文档内容
专题 16 完形填空之句间+语篇层次题 3 大技巧解密
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点一 完形填空
【高考解密】
命题点01 句间层次题
命题点02 语篇层次题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 完形填空5大易错点
05创新好题·分层练主题 考查类型
名词 介词
试卷 年份 体裁 (短语) 形容词 副
语境 内容 (短 (短
动词 (短语) 词
语) 语)
人与
全国乙卷 2023 记叙文 完善自我 12 3 5 1 0
自我
人与
全国甲卷 2023 记叙文 人际交往 8 4 7 0 1
社会
新高考Ⅰ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 6 7 2 0 0
卷 社会
新高考Ⅱ 人与
2023 记叙文 人际关系 7 3 4 1 0
卷 社会
人与
2022 说明文 人际关系 7 7 4 2 0
社会
人与
2021 夹叙夹议 人际交往 10 7 1 2 0
全国卷Ⅰ/ 社会
全国乙卷 人与
2020 夹叙夹议 完善自我 6 8 3 2 1
自我
人与
2019 记叙文 环境保护 8 7 4 1 0
自然
人与
全国卷Ⅱ/ 2022 记叙文 人际交往 8 7 1 3 1
社会
全国甲卷
2021 记叙文 人与 完善自我 10 5 4 1 0自我
人与
2020 记叙文 文化遗产 11 4 3 2 0
社会
人与
2019 记叙文 人际关系 9 5 3 2 1
社会
人与
2020 记叙文 社会关系 8 3 6 1 2
社会
全国卷Ⅲ
人与
2019 夹叙夹议 人与环境 9 4 5 2 0
自然
命题点 01 句间层次题
典例01
【典例9】 (2020·全国卷Ⅲ)
I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep __47__．
47．A.fighting B．smiling
C．Waiting D．changing
典例02
【典例10】 (2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
...and __55__ opening the door and taking the opportunity, they just 56.stare__at it and
wonder，“What if it isn’t a door？”
55．A.by comparison with B．in addition to
C．regardless of D．instead of
典例03
(2020全国Ⅱ卷·47) When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily, he ________ the paintings with him. He
hung them above the same table he had moved from Turin.
A. held B. left C. registered D. brought命题点02 语篇层次题
典例01
(2021·浙江1月卷)
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8－day __42__．We had to 43.carry
everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.It may not seem like a 44.long way
but in 35 ℃ heat and with a heavy pack，my legs were on fire.
…
53．Needless__to__say，I suffered a lot.But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there
and I 54.survived．I think I am much 55.stronger__ for having taken part in the project.
42．A.tour B．project
C．campaign D．course
典例02
(2021·全国乙卷)
Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations.I was considering this while
working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago.And it came to me then how much easier it would be if
we had a range of words that express different 42.grades of gratitude (感谢)．
My thoughts were soon __43__．We had a woman patient who was 44.recovering from a knee
replacement operation.One afternoon, while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from
what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous, 47.requiring the
emergency medical team and good teamwork.But she recovered, though 48.slowly,__and was ready
for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
43．A.brushed aside B．put to the test
C．brought under discussion D．taken into account
句内层次题的解题信息分布在本句内，在读懂文意的前提下，利用本句的一些信息凭借语感
即可顺利选出答案。句组层次题是比句内层次题稍难一级的题目，其解题信息分布在空格前
后的一组意群之中，解题时需“瞻前顾后”，“综合意群信息”解答。即本句信息不足填，空格前后再找信息源。
技巧1 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发
展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而
做出正确的选择。
1.【2022·新高考I】My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten
years.
Some of our ___21___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.
21. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
2.【2022·新高考I】 I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He
was ___24___, and his crying let the whole campground know it.
24. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
3.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them,
this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,
stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.
21．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time
4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Throughout their no-cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water
plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
25．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s
like staying at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
29．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention
技巧2 根据行文逻辑
行文逻辑行文逻辑
答题时，要树立起语篇概念，理清其结构布局， 明辨句子之间以及段落之间的关系，利用句与句、句群
与句群之间的逻辑关系解题。句子之间的逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系(连接词有and，while等)；转折关
系(连接词有but，however，whereas，nevertheless等)；因果关系(连接词有so，therefore，thus，because,
for，since，as等)；让步关系(连接词或短语有though，although，despite, in spite of等)；条件关系(连接词
或短语有if，unless, once，provided that，in case of等)；解释关系(连接词或短语有i.e.，that is to say, in
other words等)；顺序关系(连接词有before，after，and，first，second，then，next, finally等)。【2022·新高考I卷】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we headed off,
but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly ___28___ our peaceful morning trip. 28. A.
arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
2.【2022·全国甲卷】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was
thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack
___ 4 6___ , the cat. 46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D.
Tilly
was so 20 and like-minded that it was very 21 to feel at home.
