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考点 13 阅读之细节理解（解
析版）
【命题趋势】
细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些
答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计
算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大
的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。
【重要考向】
一、识别细节理解题；
二、细节题解题方法；
考向一
识别细节理解题
【典例】
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these
resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极大
地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【细节题的识别提分秘籍】
1. 细节题的设题方式
(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。
According to the passage, when / where / what / who / why / how (many)….
例如：
When / Where did the story happen?
What did the author think about after getting up?
Who is Lucy according to the passage?
Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?
How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
(2) 文段篇章细节题
Which of the following is (not) true / false according to the passage?
From the passage, we can learn that ______.
According to passage, we know that ______.
(3) 排序题
Choose the right time order of the following events in ...
2. 细节题的选项特征
(1) 正确选项特征：
a. 与原文一致。
考向二
细节理解题解题方法
【典例】【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked
her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have
to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”?
.
A He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
【参考答案】
D细节理解题。题干关键词为“the worse page turner”和Ms Raspopova’s husband。根据最后一段“He’s
interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’(他对音乐很感兴趣，感受着每一个音
符，所以我不得不说：“翻页，翻页！”)”可知，Ms Raspopova的丈夫因为对音乐感兴趣，所以帮她翻页
的时候总是沉浸在音乐中而忘掉自己的工作，她不得不去提醒。故选D项。
【细节理解题型提分秘籍】
1. 判断关键词
(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：
a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最
高级），动词，名词。
b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can you learn from the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定
位词，方法一致。
(2) 划出关键词。如：
1.Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）
2.The TV ads of Sparrow ______.
大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）
3.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.
数字
4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy?
数字（时间），大写字母开头的词5.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ______.
数字（英文时间）
6.We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.
形容词
7.We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.
数字（时间）
8.At the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ______.
数字（英文时间）
9.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?
形容词，数字（时间）
10.While the Bowler family was living in the 1900 house, ______.
大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）
2. 关键词回文定位
即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解
答。
1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇】
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite
pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central
business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train
station” — and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain” — and there it was. Everything
just started to match.
22. How did Brierley find his hometown?
A. By analyzing old pictures.B. By travelling all around India.
C. By studying digital maps.
D. By spreading his story via his book.
【参考答案】
C 事实细节题 根据前两句 Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his
hometown in the program’s satellite pictures.和最后一句Everything just started to match.可知主人公是通过研究
数字地图找到家乡的。
2.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解B篇】
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life
today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the
mark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities
(机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and
talk with their young scholar about their day.
24. Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph?
A. To make comparisons.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument.
D. To provide examples.
25. What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity?
A. Plain laziness.
B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time.
D. Security concerns.
【参考答案】
24. B 推理判断题 根据第一段最后一句 But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would
walk 10 miles a day.和第二段可知，作者通过这个美国人的预言，引出如今青少年缺乏锻炼导致过度肥胖
这个主题。25. C 事实细节题 根据第三段Families are pressed for time ... living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.可知，父母因生活压力忙于工作，缺乏时间，导致青少年锻炼不够。题干中的
decrease和文中第三段的decline是同义转述，答案lack of time和文中第三段的are pressed for time是同义
转述。
3.【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were
small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels
of background noise.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves
from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-
to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a
certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
【参考答案】
33.C细节理解题。根据第二段“The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;
however, the participants in the 70 decibels group - those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in
a coffee shop - significantly outperformed the other groups.（大多数组之间的差异在统计学上是不显著的；然
而，音量为70分贝的那组参与者（置身于类似于咖啡店背景噪音的环境中）的表现明显好于其他组。）”
和第三段“But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of
background noise - not too loud and not total silence - may actually improve one's creative thinking ability.（但由
于70分贝的结果很显著，该研究还表明，适当的背景噪音——不要太大声，也不要完全安静——实际上可
能会提高一个人的创造性思维能力。）”可知，70分贝的那组参与者表现好于其他组，所以70分贝的噪音背景环境更有可能促进创造性思维能力。故选C项。
34.D细节理解题。根据最后一段“So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that,
in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus.
Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a
coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.（那
么，为什么我们中有那么多人讨厌开放式办公室呢？问题可能是，在我们的办公室里，当我们试图集中注
意力时，我们无法阻止自己卷入别人的谈话中。的确，研究人员发现，面对面的互动和对话会影响创作过
程，然而，共同工作空间或咖啡馆在提供一定程度的噪音的同时，也提供不受干扰的自由。）”可知，开
放式办公室不受人们欢迎的原因是让我们不断地卷入别人的谈话中，受到很多干扰。故选D 项。
4.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned
to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天
才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
5.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself
"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to bemarketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network
a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
25. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...being a London media type, appointed himself..., a film which
charts the birth of the wild Network, a group of organizations with the common goal of petting children
out into nature”可知，David是一个电影导演，利用媒体来向孩子们推销大自然，记录了自己的活动，并
且拍成了一部电影Project wild Thing，由此可知他是通过制作纪录片的形式来倡导自己的想法的。故选
A。
6.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing
comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until1980-32 years into
his career-that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the second
half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie
reviewers would not rate it highly.
22. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?
A. He directed some high quality movies. B. He avoided taking on new challenges.
C. He focused on playing dramatic roles. D. He became a successful comedy actor.
【参考答案】
D细节理解题。题干定位:根据题干中的 in the second half of his career可将本题题眼锁定在第二段。
根据第二段中的“That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone
could make a movie a financial success even when ...”可知，尼尔森在其事业的后半段因为电影Airplane
而成为一名成功的喜剧演员。故选D项。
7.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer
race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees
stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s thisstrange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor
of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
【参考答案】
C细节理解题。根据 “But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of
the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知，但这项运动的规则要求竞走者
的膝盖在摆动腿的大部分时间保持伸直，一只脚始终与地面接触。由此可知，竞走运动员是需要具备某些
条件的运动员是因为运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C项。
8.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race
walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history
of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should
probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.
【参考答案】
29. D细节理解题。根据 “As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s
knee, are uncommon among race walkers.”可知，一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步者的膝盖，在竞走者中并
不常见。由此可知，竞走与跑步相比的优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D项。
30. A细节理解题。根据Dr. Norberg说的话“In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probablyfirst consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique(事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨
询教练或有经验的竞走运动员，学习适当的技巧。)”可知，Dr. Norberg建议想尝试竞走的人征询专家的建
议。故选A项。
9. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that
we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据段中These include plants that have sensors printed on their leaves to show when they're
short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.可知这就包括叶子上印有传感器来显
示植物缺水的情况的植物，还有一种植物可以检测到地下水中的有害化学物质。由此可知，麻省理工学院
工程师植物叶片上印上传感器的作用是检测植物缺水的情况。故选A。
10. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago,
found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found
to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and
the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
【参考答案】
B细节理解题。根据第二段中…found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 develop better
spatial skill(在2岁到4岁之间玩智力游戏的儿童在空间能力方面更好)可知，孩子们可以从智力游戏中发展更好的空间技能。B. Developing spatial skills(发展空间能力)符合以上说法，故选B项。
25.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
【参考答案】
C细节理解题。根据第二段中Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition after controlling
for difference in parents' income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.( Levine说，在控制了不同
父母的收入、教育和父母谈话次数后，拼图游戏被发现是一个重要的认知预测)可知Levine在设计这个试
验时考虑了父母的收入、教育程度和父母谈话的次数。C. Parents' education.(父母的教育)符合以上说法，故
选C项。
11. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found
children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months
of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.
C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
【参考答案】
D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,可
知男孩比女孩更喜欢玩复杂的谜题，即他们可能会玩难度更大的谜题。D. They are likely to play with tougher
puzzles.(他们有可能玩更复杂的谜题)符合以上说法，故选D项。
12. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The
Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal
waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who
studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea."
33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
【参考答案】
33. D细节理解题。根据第二段的The Bajau, as these people are known, number in hundreds of thousands
in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. They have traditionally live on houseboats; in recent times, they've also
built houses on stilts in coastal waters.(这些人被称为Bajau，在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾有数十万人。
他们一直住在船屋上；最近他们也把房子建在沿海水域的吊脚楼上)可知，Bajau把房子建在沿海区域。D.
