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专题 03 完形填空之说明文和议论文
目 录
完形填空之说明文和议论文 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
（ 最 新 模 拟 ） 完 形 填 空 之 说 明
文-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
（ 最 新 模 拟 ） 完 形 填 空 之 议 论
文-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1803 完形填空之说明文和议论文
最新模拟演练
完形填空之说明文
1.（2024·河南省许平洛济四市高三第二次质量检测）
Owning chickens may be nothing special for you, but in the life of a chicken, we catch a glimpse (一瞥) of an
important truth.
You see, when a hen lays her egg, she labors to make sure the 1 are just right to promote life for that
little chick. She must lay it in a 2 spot. She also must apply heat to the egg for it to 3 .
In the life of this baby chick though, there comes a point that is necessary but that is often 4 . As the
egg begins to crack and slowly break 5 , what you will not see is the mother hen 6 the chick to get
the shell off. No matter how hard the chick 7 , pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother hen will not do
the 8 for it.
At this point, someone can see the 9 of this chick and think the mother does not 10 her young.
This person can then seek to help the chick and 11 the pieces of the shell. However, if such a thing really
happens, often this person 12 does not save the chick’s life but rather 13 its death.
This 14 stage is essential for the chick. It will produce within the chick the 15 that will
allow it to live and thrive (茁壮成长).
1．A．actions B．experiences C．conditions D．chances
2．A．safe B．remote C．shady D．new
3．A．hatch B．live C．move D．continue
4．A．evaluated B．checked C．made D．overlooked
5．A．up B．open C．free D．away
6．A．urging B．preferring C．assisting D．encouraging
7．A．rolls B．knocks C．jumps D．shakes
8．A．work B．harm C．exercise D．same
9．A．depression B．confusion C．growth D．struggle10．A．take in B．care about C．play with D．bring up
11．A．collect B．remove C．throw D．spread
12．A．carelessly B．impatiently C．unknowingly D．purposely
13．A．slows B．causes C．faces D．prevents
14．A．beginning B．developing C．resting D．falling
15．A．nutrition B．health C．luck D．strength
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B
11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在小鸡的孵化和成长中，破壳的阶段至关重要但经常被人们忽视，小鸡需要通
过自己的努力破壳，这个过程会在雏鸡体内产生力量，使它能够生存和茁壮成长，如果有人因为想要帮助
小鸡而擅自去除了蛋壳，这会导致雏鸡的死亡。文章对此进行了介绍。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你看，当母鸡下蛋时，她会努力确保条件合适，以促进小鸡的存活率。A.
actions行动；B. experiences经历；C. conditions条件；D. chances机会。根据“are just right to promote life
for that little chick”可知，此处是指确保条件合适。故选C。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她必须把它下在一个安全的地方。A. safe安全的；B. remote遥远的；C.
shady阴凉的；D. new新的。根据“are just right to promote life for that little chick”可知，此处是指必须把蛋
下在安全的地方。故选A。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它还必须给蛋加热才能孵化。A. hatch孵化；B. live居住；C. move移动；
D. continue继续。根据“apply heat to the egg”可知，此处是指孵蛋。故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这只小鸡的生活中，有一点是必要的，但却经常被忽视。A. evaluated评
估；B. checked检查；C. made制作；D. overlooked忽视。根据后文“there comes a point that is necessary
but”可知，此处是指必要但经常被忽视。故选D。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。A. up在
高处；B. open打开的；C. free免费的；D. away（球队比赛）客场的。根据“As the egg begins to crack and
slowly break”可知，此处是指当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当鸡蛋开始破裂并慢慢破开时，你不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。A. urging
敦促；B. preferring偏爱；C. assisting帮助；D. encouraging鼓励。根据后文“This person can then seek to
help the chick(然后这个人可能会想要帮助小鸡)”可知，此处是指不会看到母鸡帮助小鸡剥壳。故选C。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论小鸡怎样使劲地摇晃、推、拉，母鸡都不会替它做。A. rolls翻滚；B.
knocks敲击；C. jumps跳；D. shakes摇晃。根据“pushes and strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指摇晃。故选D。
8．考查名词和形容词词义辨析。句意：无论小鸡怎样使劲地摇晃、推、拉，母鸡都不会替它做。A. work
工作；B. harm伤害；C. exercise锻炼；D. same相同的。根据前文“what you will not see is the mother hen
assisting the chick to get the shell off”可知，此处是指母鸡不会帮小鸡做破壳这项工作。故选A。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A.
depression抑郁；B. confusion困惑；C. growth成长；D. struggle挣扎。根据前文“No matter how hard the
chick shakes, pushes and strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指看到这只小鸡的挣扎。故选D。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这时，有人可能会看到这只小鸡的挣扎，认为妈妈不关心她的孩子。A.
take in吸收；B. care about关心；C. play with摆弄；D. bring up抚养。根据前文“No matter how hard the
chick shakes, pushes and strains (拉紧) itself, the mother hen will not do the work for it.”可知，此处是指认为妈
妈不关心她的孩子。故选B。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后这个人可能会帮助小鸡，把蛋壳的碎片弄掉。A. collect收集；B.
remove去除；C. throw扔掉；D. spread传播。根据“This person can then seek to help the chick”可知，此处
是指帮小鸡弄掉蛋壳。故选B。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小鸡
的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. carelessly粗心地；B. impatiently不耐烦地；C. unknowingly不知不觉地；
D. purposely故意地。根据“This person can then seek to help the chick”可知，此处是指这个人在不知道的情
况下导致了小鸡的死亡。故选C。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，如果这样的事情真的发生了，这个人往往在不知不觉中没有救小鸡
的命，而是导致了它的死亡。A. slows放缓；B. causes导致；C. faces面对；D. prevents阻止。根据“does
not save the chick’s life but rather”可知，此处是指导致了小鸡的死亡。故选B。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个开始阶段对小鸡来说至关重要。A. beginning开始的；B. developing
发展中的；C. resting静止的；D. falling下降的。根据前文“As the egg begins to crack”可知，此处是指开始
阶段。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它会在雏鸡体内产生力量，使它能够生存和茁壮成长。A. nutrition营养；
B. health健康；C. luck好运；D. strength力量。根据前文“No matter how hard the chick shakes, pushes and
strains (拉紧) itself”可知，此处是指这个过程会在雏鸡体内产生力量。故选D。
2.（2024·山西省优生联考高三上学期1月考试）
Aloha is perhaps one of the most recognized words in the world. Many 1 use it to brand their goods
and services. But there is more to it in Hawaii. It’s the spirit to 2 one another all the time, not only whena(n) 3 strikes. And it was the 4 spirit of aloha that has brought warmth and strength to those
who have 5 the deadliest wildfire in modern US history that swept across the historic city of Lahaina just
a week ago.
Arica Lynn Souza, whose 6 was burned to the ground on August 8, describes aloha as being there
when something happens and when someone 7 help. She thinks that it is the spirit of aloha that makes
Lahaina so 8 .
“I 9 with my two babies and a very small bag. The only reason why we’re able to have clothes on
our backs and everything else is due to this kind of aloha feeling within our community and with each other.”
Kaliko Kaauamo is a Hawaiian-language expert and curriculum designer. When asked what aloha looks like,
she quickly paints a 10 picture, “Aloha is the guy whose home was burned down, who has no clothes,
finds his slippers, puts them on and 1 1 finds someone else to help without expecting anything 1 2
. It’s a philosophy. It’s an appreciation. It’s a 1 3 love that we are born and raised with.”
During a disaster, community members usually 1 4 to help each other. But it is the 1 5
emotional attachment sets Hawaii apart from the rest of the world.
