack of food, water and movement. Researchers and doctors alike are interested in how these hibernation tricks could
help humans with their own health.
THREAT: Stroke
INSIGHT: Blood flow in the brain of a hibernating arctic ground squirrel drops to a tenth of normal. Typically
such oxygen shortage would cause a stroke. But these squirrels can survive all winter because their metabolism lowers to
2 percent of its summer rate—requiring much less oxygen to maintain. If doctors could similarly lower the metabolism
of a human patient immediately after a stroke—perhaps by cooling the body—they might prevent permanent brain
damage, says Brian Barnes, a biologist at the University of Alaska Fairbanks.
THREAT: Diabetes
INSIGHT: People who gain a lot of weight often stop responding to insulin, which regulates the amount of glucose
that cells take up from the blood. Yet grizzly bears gain 100 pounds or more each autumn and somehow avoid diabetes.
A recent study found that the grizzlies' fat cells become more sensitive to insulin as they prepare for the winter, allowing
the bears to keep processing and storing sugar. Scientists at biotechnology company Amgen are now testing whether
making slight changes to the same protein that controls sensitivity in diabetic humans could have similar results.
THREAT: Osteoporosis
INSIGHT: If a human were to lie still for long periods without food, his or her bones would slowly degrade. A
black bear, however, emerges from its cave after winter just as strong as ever because its bone is recycled at 25 percent
of normal levels during hibernation. Researchers at Colorado State University are now trying to identify the hormones
that control this extreme limit on bone turnover. They aim to create a drug for people at risk for osteoporosis that
similarly protects bone density.
THREAT: Heart Disease
INSIGHT: During heart surgery, a patient becomes short of oxygen when the heart stops beating. To cope, the body
switches from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Unfortunately, the change creates lactic acid, which can kill cells if it
builds up. Damage of this kind does not occur in hibernating arctic ground squirrels, likely because they break down
more fats than sugars even after the heart has slowed to just one beat per minute. Researchers at Duke University and the
University of Alaska Fairbanks are now working to identify how this species prioritizes fat as fuel in low-oxygenconditions. Finding a way to get heart surgery patients to do the same may reduce injury to organs during procedures.
13. What is the passage mainly about?
A. What humans can learn from animals that sleep for months on end.
B. What health threats humans are facing while they are under treatment.
C. How humans can survive from the same tough conditions as animals do.
D. How health threats can be avoided if humans are with certain animals.
14. How grizzly bears process sugar in the autumn may give insights into how to deal with________.
A. stroke B. diabetes C. osteoporosis D. heart disease
15. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Metabolism usually consumes a small amount of oxygen.
B. Fat cells are less sensitive to insulin than other cells.
C. Lying still for a long time will affect bone density.
D. Doctors are seeking ways to keep patients' hearts beating in surgery.
【答案】13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了人类可以从冬眠的动物身上学到的一些帮助人类保持健康的知识。
13. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Hibernation is a complex solution to a simple problem. In winter, food is scarce. To
survive this seasonal starvation, animals, such as the arctic ground squirrel and black bear, hibernate so that
physiological shifts keep them alive despite the lack of food, water and movement. Researchers and doctors alike are
interested in how these hibernation tricks could help humans with their own health.(冬眠是一个简单问题的复杂解决
方案。冬天食物匮乏。为了在这种季节性的饥饿中生存下来，动物，如北极地松鼠和黑熊，会冬眠，这样生理
上的变化使它们在缺乏食物、水和运动的情况下仍能生存。研究人员和医生都对这些冬眠技巧如何帮助人类保
持健康感兴趣)”结合文章主要介绍了4个人类可以从冬眠的动物身上学到的一些帮助人类保持健康的知识。可
知，这篇文章的主要内容是人类可以从连续睡几个月的动物身上学到什么。故选A。
14. 细节理解题。根据 THREAT: Diabetes 部分中“Yet grizzly bears gain 100 pounds or more each autumn and
somehow avoid diabetes. A recent study found that the grizzlies' fat cells become more sensitive to insulin as they
prepare for the winter, allowing the bears to keep processing and storing sugar.(然而，灰熊每年秋天都会增重100磅
或更多，而且不知怎么就能避免患糖尿病。最近的一项研究发现，灰熊的脂肪细胞在为冬天做准备时对胰岛素
更加敏感，这使得灰熊能够继续处理和储存糖分)”可知，灰熊在秋天处理糖的过程可能会给我们提供一些关于
如何处理糖尿病问题的见解。故选B。
15. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“If a human were to lie still for long periods without food, his or her bones
would slowly degrade.(如果一个人长时间不吃东西而躺着不动，他或她的骨头就会慢慢退化)”可知，C选项“长期躺着不动会影响骨密度”正确。故选C。
6
Online courses offers people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard online courses about
humanities.