Off the coast.(沿海)符合以上说法，故选D项。
34. C细节理解题。根据第三段的we were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us
local islanders.(我们很惊讶，他们在水下待的时间比我们当地的岛民要长的多)可知，让Jubilado感到吃惊的
是Bajau人能在水下待更长的时间。C. They could stay long underwater. (他们能在水下待很长时间)符合以上
说法，故选C项。
13.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生
物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these
technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets
around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with
which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of
security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These
patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and byextension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone
gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word ＂touch＂four
times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different
participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard
should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.
The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
【参考答案】
28. D 事实细节题 根据第一段最后一句At present, these technologies are still expensive, though和第二
段第一句 … they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem 可知，研发智能键盘的目
的是为了降低保护电子空间的成本。
29. C 事实细节题 根据第三段Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently可知，人与人
打字的模式不同，使得这一发明能够实现其功能。
30. B 事实细节题 根据最后一段the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly
made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future 可知，实现智能键
盘商业化很容易，并且其造价并不昂贵，因此研发团队希望在不久的将来能将其投放市场。
14.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The
unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere
along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on
the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to
bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She’ll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper.
【参考答案】
D 事实细节题 根据第三段的Somewhere along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable
member of the team.可知，这位家长后来成为社团里的一个有力帮手。
15.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two
years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re
close to a solution（解决方案）. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like
NASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
"There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other
than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it’s 'I’ve got to produce this product and then, at
the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and... it’s not a
very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product."
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
【参考答案】
A 事实细节题 根据第三段最后两句Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and…it’s not a very
nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product.可知，美国国家航空航天局的工程师们会亲自审
查学生们制作的产品。
16.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇】
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 ayear. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most
citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most
newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the
revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?
A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.
【参考答案】
28. B 事实细节题 根据第一段第四句和第五句In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would
appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding.可知，当时的报纸并不吸引人。unattractive可同
义异构为文中的dull and visually forbidding。
32. C 事实细节题 根据第二段 A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26
clearly different symbols … with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested
… 可知，实验开始前，研究人员先对猴子进行训练。
17.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇】
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of
numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the
monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the
experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a
symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the
number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys
touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they
went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.
【参考答案】
B 事实细节题 根据第三段 If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be
rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; … 可知，猴子通过触摸屏幕得到奖励。1.【河北唐山市第一中学2021届高三质检】
As a father of two girls, Williams had a calling to help single moms, widows and military wives. Williams
borrowed money and asked people he knew for donations to start his new career, and several months later, he opened
The Garage, a nonprofit that repairs vehicles for women in need-at no cost. The organization gives renewed vehicles
away, too.
Williams understood the economic difficulty being carless can cause, and how his nonprofit could help. “Car
repairs can be expensive, and where I live, it’s very rural.” Williams explained. “So if you don’t have a car, you can’t
get a job. And if you don’t have a job, you can’t buy a car. It’s a cruel dilemma.”
6．What do we know about The Garage?
A．It was set up by Williams for his daughters.
B．It has donated 127 vehicles to those in need.
C．It helps poor women repair their vehicles for free.
D．It has won financial support from the government.
【参考答案】
C 细节理解题。根据文中第四段“Williams borrowed money and asked people he knew for donations to start
his new career, and several months later, he opened The Garage, a nonprofit that repairs vehicles for women in need-at
no cost.(Williams借了钱，向他认识的人寻求捐款，以开始他的新事业。几个月后，他开设了 The Garage，
这是一个非营利组织，为有需要的女性修理汽车，而且没有任何费用)”可知，Williams开设 The Garage是
为了帮助贫困妇女免费修车。故选C。
2.【湖北省武汉市2021届高三质检】
During World War II, Hedy's mother was trapped in Vienna. It was hard for Hedy to help her mother to get to
America because every American ship was getting blown up by the Nazis. So she worked on inventing a remote
controlled torpedo (鱼雷) so advanced that it would be able to hunt down and blow up every Nazi submarine in the
Atlantic, thus securing safe passage to the US. To make sure the Nazis couldn't detect the radio signal for her torpedo,
she created a "secret communication system" that couldn't be detected.
