文档内容
专题 29 完形填空之议论文类
《考点•题型 •技巧》
考向分析
议论文是一种通过剖析事物或论述事理来提出主张或发表见解的文体。议论文分为两
种，一种是夹叙夹议型，另一种是纯议论型。
议论文是一种剖析事理、论述事物、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目
的不仅是客观地解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。议论文是高考完形填空
题中较难的一种体裁，它一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据和结论。做好这类题的关键在
于要抓住作者的论点。
议论文中对于论点的提出通常有三种形式：
1. 开门见山，直接提出论点
在有些议论文中作者开头就提出论点，通过论证，最后提出自己的看法，或提出另一
个话题供大家讨论。一般来说，这种形式的议论文作者态度明确，我们也能很容易地把握
作者对某一件事的看法。
2. 导入式提出论点
在有些议论文中，作者并不是直接提出自己的观点，而是通过对某一现象的论述来赞
扬或批评某一事物，进而提出自己的观点，然后再用具体的论据去证明自己的观点。
3. 水到渠成式得出结论
在有些议论文中作者开头只是列举一系列生活中的现象，而不是表明自己的观点，通
过对具体现象的分析，最后自然得出结论，而此结论就是文章的论点。
议论文形式的完形填空不像记叙文形式的完形填空那么有情景。因此，我们对整个文章的
把握相对来说也难得多。
考点导航
1
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司由于与其他文体相比，英语议论文类似英语说明文，因此，它具有英语说明文的一些
语言特点，比如：时态较为统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的客观性；尽可能指明信息
来源等等。但作为一种独立的文体，英语议论文在语言上也有一些自己特有的表达形式：
1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子
与英语说明文相比，英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点，而且还要让读者接受自己的观
点，因此，在词语表达上除了客观之外，还必须注意委婉。在英语中，常用虚拟语气，让
步状语从句和情态动词can，could，may，might，would，should等。
2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构
英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性，因此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和
连接词，常用的包括：since （既然），now that（既然）， therefore（因而），
consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），hence（因而），in that case（在那种情况
下），because（因为），so（所以）。另外，还有些句型也常出现在英语议论文中，比
如： It follows that…（因而……），If…，we may conclude that…（如果……，我们可以这
样下结论……）， Should it be the case（如果是这样的话……），Idon't want to…，but…
（我并不想……，但是……）， If you admit…，then…（如果你承认……，那么……），
It is true that…，but…（诚然……，但是……）， Even if…（即使……）等。
3.使用重复。
英文一般讲求简洁，因此为表达强调偶尔使用重复可以使语句的强调内容得到突出。
4.使用倒装
倒装是进行强调的一种手段，它利用了语句句首（或句尾）的特殊位置。例如，如“充满
着风险与机遇的改革的新时代正向我们走来”，可以这样表达：
Now on coming to us is the new era of reform full of ventures and chances.
5.使用转义
转义是一种对词语灵活运用的修辞手段，主要有比喻、拟人、夸张、反语、婉转等，比喻
又包括明喻、暗喻、换喻、提喻等。
解答这类题要遵循下列原则：
1. 从首尾句入手，抓住中心
议论文的写作思路一般为：提出问题→分析问题→解决问题。因此，文章的第一、二
2
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司句话通常为文章的主题句，而文章的结尾句常为文章的结论。由此可见，我们必须充分利
用文章的首尾句，推测出文章的中心，从而理解全文。
2. 紧扣信息词，把握作者观点
考生要弄清文章的行文逻辑，如转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、对比关系、让步关
系、指代关系等。有时文章的第一、二段并不是作者的观点，而是对某个事物的介绍或描
述，然后用信息词，如but，however，yet等将自己的观点引出，因此，阅读时一定要特别
留意这些信息词。
3. 从语境入手，确定逻辑关系
句与句之间总要反映出因果、假设、条件、类推等逻辑关系。这些逻辑关系常常通过
on the one hand, on the other hand, as a result, as a consequence, on the contrary, above all, first of
all, secondly, finally, in case等单词或短语表达出来。但有时作者并不使用这些单词或短语，
而是将逻辑关系暗含于文章中，这就需要考生根据语境来确定逻辑关系。
4. 理清文章的论点、论据和结论
如果我们连论点、论据、结论都没把握住的话，只能是漫无目的地选择答案了。一般说
来，能说明论点的答案可以在论据里得到印证，且作为论点的某些答案也可以与论据有机
地结合起来，使论点与论据相辅相承，从而使整篇文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前
后矛盾，论点与论据相悖，最后的结论与论点自相矛盾，那就说明我们对文章的把握缺乏
条理性和系统性，我们就需重新来理顺文章的各部分，直到条理清楚为止，然后再根据自
己对文章的把握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。
【题型分析】
【题型一根据首段或首句】
All of us go through some difficult times as we approach teenage years . It's the age when we have
to deal with the most 36_____ in our life . This transition(过渡） from childhood to adulthood is
37_____ for some , but rough for others . The most important thing about being a teenager is
38______ . When we are teenagers , we would get blamed or even punished for anything wrong
we do.
