2023年高考英语二轮复习（新高考版）第2部分完形填空与语法填空　专题3　第3讲　说明文_3.2025英语总复习_2023年新高考资料_二轮复习_2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义+课件（新高考版）

第 3 讲 说明文 说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等 进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其 语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空 往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为同学们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作 者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。 解题要领 内容解读 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对 明确说明对象， 其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点， 理清段落关系。 理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。 在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。 把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理 解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关 弄清说明顺序， 系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、 把握作者态度。 由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础 上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情 感和意图。 (2022·全国乙改编) Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen. But we witness preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 3 . For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our surprising research results in child developmental psychology 5 that idea. We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 6 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 7 .We then asked the child if she could 8 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t. A number of 9 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.Theresults were clear：Our young subjects 10 the questions and knew exactly what was asked of them.Their 11 to the questions reflected their true 12 that “I can see you only if you can see me，too.” They simply 13 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our 14 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it’s not a result of egocentrism.Actually children consider this method 15 when others use it. 语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛 并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。 1．A.following B．taking C．escaping D．directing 答案 C 解析 follow跟随；take取走；escape避开；direct指导。根据下文“making oneself unable to be seen”可知，此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。 2．A.clever B．bad C．scared D．quick 答案 B 解析 clever聪明的；bad不擅长的；scared害怕的；quick快的。根据下文“They often cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知，他们经 常只是用手捂住眼睛，而其余身体部分无遮蔽，因此儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth.表示 “不擅长某事”。故选B项。 3．A.exposed B．examined C．untouched D．imbalanced 答案 A 解析 exposed无遮蔽的；examined已检查过的；untouched未受影响的；imbalanced失衡的。 根据上文可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A 项。 4．A.supported B．guaranteed C．imagined D．interpreted 答案 D 解析 support支持；guarantee保证；imagine想象；interpret解释。根据下文“as evidence that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效 的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。 5．A.explained B．confirmed C．contradicted D．tested 答案 C解析 explain解释；confirm证实；contradict相矛盾；test测试。根据前面的But可知，研 究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。 6．A.parent B．child C．researcher D．doctor 答案 B 解析 parent父(母)亲；child儿童；researcher研究员；doctor医生。根据上文“We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿童和一 个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。 7．A.feet B．nose C．hands D．ears 答案 D 解析 foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中， 儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。 8．A.see B．help C．reach D．fool 答案 A 解析 see看见；help帮助；reach到达；fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。 9．A.instructions B．descriptions C．experiments D．assumptions 答案 C 解析 句意：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。instruction指令；description 说明；experiment实验；assumption假设。故选C项。 10．A.comprehended B．predicted C．explored D．ignored 答案 A 解析 comprehend理解；predict预测；explore探索；ignore忽略。