20．A．confident B．friendly C．energetic D．curious
21．A．funny B．good C．lucky D．easy
A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 ,
the number of snakes had declined as well.
25．A．Besides B．However C．Therefore D．Otherwise
技巧3 根据 利用情感态度解题
在快速阅读文章的过程中，仔细找出能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的重要词汇,它们往往是名词、形容词、
副词或动词。这些词汇通常是解题时重要的参照线索,可以帮助考生快速确定某些题目的正确答案。
【真题典例】（2021年浙江卷1月） My job was to 45.build a stairway out of rock. This 46. meant climbing
up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息)by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,
never 47.seen.
Three days later,a beautiful stairway came into being. The 48 of knowing that my 49.work will be on that
mountainside for years to come is massive.
48.A.satisfaction B.ambition C.expectation D.intention
考向01 句间层次题
（2023 年四川省成都七中高三检测试题）People may misunderstand what they used to be familiar with. I
remember a 41 professor, invited to our school, taught stress management principles in a school hall
42 . filled with students.
41．A．physics B．chemistry C．literature D．psychology
2.（2023年福建莆田一中模拟测试） I said to my assistant. The ____42____ colleague contacted my wife,Beth, and she drove me straight to hospital.
42．A．curious B．reserved C．casual D．concerned
3.（2023年广东省4地区高三联考）Johnny ___ 4 5___ walked into the hut and sank onto the muddy brown
sofa. “Are you okay, dear?” His grandma asked.
45．A．unhappily B．unbelievably C．unexpectedly D．unconsciously
考向02 语篇层次题
1. (2019全国Ⅱ卷·45) Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that _______ dog. So, four days later,
he called his friend Greg, and the two drove back…
....A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one advertised as lost in the local paper.
A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued
2. (2021·八省市联考)
The moment I said it the assistant 47.shouted from behind.“How dare do you say that! Who are
you to take us down, eh？”
I admit I was too __48__ at that moment and the uncle standing beside me was giving me an __49__
look.
From that day on, I 50.completely stopped joking about anyone’s profession and works...
48．A.angry B．proud
C．scared D．curious
49．A.anxious B．appealing
C．encouraging D．awkward
完形填空5大易错点
高考是选拔性考试，试题有难度梯度。因此，完形填空中总会有两三道较难题目成为考生取
得优异成绩的“拦路虎”。导致这些题目失分的原因主要有以下几点：①解题信息比较隐蔽；
②干扰项迷惑性较强；③情感态度较难把握；④惯性思维所致。针对这些题目，考生除了需
要具备扎实的语言功底外，还应谨慎小心应对。本讲总结了解答完形填空的五大易错点，旨在让考生遇到此类题目时不要急于求成，要三思而后判。
语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇，这
就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想、意图或主人公的心理，然后进行
准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，一定要坚持这样一个原则——不
急于解答，读完全文后综合考虑再做判定。
【典例1】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
My life as a tax－paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I
worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 41.made little
bunny (兔子) cakes for all its 42.stores throughout Cleveland.It happened that the plant downtown
needed eight kids for __43__ help during our spring break，for which I had no 44.plans beyond
listening to my favorite records.
43．A.generous B．financial
C．technical D．temporary
完形填空题选项中经常会出现一些形近词(组)或义近词(组)让考生辨析，因为形式相近或意义
相近，无形中增加了难度，如果考生掌握得不好或不着眼于语篇的意义便很容易选错。
【典例2】 (2021·全国甲卷)
“I have 55.matured and I admit responsibility for my 56.actions，” he said in the letter.“I come
to you, __57__， to apologize for the damage I had 58.indirectly caused and to ask you to
59.reconsider my lifetime ban from the hotel.”