36.A.chances B. changes C. feelings D. expectations
37.A.smooth B. practical C. demanding D. necessary
3
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司38.A.knowledge B. independence C. confidence D.
responsibility
【题型二作者观点和态度】
You do not have to train yourself 6_______ to feel the psychological benefits of exercise.
What really matters is 7______, not intensity(强度）of your exercise. You can try walking for 30
minutes five times per week or simply gardening on weekends.
6.A.hard B. everywhere C. carefully D. late
7.A.time B. length C. form D. frequency
【题型三结合论点】
There are four of us now in the house, but over time I've had nine people come in and move on to
other places. We'd all be in 54 _______if we hadn't banded together .
The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one. It's not so much about what I can get for
myself ; it's about 55_______we can all get by together
54.A.yards B. shelters C. camps D. cottages
55.A.when B. what C. whether D. how
检测训练
1、My car sweeping past the green pastures(草地), I felt the cool breeze on my face,eyes
closed. The breeze felt refreshingly 1 and gave me a 2 of newly defined freedom and
happiness. The breeze suddenly came to a halt 3 the car stopping due to a bit of traffic 4
by the grazing of some cute lambs.
Climbing out of the car in excitement,I 5 I was in a new world, 6 my only
companion was the sparkling beauty of nature all around me. Standing there, I 7 understood
the meaning of freedom! In this fast paced world,where smartphones are a(n) 8 and life
without internet might just be the next step to insanity(疯狂), we’ve 9 the simple pleasures
in life.
Just 10 for a moment to ask yourself 11 it’s been since you’ve just sat down for a
while, doing absolutely 12 yet feeling perfectly happy and contented!
People tend to find happiness in commodities or 13 around them, but the perfect place
4
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司to start searching for happiness is 14 within you!
Happiness is like a 15 . It can be spread to others, if only we are willing to splash (撒) a
few 16 on ourselves! True happiness is said to be 17 when we are the 18
behind a person’s beautiful smile and immense happiness!
So the next time you see someone upset or feeling low, 19 them a bit of your time and
support. It doesn’t cost much, but doubles the happiness in your 20 !
1. A. familiar B. new C. old D. strange
2. A. sense B. kind C. type D. matter
3. A. as B. since C. with D. for
4. A. happened B. occurred C. invented D. created
5. A. realized B. thought C. recognized D. discovered
6. A. which B. when C. where D. what
7. A. suddenly B. finally C. gradually D. immediately
8. A. necessity B. equipment C. tool D. treasure
9. A. conducted B. finished C. remembered D. forgotten
10. A. wait B. stop C. hold D. stay
11. A. how long B. how often C. how many D. how much
12. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
13. A. things B. goods C. data D. basics
14. A. correct B. right C. proper D. suitable
15. A. river B. well C. spring D. perfume
16. A. drops B. bottles C. pieces D. bags
17. A. made B. achieved C. developed D. grew
18. A. possession B. component C. part D. reason
19. A. bring B. take C. lend D. give
20. A. soul B. mind C. heart D. spirit
2、It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be
connected. In this respect, digital technologies have 41 our life.
The possibility to be connected all the time has brought our personal space to a(n) 42
as we've known it. People have become so 43 in the world of networks that one can often
5
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司be contacted even if they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text and e-mail, not only from our
44 , but from our mobile phones as well.
Most people have become 45 on digital technology simply because it has become a
necessary part of life, and at this point not 46 it would make them an social outsider. 47
, many jobs and careers require people to be connected. From this point of view, being reachable
might feel like a 48 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
But solitude(独处) still can be possible for those who 49 want it. Computers can be
50 and mobile phones can be turned off. Of course, the choice to be “off” and “on” has many
51 as well as disadvantages. When travelers end up 52 in mountains, and mobile
phones can mean life or death, although they can also make people feel 53 and forced to
answer unwanted calls.
Actually, attitudes towards digital technologies as a society 54 widely. Some find
them a gift. Others consider them a curse. Whether you like it or not, it's hard to imagine what life
would be like without the 55 in digital technologies.