根据下文“and knew exactly what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并确切知道自己被问了什么。故选 A项。 11．A.responses B．approaches C．contribution D．sensitivity 答案 A 解析 response回答；approach方法；contribution贡献；sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“We then asked the child if she could or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied they couldn’t.”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。12．A.ability B．belief C．identity D．purpose 答案 B 解析 ability能力；belief看法；identity身份；purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。 13．A.hold back B．relate to C．insist on D．make up 答案 C 解析 hold back阻止；relate to与……有关联；insist on坚持；make up弥补。根据上文“I can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和 尊重。故选C项。 14．A.limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings 答案 D 解析 limitation限制；requirement必要条件；theory理论；finding调查发现。根据上文 “We brought children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处指实 验的研究结果。故选D项。 15．A.tentative B．impressive C．creative D．effective 答案 D 解析 tentative不确定的；impressive令人印象深刻的；creative创造性的；effective有效的。 根据上文“They simply mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚 持相互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。 文本整体感知 体裁 说明文 通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我中心主义 中心思想 的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认与尊重。 young children，hide and seek，cover，exposed，contradicted that idea， 写作要素 experiments，results，mutual recognition，effective 写作目的 文章展现的主题语境为“人与自我”，主题语境内容为“认识自我” 技法七 依常识，定答案 完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生 在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大 大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。 (1)生活常识真题体验1 (2019·全国Ⅰ) Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.58.Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. 57．A.village B．desert C．road D．lake 答案 B 解析 根据空后的“gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠： 砾石、石头和岩石。village村庄；desert沙漠；road道路；lake湖泊。 59．A.permanent B．little C．fresh D．artificial 答案 A 解析 最后你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。 permanent永久的，永恒的；little小的；fresh新鲜的；artificial人造的，人工的。 真题体验2 (2021·全国乙) One afternoon，while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous， 47 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. 47．A.assessing B．requiring C．forming D．proving 答案 B 解析 assess评估；require要求，需要；form形成；prove证明。病人跌倒需要救治是生活 常识。 (2)文化背景 真题体验3 (天津) Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words flowing 18.smoothly from her. 17．A.member B．actress C．player D．character 答案 D 解析 表示小说或戏剧中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。 技法八 破难句，解句意 完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就 要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句 意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。第1、4、14题便是长难句。真题体验 (2021·天津3月) For Pruitt，a keen bicyclist，the first thing to do was 19.replace his stolen bike.But when he went bike shopping，he found few available，which got him thinking：What if the 20 of bikes was COVID-19 related，and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21 to get to work? 20．A.lack B．variety C．increase D．quality 答案 A 解析 lack缺乏；variety多样性；increase增加；quality质量。句意：但当他去买自行车时， 发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与COVID-19有关，如果骑他的自行车 的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？根据上文“he found few available”可知，商店里缺少自 行车。 21．A.instruction B．qualification C．transportation D．permission 答案 C 解析 instruction指令；qualification资格；transportation交通工具；permission允许。根据 前后文“needed...to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工 具去上班。 (2022·湖南二模) Changsha，capital of central China’s Hunan Province，is 1 itself into the country’s leading center of 2 manufacturing.The city’s cluster of engineering machinery companies has been included in China’s first list of 15 sophisticated manufacturing clusters. In recent years，Changsha has 3 promoted the high-quality development of its manufacturing industry ， improved the sector’ s comprehensive strength and optimized its industrial 4 .The city has continuously 5 its innovation capacity and seen a 6 of major innovation outcomes.It has also promoted the extensive application of information technologies in industrialization，making its 7 manufacturing a 8 . “As a 9 in building the cluster of engineering machinery companies，the Changsha Construction Machinery Industry Association encouraged companies to 10 over 220 new products and technologies，among which five products are the first of their kind in China and even the world，breaking technological 11 ，” said Wu Jingsheng，executive vice president of the association. The association also 12 in the second Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition held in Changsha and organized five themed forums.It also took part in the first ChinaConstruction Machinery Leasing Conference held in the city，which attracted over 1,500 leasing companies for offline activities and over 20,000 enterprises for 13 activities. “Changsha will build itself into a leading advanced manufacturing cluster in China and 14 an example in this regard，so as to drive 15 industrial development in the Changsha- Zhuzhou-Xiangtan metropolitan area and the rest of Hunan Province，” said Kang Xiaoping， director of the Changsha municipal industry and information technology bureau. 语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国中部湖南省的省会长沙正在转型为全国领 先的先进制造业中心，介绍了其推动制造业发展所付出的努力以及取得的成就。 1．A.transforming B．reforming C．catering D．devoting 答案 A 解析 transform转换，变换；reform改革；cater迎合；devote致力于。根据后文“itself into the country’s leading center of”可知，长沙正在转型成为制造业中心。 2．A.industrial B．major C．advanced D．apical 答案 C 解析 industrial工业的；major主要的；advanced先进的；apical顶端的。根据后文可知， 长沙工程机械企业集群已被列入中国首批15个高端制造业集群名单，说明长沙正在转型为 全国领先的先进制造业中心。最后一段中的advanced manufacturing是原词复现。 3．A.randomly B．vigorously C．casually D．frequently 答案 B 解析 randomly随机地；vigorously有力地；casually随意地；frequently频繁地。根据后文 “promoted the high-quality development of its manufacturing industry”可知，此处是说大力推 动制造业高质量发展。 4．A.pattern B．standard C．design D．prospect 答案 A 解析 pattern模式；standard标准；design设计；prospect前景。根据上文“optimized its industrial”可知，长沙要成为制造业中心，就要优化产业模式。 5．A.adjusted B．renewed C．enhanced D．accelerated 答案 C 解析 adjust 调整；renew 重新开始；enhance 增强；accelerate 加速。根据后文“itsinnovation capacity”可知，长沙在不断增强创新能力。 6．A.discovery B．tendency C．revision D．stream 答案 D 解析 discovery发现；tendency趋势；revision修订；stream一连串。根据后文“of major innovation outcomes”指重大创新成果不断涌现，此处为a stream of表示“一系列，源源不 断”。 7．A.unmanned B．sensitive C．special D．intelligent 答案 D 解析 unmanned无人的；sensitive敏感的；special特别的；intelligent聪明的，智能的。根 据上文“the extensive application of information technologies”可知，长沙在推动工业信息化， 即进行智能制造。 8．A.helping hand B．calling card C．growing trend D．pulling arm 答案 B 解析 helping hand援助之手；calling card名片；growing trend发展趋势；pulling arm划水臂。 根据上文可知，长沙为了成为制造业中心进行了种种努力，其目标是为了成为中国制造业的 名片。 9．A.tutor B．pioneer C．follower D．core 答案 B 解析 tutor家庭教师；pioneer先锋；follower追随者；core核心。根据后文“among which five products are the first of their kind in China”可知，长沙工程机械行业协会是建设工程机械 企业集群的先驱者。 10．A.put up B．set off C．roll out D．look into 答案 C 解析 put up提供；set off出发；roll out推出；look into调查。根据后文宾语“over 220 new products and technologies”可知此处指推出220多种新产品、新技术。 11．A.steppingstones B．bottlenecks C．drawbacks D．ties 答案 B 解析 steppingstone踏脚石；bottleneck瓶颈；drawback缺点；tie纽带。根据上文可知，220 多项新产品和技术中，有5种产品是国内乃至世界首创，突破了技术瓶颈。12．A.participated B．appeared C．directed D．starred 答案 A 解析 participate 参加；appear 出现；direct 指导；star 主演。根据后文“in the second Changsha International Construction Equipment Exhibition”以及“It also took part in the first...”可知此处指参加展览会。 13．A.other B．online C．relevant D．face-to-face 答案 B 解析 other其他的；online在线的；relevant有关的；face-to-face面对面的。上文“which attracted over 1,500 leasing companies for offline activities and over 20,000 enterprises for”提到 了线下活动，故此处是在说明线上的活动情况。 14．A.build up B．turn to C．set up D．