1．A．children B．businesses C．speakers D．families
2．A．treat B．greet C．praise D．help
3．A．disaster B．phenomenon C．idea D．incident
4．A．terrible B．tasty C．traditional D．expensive
5．A．started B．survived C．missed D．recorded
6．A．forest B．shop C．home D．school
7．A．needs B．accepts C．ignores D．dislikes
8．A．cold B．comfortable C．reasonable D．special
9．A．escaped B．dropped C．argued D．separated
10．A．vivid B．bright C．funny D．sad
11．A．carelessly B．immediately C．unnecessarily D．hardly
12．A．in person B．in advance C．in return D．in ruins
13．A．romantic B．realistic C．conditional D．selfless
14．A．turn B．tend C．refuse D．pretend
15．A．constant B．unhealthy C．understandable D．sudden
【答案】
1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 9．A 10．A 11．B12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了“Aloha”这个词的含义，以及它在夏威夷文化中的重要地位。文章通过几
个人的经历和观点，展现了“Aloha”精神在夏威夷社区中的作用，特别是在灾难中的互助和团结。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多企业用它来给他们的商品和服务打上品牌。A. children儿童；B.
businesses企业；C. speakers演讲者；D. families家庭。根据后文“to brand their goods and services”可知给
他们的商品和服务打上品牌的应该是企业。故选B项。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一种始终互相帮助的精神，而不仅仅是在灾难发生时。A. treat对待；
B. greet打招呼；C. praise赞扬；D. help帮助。根据后文“During a disaster, community members usually
to help each other.”可知，这是一种互相帮助的精神。故选D项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一种始终互相帮助的精神，而不仅仅是在灾难发生时。A. disaster灾害；
B. phenomenon现象；C. idea想法；D. incident冲突。根据后文“During a disaster, community members
usually to help each other.”可知，此处应是“不仅仅是在灾难发生时”之意。故选A项。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一周前，美国现代史上最致命的野火席卷了历史名城拉海纳，正是Aloha
的传统精神给幸存者带来了温暖和力量。A. terrible可怕的；B. tasty美味的；C. traditional传统的；D.
expensive昂贵的。根据前文“But there is more to it in Hawaii. It’s the spirit to one another
all the time”可知，Aloha在夏威夷代表的是一种传统精神。故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一周前，美国现代史上最致命的野火席卷了历史名城拉海纳，正是Aloha的
传统精神给幸存者带来了温暖和力量。A. started开始；B. survived生存；C. missed错过；D. recorded记录。
根据上文“brought warmth and strength to those”和后文“the deadliest wildfire in modern US history that swept
across the historic city of Lahaina just a week ago.”可知，此处是指在美国现代史上最致命的野火中幸存下来
的人。故选B项。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Arica Lynn Souza的家在8月8日被大火夷为平地，她把aloha描述为当事情
发生时，当有人需要帮助时，aloha就在那里。A. forest森林；B. shop商店；C. home家；D. school学校。
根据后文“I with my two babies and a very small bag.”可知，可知应是她家被大火夷为平地
了。且下文“whose home was burned down”也是提示。故选C项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Arica Lynn Souza的家在8月8日被大火夷为平地，她把aloha描述为当事情
发生时，当有人需要帮助时，aloha就在那里。A. needs需要；B. accepts接受；C. ignores忽视；D. dislikes
厌恶。根据前文“It’s the spirit to one another all the time”可知，aloha精神是彼此互相帮
助的精神，所以应是有人需要帮助时，aloha就在那里。故选A项。
8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她认为是aloha精神使拉海纳如此特别。A. cold冷的；B. comfortable舒适的；C. reasonable合理的；D. special特别的。根据后文“She thinks that it is the spirit of aloha that makes
Lahaina”结合选项应是“aloha精神使拉海纳如此特别”符合语境。且下文“sets Hawaii apart from the rest of
the world.”也是提示。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我带着两个孩子和一个很小的袋子逃了出来。A. escaped逃出；B. dropped
落下；C. argued争论。D. separated分开。根据前文“Arica Lynn Souza, whose was
burned to the ground on August 8”可知，Arica Lynn Souza家被大火夷为平地，所以是逃出火海。故选A项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及aloha是什么样子时，她很快地描绘了一幅生动的画面。A.
vivid生动的；B. bright明亮的；C. funny有趣的；D. sad悲哀的。根据后文“Aloha is the guy whose home
was burned down, who has no clothes, finds his slippers, puts them on and finds someone else
to help without expecting anything .”可知，这是一幅具体的画面，所以是描绘了一幅生动的画
面。故选A项。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：aloha是一个家被烧毁了的人，没有衣服穿，找到拖鞋，穿上它们，立即去
帮忙别人，不期待任何回报。A. carelessly粗心地；B. immediately立即；C. unnecessarily不必要地；D.
hardly几乎不。根据前文“the guy whose home was burned down, who has no clothes, finds his slippers, puts
them on”可知，这个人没有衣服穿，家被烧毁了，但却立即去帮助别人。故选B项。
12．考查介词短语辨析。句意同上。A. in person亲自；B. in advance提前；C. in return作为回报；D. in
ruins一片废墟。根据前文“It’s the spirit to one another all the time”可知，这是一种互相帮助的
精神，所以是不求回报的。故选C项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种我们与生俱来的无私的爱。A. romantic浪漫的；B. realistic现
实的；C. conditional有条件的；D. selfless无私的。根据前文“Aloha is the guy whose home was burned
down, who has no clothes, finds his slippers, puts them on and finds someone else to help without
expecting anything .”可知，帮助他人不求回报，所以这是一种无私的爱。故选D项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在灾难期间，社区成员通常倾向于互相帮助。A. turn变成；B. tend倾向；
C. refuse拒绝；D. pretend假装。根据前文“It’s the spirit to one another all the time”可知，
社区成员通常倾向于互相帮助。故选B项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但正是这种持续的情感依恋使夏威夷与世界其他地方区别开来。A.
constant不变的，持续的；B. unhealthy不健康的；C. understandable可以理解的；D. sudden突然的。根据
前文“It’s the spirit to one another all the time”可知，总是想要互相帮助，所以是不变的情
感依恋。故选A项。
3.（2024·上海市徐汇区高三上学期一模）Acupuncture(针灸), an ancient Chinese medical practice, has been the remedy for countless patients for
thousands of years. Before modern medicine came to life, ancient Chinese used stone tools to 1 pain. Over
time, this primitive practice 2 evolved into a comprehensive and profound medical system and 3
the root of acupuncture.
Acupuncture is a treatment that aims to 4 the body’s self-regulating functions. Its therapeutic
principles are in line with the 5 concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, which emphasizes all-inclusive
treatment, meridian(经络) adjustment, balance of bodily functions and overall physiological well-being.
Practices can 6 in forms, including needle insertion, cupping and scraping. Needle insertion, the most
common method, is 7 by inserting hair-thin needles into meridians, 8 specific points on the body
that 9 vital energy (the qi). Practitioners lift, twirl and rotate needles to unblock the flow of energy; 10
yin and yang balance; and stimulate the body’s innate 11 to heal itself.
Looking beyond China, acupuncture has become a global 12 . Over the years, acupuncture has seen
many advancements in scientific research and modern medicine. It is now a mainstream 13 and
complementary treatment for a variety of weaknesses. According to a 2019 WHO report, acupuncture is used in 113
of its 120 member countries, 14 its widespread recognition and application.
As an ancient Chinese medical 15 with a rich history and deep cultural significance, acupuncture is an
embodiment of profound cultural heritage and a holistic path to healing.
1．A．relieve B．resume C．release D．rebel
2．A．radically B．gradually C．reluctantly D．randomly
3．A．cultivated B．evaluated C．shaped D．eliminated
4．A．promote B．reflect C．alternate D．perform
5．A．occasional B．philosophical C．considerable D．mechanical
6．A．arise B．heal C．vary D．survive
7．A．taken over B．ended up C．figured out D．carried out
8．A．or B．and C．while D．with
9．A．block B．generate C．motivate D．channel
10．A．terrify B．stimulate C．reserve D．restore
11．A．willingness B．instinct C．potential D．nutrient
12．A．liberty B．therapy C．curiosity D．wonderland
13．A．proportion B．alternative C．procedure D．affection14．A．illustrating B．predicting C．featuring D．nominating
15．A．assessment B．occupation C．practice D．obedience
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．D
11．C 12．B 13．B 14．A 15．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针灸的起源、实践、治疗原则以及在全球的广泛得到应用和认
可。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在现代医学出现之前，古代中国人使用石器来缓解疼痛。A. relieve缓解；
B. resume恢复职位；C. release释放；D. rebel反叛。根据上文“Before modern medicine came to life, ancient
Chinese used stone tools to”以及后文“pain”此处指用石器来缓解疼痛，故选A。
2．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这种原始的做法逐渐演变成一个全面而深刻的医疗体系，
并形成了针灸的根源。A. radically根本上；B. gradually逐渐地；C. reluctantly不情愿地；D. randomly随机
地。根据上文“Over time”可知，这是一个逐渐演变的过程，故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着时间的推移，这种原始的做法逐渐演变成一个全面而深刻的医疗体系，
并形成了针灸的根源。A. cultivated培养；B. evaluated评估；C. shaped塑造；D. eliminated消灭。根据后文
“ evolved into a comprehensive and profound medical system”可知，用石器来缓解疼痛的做法形成了针灸的
根源。故选C。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：针灸是一种旨在促进身体自我调节功能的治疗方法。A. promote促进；B.