The Path to Happiness
From Confucianism to Daoism, the philosophies developed over two thousand years ago are among the most
powerful in human history. This course brings voices from the past into modern contexts to explore the path to a good
life today.
Duration: June 16, 2021 – June 14, 2022
Fees: Free of charge
Pace: Self-paced
Difficulty: Introductory
Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
This course is about ancient Greece with its unique places, ways of life and historical changes. We survey the most
important social institutions and cultural traditions. We also study everyday features such as food and dress.
Duration: June 21 – August 6, 2021
Fees: $3400+
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Introductory
Biotechnology and the Human Good
Biotechnology offers exciting and promising prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering. In this course
we consider possible functions beyond common treatments like making people look younger, perform better and become
perfect.
Duration: June 21 – August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400+
Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
Superheroes and Power
What makes superheroes popular? How can they help us think about super powers? In this course, we explore those
questions in Marvel and DC favorites (especially the X-Men) as well as independent comics novels.
Duration: June 22 – August 6, 2021
Fees: $ 3400+Pace: Instructor-led
Difficulty: Intermediate
16. Which course can you take if you are free in Oct. 2021?
A. The Path to Happiness B. Introduction to the Ancient Greek World
C. Biotechnology and the Human Good D. Superheroes and Power
17. What does Biotechnology and the Human Good deal with?
A. Powers of superheroes. B. Ways to increase happiness.
C. More uses of biotech. D. Clinical practices of biotech.
18. What do the four courses have in common?
A. They are of the same level. B. They are free of charge.
C. They are instructor-led. D. They belong to the same subject.
【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了哈佛大学的一些人文学科的在线课程。
16. 细节理解题。根据The Path to Happiness部分“Duration: June 16, 2021 – June 14, 2022 ”可知如果2021年10
月你有空，你可以上“幸福之路”课程。故选A。
17. 细节理解题。根据 Biotechnology and the Human Good 部分“Biotechnology offers exciting and promising
prospects for healing the sick and relieving the suffering.”（生物技术为治愈病人和减轻痛苦提供了令人兴奋和有希
望的前景）可知Biotechnology and the Human Good研究的是更多地使用生物技术。故选C。
18. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Online courses offers people abundant opportunities to learn. Try some of the Harvard
online courses about humanities. ”（网络课程为人们提供了大量的学习机会。 试试哈佛大学的一些人文学科的在
线课程）结合四个课程的介绍，可知这四门课程的共同点是它们属于同一个学科。故选D。
7
Turkish Treats Comments
Hello London foodies!
SouthLondonMum
I’m kicking off this week’s blog by talking about a
fantastic new Turkish restaurant in Soho called Moda. I can’t 10 October
remember ever eating better dolma or hummus—it was so
Hi—regarding your last point, I’ve
delicious! In fact, this is one of the things which the
found the same thing recently. I read
restaurant prides itself on—the freshness and authenticity of
somewhere that the average ‘shopping
the ingredients. Apparently, the chef insists that the fruit and
basket’ has already increased by 20% this
vegetables are brought over every day from his home region
year. The prices have gone up so much,
in Turkey—and from nowhere else. He may be a
because of the awful weather we’ve been
perfectionist, but it was so delicious that I can’t complain.
having, and they may go up even more.
Moda isn’t cheap, but it’s definitely worth every penny.
How are we meant to feed our families?
And I’ve got great news for you. When I told him that I
write a food blog, he said he’d give all my readers a 10%
Ecovore
discount! Just mention this blog when you book.A very different restaurant, where I had lunch last 10 October
Monday, is Chez Fitz. Situated near Leicester Square, its
I’m not sure we should be supporting
main selling point is that its food is all locally sourced
restaurants like Moda. They are very bad
(within 30 kilometres of the restaurant). My friends and I
for the environment. What about all the
were completely amazed—we had no idea that so much
extra carbon emissions from the ‘food
could be grown so close to central London. But it turns out
miles’ created by bringing over those
that there are pockets of green all over the city—you just
ingredients from Turkey?
need to know where to look.
One final point: I couldn’t believe how pricey my
Anonymous
weekly shop was this week. Normally if s about £40, but this
week it was more than £55 for more or less the same amount 11 October
of food. Any ideas why?
I know what you’re saying, Ecovore,
More in a couple of weeks as I’m going away on my but don’t have a go at restaurants like
holidays tomorrow! Moda. If we grow exotic vegetables in the
UK, then we have to use heated
greenhouses and that probably uses even
more energy.