5．What led Lamarr to invent a new communication system?
A．Her passion for science. B．Her interest in performing.C．Her contract with a studio. D．Her desire to help her mother out.
【参考答案】
D 细节理解题。根据第三段“It was hard for Hedy to help her mother to get to America because every
American ship was getting blown up by the Nazis. So she worked on inventing a remote controlled torpedo (鱼雷)
so advanced that it would be able to hunt down and blow up every Nazi submarine in the Atlantic, thus securing safe
passage to the US.(海蒂很难帮助她的母亲去美国，因为每艘美国船都被纳粹炸毁了。因此，她致力于发明一
种遥控鱼雷，这种鱼雷非常先进，可以追踪并炸毁大西洋上的每一艘纳粹潜艇，从而确保通往美国的安全
通道)”可知，是Lamarr想帮助母亲摆脱困境的愿望促使她发明了一种新的通信系统。故选D。
3.【湖南省岳阳市一中2021届高三模拟】
One morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the
humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven
man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him.
He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.
We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I
was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the
counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,
“May I get you something ?”
“A coffee would be nice.”
2．The author bought coffee for the old man because____________.
A．he thought the old man was poor
B．he wanted to start a conversation
C．he intended to show his politeness
D．he would like to thank the old man
【参考答案】
A 细节理解题。第二段第三句“I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford
something to eat．”我想他可能没有钱，也不能买一些吃的东西。由此可知，作者给老人买咖啡是因为作者
认为老人很穷。故选A
4.【湖南省岳阳市一中2021届高三模拟】
Growing up in Philadelphia, Lieberman started cooking with his stay-at-home dad when he was seven．Hisfood-loving family had two kitchens, and he quickly learned what was the best way to bake his cakes．Lieberman
improved his kitchen skills greatly during a year abroad before college, learning from a cook in Italy and studying
local specialties（地方特色菜）in Germany, Spain and France．At Yale, he was known for throwing dinner parties,
single-handedly frying and baking while mixing drinks for dozens of friends．Just for fun, he and some friends
decided to tape a show named Campus Cuisine about his cooking．Lieberman was a real college student showing
his classmates how to do things like make drinks out of dining-hall fruit．That helped the show become very popular
among the students．They would stop Lieberman after classes to ask for his advice on cooking．Tapes of the show
were passed around, with which his name went beyond the school and finally to the Food Network．Food Network
producer Flay hopes the young cook will find a place on the network television．He says Lieberman’s charisma is
key．“Food TV isn’t about food anymore,” says Flay．“It’s about your personality（个性）and finding a way to
keep people’s eyeballs on your show．”
5．The Food Network got to know Lieberman ____．
A．at one of his parties B．from his teachers
C．Through his taped show D．on a television program
【参考答案】
C 细节理解题。根据第一段“Tapes of the show were passed around, with which his name went beyond the
school and finally to the Food Network．”（该节目的录音带被传阅，他的名字被传到了学校之外，最后传到
了美食频道）可知美食频道通过利伯曼的录音带认识了他。故选C。
5.【湖南长沙一中2021届高三模拟】
John H. Johnson was born in a black family in Arkansas City in 1918. His father died in an accident when John
was six. He was reaching high school age, but his hometown offered no high school for blacks.
Luckily, he had strong-willed(意志坚强的), caring mother. John remembers that his mother told him many
times, “Son, you can be anything you really want to be if you just believe. She told him not to be dependent on(依
靠) others, including his mother. “You have to earn success,” said she. “All the people who work hard don’t succeed,
but the only people who do succeed are those who work hard.”
4．Why did John’s mother decide to move to Chicago? Because ________.
