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►专题 09 完形填空议论文应对策略
讲
考点难点精
【题型特点】
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表见解或提出主张的说理性文章。议论文的目的不仅是客观的
解释事物，还力图说服读者相信并接受某一观点。
不管是在汉语中，还是在英语中，议论文都是由论点（作者的观点，也就是被证明的对象、论据（用
来证明论点的依据，是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法），这三个要素
构成的，这也是一个提出问题——分析问题——解决问题的过程。因此，典型的议论文一般就由序论（提
出问题，即what）、本论（分析问题，即why）和结论（解决问题，即how）三个部分构成。
议论文有自己的语言个性，它不同于记叙文的生动形象，也不同于说明文的简明易懂。议论是对具体
事物、事理作出的理论上分析与阐述，因此，它的语言自然客观的、抽象的、概括的。同时，它的语言也
很准确，合乎逻辑。文中会较多地使用，诸如 since（既然），now that（既然），therefore（因而），in
that case（在那种情况下），so（所以），It follows that…（因而…），If…，we may conclude that …（如
果……，我们可以这样下结论……），Should it be the case （如果是这样的话……），Idon’t want
to…,but…（我并不想……），It is true that…,but…（诚然……但是……）,Even if …（即使……）等有辩论
和推理含义的连接和过渡词语与结构，以增强语言的准确性和逻辑性。此外，作者的写作态度一般也较诚
恳，在文章中通常使用的是与读者平等交流的语气，不会给人以居高临下、以势居人、逼人接受的感觉，
在遣词造句方面多使用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和can, may, might, could, would, should等情态动词。
【应试策略】
1. 通览
把握作者的观点和态度。议论文往往体现作者对某一事物的观点，而作者的观点就是文章的论点。考生要
把握作者的观点，把握作者对某一事物是褒还是贬，是赞成还是反对，而通常把握了作者的观点也就找准
了文章的论点。
把握文章的开头，总结文章的结尾。议论文的篇首或结尾出现话题中心，通过首段或末段把握文章的主题。
2. 试填
注意段与段之间的逻辑。议论文往往围绕某一个论点用不同的论据加以佐证，往往每一段就是一个论据，
而论据和论据之间又相互联系、互为补充，每一段往往就是其中一个角度或侧面。3. 复核
通读全文，检验每条论据是否都合情合理，都能强而有力地支撑论点。
_____
练
优选真题演
【上海市控江中学2022-2023学年学高三上学期9月月考】
No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling. Yet that is what is happening to makers
of video games. For years parents have casually complained that their offspring are “addicted” to their smartphones.
Today, ____21____, ever more doctors have using the term literally.
On January 1st “gaming disorder” — in which games are played ____22____, despite causing harm — gains
recognition from the Worth Health Organization. A few months ago China, the world's biggest gaming market,
announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day. Western politicians worry publicly about some
games' similarity to gambling. Clinics are sprouting around the world, promising to cure patients of their habit.
Are games really addictive? Psychologists are ____23____. The case for the defence is that this is just another
moral panic. Killjoys in the past issued ____24____ serious warnings about television, rock 'n' roll, jazz, comic books,
and even novels. As the newest form of mass media, gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks before it
eventually ceases to be controversial. Furthermore, defenders argue, the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are
too ____25____. Obsessive gaming, they suggest, is as likely to be a symptom (of depression, say) as a disorder in its
own right.
The prosecution refutes that, unlike rock bands or novelists, games developers have both the motive and the means
to engineer their products to make them ____26____. The motive arises from a business-model shift. Many use a "free-
mium" model, in which the game is free and money is made from purchases of in-game goods. That ____27____
playtime directly to profits. The means is a combination of psychological theory and data that helps games-makers
____28____ that playtime. Psychologists already know quite a lot about the sorts of things that animals, including
humans, find rewarding. Smartphones use their permanent internet connections to send gameplay data back to
developers. That allows products to be constantly fine-tuned to ____29____ spending.