reflect反射；C. alternate交替；D. perform表演。根据后文“Its therapeutic principles are in line with
the________concepts of traditional Chinese medicine, which emphasizes all-inclusive treatment, meridian(经络)
adjustment, balance of bodily functions and overall physiological well-being.”可知，针灸旨在促进身体自我调节
功能。故选A。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它的治疗原则符合中医的哲学理念，强调包罗万象的治疗，经络调节，
身体功能平衡和整体生理健康。A. occasional偶尔的；B. philosophical哲学的；C. considerable相当大的；
D. mechanical机械的。根据后文“emphasizes all-inclusive treatment, meridian adjustment, balance of bodily
functions and overall physiological well-being”可知，中医，强调包罗万象的治疗，经络调节，身体功能平衡
和整体生理健康，属于哲学理念层面。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：实践的形式多种多样，包括插针、拔罐和刮痧。A. arise产生；B. heal治愈；
C. vary变化；D. survive生存。根据后文“including needle insertion, cupping and scraping”可知，针灸实践的
形式多种多样，包括插针、拔罐和刮痧。故选C。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：针刺是最常见的方法，是将头发细的针插入经络，或身体上输送生命能量（气）的特定点。A. taken over接管；B. ended up结束；C. figured out弄清楚；D. carried out实施。根据后
文“by inserting hair-thin needles into meridians”可知，针灸的实施方法最常见的是将头发细的针插入经络，
故选D。
8．考查连词词义辨析。句意：针刺是最常见的方法，是将头发细的针插入经络，或身体上输送生命能量
（气）的特定点。A. or或者；B. and和；C. while当……时候；D. with和。此处指经络或者是身体上输送
生命能量（气）的特定点，为选择关系，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：针刺是最常见的方法，是将头发细的针插入经络，或身体上输送生命能量
（气）的特定点。A. block阻塞；B. generate产生；C. motivate激励；D. channel引导。根据后文“vital
energy (the qi)”可知，这些穴位是用来输送生命能量的。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生举起、捻弄和旋转针来疏通能量的流动；恢复阴阳平衡；刺激身体天
生的自我治愈的潜力。A. terrify使害怕；B. stimulate刺激；C. reserve预定；D. restore恢复。根据后文
“yin and yang balance”可知，针灸是为了恢复阴阳平衡。故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：医生举起、捻弄和旋转针来疏通能量的流动；恢复阴阳平衡；刺激身体天
生的自我治愈的潜力。A. willingness愿意；B. instinct本能；C. potential潜能；D. nutrient营养。根据上文
“and stimulate the body’s innate”可知，针灸主要是刺激身体天生的自我治愈的潜力。故选C。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：放眼中国以外，针灸已经成为一种全球疗法。A. liberty自由；B. therapy治
疗；C. curiosity好奇心；D. wonderland仙境。根据后文“Over the years, acupuncture has seen many
advancements in scientific research and modern medicine.(多年来，针灸在科学研究和现代医学中取得了许多
进步)”可知，针灸是一种治疗方法。故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，它已成为治疗各种虚弱的主流替代疗法和辅助疗法。A. proportion
份额；B. alternative替代物；C. procedure程序；D. affection喜爱。根据后文“and complementary treatment”
针灸如今被作为替代疗法和辅助疗法。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据世卫组织2019年的一份报告，在其120个成员国中，有113个国家使
用针灸，这表明针灸得到了广泛的认可和应用。A. illustrating解释，表明；B. predicting预测；C. featuring
以……为特色；D. nominating提名。根据上文“acupuncture is used in 113 of its 120 member countries”可知，
针灸疗法的广泛应用表明针灸得到了广泛的认可和应用。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：针灸作为一种具有悠久历史和深厚文化内涵的中国古代医学实践，体现了
深厚的文化底蕴和整体的治疗途径。A. assessment评估；B. occupation职业；C. practice实践；D. obedience
服从。呼应上文“Over time, this primitive practice”指针灸是一种具有悠久历史和深厚文化内涵的中国古代
医学实践，故选C。4.（2024·河南省信阳市浉河区信阳高级中学高三上学期1月月考）
Today was another enlightening day at my new American school. Back in China, lunchtime is a 1
hour. We eat, talk, and most importantly, take a short nap (小睡) to 2 for the afternoon. This relaxing
routine of our midday break allowed for a 3 escape from the day’s demands. But here? It’s like a 4
against the clock.
The bell rang, and everyone 5 to the cafeteria. I followed, naively (天真地) thinking I’d have 6
time to eat and perhaps even close my eyes for a moment. However, I barely had time to finish my sandwich before
the next bell hit. Where did the time go?
And the nap? Forget about it. There’s no 7 for that comfort here. In China, we have these cozy mats
in the classroom for our post-lunch rest. But in America, the 8 of napping in school seems as 9
to them as the absence of a nap is to me.
At first, I felt quite sleepy in the afternoon classes. I 10 that brief break we get in China. But then I
noticed something. Even without the nap, my classmates were hardly tired. Perhaps they’re used to this fast
schedule, or maybe they 11 on pure youthful energy. Who knows?
I’m beginning to 12 that life here is simply faster. People eat 13 , converse rapidly, and
shift swiftly. It’s a(n) 14 with the life style back in China, but perhaps it’s not harmful, just another 15
of life.
1．A．cherished B．productive C．fixed D．secure
2．A．fight B．recharge C．settle D．evaluate
3．A．narrow B．secret C．desperate D．peaceful
4．A．march B．test C．race D．game
5．A．paraded B．wandered C．leapt D．rushed
6．A．inadequate B．sufficient C．limited D．golden
7．A．excuse B．doubt C．boundary D．access
8．A．concept B．application C．benefit D．knowledge
9．A．scary B．odd C．awkward D．shallow
10．A．replaced B．postponed C．missed D．supported
11．A．operate B．insist C．concentrate D．reflect
12．A．consider B．question C．grasp D．imagine
13．A．regularly B．hurriedly C．properly D．eventually14．A．agreement B．interaction C．connection D．contrast
15．A．manner B．circumstance C．moment D．challenge
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C 11．A
12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要对比了中国和美国学校不同的生活方式，在中国，午餐时间是一段珍
贵的时光，可以吃东西，聊天，最重要的是，打个小盹，为下午充电。但是美国学校没有这样的传统，一
切都很匆忙，和时间赛跑。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在中国，午餐时间是一段珍贵的时光。A. cherished珍贵的；B. productive
多产的；C. fixed固定的；D. secure稳固的。根据后文“This relaxing routine of our midday break”可知，中
国午餐时间可以放松，是珍贵的时光。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们吃东西，聊天，最重要的是，打个小盹，为下午充电。A. fight战斗；
B. recharge充电；C. settle解决；D. evaluate评价。根据上文“take a short nap to”以及常识，打盹是为了给
下午充电。故选B。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种午休的放松习惯让我们可以平静地逃离一天的工作。A. narrow狭窄
的；B. secret秘密的；C. desperate绝望的；D. peaceful和平的。根据后文“escape from the day’s demands”
可知，午休的放松习惯让我们可以平静地逃离一天的工作。故选D。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就像是在和时间赛跑。A. march行军；B. test测试；C. race比赛；D.
game游戏。根据后文“I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. (下一个铃响之前，我几
乎没来得及吃完三明治)”可知，美国的时间很紧张，就像是在和时间赛跑。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下课铃响了，每个人都冲向自助餐厅。A. paraded游行；B. wandered徘徊；
C. leapt跳跃；D. rushed急忙。上文提到和时间赛跑，所以每个人都很匆忙，下课铃响了，每个人都冲向自
助餐厅。故选D。
6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我跟在后面，天真地以为我有足够的时间吃东西，甚至可能闭上眼睛一
会儿。A. inadequate不足的；B. sufficient充足的；C. limited有限的；D. golden金色的。根据后文
“However, I barely had time to finish my sandwich before the next bell hit. Where did the time go?(然而，下一
个铃响之前，我几乎没来得及吃完我的三明治。时间都去哪儿了？)”可知，作者天真地以为自己还有足够
的时间吃东西，故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里没有那种舒适。A. excuse借口；B. doubt怀疑；C. boundary边界；D.