A．John’s father died in his hometown when he was very young
B．life was too hard for them to stay on in their hometown, while life in Chicago would be better for blacks
C．there were no schools for blacks in their hometown
D．John needed more education and he could go to school there【参考答案】
D 细节理解题。根据第一段“He was reaching high school age, but his hometown offered no high school for
blacks.(他已经到了高中年龄，但他的家乡没有为黑人提供高中。)”和第四段“But there John could go to
school, and there he learned the power of words—as editor of the newspaper and yearbook of Du Stable High
School.(但在那里，John可以去上学，在那里他学到了文字的力量——他是Du Stable高中的报纸和年鉴的
编辑。)”可知，John的妈妈去芝加哥的原因是John需要更多的教育，他可以在那里上学。故选D项。
6.【重庆市2021届高三二诊】
Upon reading the note, Connie started to cry. She was full of appreciation for the letter. She and her husband
agreed that their son’s middle name should be James. After delivering the note to the baby’s family, the nurses insisted
on introducing Jamie to Connie and her new born son. The meeting was an emotional one. And over the course of
the last year, the two families have kept in touch and become fast friends.
26．What did the couple do after reading the note?
A．They hurriedly went out to ask for help from Jamie.
B．They thanked those nurses for consideration warmly.
C．They asked the nurses to arrange a meeting with Jamie.
D．They middle-named the baby after Jamie’s father’s name.
【参考答案】
D 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“She and her husband agreed that their son’s middle name should be
James. (她和丈夫一致同意，儿子的中间名应该是詹姆斯。)”可知，这对夫妇阅读过信之后决定以杰米父亲
的名字为孩子的中间名。故选D。
7.【广东汕头市2021届质量监测】
Shay cannot learn as other children do. When a child like Shay comes into the world, an opportunity to realize
true human nature presents itself, and it comes, in the way other people treat that child. Seeing some boys playing
baseball, Shay wondered if he could join in. His father knew it difficult, but he also understood if Shay were allowed, it
would give him a sense of belonging.
4．According to Shay's father, what could Shay get from playing baseball with the boys?
A．True human nature. B．People’s presents.
C．A sense of belonging. D．Physical exercise.
【参考答案】C细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“His father knew it difficult, but he also understood if Shay were
allowed, it would give him a sense of belonging. (他的父亲知道这很困难，但他也明白一旦Shay被他们接受，
将给他一股归属感)”可知，在父亲看来，和男孩们玩棒球可以给Shay归属感。故选C。
8.【广东省佛山市2021届高三质检】
After connecting with the opportunity and successfully completing the application process, Kajal got to work.
Her role involved reviewing 44 in-depth applications from potential candidates across Latin America and the Caribbean
for a four-week fellowship in the U.S.. She was responsible for describing the business ideas presented by these
candidates, assessing the social impact of their businesses, and determining the strength of candidates to carry out
their plans. With almost 4,000 applicants in 2017, volunteers like Kajal were important members of the YLAI team.
5．What was included in Kajal’s voluntary work for YLAI?
A．Carrying out the selected business plans.
B．Assessing the applications of candidates.
C．Helping candidates think up business ideas.
D．Simplifying candidates’ application process.
【参考答案】
B细节理解题。根据第三段的“Her role involved reviewing 44 in-depth applications from potential candidates
across Latin America and the Caribbean for a four-week fellowship in the U.S..（她的任务是详尽地审查来自拉
丁美洲和加勒比地区的44份潜在候选人申请，这些申请是为了参加为期四周的美国奖学金项目）”可知，
Kajal在YLAI的工作包括了评估候选人的申请，故选B。
9.【海南省海南中学2021届高三模拟】
Again in middle school, I experienced this same belief. There were various school dances and school holiday
events. I was not very fond of going to these events, thinking that I would either be made fun of or just simply be
bored. I went to my first school dance in the 7th grade. It was a school welcoming dance. At first I really did not want
to go but my mom forced me to go anyway. I was not happy with the choice my mom made, but soon regretted my
doubt. The dance was really fun, with music, food, and friends. My mom was right. I never thought the dance would
be enjoyable.
6．The author went to the school dance because ________.
A．she liked dancingB．she was afraid of missing it
C．she thought it would be enjoyable
D．she was forced to go by her mother
【参考答案】
D 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“At first I really did not want to go but my mom forced me to go
anyway.”（一开始我真的不想去，但我妈妈强迫我去。）可知，作者去参加学校舞会是因为她母亲强迫她
去的。故选D。
10.【河北省邯郸市2021届高三模拟】
In his home workshop, he started to think of how he could make a more stable tricycle for her. He started to take
things apart and put the useful pieces back together. “ I fixed the pedals （踏板）with brakes, and I didn't put on
handlebars,” he told Sempre Familia a local news medium.