41. A. reshaped B. respected C. ignored D. preserved
42. A. alarm B. stage C. end D. balance
43. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable
44. A. neighbors B. computers C. friends D. monitors
45. A. impressed B. hard C. dependent D. focused
46. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing
47. A. Also. B. Instead. C. Otherwise. D. Therefore.
48. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. shame
49. A. slightly B. barely C. merely D. really
50. A. sold out B. broken up C. shut down D. joined in
51. A. aspects B. advantages C. weaknesses D. exceptions
52. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted
53. A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused
54. A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist
55. A. hopes B. tests C. interests D. achievements
3、The lazy beach vacations and study-abroad years are gone because of the pandemic （流
6
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司行病）. Many, who believe travel is in their genes, find it 71 to be kept in the same place
for so long. My friend James is one of them and is growing bored and upset, 72 for the old
travelling days. How to pull through the depressing situation? There are many ways to answer the
question, but “ being 73 is not one of them.
People always have a strong 74 to be on the go. However, it shows our true ability
when that demand can't be 75 instantly. Travel is a good way to meet new people and 76
new things, but we have 77 if we can't make it.
We can go off the 78 path and travel in the off-season. By connecting with
communities and spending our money in ways that support 79 , it will be a more
meaningful way to 80 the differences that make the world colorful.
We can plan a trip instead while we can't 81 be there. “Expectations play a 82
role in our life. And our future — mindedness can be a source of 83 if we know good
things are 84 In every way, travel is a great thing to 85 , ” said Matthew
Killingsworth, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania. So 86 a trip is nearly as
enjoyable as actually taking one. Making plans is its own 87 It makes us remember there
is a big, 88 world out there.
Many of us, me included, have taken what we have for granted. Tom Swick, a travel writer,
tells me he 89 to view travel as a routine. "Now, I look forward to experiencing it as a 90
, ” says he.
71. A. unbearable B. unpredictable C. unreliable D. uncertain
72. A. heading B. competing C. switching D. longing
73. A. optimistic B. active C. desperate D. hesitant
74. A. pressure B. sorrow C. fancy D. desire
75. A. reserved B. satisfied C. explained D. ignored
76. A. experience B. recover C. risk D. provide
77. A. curiosity B. alternatives C. advances D. regret
78. A. hidden B. broken C. beaten D. frozen
79. A. hobbies B. shelters C. fictions D. locals
80. A. refuse B. appreciate C. decrease D. avoid
81. A. mentally B. rarely C. physically D. merely
7
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司82. A. negative B. mild C. valueless D. significant
83. A. concern B. chaos C. independence D. joy
84. A. off the track B. in the way C. around the comer D. to the point
85. A. look forward to B. look down on C. look out for D. look back at
86. A. canceling B. plotting C. adjusting D. denying
87. A. reward B. focus C. price D. form
88. A. frightening B. rolling C. appealing D. resting
89. A. used B. hoped C. agreed D. wanted
90. A. service B. gift C. trend D. play
3、 One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However, life can be 1
when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry, who described herself as a
world-class fault-finder, almost always 3 by things. People were always doing things that
annoyed her, and 4 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault
with her friends. She became a really 5 person.
Unfortunately, it took a horrible accident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously
hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8 ,
Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticizing her 9 of boyfriends, the
way she was living, the way she related to her mother, and various other things she felt she needed
to 10 . It wasn’t until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of
finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to 12 everything so
harshly(刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 1 3 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren’t as extreme at fault-finding, 14 when we’re honest, we can be
sharply 15 of the world. I’m not suggesting you 16 problems, or that you pretend
things are 17 than they are, but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are —
18 most of the time, and especially when it’s not a really big 1 9 .
Train yourself to ＂bite your tongue＂, and with a little 20 , you’ll get really good at
letting things go. And when you do, you’ll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
8
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
13. A. family B. life C. career D. education
14. A. so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
18. A.at least B.at last C.by far D.so far
19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity
5、Lawmakers in New Jersey recently advanced a bill that would ban businesses from going
cashless—a move that would put the state at odds with the global trend toward electronic
payments but would 1 resistance from local officials who see no-cash policies as unfair.
Almost 1 of 3 Americans in 2018 say they don't use cash during a typical week of purchases,
according to the Pew study released this week. The findings reveal life that Americans are
becoming less reliant on paper currency, mirroring 2 in Sweden, India and China. But
state and local officials say that restaurants and shops do that adopt cashless policies have left
some members of the community behind— individuals without the 3 to open a bank
account or who lack access to lines of credit or the mobile apps that power digital payments.