While psychologists argue about the finer points of what exactly counts as addiction, the industry should recognize
that, in the real world, it has a problem. Clinics are already reporting booming business, as lock-downs have given
gamers more time to spend with their hobby. The regulatory climate for tech is getting ____30____. And being
associated in the public mind, fairly or not, with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any favours.It would be wise to get ahead of the discussion. A good place to start would be with hard data. Many of the studies
supporting the opinion that games are addictive in a ____31____ sense are not clear: they rely on self-reported
symptoms, contested diagnostic criteria, and so on. Even basic questions about the amount of time and money spent by
users are hard to answer. The industry has an abundance of ____32____ that could help. But gaming firms mostly keep
details of how gamers behave ____33____, citing commercial sensitivity.
In the long run, that will prove unwise. Gaming firms should make more of their data available to researchers. If
— as seems likely — worries about addictiveness are ____34____, it is hard to think of a clearer way of showing it.
And if not, it is better for firms to recognize the problem now and do something about it ____35____. The alternative is
that regulators will force them to act. And once a government is seized by a fit of moral panic, it can lash out.
21. A. however B. therefore C. still D. instead
22. A. superbly B. compulsively C. brilliantly D. proportionately
23. A. split B. determined C. diversified D. misunderstood
24. A. directly B. jointly C. similarly D. formally
25. A. loose B. objective C. basic D. strict
26. A. valuable B. marketable C. accessible D. irresistible
27. A. applies B. ties C. adds D. draws
28. A. control B. reduce C. maximize D. restrict
29. A. cut B. boost C. finance D. balance
30. A. milder B. damper C. gentler D. chillier
31. A. broad B. legal C. technical D. medical
32. A. data B. time C. wealth D. leisure
33. A. open B. secret C. independent D. reliable
34. A. overblown B. shared C. eased D. dismissed
35. A. reluctantly B. thoroughly C. voluntarily D. adequately
_____
测
名校好题必
【2022-2023学年上海市复旦附中高三上学期10月阶段评估英语试卷】
One of the supposed benefits of being in a long-term relationship is the guarantee that those involved will not be
forced to spend time alone.Advocates of marriage argue that living as a couple or as a family helps to prevent situations of loneliness and
isolation, which can ___21___ lead to anxiety, depression, and other health problems, especially in old age.
This psychological course, however, is in ___22___ with many spiritual leaders, philosophers, and artists who
praise the advantages of spending time alone. ___23___, some of the most celebrated thinkers and creators -- from
Wordsworth (1770-1850, English poet) to Einstein and others - praised the value of spending time away from others.
What if, instead of focusing on the disadvantages of being lonely and by oneself, the focus was ___24___ the
benefits of solitude?
Solitude, like loneliness, implies spending time alone. Yet, in direct contrast to loneliness, solitude can often be a
positive state of being that should be ___25___ rather than avoided.
Instead of focusing on the negative experiences of being alone, the study of solitude as a ___26___ reveals that a
different approach to this reality can promote freedom, creativity, intimacy, spirituality, and therefore happiness.
___27___, solitude brings rewards to those who value it. Singles, then, particularly singles who appreciate the
value of spending time alone, can benefit greatly from the relationship circumstances that facilitate solitude that would
be more elusive (不常见的) for individuals living with their partners.
In fact, boosting the happiness that singles can gain from solitude is the idea that those who are single, or plainly
single at heart, are more likely to enjoy and benefit from solitude. Single at heart ___28___ a type of individual whose
personality and nature mean that they live the happiest, fullest, and most authentic lives when they are not in
relationships. People who are single at heart thrive the most from solitude and self-sufficiency and are also more likely
to reap ___29___ rewards from spending time by themselves.
Some studies even point out how being single and ____30____ can be beneficial. For example, in ____31____
psychological resources available to married and never-married adults, an analysis indicates no significant differences
in mental health between the study groups.