access入口。根据上文“And the nap? Forget about it.(午睡？别想了)”可知，没有午睡的舒适，no access for表示“无法获得，无法得到”。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但在美国，在学校里打盹的概念对他们来说就像对我来说没有打盹一样奇
怪。A. concept概念；B. application申请；C. benefit利益；D. knowledge知识。根据后文“of napping in
school”此处指中国在学校里午睡的概念，故选A。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在美国，在学校里打盹的概念对他们来说就像对我来说没有打盹一样
奇怪。A. scary可怕的；B. odd奇怪的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. shallow浅的。根据上文可知，作者是中国
人，习惯了午睡，但是美国学校没有这样的传统，所以在美国，在学校里打盹的概念对他们来说就像对作
者来说没有打盹一样奇怪。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想念了我们在中国的短暂休息。A. replaced代替；B. postponed推迟；C.
missed想念；D. supported支持。根据上文“At first, I felt quite sleepy in the afternoon classes.(起初，我在下
午的课上感到很困)”可知，作者没有午睡下午上课感到困，所以想念在中国的短暂休息。故选C。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：也许他们已经习惯了这种快节奏的日程安排，或者他们纯粹是靠年轻的精
力来运作的。A. operate操作；B. insist坚持；C. concentrate集中；D. reflect反思。根据后文“on pure
youthful energy”指依靠年轻的精力来运作。故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始明白这里的生活就是快得多。A. consider考虑；B. question质问；
C. grasp明白，抓住；D. imagine想象。根据后文“that life here is simply faster”可知，作者开始明白这里的
生活就是快得多。故选C。
13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们吃得匆忙，交谈得迅速，移动得迅速。A. regularly定期地；B.
hurriedly匆忙地；C. properly合适地；D. eventually最后。根据后文“converse rapidly, and shift swiftly”可知，
这里一切都很匆忙，故选B。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这与中国的生活方式形成了鲜明的对比，但也许这没有害处，只是另一种
生活方式。A. agreement协议；B. interaction互动；C. connection联系；D. contrast差异。根据后文“with
the life style back in China”可知，这里匆忙的生活方式，和中国放松的生活方式形成了对比，故选D。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这与中国的生活方式形成了鲜明的对比，但也许这没有害处，只是另一种
生活方式。A. manner礼貌，方式；B. circumstance环境；C. moment时刻；D. challenge挑战。呼应上文
“with the life style back in China”这里快节奏的生活方式，也只是另一种生活方式而已。故选A。
5.（2024·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学校高三上学期1月期末）
Years ago, I lived in the English midlands and would walk the same route along the local canal each evening.
On winter mornings, I would see the 1 sight of bird flocks dancing across the landscape, a distant
cacophony (刺耳的嘈杂声) 2 above the fields. They were jackdaws (寒鸦), the smallest member of thecrow family.
Research led by Masters student Alex Dibnah asked: Why are jackdaws so loud when they 3 ? Then
he began to work with a team. The team’s 4 was that the morning calls might be a jackdaw version of “
5 ”. Each individual’s call might 6 as an “I’m in!” helping them coordinate (协调) their 7 .
To test this, the researchers artificially 8 call levels during the jackdaws’ morning cacophony using
speakers at their sleeping sites. When extra calls were played, the jackdaws 9 earlier, showing they use
calls as a check-in system.
Individual jackdaws 10 from leaving with the flock because they get more social information like
where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food, and they’re less 11 being
attacked. This sort of decision-making isn’t 12 to jackdaws — it’s been reported in other species as
well.
So, the cacophony of jackdaws in the morning is a clever solution to 13 a large group. If you’re
14 by the noise, find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in 15
.
1．A．frightening B．peaceful C．familiar D．unusual
2．A．fading B．stopping C．changing D．rising
3．A．fly B．gather C．appear D．return
4．A．evidence B．theory C．experiment D．difficulty
5．A．fitting in B．breaking in C．stepping in D．signing in
6．A．resign B．count C．check D．rank
7．A．movement B．progress C．gesture D．demand
8．A．created B．graded C．increased D．maintained
9．A．settled B．left C．escaped D．arrived
10．A．benefit B．learn C．suffer D．keep
11．A．in defense of B．in control of C．at risk of D．at the sight of
12．A．common B．essential C．open D．unique
13．A．joining B．organizing C．mastering D．warning
14．A．bothered B．impressed C．surprised D．fascinated
15．A．trouble B．wonder C．peace D．charge
【答案】
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．A 11．C12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳（Alex Dibnah）领导着做了一项关于为
什么寒鸦聚集时声音大的研究。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在冬天的早晨，我会看到熟悉的景象，成群的鸟在风景中跳舞，远处的
嘈杂声在田野上空升起。A. frightening令人害怕的；B. peaceful和平的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. unusual不
同寻常的。根据上文“would walk the same route along the local canal each evening”可知，亚历克斯·迪布纳
每天晚上都会沿着当地的运河走同样的路，所以他看到的是每天都会看见的熟悉的景象。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：见第1题详解。A. fading褪色；B. stopping停止；C. changing改变；D.
rising上升。根据下文“above the fields”可知，远处的嘈杂声在田野上空升起。故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由硕士生亚历克斯·迪布纳领导着做的研究问道：为什么寒鸦聚集时声音这
么大？A. fly飞；B. gather聚集；C. appear出现；D. return回来。根据下文“showing they use calls as a
check-in system”可知，寒鸦声音这么大是在它们早上聚集时发出的。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队的理论是，早上的叫声可能是寒鸦版的“签到”。A. evidence证明；
B. theory理论；C. experiment实验；D. difficulty困难。根据下文“was that the morning calls might be a
jackdaw version of “ ” .”可知，接下来是亚历克斯·迪布纳先推测的理论结果。故选B。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第4题详解。A. fitting in适应；B. breaking in破门而入；C. stepping in迈
进；D. signing in签到。根据下文“Each individual’s call might as an “I’m in!” helping them
coordinate(协调) their .”和“showing they use calls as a check-in system”可知，寒鸦早上的叫声可能
是寒鸦版的“签到”。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个成员的喊叫都可以认为是“我加入了！”帮助他们协调行动。A. resign
辞职；B. count计数，认为；C. check检查；D. rank排名。根据下文“as an “I’m in!””可知，这里指每个寒
鸦成员的喊叫都被认为是“我加入了！”的信号。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. movement移动；B. progress进步；C. gesture姿势；D.
demand要求。根据下文“When extra calls were played, the jackdaws earlier, showing they use calls
as a check-in system.”可知，这里指寒鸦成员的叫声协调了它们的到来和离开的行动。故选A。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了测试这一点，研究人员在寒鸦睡觉的地方使用扬声器，人为地增加了
它们早上发出刺耳声音时的叫声水平。A. created创造；B. graded分级；C. increased增加；D. maintained保
持。根据下文“using speakers”可知，研究人员使用扬声器，应该是人为地增加了它们早上发出刺耳声音时
的叫声水平。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当播放额外的喊叫时，寒鸦会提前离开，这表明它们将叫声作为登记系统。A. settled定居；B. left离开；C. escaped逃脱；D. arrived到达。根据上文“When extra calls were played”和
下文“leaving with the flock”可知，当额外的叫声被播放时，寒鸦会当成是要离开的信号，所以会提前离开。
故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：个体寒鸦从与群体一起离开中受益，因为它们可以获得更多的社会信息，
比如在哪里寻找食物，它们可以最大限度地延长寻找食物的时间，而且它们被攻击的风险更小。A. benefit
获益；B. learn学习；C. suffer遭受；D. keep保持。根据下文“because they get more social information like
where to find food, they can maximize their time spent finding food”可知，这是和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的
好处。故选A。
11．考查介词短语辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. in defense of防御；B. in control of控制；C. at risk of冒
险；D. at the sight of看见。根据上文“Individual jackdaws from leaving with the flock”可知，这是个
体寒鸦和寒鸦群体一起离开中得到的好处，所以个体寒鸦被攻击的风险应该是更小。故选C。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种决策并非寒鸦独有，其他物种也有报道。A. common常见的；B.
essential基础的；C. open开的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“it’s been reported in other species as well”可知，
其他物种也有报道这种决策，所以它并非寒鸦独有的。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。A. joining加
入；B. organizing组织；C. mastering精通；D. warning警告。根据上文“the cacophony of jackdaws in the
morning is a clever solution to”可知，早上寒鸦的嘈杂声应该是组织一大群成员的聪明解决方案。故选B。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你被噪音困扰，请从噪音越大，越早让你平静下来这一事实中找到安
慰。A. bothered打扰；B. impressed给…印象；C. surprised使吃惊；D. fascinated迷住。根据下文“by the
noise”可知，这里应该是指人们会被寒鸦的喊叫烦扰。故选A。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第14题详解。A. trouble麻烦；B. wonder奇迹；C. peace和平；D.
charge控告。根据上文“find comfort in the fact that the louder they get, the sooner they’ll leave you in”可知，
寒鸦叫的声音越大越早，说明它们会越早离开，就会让你越早平静下来。故选C。
完形填空之议论文
1.（2024·广东省深圳市龙岗区高三上学期1月期末）
City walk gains popularity among young Chinese. Different from the fast-paced “special forces style” (特种部
队式) tourism, city walk is 1 and not very purposeful.