This vehicle isn't just fun； it's also practical. Clovis added a basket behind the seat, so that Emily can carry
her backpack for school, or some groceries, because she likes to go to the supermarket and bakery with him. Emily's
special tricycle is also stylish. "After the tricycle was ready, I painted it pink and purple because Emily chose those
colors. She was very happy, and I was even happier," Clovis said.
26．How would Emily control the tricycle her grandfather made?
A．By holding the handlebars.
B．By keeping her balance on the seat.
C．By putting her hand on the brakes.
D．By pressing the brakes on the pedals.
【参考答案】
D 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“I fixed the pedals（踏板）with brakes，and I didn't put on
handlebars，”（我在踏板上安装了刹车闸，没有把车把装上）可知，爷爷在踏板上安装了刹车闸，所以小
女孩可以通过脚踩踏板上的刹车闸控制三轮车。故选D。
11.【湖南省衡阳市第八中学2021届高三模拟】
The 2020 Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded to former U.S. Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）Louise Gluck.
The prize committee cited “her unique poetic voice that with plain beauty makes individual existence universal”.
Gluck is the first American woman to win the award since Toni Morrison in 1993. Gluck, 77, joins a list of literary
giants and previous Nobelists who include, in this century, Canadian short-story master Alice Munro, Chinese magical-realist Mo Yan, etc.
Gluck’s work includes 12 collections of poetry and a few volumes of essays on literary writing. “All are
characterized by a striving for clarity（清晰）. Childhood and family life, the close relationship with parents and
siblings, is a theme that has remained central to her,” Anders Olsson, the chairman of the Nobel Committee for
Literature, said. “She seeks the universal, and in this she takes inspiration from myths and classical motifs,” Olsson
added, citing her 2006 collection Averno, which the committee described as “masterly” for its “visionary interpretation
of the myth of Persephone’s (珀尔塞福涅) fall into hell in the captivity (囚禁) of Hades(哈得斯), the god of
death”.
25．What do Gluck’s poems mainly focus on?
A．Daily life. B．Nature.
C．Careers. D．Classical myths.
【参考答案】
A细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Gluck’s work includes 12 collections of poetry and a few volumes of essays
on literary writing. “All are characterized by a striving for clarity（清晰）. Childhood and family life, the close
relationship with parents and siblings, is a theme that has remained central to her,”” 格拉克的作品包括12本诗集
和几卷文学写作随笔。所有这些都以力求清晰为特征。童年和家庭生活，与父母和兄弟姐妹的亲密关系，
一直是她的核心主题。由此可知她的诗主要关注的都是日常生活。故选A。
12.【江苏省海安高级中学2021届高三调研】
Battling freezing temperatures, total darkness, and other dangerous flying conditions, a plane left the South Pole
on Wednesday after rescuing a sick worker from a U.S. research base. After the patient and flight crew rest , the plane
will make its way to South America , where the patient will receive medical care .
The daring rescue mission(任务）began last week when two planes flew from Canada to Rothera, a British base
on the Antarctic Peninsula. On Tuesday, just one of the planes left Rothera on a 10-hour trip to the Amundsen-Scott
South Pole Station, where the sick worker was located.
5．What do we know about the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station?
A．It is a British research base .
B．It is a US research base.
C．It is a ten-hour flight from Canada .
D．It is a medical centre on the Antarctic Peninsula.【参考答案】
B细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Battling freezing temperatures, total darkness, and other dangerous flying
conditions, a plane left the South Pole on Wednesday after rescuing a sick worker from a U.S. research base. (一架
冒着严寒、黑暗和其他危险飞行条件的飞机，在营救了美国一个研究基地的一名生病的工作人员后，于周
三离开了南极。)”可知，阿蒙森-斯科特南极站是美国的一个研究基地。故选B。
13.【江苏省苏州中学2021届高三调研】
On a cold winter day in Denver, I waited in line to see my hero, Jack Canfield, the co-author of the best-selling
Chicken Soup for the Soul series and the author of The Success Principles. What Jack had become was a version of
what I wanted to be.