19. Why does the blogger like Moda?
A. It offers its customers a discount.
B. It provides typical Turkish food
C. It hires a chef who comes from Turkey.
D. It transports ingredients from all over the world.
20. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Chef Fitz is located 30 kilometers from Leicester Square.
B. The blogger is angry that he spends so much on food this week.
C. SouthLondonMum is worried about the ever worsening weather
D. Ecovore doesn’t think of Moda in the same way as the blogger does.
21. The word “exotic” (in Anonymous’s comments) is closest in meaning to________.
A. local B. foreign
C. fruitful D. fruitless
【答案】19. B 20. D 21. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。博文中介绍了伦敦的两家餐馆，附带了几条评论。
19. 细节理解题。根据博文第二段中“Apparently, the chef insists that the fruit and vegetables are brought over every
day from his home region in Turkey—and from nowhere else. (显然，这位厨师坚持每天的水果和蔬菜都是从他的家
乡土耳其运来的，而不是从其他地方。)”可知，博主之所以喜欢Moda，是因为它提供典型的土耳其食物。故选
B项。
20. 细节理解题。根据博文第二段中“He may be a perfectionist, but it was so delicious that I can’t complain. Moda
isn’t cheap, but it’s definitely worth every penny.(他可能是个完美主义者，但它太美味了，我不能抱怨。Moda不便宜，但每一分钱都绝对值。)”等内容可知，博主很喜欢Moda；根据Ecovore的评论中“They are very bad for the
environment.(它们对环境有害)”等内容可知，Ecovore评论中强调了Moda餐馆的缺点。从而判断选项D“Ecovore
对Moda的看法与博主不同”是正确的。故选D项。
21. 词句猜测题。博文第二段中“Apparently, the chef insists that the fruit and vegetables are brought over every day
from his home region in Turkey—and from nowhere else. (显然，这位厨师坚持每天的水果和蔬菜都是从他的家乡
土耳其运来的，而不是从其他地方。)”说明Moda餐厅从国外土耳其运来食材，再根据Anonymous（匿名）评论
中“…but don’t have a go at restaurants like Moda.(……但不要去Moda这样的餐馆。)”可知，此处在谈论Moda餐
馆。从而推断评论中exotic所在句“If we grow exotic vegetables in the UK, then we have to use heated greenhouses
and that probably uses even more energy. (如果我们在英国种植exotic蔬菜，那么我们必须使用加热的温室，这可
能会消耗更多的能源。)”中exotic应为“歪国的”的意思，对应前面提到的“从土耳其运来食材”，故选B项。
8
LEGAL NOTICE
If you purchased Hill's Prescription Diet or Science Diet Canned Dog Food
Between September 1, 2018 and May 31, 2019, Your Rights May Be Affected by a Class Action
Settlement.
WHAT DOES THE SETTLEMENT
WHAT IS THIS LAWSUIT ABOUT?
PROVIDE?
The lawsuit claims that Hill's Prescription
Consumer Food Purchase: If you purchased
Diet(HPD) and Science Diet(SD) canned dog food
HPD and/or SD canned dog food products
products had high levels of Vitamin D. The
between September 1, 2018 and May 31,
lawsuit states that purchasers of these products
2019, you could get a full refund with Proof
lost money by purchasing dog food products that
of Purchase or up to 。20 total without Proof
were not manufactured as represented and/or paid
for services as a result of injuries to their dogs. of Purchase. You must submit a valid Claim
The Court will hold a hearing on July 27, 2021, at Form by July 2, 2021.
10:00 a. m. by Zoom Video, which may be moved
Dog Injury: If your dog suffered injuries
to a different location, time or date. The Zoom
consistent with the consumption of excess
Video link will be posted on
Vitamin D as a result of your dog eating HPD
www.PetFoodSettlement.com.
and/or SD canned dog food products, you
WHO IS INCLUDED? could receive money. You must submit a
valid Claim Form with proper documentation
You are included in the Settlement if you
by July 2, 2021. You can find more details on
purchased HPD and/or SD canned dog food
how to submit a claim by visiting
products in the U. S. between September 1, 2018
www.PetFoodSettlement.com or calling 1-
and May 31, 2019.
833-537-1191.
www.PetFoodSettlement.com
1-833-537-1191
22. When will the hearing be held according to the notice?
A. July 27, 2021. B. July 2, 2021.
C. May 31, 2019. D. Sept. 1, 2018.
23. Which one of the following purchasers has the least chance to get a full refund?A. One provided some proof of purchasing related products.