To a certain extent, “special forces style” tourism is just a(n) 2 of regular travel, where young
people spend 9 hours in a city with the same travel guides and check-in list. By comparison, city walk allows
people to explore a city 3 without deliberately joining the 4 at popular tourist spots or waitingin 5 lines outside popular restaurants for hours. People 6 the past and present of a city as a
local resident. After all, time is not 7 and the need for travel is not so pressing any more.
While “special forces style” tourists 8 fast pace and purposefulness, city walkers are completely
slow and free. What really matters is 9 wandering. People expect that a trip frees themselves from high
10 and repetitive daily life. Since such words as leisure, 11 and purposelessness are associated
with city walk, it seems not difficult to understand why young people are 12 about it.
When we were children in school, 45 minutes of class was worth a 10 minute 13 . As we have
14 and started working hard, we always want to 15 freedom in life during free time. City walk
is a path where we can freely choose, plan, and explore.
1．A．costly B．leisurely C．brief D．normal
2．A．innovation B．lesson C．repetition D．secret
3．A．eagerly B．rapidly C．freely D．precisely
4．A．sellers B．crowds C．audiences D．hosts
5．A．quiet B．straight C．formal D．long
6．A．discover B．develop C．remember D．determine
7．A．abundant B．unique C．precious D．urgent
8．A．ignore B．understand C．emphasize D．explain
9．A．aimless B．occasional C．individual D．meaningless
10．A．reputation B．tension C．expectation D．recognition
11．A．creativity B．efficiency C．speed D．relaxation
12．A．anxious B．particular C．enthusiastic D．cautious
13．A．break B．leave C．discussion D．exercise
14．A．stood up B．grown up C．teamed up D．shown up
15．A．escape B．spread C．restrict D．pursue
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．B
11．D 12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了城市漫步在年轻中国人中越来越流行的现象，并将其与“特
种兵式”旅游进行了对比。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与快节奏的“特种兵式”旅游不同，城市漫步是悠闲的，不太有目的性。
A. costly昂贵的；B. leisurely悠闲的；C. brief简短的；D. normal正常的。根据“While “special forces style”
tourists ________ fast pace and purposefulness, city walkers are completely slow and free. What really matters is________ wandering.”可知，城市漫步是悠闲的。故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在某种程度上，“特种兵式”旅游只是常规旅行的一种重复，年轻人在一
个城市花 9 小时使用相同的旅行指南和入住清单。A. innovation创新；B. lesson课程；C. repetition重复；
D. secret秘密。根据“where young people spend 9 hours in a city with the same travel guides and check-in list.”
可知，年轻人在一个城市花 9 小时，使用同样的旅行指南和入住清单，这是常规旅行的一种重复。故选
C。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门
旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. eagerly急切地；B. rapidly迅速地；C.
freely自由地；D. precisely精确地。根据“without deliberately joining the ________ at popular tourist spots or
waiting in ________ lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”可知，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城
市。故选C。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热门
旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. seller卖家；B. crowds人群；C. audiences
观众；D. hosts主人。根据“at popular tourist spots or waiting in ________ lines outside popular restaurants for
hours.”可知，此处是指加入在热门旅游景点或在热门餐厅外排长队的人群。故选B。
5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相比之下，城市漫步可以让人们自由地探索一个城市，而不必刻意在热
门旅游景点加入人群，也不必在热门餐厅外排几个小时的长队。A. quiet安静的；B. straight直的；C.
formal正式的；D. long长的。根据“lines outside popular restaurants for hours.”和常识可知，热门餐厅外往
往都排着长队。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为当地居民，人们发现一个城市的过去和现在。A. discover发现；B.
develop发展；C. remember记得；D. determine决定。根据“as a local resident.”可知，城市漫步让旅行者作
为一个当地居民，去发现一个城市的过去和现在。故选A。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕竟，时间并不紧迫，旅行的需要也不再那么紧迫了。A. abundant充足
的；B. unique独特的；C. precious珍贵的；D. urgent紧急的。根据“and the need for travel is not so pressing
any more.”可知，作为当地居民，旅行的时间并不紧迫。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“特种兵式”的游客强调快节奏和目的性，而城市漫步者则完全是缓慢而
自由的。A. ignore忽视；B. understand理解；C. emphasize强调；D. explain解释。while表示对比，根据
“city walkers are completely slow and free.”可知，“特种兵式”旅游的游客强调旅游的快节奏和目的性。故
选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正重要的是漫无目的的闲逛。A. aimless无目的的；B. occasional偶尔的；C. individual个人的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据“city walkers are completely slow and free.”可知，
城市漫步的游客完全是自由和无目的的。故选A。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们期望通过旅行将自己从高度紧张和重复的日常生活中解放出来。A.
reputation名声；B. tension紧张；C. expectation期待；D. recognition 识别。根据“and repetitive daily life.”
可知，人们旅行的目的是从高度紧生活中解放出来。张故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如此
热衷也就不足为奇了。A. creativity创造力；B. efficiency效率；C. speed速度；D. relaxation放松。根据
“Since such words as leisure,”和“and purposelessness are associated with city walk,”可知，年轻人热衷城市漫
步是因为其具有休闲、放松和无目的性。故选D。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：既然休闲、放松和无目的是与城市漫步相关的词汇，那么年轻人对它如
此热衷也就不足为奇了。A. anxious焦虑的；B. particular特别的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. cautious谨慎
的。根据“Since such words as leisure, ________ and purposelessness are associated with city walk,”可知，城市
漫步具有休闲、放松和无目的的特点，所以年轻人热衷与此。故选C。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们还是孩子的时候，45分钟的课程值得10分钟的休息。A. break休息；
B. leave离开；C. discussion讨论；D. exercise锻炼。根据“When we were children in school,”可知，这里指
学校课间10分钟的休息。故选A。
14．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始工作时，我们总是想要在自由时间里放松。A. stood
up站起来；B. grown up长大；C. teamed up组队；D. shown up出现。根据“and started working hard, we
always want to ________ freedom in life during free time.”可知，长大后开始工作，总希望在自由时间里放松。
故选B。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们长大并开始努力工作时，我们总是希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自
由。A. escape逃离；B. spread传播；C. restrict限制；D. pursue追求。根据“As we have ________ and
started working hard,”可知，工作时，希望在空闲时间追求生活中的自由。故选D。
2.（2024·重庆市第一中学校高三上学期10月阶段性考试）
My sense of leadership has been shaped by my father, whose 25 years in public education have positively
impacted many students. On the last day of each school year he would come home with many cards and gifts, from
both 1 students graduating and former students who stopped by to thank him. Apart from his role as a
respected teacher, my father was also a 2 who helped others learn to find themselves, rather than direct their
actions or words through 3 . I’ve come to believe that power is the ability to 4 people to evolve,
and that successful 5 is measured only by the success and well-being of the people around you.As a result of this understanding, I’ve 6 an active presence in my high school’s peer tutoring program.
Since I also hope to become a 7 , this experience has helped me better understand the skills needed to help
people 8 their educational obstacles.
Coaching in 9 is another mode of leadership that I hope to keep. Powerlifting has had a major place in
my after-school life. I’ve found the strength sport environment to be really 10 , because everyone can
participate in it. In addition, it 11 cooperation and support. This goes back to the measurement of
encouraging success and 12 of others.
The path to becoming a more 13 leader comes from establishing bonds and developing skills
alongside other people, so that eventually your ability to lead follows 14 from your experience and
abilities you’ve practiced over years of work. By 15 oneself and others, we eventually become a true
leader and educator.