4．From the first paragraph we can learn that the author _________.
A．wanted Jack to autograph her book
B．wanted to be as successful as Jack
C．wanted to make friends with Jack
D．wanted to get help from Jack
【参考答案】
B细节理解题。根据第一段的“What Jack had become was a version of what I wanted to be.( 杰克变成了
我想成为的一个版本。) ”可知作者想跟杰克一样成功。故选B
14.【广东省2021届高三四校联考】
That was how the adventures began. It was the sort of house that you never seem to come to the end of, and it
was full of unexpected places. The first few doors they tried led only into spare bedrooms, as everyone had expected
that they would; but soon they came to a very long room full of pictures; and after that was a room all hung with
green, with a harp in one corner; and then a kind of little upstairs hall and a door that led out on to a balcony. And
shortly after that they looked into a room that was quite empty except for one big wardrobe, the sort that has a looking-
glass in the door.
“Nothing there!” Everybody rushed out but Lucy stayed because she thought it would be worthwhile trying the
door of the wardrobe, even though she felt almost sure that it would be locked. To her surprise, it opened quite easily,
and two mothballs dropped out.
5．Why didn’t Lucy go out of the room?
A．She wanted to explore the wardrobe.B．She found her favourite fur coats.
C．She was attracted by mothballs.
D．She liked the smell of the room.
【参考答案】
A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Everybody rushed out but Lucy stayed because she thought it would be
worthwhile trying the door of the wardrobe, even though she felt almost sure that it would be locked.( 大家都跟着
走出去了，只有露茜一个人留在后面，她想试试把那个大衣橱打开，尽管她儿乎肯定衣橱的门是锁着的)”
可知，露西没有走出房间是因为她想探索那个大衣橱。故选A。
15.【广东省华南师大附中2021届高三调研】
John was waiting for the girl whose heart he knew, but whose face he didn’t, the girl with the rose. Thirteen
months ago, in a Florida library he took a book off the shelf and found himself attracted by the notes in the margin (页边).
The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and insightful mind.
In front of the book, he discovered the previous owner’s name, Miss Hollis Maynell. With time and effort, he
located her address. He wrote her a letter introducing himself and inviting her to correspond. During the next year
and one month, the two grew to know each other through the mail. A romance was developing. John requested a
photograph, but she refused. She felt that if he really cared, it wouldn’t matter what she looked like. Later they
scheduled their first meeting - 7:00 p.m. at Grand Central Station in New York.
1．What happened to John thirteen months ago?
A．He was touched by a girl’s notes in a book.
B．He was waiting for a girl outside a library.
C．He happened to read a thoughtful and insightful book.
D．He made acquaintance with Miss Hollis Maynell.
2．Which of the following is true about Hollis Maynell?
A．She was just the lady John was going to meet.
B．She was a middle-aged woman who was unattractive.
C．She happened to pass by the Grand Central Station.
D．She was required to wear a rose on her coat.
【参考答案】
1．A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Thirteen months ago, in a Florida library he took a book off the shelf and
found himself attracted by the notes in the margin (页边). The soft handwriting reflected a thoughtful soul and
insightful mind.”（十三个月前，在佛罗里达的一个图书馆里，他从书架上拿下一本书，发现自己被页边空白处的笔记吸引住了。柔和的笔迹反映出一个深思熟虑的灵魂和有洞察力的头脑）可知，十三个月前，
John被一个女孩在书中的笔记所感动。故选A项。
2．A细节理解题。根据第二段中“In front of the book, he discovered the previous owner’s name, Miss
Hollis Maynell. With time and effort, he located her address.”（ 在书的前面，他发现了前一个主人的名字，Hollis
Maynell小姐。经过时间和努力，他找到了她的地址）以及“Later they scheduled their first meeting - 7:00 p.m.
at Grand Central Station in New York.”（随后，他们安排了第一次会面——晚上7点在纽约中央车站）可知，
Hollis Maynell就是John想要约会的女士。故选A项。
1.