____32____, the study suggests that never-married individuals achieve a higher level of personal mastery than
their married counterparts, particularly those above the age of forty. ____33____, those who had never married had
clearer personal visions and goals, exhibited higher levels of patience, and were more prepared to view reality
____34____.
There is even evidence to suggest that singles, who are more accustomed to benefiting from time spent alone, are
capable of being their own sources of comfort and security, though further research is required in order to establish the
____35____ behind this phenomenon.
21. A. in turn B. for sure C. at least D. by accident
22. A. agreement B. conflict C. contact D. negotiation23. A. Hopefully B. Roughly C. Historically D. Spiritually
24. A. committed to B. attributed to C. attached to D. shifted to
25. A. tackled B. sought C. assumed D. deposited
26. A. subject B. discipline C. practice D. concept
27. A. Anyway B. Likewise C. Yet D. Indeed
28. A. refers to B. approves of C. accounts for D. figures out
29. A. physiological B. emotional C. economic D. physical
30. A. self-defensive B. self-aware C. self-evident D. self-sufficient
31. A. comparing B. exploiting C. distributing D. conserving
32. A. Nevertheless B. Moreover C. Thus D. Otherwise
33. A. Above all B. Better still C. In other words D. On the other hand
34. A. sensitively B. keenly C. deliberately D. objectively
35. A. remedies B. mechanisms C. relations D. secrets
【上海奉贤区2022学年第一学期高三英语学科期中试卷】
According to a survey conducted by wenjuan.com for the China Youth Daily, 71.0 percent of the 1,538 people
polled said they watched short videos on a____41____basis. 61.8 percent believed that long-term viewing of short
videos could interfere with their normal social interactions; and 65.2 percent suggested that video platforms step up in
issuing regular____42____so that users could take a break.
This appeal for external aids to help____43____ the addictive habit hints at the crushing hold short videos have on
the shiftless majority— many of them are not utterly ____44____ self-control in other circumstances.
Another recent survey of juveniles found 65.6 percent of them have watched short videos, and 20 percent of them
just couldn’t stop watching.
For as you click on those seemingly____45____videos, your life will be thrown into a mindless spiral (螺旋)as we
eagerly move from one piece to the next, each lasting 20 to 30 seconds, and are shocked, amused, and outraged in
rapid____46____.
You never have a chance to get____47____, for you are always curious about what the next piece would be
like,____48____more. All that is needed is a slight twitching (抽动) of one of your fingers.
Respondents do believe some videos could be useful by teaching you how to cook， how to apply make-up,
practice wellness, or buy things. There was even an alleged (声称但未经证实的) telecom fraudster publicizinghis____49____and daring the police to catch him in Dubai, according to him.
It is shocking to realize that a published video itself would have ____50____ acquired a degree of authenticity and
enough to prevent all intentions and the need for checking, even____51____ such basic facts as authorship.
So it is natural that 36.7 percent of the respondents in the wenjuan.com survey cited the issue of false and
misleading content in short videos as an issue, and relevant authorities should have stepped in long ago
to____52____it.
Yes, juvenile-only modes have been____53____for some time, but it is so easy for children to avoid
this.____54____ , there is an equal need for a mechanism to prevent adults from becoming addicted, notably by
limiting the lime they are allowed to view the videos. Thus, when 37.0 percent of the respondents said that, as far as
viewing habits are concerned, parents should be a role model to prevent the imitation of juveniles. Maybe all parents
should____55____their mobile phones for a moment of self-reflection.
41. A. regular B. personal C. social D. satisfied
42. A. signals B. innovation C. alerts D. clues
43. A. kick B. develop C. foster D. deprive
44. A. with B. under C. through D. without
45. A. attractive B. unharmful C. meaningful D. popular
46. A. speed B. succession C. transition D. movement
47. A. thrilled B. horrified C. bored D. delighted
48. A. expecting B. growing C. addicting D. foreseeing
49. A. competence B. identification C. enthusiasm D. willingness
50. A. automatically B. consciously C. insanely D. likely
51. A. ignoring B. predicting C. meditating D. regarding
52. A. represent B. address C. interfere D. stress
53. A. on schedule B. out of order C. in place D. in need
54. A. In fact B. For example C. Therefore D. Instead
55. A. focus on B. live without C. give way to D. put aside