1．A．wealthy B．familiar C．generous D．current
2．A．consultant B．volunteer C．leader D．psychologist
3．A．education B．morality C．patience D．authority
4．A．inspire B．ask C．order D．beg
5．A．friendship B．membership C．hardship D．leadership
6．A．maintained B．noticed C．refused D．known
7．A．player B．father C．programmer D．teacher
8．A．encounter B．overcome C．establish D．ignore
9．A．music B．sport C．dance D．science
10．A．accessible B．depressing C．competitive D．clean
11．A．stresses B．compares C．avoids D．replaces
12．A．money B．action C．happiness D．fame
13．A．demanding B．selfish C．effective D．optimistic
14．A．wildly B．naturally C．occasionally D．formally
15．A．playing with B．lifting up C．showing off D．giving away
【答案】
1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．B 9．B 10．A 11．A
12．C 13．C 14．B 15．B
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章作者通过父亲作为一名成功的领导者的例子阐述了自己对领导意识的理解。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在每个学年的最后一天，他都会带着许多卡片和礼物回家，来自即将毕业的学生，也有前来感谢他的老学生。A. wealthy富有的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. generous慷慨的；D.
current现在的，当前的。根据“On the last day of each school year he would come home with many cards and
gifts”可知，这些卡片和礼物是即将毕业的学生送的，或者以前的老学生送的。故选D。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了作为一个受人尊敬的老师，我的父亲也是一个领导者，他帮助别人学
会发现自己，而不是通过权威来指导他们的行动或言语。A. consultant咨询顾问；B. volunteer志愿者；C.
leader领导者；D. psychologist心理学家。根据上文“My sense of leadership has been shaped by my father”可
知，父亲一个领导者。故选C。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. education教育；B. morality道德，道义；C. patience耐心；D.
authority权威，权力。根据“who helped others learn to find themselves, rather than direct their actions or
words”可知，父亲作为领导帮助别人学会发现自己，而不是通过权威来指导他们的行动或言语。故选D。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始相信，权力是一种激励人们进步的能力，而成功的领导只能通过你
周围人的成功和幸福来衡量。A. inspire激励，鼓舞；B. ask问；C. order命令；D. beg乞求。根据上文
“my father was also a who helped others learn to find themselves, rather than direct their actions or
words through ”可知，父亲作为领导的所作所为让作者意识到权力是一种激励人们进步的能力。
故选A。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. friendship友谊；B. membership会员资格；C. hardship困难；D.
leadership领导能力。根据上文“My sense of leadership has been shaped by my father”和下文“is another
mode of leadership”可知，此处是信息词leadership的词汇复现。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于这种理解，我一直积极参加高中的同伴辅导项目。A. maintained维持，
坚持；B. noticed注意；C. refused拒绝；D. known知道，了解。根据“my high school’s peer tutoring
program.”可知，作者一直坚持参加高中的同伴辅导项目。故选A。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我也希望成为一名教师，这段经历使我更好地了解了帮助人们克服教
育障碍所需的技能。A. player运动员；B. father父亲；C. programmer程序员；D. teacher老师。根据“help
people”和“their educational obstacles.”可知，作者希望成为一名老师。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. encounter遭遇，遇到；B. overcome克服；C. establish建立；D.
ignore忽视。根据“their educational obstacles.”可知，作者想帮助人们克服教育障碍。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：体育教练是我希望保留的另一种领导方式。A. music音乐；B. sport运动；
C. dance舞蹈；D. science科学。根据“Powerlifting has had a major place in my after-school life.”可知，作者
希望保留体育教练这种领导方式。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我发现力量运动的环境真地很容易达到，因为每个人都可以参与其中。A. accessible可到达的，可接近的；B. depressing令人沮丧的；C. competitive有竞争性的；D. clean干净的。
根据“because everyone can participate in it.”可知，力量运动的环境真地很容易达到。故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，它强调合作与支持。A. stresses强调；B. compares比较；C. avoids
避免；D. replaces取代，代替。根据“cooperation and support”可知，力量运动强调合作与支持。故选A。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这又回到了鼓励他人成功和幸福的衡量标准。A. money钱；B. action行动；
C. happiness幸福，快乐；D. fame名声，名誉。根据上文“is measured only by the success and well-being of
the people around you.”可知，此处指幸福。故选C。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：成为一个更有效的领导者的途径来自于与他人建立联系和发展技能，所
以最终你的领导能力自然来自于你多年工作的经验和能力。A. demanding要求高的；B. selfish自私的；C.
effective有效的；D. optimistic乐观的。根据“establishing bonds and developing skills alongside other people”
可知，与他人建立联系和发展技能是成为一个更有效的领导者的途径。故选C。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. wildly疯狂地；B. naturally自然地；C. occasionally偶尔；D.
formally正式地。根据“from your experience and abilities you’ve practiced over years of work.”可知，最终你
的领导能力自然来自于你多年工作的经验和能力。故选B。
15．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过提升自己和他人，我们最终成为一个真正的领导者和教育家。A.
playing with和……一起玩；B. lifting up举起，提升；C. showing off炫耀；D. giving away捐赠。根据上文
“My sense of leadership has been shaped by my father, whose 25 years in public education have positively
impacted many students”可知，想要最终成为一个真正的领导者和教育家，就需要提升自己和他人。故选
B。
3.（2024·河南省洛阳市等三地名校高三上学期开学联考）
Starting a career in engineering can be challenging. You know what you 1 : experience, a network, and
often the confidence that everything will 2 .
My advice to young engineers is: Focus on your 3 , and stop worrying about your weaknesses. Of
course, you must 4 problems in areas where you are weak, but 5 spending too much effort on them.
Chances are that you will never be perfect in those areas, so it makes no 6 in wasting your energy.
Of course, there will be times when things are hard, but if you believe in yourself and have a 7 of where
you want to go and develop your strengths——they’ll 8 you apart, you will go far.
The biggest challenge I have faced in my career is being a woman in a 9 profession. When I started
working, I was the only female engineer in my division. Though I was as 10 as my colleagues, it was
tough to get them to accept me as their 11 . Instead of feeling upset, I chose to focus on my strengths as awoman engineer to earn their respect. 12 , they accepted me.
Thankfully, the gender 13 has improved since I first started. Now, I have several female engineers
working in my team. As the head, I get a thrill from 14 people in roles and on projects according to their
abilities and seeing them achieve great results. Helping a person 15 by focusing on her strengths gives me
a huge amount of satisfaction.
1．A．approve B．lack C．envy D．face
2．A．bring out B．put out C．work out D．leave out
3．A．strengths B．hobbies C．routines D．priorities
4．A．expand B．identify C．observe D．address
5．A．avoid B．ignore C．practise D．escape
6．A．compromise B．excuse C．mistake D．sense
7．A．practice B．luck C．review D．vision
8．A．keep B．take C．set D．tell
9．A．narrow-minded B．male-dominated C．old-fashioned D．female-centred
10．A．stubborn B．humorous C．capable D．realistic
11．A．equal B．opponent C．contemporary D．friend
12．A．Occasionally B．Originally C．Frequently D．Eventually
13．A．characteristic B．role C．balance D．preference
14．A．placing B．inspiring C．concerning D．updating
15．A．explore B．develop C．compete D．qualify
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C
11．A 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章以自己的经历告诉年轻的工程师：关注自己的优点，无需担忧自己的缺
点。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你知道自己缺乏什么：经验，人际关系，通常还有一切都会解决的信心。
A. approve同意；B. lack缺乏；C. envy嫉妒；D. face面对。根据上文“Starting a career in engineering can
be challenging.”可知，这里指的是刚刚工作的人，由此可知，下文提到的“experience, a network, and often
the confidence”是这些人所缺乏的。故选B。
2．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你知道自己缺乏什么：经验，人际关系，通常还有一切都会解决的信
心。A. bring out拿出；B. put out扑灭；C. work out解决、锻炼；D. leave out省略。根据句意可知，刚刚步
入职场的人缺乏那种一切都会解决的信心。故选C。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对年轻工程师的建议是：关注你的优点，不要担心你的缺点。A. strengths
强项、优点；B. hobbies爱好；C. routines常规工作；D. priorities优先权。根据下文“stop worrying about
your weaknesses”可知，下文指的是不要担心自己的缺点，由此可知，空处指的是专注自己的优点。故选
A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，你必须在自己的弱项上解决问题，但不要在这些方面花费太多精力。
A. expand扩展；B. identify识别；C. observe观察；D. address发表演说、解决。根据空后“problems in
areas where you are weak”，可知，空后指的是弱项上的问题，根据常识可知，这些问题是需要解决的。故
选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，你必须在自己的弱项上解决问题，但不要在这些方面花费太多精力。
A. avoid避免；B. ignore忽视；C. practise练习；D. escape逃离。根据下文“Chances are that you will never
be perfect in those areas”可知，很有可能在这些方面永远都不会完美，由此推断，在这些方面不要花费太多
精力。故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：很有可能你在这些方面永远不会完美，所以浪费精力是没有意义的。A.