The New Jersey measure, which would apply only to face-to-face sales and would 4
internet and phone purchases, comes as officials push 5 efforts to bar no-cash rules in
New York and Philadelphia. 6 cashless policies offer consumers the promise of
9
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
学科网（北京）股份有限公司convenience and provide businesses greater protection against theft, they also can exclude low-
income consumers or undocumented immigrants, critics say. "Cash-free businesses are
discriminatory by design and pose 7 to low-income communities that may not have
access to credit or debit," New York Council member Torres said on Twitter when he introduced a
bill that would ban the practice.
According to the Pew study, the decline in the use of 8 currency is uneven among
the population when race, age and income are accounted for. Pew found a significant 9 in
cashless adoption tied to annual household income, with adults making at least $75,000 more than
twice as likely to make all their purchases without using cash in a typical week, 10 with
people who make less than $30,000. The Pew findings suggest that the 11 of going
cashless may come with a cost that only some groups of people will bear. Americans with lower
incomes are roughly four times as likely than higher earners to make almost all of their purchases
with cash, according to the study.
As has been noted, business leaders have 12 cashless policies by pointing to higher
security and 13 customer service and efficiency. Some advocates have focused on
providing people who are underserved by the 14 banking system with more affordable
options, attacking the root cause behind the 15 of cashless payments.
1．A．set up B．put up C．back up D．step up
2．A．deposits B．exchanges C．shifts D．currencies
3．A．ideas B．means C．directions D．outlets
4．A．attract B．exclude C．advance D．include
5．A．opposite B．associated C．similar D．collective
6．A．While B．Provided C．Because D．As
7．A．discounts B．traps C．challenges D．risks
8．A．electronic B．physical C．virtual D．circulating
9．A．similarity B．expense C．gap D．consumption
10．A．linked B．associated C．combined D．compared
11．A．outcomes B．effects C．benefits D．disadvantages
12．A．adopted B．defended C．developed D．criticized
1
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
0
学科网（北京）股份有限公司13．A．hindered B．accomplished C．improved D．desired
14．A．traditional B．fading C．aggressive D．unqualified
15．A．Transformations B．developments C．criticisms D．creations
6、We’ve all heard the dangers of helicopter parenting. Remaining too 46 in a kid’s
life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of
entitlement.
Superficially, this wisdom is sound. But some academics and educators now say they see
signs of a troubling backlash(反冲). The concern: warnings that moms and dads should 47
“the over parenting trap”—are discouraging parents from getting involved at all.
Yes, parents can be intrusive. 48 , there are increasing examples of parents refusing to
step up when students genuinely need their family. One mom kept 49 about her son’s
signs of depression until right before he failed a semester. She did not want to “helicopter in.”
That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to 50 parents who
get too involved, now have a different 51 . But the solution to both is the same: devising
ways to channel moms and dads into the right kind of 52 role.
Much of this began because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students 53
with their parents like never before, thanks to smartphones. And with 54 in education
soaring, university leaders have started to view parents as investment partners. Most of them have
paid for this education for their children or gone into debt for this education. And in some sense,
they’re entitled to know and be assured that colleges are 55 their children’s welfare.
Crucially, parent-outreach programs have also served as buffers(缓冲), 56 students
—or worse, their professors—the discomfort of the nagging. At the University of Maryland, for
example, the parent office has handled 57 for weekly academic-progress reports, which
do not exist in higher education. Parents just want to know they have a place to go where someone
will listen to their concerns.
But now, with some moms and dads cautious of even contacting the school in the first place,
those same programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often via blogs,
email and Facebook. Parents are now advised to be a guide, while acknowledging that the 58
owns the journey. That means asking questions, listening to answers, being patient and trusting
1
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
1
学科网（北京）股份有限公司kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues 59 , or if a student is in serious mental or
physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while. “When you think
about it, helicopters are useful tools,” says Chelsea Petree, who is launching a parent-outreach
program. “They can see things we on the 60 can’t see and get to emergencies quicker than
we can. They can swoop in when needed. The key is that they go back up.”
46．A．independent B．involved C．attached D．enclosed
47．A．set B．sense C．avoid D．ensure
48．A．Besides B．Similarly C．Actually D．However
49．A．alert B．quiet C．informed D．concerned
50．A．cope with B．identify with C．turn down D．settle down
51．A．attitude B．problem C．approach D．nature
52．A．supportive B．informative C．neutral D．superior
53．A．communicatedB．matched C．obsessed D．connected
54．A．complaints B．costs C．demands D．sufferings
55．A．taking care of B．keeping track of C．looking forward to D．taking part in
56．A．costing B．winning C．granting D．sparing
57．A．demands B．passion C．distraction D．priorities
58．A．professor B．parent C．student D．college
59．A．persist B．exist C．arise D．decline
60．A．surface B．ground C．panel D．craft
1
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
2
学科网（北京）股份有限公司1
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
3
学科网（北京）股份有限公司