B. One purchased HPD canned dog food on Sept. 11, 2018.
C. One submitted a valid claim application form on July 3, 2021.
D. One purchased some SD canned dog food products, costing $20.
24. How many ways can you find more details about submitting a claim?
A. 1. B. 2.
C. 3. D. 4.
【答案】22. A 23. C 24. B
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一则购买宠物产品的法律诉讼通知。
22. 细节理解题。根据WHAT IS THIS LAWSUIT ABOUT?中的“The Court will hold a hearing on July 27, 2021, at
10:00 a. m. by Zoom Video, which may be moved to a different location, time or date.(法院将于2021年7月27日上午
10点通过Zoom Video举行听证会，该听证会可能会被移至其他地点、时间或日期)”可知，听证会将于2021年7
月27日举行。故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据WHAT DOES THE SETTLEMENT PROVIDE?中的“You must submit a valid Claim Form
by July 2, 2021. (你必须在2021年7月2日前提交一份有效的索赔表)”可知，购买者于2021年7月3日提交了有
效的索赔申请表获得全额退款的机会最少。故选C。
24. 细节理解题。根据WHAT DOES THE SETTLEMENT PROVIDE?中的“You can find more details on how to
submit a claim by visiting www.PetFoodSettlement.com or calling 1-833-537-1191. ( 你 可 以 访 问
www.PetFoodSettlement.com或拨打1-833-537-1191获取关于如何提交索赔的更多细节)”可知，购买者有两种方
法可以找到提交索赔的更多细节。故选B。
9
Online Early Childhood Education Course Programs
If you're interested in receiving a degree in early childhood education, you may want to take relevant courses. If you
have a busy plan, finding online early education courses can be a true lifesaver. With the following online course
programs, you'll find it easier to complete your coursework around your plan.
Associate in Science
Price: $105/credit hour
Duration: 60 credit hours
This program from Florida State Collage is designed for those who are interested in working with young children in
child development centers or home child care centers. Students will learn how they can best plan to meet the needs of
younger learners. When they sign up for this program, learners will have the choice to hose to focus on management oreducation.
Bachelor of Arts
Price: $510/credit hour
Duration: 120 credit hours
The program from Ashford University is broken down into a series of five week courses. You'll only need to
complete one course at time, so you'll be able to devote all of your attention to one subject matter. The participant will
learn about early childhood development, how to plan and how to create programs for young learners.
BS in EC Education
Price: $ 375/credit hour
Duration: 120 credit hours
The program tom Alabama University focuses on how children between the ages of birth and eight develop
emotionally, physicality socially and cognitively(认知). Courses cover ideas such as designing learning programs for
preschoolers and building partnerships with families.
EC Education Bachelor's Degree
Price: $ 402.50/credit hour
Duration: 120 credit hours
The program from K State Online is designed to prepare educators to work with children from birth through
kindergarten. The program will also include information on working with children who have disabilities or other special
needs. In addition to the online courses, learners will also join in an in-classroom field experience with a local school
25. Which course program follows you to focus on management sill?
A. Associate in Science. B. Bachelor of Arts.
C. BS in EC Education. D. EC Education Bachelor's Degree
26. How much should you pay to finish Ashford University's course program?
A. $ 6,120. B. $ 6,300. C. $ 45,000. D. $ 61,200.
27. What is special about EC Education Bachelor’s Degree?
A. It is sponsored by a famous university. B. It is available mostly in a local school,
C. It refers to working with disabled kids, D. It focuses on early childhood education.
【答案】25. A 26. D 27. C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个和儿童早期教育有关的网上课程项目。
25. 细节理解题。 根据 Associate in Science 部分中“When they sign up for this program, learners will have the
choice to hose to focus on management or education.(当他们报名参加这个项目时，学习者将可以选择专注于管理或
教育)”可知，Associate in Science可以允许你专注学习管理技能。故选A。26. 细节理解题。根据Bachelor of Arts部分中“Price: $510/credit hour；Duration: 120 credit hours；The program
from Ashford University is broken down into a series of five week courses.(价格：510美元/学时；时长：120学时；
这个来自阿什福德大学的项目分为一系列为期五周的课程)”可知，要完成Ashford University的整个课程项目需
要花费510×120=61200美元。故选D。
27. 细节理解题。根据 EC Education Bachelor's Degree 部分中“The program will also include information on
working with children who have disabilities or other special needs.(该计划还将包括与有残疾或其他特殊需要的儿童
一起工作的信息)”可知，EC Education Bachelor’s Degree的特别之处是涉及到要与残疾孩子一起工作。故选C。