compromise妥协；B. excuse借口；C. mistake错误；D. sense感官。短语：make no sense，意为“毫无意
义”；再根据上文“Chances are that you will never be perfect in those areas”可知，有些方面你可能永远不会
完美，由此可知，在这方面浪费精力是没有意义的。故选D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，会有困难的时候，但如果你相信自己，对自己想要去的地方有一个
愿景，并发展你的优势——它们会让你与众不同，你会走得很远。 A. practice练习；B. luck运气；C.
review复习；D. vision视力、愿景。根据空后的“where you want to go and develop your strengths”可知，下
文指的是自己对于自己未来发展的愿景；考查短语：have a vision of，意为“对……的愿景”。故选D。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当然，会有困难的时候，但如果你相信自己，对自己想要去的地方有一个
愿景，并发展你的优势——它们会让你与众不同，你会走得很远。 A. keep维持；B. take取走；C. set设立；
D. tell讲述。根据下文“you will go far”可知，对未来的愿景会让你与众不同；短语：set…apart，意为“使
与众不同”。故选C。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我在职业生涯中面临的最大挑战是，作为一名女性，在一个男性主导的
行业中工作。A. narrow-minded眼光短浅的；B. male-dominated男性主宰的；C. old-fashioned过时的；D.
female-centred以女性为中心的。跟下文“When I started working, I was the only female engineer in my
division.”可知，这个行业是由男性主导的。故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然我和我的同事一样有能力，但要让他们平等对待我却很难。A.
stubborn顽固的；B. humorous幽默的；C. capable有能力的；D. realistic现实的。根据下文“Instead offeeling upset, I chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect. ______, they accepted
me.”可知，作者没有感到沮丧，反而继续专注自己的优点，从而获得同事的尊重。由此可知，作者虽然有
能力，却因为这个行业是男性主导而不被平等对待。故选C。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我和我的同事一样有能力，但要让他们平等对待我却很难。A. equal
平等；B. opponent对手；C. contemporary同龄人；D. friend朋友。根据下文“Instead of feeling upset, I
chose to focus on my strengths as a woman engineer to earn their respect. ______, they accepted me.”可知，作者
没有感到沮丧，反而继续专注自己的优点，从而获得同事的尊重。由此可知，最初同事是不能平等对待作
者的。故选A。
12．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，他们接受了我。A. Occasionally偶尔地；B. Originally起初；C.
Frequently频繁地；D. Eventually最终。根据空后“they accepted me.”可知，通过作者的努力，最终同事接
受了自己。根据故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：值得庆幸的是，自从我开始工作以来，性别平衡已经有所改善。A.
characteristic特点；B. role角色；C. balance平衡；D. preference偏爱。根据下文“Now, I have several female
engineers working in my team.”可知，现在作者的团队里已经不止一个女性了，也就是说性别平衡已经有所
改善。故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为主管，根据人们的能力分配他们的角色和项目，并看到他们取得了巨
大的成果，这让我感到兴奋。A. placing放置；B. inspiring激励；C. concerning与……有关；D. updating更
新。根据下文“in roles and on projects according to their abilities”可知，是根据人们的能力将人们分配不同
的角色和项目。故选A。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过关注一个人的优势来帮助她发展，这给了我巨大的满足感。A. explore
探索；B. develop发展；C. compete完成；D. qualify取得资格。根据上文“As the head, I get a thrill
from______people in roles and on projects according to their abilities and seeing them achieve great results.”可知，
作者看到了别人的优点而给他们分配了适合的角色和项目，并看到他们取得了巨大的成就。由此可知，作
者是通过关注一个人的优势而帮助她发展。故选B。
4.（2024·江西省贵溪市实验中学高三第四次模拟检测）
When my daughter completes a task, I can’t help but praise her. It’s only natural to give praise where praise is
1 , right? But is there such a thing as too much praise?
According to psychologist Katherine Phillip, children don’t 2 from constant praise as much as we’d
like to think. “Parents often praise, 3 they are building their child’s self-confidence. 4 over-
praising can have a negative effect,” says Phillip. “When we use the same praise 5 , it may become emptyand no longer 6 by the child. It can also become a (an) 7 that anything they do must be rewarded
with praise. This may lead to the child avoiding taking risks due to 8 of disappointing their parents.”
Does this mean we should 9 all the praise? Phillip says no. “The key to healthy praise is to focus on
the process 10 the outcome. It is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they
achieved something, that is 11 ,” she says. “Parents should encourage their child to take the risks needed
to learn and grow.”
So how do we break the 12 of praise we’re all so accustomed (习惯) to? Phillip says it’s important
to 13 the distinction between “person praise” and “process praise”. “Person praise is simply saying how
14 someone is. It’s a form of personal judgement. Process praise is 15 of the efforts the person has
just undertaken. Children who receive person praise, are more likely to feel shame after losing,” says Phillip.
1．A．normal B．intelligent C．due D．grateful
2．A．analyze B．define C．profit D．reflect
3．A．convincing B．believing C．claiming D．debating
4．A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Meanwhile D．However
5．A．merely B．rarely C．gradually D．repeatedly
6．A．constructed B．understood C．prized D．evaluated
7．A．curiosity B．potential C．virtue D．expectation
8．A．lack B．fear C．infection D．presence
9．A．do away with B．get away with C．look up to D．give way to
10．A．other than B．rather than C．or rather D．more than
11．A．emotional B．remarkable C．essential D．accessible
12．A．pattern B．custom C．tendency D．response
13．A．identify B．confirm C．clarify D．classify
14．A．annoying B．disturbing C．great D．crucial
15．A．completion B．objective C．consequence D．acknowledgement
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 10．B
11．C 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了“过程表扬”比“个人表扬”更重要。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在该表扬的地方表扬是很自然的，对吧? A. normal正常的；B. intelligent
聪明的；C. due适当的，恰当的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文“When my daughter completes a task”和句中
“natural to give praise”可知，女儿完成一项任务，作者进行表扬是自然的，恰当的事情。故选C项。2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：根据心理学家凯瑟琳·菲利普的说法，孩子们并没有像我们想象的那样能从
不断的表扬中获益。A. analyze分析；B. define给……下定义；C. profit获益；D. reflect反映。根据句中
“as much as we’d like to think”和下文“Parents often praise, 3 they are building their child’s self-
confidence.”可知，我们认为表扬可以培养自信心，能让孩子获益。但本句中质疑了这一个观点，认为孩子
并不像我们想象的那样能从表扬中获益。故选C项。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母经常表扬孩子，认为他们在培养孩子的自信心。A. convincing使确信；
B. believing相信，认为；C. claiming声称；D. debating争论。根据句中“they are building their child’s self-
confidence.”可知，父母经常表扬孩子是因为他们认为表扬能培养孩子的自信心。故选B项。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，过度表扬也会产生负面影响。A. Therefore因此；B. Moreover而且；
C. Meanwhile同时；D. However然而。上文说父母认为表扬能培养孩子的自信心，下文“over-praising can
have a negative effect”讲表扬也会产生负面影响，上下文有转折关系。故选D项。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们反复使用同样的赞美时，它可能会变得空洞，不再被孩子所珍视。A.
merely仅仅；B. rarely很少；C. gradually逐渐；D. repeatedly重复。根据句中“use the same praise”和“may
become empty”可推知，反复重复使用赞美会带来负面影响。故选D项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们反复使用同样的赞美时，它可能会变得空洞，不再被孩子所珍视。A.
constructed构建；B. understood理解；C. prized珍视；D. evaluated评估。根据句中“become empty”可推知，
反复使用赞美会让赞美变得空洞，所有孩子就不再珍视它。故选C项。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它也可以成为一种期望，即他们所做的任何事情都必须得到表扬。A.