beat down 答案 C 解析 build up增强；turn to求助于；set up建立；beat down打倒。根据后文“an example in this regard”指在某方面树立榜样，应用set up an example。 15．A.coordinated B．decentralized C．prosperous D．healthy 答案 A 解析 coordinated协调一致的；decentralized分散管理的；prosperous繁荣的；healthy健康 的。根据后文可知，长沙将带动长株潭城市群和湖南其他地区的产业协调发展。 强化练(二十二) 说明文 A (2022·湖北八市联考) Winter Solstice(冬至) refers to the day in a year when the night is at its longest and the Yin energy is at its maximum.On Winter Solstice，the Northern Hemisphere tilts 1 away from the sun，and the sun’s orbit reaches its lowest point. 2 ，from this day，the daytime will get longer and longer.As the delicate node of the ebb(衰退) and 3 of Yin and Yang，Winter Solstice is the beginning of a new cycle， 4 reunion and hope.It is said that a doctor named Zhang Zhongjing 5 poor people suffering from frostbite， so he boiled a pot of mutton with medicinal ingredients， 6 them up and wrapped them in ear- shaped dough(面团)．Those who 7 from frostbitten ears were given this “cold- dispelling” soup.This is the start of 8 .Subsequently，people made dumplings in the same manner and ate them during the festival to 9 him. Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty adopted the lunar calendar，the Winter Solstice was 10 the same as the Spring Festival.Although during the Han Dynasty，the Winter Solstice was no 11 considered as the beginning of the year，people 12 celebrated，visited relatives and offered 13 to the ancestors on that day.More 14 has been paid by people on the Winter Solstice.In the Ming Dynasty，Zhu Yuanzhang (the founding father of the Ming Dynasty) made three 15 in a year—the Winter Solstice，the Spring Festival and his birthday. 1．A.heaviest B．lowest C．highest D．furthest 答案 D 解析 heaviest最重的；lowest最低的；highest最高的；furthest最远的。根据地理常识可知， 冬至这天太阳高度角最小，北半球距离太阳最远。 2．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 答案 B 解析 besides此外；therefore因而；otherwise否则；however然而。根据前文可知，冬至是 一年中夜晚最长的一天，也就是白昼最短的一天，所以，从这天起，白昼会越来越长。 3．A.mix B．flow C．reach D．distinction 答案 B 解析 mix混合；flow涨潮；reach伸手可及的距离；distinction差别。根据空前“ebb”结 合阴阳相对可知，flow“涨潮”符合句意，短语ebb and flow表示“盛衰；起伏”。 4．A.announcing B．symbolizing C．infecting D．approaching 答案 B 解析 announce宣布；symbolize象征；infect使感染；approach接近。根据语境可知，冬至 有着团圆和希望的象征含义。 5．A.pointed B．saw C．pitied D．categorized 答案 C 解析 point指出；see看见；pity同情；categorize分类。根据后文张仲景给穷人作药膳可知，他同情冻伤的穷人。 6．A.cut B．chewed C．broke D．ate 答案 A 解析 cut切；chew咀嚼；break破坏；eat吃。短语cut up表示“切碎”，由常识可知，饺 子馅需剁碎。 7．A.affected B．hurt C．suffered D．wounded 答案 C 解析 affect 感染；hurt 受伤；suffer 遭受；wound 伤害。根据前文“suffering from frostbite”的提示可知，suffered符合句意。 8．A.dumplings B．dessert C．mooncake D．noodles 答案 A 解析 dumpling 饺子；dessert 甜品；mooncake 月饼；noodle 面条。根据常识及后文的 dumplings可知，此处在介绍饺子的来历。 9．A.praise B．comment C．commemorate D．recommend 答案 C 解析 praise赞扬；comment评论；commemorate纪念；recommend推荐。前文讲张仲景用 饺子救治了冻伤的穷人，按照语境逻辑可推知，人们用同样的方式来纪念他。 10．A.accessed B．regarded C．accounted D．appointed 答案 B 解析 access接近；regard视为；account说明，认为是；appoint任命。短语be regarded as 表示“被视为”，根据后文中的“the same as the Spring Festival”以及“considered as the beginning...”可知，此处表示“视同春节”。 11．A.better B．sooner C．longer D．less 答案 C 解析 better更好；sooner更快；longer长久；less更少。no longer表示“不再”，由句意可 知，汉代时的冬至不再像以前那样被视作一年的开始。 12．A.frequently B．usually C．seldom D．still 答案 D解析 frequently经常；usually通常；seldom很少；still仍然。根据句首的Although可知， 尽管冬至不再被视作新年的开始，但是人们仍然在这天举行庆祝活动。 13．A.gifts B．sacrifices C．products D．possessions 答案 B 解析 gift 礼物；sacrifice 祭品；product 产品；possession 私人物品。根据空后“to the ancestors”可知，sacrifices符合句意。 14．A.attention B．money C．time D．respect 答案 D 解析 attention注意；money金钱；time时间；respect尊重。根据后文朱元璋将冬至设定为 节日可知，冬至很受尊重。 15．A.dates B．events C．customs D．holidays 答案 D 解析 date日期；event事件；custom风俗；holiday节日。根据后文“the Winter Solstice， the Spring Festival and his birthday”可知，这是三个节日。 B China’s cultural relic protection has made progress，but many problems still exist and need to be solved.China has made over 30 1 based on the law of cultural relic protection. China has also 2 four international agreements concerning cultural relic protection and investment in cultural relic protection has also 3 . Statistics show that from 2000 to 2005 when China carried out its 10th Five-Year Development Plan，total investment in the field 4 7.889 billion yuan.With financial support from government，China also started a nationwide campaign to search and 5 cultural relics in 2003. China has so far included a total of 2,351 cultural relic sites and 518 intangible(无形的) cultural relics on the 6 of national protected items.Recovery and protection have been 7 on important cultural relic sites such as the Potala Palace in Tibet and the Palace Museum in Beijing. Chinese museums have developed well in recent years.China has more than 2,300 museums that 8 about 150 million people annually. However，cultural relics in China now face great 9 .Many historic cities have been 10 .Illegal trade and smuggling (走私) activities have not been forbidden，which has led to the loss of national treasures overseas. 11 ，many important cultural relic sites have disappeared or are hard to pass on because of too much exploration and improper use.And cultural relics 12 byminority ethnic groups have lost their character due to the 13 lifestyle of the people. Therefore，we should keep our mind clear and take 14 to better protect cultural relics， and 15 the whole society to take part in this cause. 语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。中国的文物保护工作取得了一定的进展，但仍存在许多问题需 要解决。文章主要介绍了中国对文物保护所付出的一些努力以及现在仍然面临的一些挑战。 1．A.reforms B．principles C．agendas D．rules 答案 D 解析 reform改革；principle原则；agenda议程；rule条例，规则。根据后文“based on the law of cultural relic protection”可知，根据《文物保护法》制定了30多项条例。 2．A.formed B．organized C．joined D．banned 答案 C 解析 form 构成；organize 组织；join 加入；ban 禁止。结合后文“four international agreements concerning cultural relic protection”可知，中国加入了四个有关文物保护的国际协 定。 3．A.improved B．increased C．promoted D．dismissed 答案 B 解析 improve改善；increase增加；promote促进；dismiss开除。由后文的“7.889 billion yuan”可知，中国在文物保护领域的投资增加。 4．A.arrived B．expected C．reached D．jumped 答案 C 解析 arrive到达(某地)；expect期待；reach达到；jump跳跃。根据后文“7.889 billion yuan”可知，此处指达到多少钱，应用reach。 5．A.protect B．bless C．collapse D．reserve 答案 A 解析 protect保护；bless保佑；collapse倒塌；reserve预定。根据第二段的“cultural relic protection”可知，国家启动了文物保护运动。 6．A.list B．record C．file D．case 答案 A解析 list目录，清单；record记录；file文件；case情况。根据后文“of national protected items”可知，指被列入国家重点保护目录。 7．A.carried out B．laid out C．brought out D．put out 答案 A 解析 carry out实行；lay out摆出；bring out使显示；put out扑灭。由前后文“Recovery and protection...on important cultural relic sites”可知，是对西藏布达拉宫、北京故宫博物院等 重要文物古迹实行了修复和保护。 8．A.submit B．attract C．acknowledge D．satisfy 答案 B 解析 submit提交；attract吸引；acknowledge承认；satisfy满足。根据后文“about 150 million people annually”可知，此处指每年吸引约1.5亿人来参观。 9．A.chances B．opportunities C．pressures D．challenges 答案 D 解析 chance机会；opportunity机遇；pressure压力；challenge挑战。根据后文可知本段主 要是在说明文物面临的挑战(如非法贸易和走私等)。 10．A.missed B．disappeared C．lost D．destroyed 答案 D 解析 miss错过；disappear消失；lose失去；destroy破坏。本段主要是在说明文物面临的 挑战，可知此处是指历史名城遭到毁坏的情况。 11．A.In summary B．What’s worse C．However D．Therefore 答案 B 解析 in summary总之；what’s worse更糟糕的是；however然而；therefore因此。结合后 文“many important cultural relic sites have disappeared”可知，此处指比前面提到的非法贸易 和走私更糟的情况。 12．A.collected B．bought C．held D．discovered 答案 C 解析 collect收集；buy购买；hold拥有；discover发现。根据前后文语境“cultural relics by minority ethnic groups”可知此处指少数民族拥有的文化遗产。 13．A.occupied B．harmoniousC．changing D．widening 答案 C 解析 occupied忙于……的；harmonious和谐的；changing变化中的；widening不断扩大的。 由前文的“have lost their character”和后文的“lifestyle of the people”可知，少数民族拥有 的文化遗产也因为人们生活方式的改变而失去了它们的特性。 14．A.notice B．turns C．advantage D．measures 答案 D 解析 notice通知；turn拐弯；advantage优点；measure措施。根据后文“to better protect cultural relics”可知此处指采取保护文化遗产的措施。take measures to do采取措施做……。 15．A.encourage B．consult C．command D．assign 答案 A 解析 encourage鼓励；consult咨询；command命令；assign布置。结合后文“the whole society to take part in this cause”可知，不仅要采取措施，还要鼓励全社会的参与。