curiosity好奇心；B. potential潜力；C. virtue美德；D. expectation期望。根据句中“anything they do must be
rewarded with praise.”可知，习惯了赞美的孩子会在完成任何事情后都期望得到赞美。故选D项。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这可能会导致孩子因为害怕让父母失望而避免冒险。A. lack缺乏；B. fear
恐惧；C. infection感染；D. presence出席。根据句中“disappointing their parents”可知，害怕父母失望，所
有会避免冒险。故选B项。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是否意味着我们应该放弃所有的赞美? A. do away with取消，废除；B. get
away with逃脱；C. look up to仰望；D. give way to让路。上文提出过度赞美会带来负面影响，所有句中提
问：是否应该放弃所有的赞美？。故选A项。
10．考查固定短语辨析。句意：健康赞美的关键是关注过程而不是结果。A. other than除...之外；B. rather
than而不是；C. or rather或者反而；D. more than超过。根据下文“It is the recognition of a child’s attempt, or
the process in which they achieved something,”可知，作者认为过程比结果更重要，赞美应关注过程而不是结
果。故选B项。11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对孩子的尝试或他们取得成就的过程的认可是非常重要的。A. emotional
情感的；B. remarkable显著的；C. essential必要的；D. accessible可进入的。根据上文可知，过程比结果更
重要，所以“recognition of a child’s attempt, or the process in which they achieved something”是非常重要的。
故选C项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那么，我们如何打破我们都习以为常的赞美模式呢? A. pattern模式；B.
custom习惯；C. tendency倾向；D. response反应。根据句中“we’re all so accustomed (习惯) to”可知，要打
破我们已经习惯的模式。故选A项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：菲利普说，区分“个人表扬”和“过程表扬”很重要。A. identify认出，
识别；B. confirm确认；C. clarify澄清；D. classify分类。根据句中“the distinction between “person praise”
and “process praise””可知，要识别“个人表扬”和“过程表扬”的差别。故选A项。
14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：个人赞美只是说某人有多重要。A. annoying恼人的；B. disturbing令人
不安的；C. great伟大的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据句中“Person praise”可推知，对个人的赞美就是说某
人重要。故选D项。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：过程表扬是对一个人刚刚付出的努力的肯定。A. completion完成；B.
objective目标；C. consequence结果；D. acknowledgement承认。根据句中“Process praise”和“the efforts”
可知，过程表扬是承认努力，肯定努力。故选D项。
5.（2023·福建省七地市高中毕业班第一次质量检测）There was a young boy at a beautiful beach digging
sands using his plastic tools. While his other friends were playing the whole time, the little boy spent his day 1
his sandcastle. He even 2 a moat (护城河) using a spoon, a bridge with a 3 ,and walls for his
castle.
After a whole long day, he finished his 4 sandcastle until the waves washed his hard work. Holding
back his tears, the boy didn’t get mad and 5 decided to study the waves that 6 his creation.
The boy was aware of the 7 and saw it a couple of times already. He already knew how to do things
better. He felt no 8 , regret, or fear any more whenever the waves came. He just smiled, 9 his tools
and left. He knew that the tide was beyond his 10 and he couldn’t do anything about it. What he could
do though is how to 11 those situations.
Basically, no matter where you are, the waves of life will always 12 you. What matters most is how
you behave during those moments and what they 13 about yourselves along this 14 called
life. Keep calm while looking at things from different viewpoints because sometimes all it takes for 15
to happen in your life is by looking at things through different lenses!1．A．creating B．picturing C．drawing D．watching
2．A．kept B．made C．crossed D．defended
3．A．bucket B．stone C．rope D．stick
4．A．old B．royal C．dream D．solid
5．A．therefore B．instead C．still D．nevertheless
6．A．supported B．perfected C．copied D．destroyed
7．A．castle B．construction C．sand D．tide
8．A．sorrow B．doubt C．hesitation D．excitement
9．A．held up B．picked up C．searched for D．threw away
10．A．belief B．repair C．control D．awareness
11．A．talk about B．draw upon C．react to D．fight against
12．A．search B．take C．recognize D．find
13．A．know B．teach C．judge D．beat
14．A．distance B．line C．journey D．circle
15．A．changes B．crashes C．events D．attacks
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．C
11．C 12．D 13．B 14．C 15．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了当生活中遇到波浪的时候，可以从不同的角度看问题，生活会发
生变化。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他的其他朋友一直在玩的时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。
A. creating创造；B. picturing想象；C. drawing绘画 ；D. watching观看。根据后文“He even________a
moat (护城河) using a spoon, a bridge with a________,and walls for his castle.”可知，该在其他朋友一直在玩的
时候，小男孩花了一整天的时间建造他的沙堡。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。
A. kept保持；B. made制作；C. crossed穿过；D. defended防御。根据后文的“a moat (护城河) using a
spoon,”可知，他用勺子制造了一条护城河。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至用勺子造了一条护城河，用棍子造了一座桥，还为他的城堡筑了墙。
A. bucket桶；B. stone石头；C. rope绳子；D. stick木棍。根据前文的“a bridge”可知，男孩拥木棍搭建了
一座桥。故选D。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在漫长的一天之后，他完成了他的梦想沙堡，直到海浪冲刷了他的辛勤
工作。A. old老的；B. royal皇室的；C. dream梦想的；D. solid坚硬的。根据后文的“sandcastle”可知，男孩建造的沙堡是他梦想的城堡。故选C。
5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。A. therefore
因此；B. instead相反；C. still仍然；D. nevertheless不过，然而。根据前文“Holding back his tears, the boy
didn’t get mad”可知，设空处与前文构成转折关系，即表示男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他
的创作的海浪。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：男孩忍住眼泪，没有生气，而是决定研究摧毁他的创作的海浪。A.
supported支持；B. perfected使完美；C. copied复制；D. destroyed毁灭。根据前文“until the waves washed
his hard work”可知，男孩研究起了摧毁沙堡的海浪。故选D。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：男孩注意到了潮水，已经见过几次了。A. castle城堡；B. construction建设；
C. sand沙子；D. tide潮汐。根据前文“the boy didn’t get mad and________decided to study the waves
that________his creation.”可知，男孩对海浪产生了兴趣，因此注意到潮汐。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每当海浪来袭，他不再感到悲伤、遗憾或恐惧。A. sorrow悲伤；B. doubt怀
疑；C. hesitation犹豫；D. excitement兴奋。根据后文“He just smiled,________his tools and left.”可知，男孩
对于海浪来袭没有悲伤。故选A。
9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他只是笑了笑，拿起工具就走了。A. held up举起；B. picked up捡起；C.
searched for寻找；D. threw away扔掉。根据后文“left”可知，男孩拿起工具起身了离开。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他知道潮水已超出他的控制范围，对此他无能为力。A. belief信念；B.
repair修理；C. control控制；D. awareness意识。根据前文“He felt no________, regret, or fear any more
whenever the waves came. He just smiled,________his tools and left.”可知，男孩每当海浪来袭，他不再感到悲
伤、遗憾或恐惧，因为他知道海浪是他无法控制的事情。故选C。
11．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他能做的是如何应对这些情况。A. talk about谈论；B. draw upon总结；C.
react to反应；D. fight against反对，对抗。根据后文“those situations”可知，男孩知道自己无法控制海浪，
因此他知道自己能做的是如何来应对这些海浪。故选C。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活中总会有海浪的出现。A. search寻找；B.
take带走；C. recognize认出；D. find找到。根据前文“Basically, no matter where you are,”可知，无论在哪
里，生活的海浪都会发现你即在生活中遇到海浪。故选D。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活的波浪总会找到你。最重要的是你在这些时
刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。A. know知道；B. teach教；C. judge判断；
D. beat拍打。根据前文“how you behave during those moments”可知，此处强调最重要的是你在这些时刻的
表现以及这些波浪教会了你什么。故选B。14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：基本上，无论你在哪里，生活的波浪总会找到你。最重要的是你在这些时
刻的表现，以及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。A. distance距离；B. line线；C. journey旅行；
D. circle循环。根据前文“What matters most is how you behave during those moments and what
they________about yourselves”可知，此处将人生比作旅程，强调的是最重要的是你在这些时刻的表现，以
及它们在这段称为人生的旅程中教会了你什么。故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从不同的角度看问题时要保持冷静，因为有时候你的生活只需要通过不同
的角度看问题就会发生变化！A. changes改变；B. crashes坠毁；C. events事件；D. attacks攻击。根据前文
的“Keep calm while looking at things from different viewpoints”可知，从不同的角度看问题会产生变化。故
选A。