57．A.hands in pockets B．nose in the air
C．hat in hand D．feet on the ground
在完形填空题的设题上，命题者往往还将一些考生平常容易忽视的词汇设置成选项，从而造
成考生错选。对于这些词汇，考生在平时必须高度重视，背熟记熟。【典例3】 (2021·天津3月卷)
“It’s a really great 33.experience for kids，” said a neighbor in an interview with the local
newspaper.“Pruitt is certainly providing a 34.service,__but it’s not just the bikes.It’s the
relationships in the community.It’s the __35__ he can make on people.”
35．A.compromise B．impression
C．impact D．progress
在最近几年的高考完形填空中，对于一词多义或熟词生义的考查屡见不鲜，这往往也是考生
容易忽视的地方。很多考生由于不懂这些熟词的“新义”而出现思维堵塞，造成了不应有的
失分。下面我们选取具有代表性的试题加以分析，以帮助考生熟悉其命题特点，从而跳出命
题人设置的词汇“陷阱”。
【典例4】 (2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)
Our __48__ in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply
icing eyes and nose.
49．Remove bunny from the belt.
48．A.joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices
【典例5】 (浙江6月卷)
One day I 46.met a former classmate of mine who was 47.making a lot of money running a sideline
(副业)．Since his regular job was 48.boring,__I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full－
time.He said without the job, he would __49__ have too much time and would just do what I did
back in 50.college．He said that if he 51.quit the job, he would lose his 52.drive to work and
succeed.
49．A.luckily B．hardly
C．hopefully D．simply
在英语学习中，由于种种原因，如考生的母语、知识面、思维习惯等都有可能令考生产生一
些思维定式，即不善于思考，考虑问题不全面，导致误解一些题目，从而抑制思维能力的发展。完形填空解题中因惯性思维而失分常有以下两种情况：
(1)学习单词时受到的思维定式影响
有些考生学习英语单词过于简单化，只记忆中文意思，而不深刻理解实际用法和英汉用法之
间的细微差异。例如：表示“成功做某事”，不可以用succeed to do sth来表达。
(2)学习词组或习惯用语时受到的思维定式影响
例如：学习了wait for这个词组以后，有的考生在做题过程中只要碰到wait，后面要接介词时
就毫不犹豫地选择for。但在“He stopped his car to wait at the red light.”中就不用for。
【典例6】 (2021·天津3月卷)
For Pruitt, a keen bicyclist, the first thing to do was __19__ his stolen bike.But when he went
bike shopping, he found few available, which got him thinking：What if the 20.lack of bikes was
COVID－19 related, and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21.transportation to
get to work?
19．A.ride B．lock
C．repair D．replace
（2024上·甘肃·高三统考期末）I found a wonderful picture of Maolan karst cones online and presented it to
the innkeeper. “You can’t go there,” the innkeeper 1 me. “The viewing platform has been closed due to 2
that too many visitors could cause geological damage.”
Despite our disappointment, we 3 an alternative: a seven-hour hike through the “funnel forest”.
Initially, we were 4 to run the risk. However, I had 5 the tourism motto in the nature reserve: “If
you don’t do it now, you won’t do it in your lifetime.” Three of our group 6 decided to venture into the
forest. The innkeeper responded with a knowing 7 : “Great. Bear Grylls went there.”
The next morning, we set off with a local 8 . Rain came and went three times, and before I actually
9 to climb over the first mountain, I had already got wet to the skin. I was a walking 10 of mud and
water.
Our guide, in his 50s, behaved like a botanist, introducing the locally specific plants to us, but I was hardly in
the 11 . Every step sank into the muddy, sucking ground. Every log or rock in front of us was a physical12 . “One can never reach those places without strong willpower,” I murmured, reciting that millennium-old
13 , over and over again.
Sinkholes and entrances to underground rivers kept popping up along our 14 . Thinking of them
leading to an unknown world, I began to 15 the road that I can control even more.
Wandering in a green chaos without any obvious landmarks is also breathtaking.
1．A．answered B．told C．followed D．favored
2．A．news B．matters C．concerns D．conclusions
3．A．worked out B．took in C．set down D．ruled out
4．A．unwilling B．surprised C．calm D．inspired
5．A．forgotten B．promoted C．interpreted D．noticed
6．A．shortly B．lately C．eventually D．suddenly
7．A．taste B．tone C．smile D．sigh
8．A．botanist B．keeper C．farmer D．guide
9．A．managed B．decided C．planned D．agreed
10．A．visitor B．mixture C．log D．stranger
11．A．eagerness B．mood C．humor D．pity
12．A．contact B．energy C．activity D．challenge
13．A．prediction B．line C．deal D．secret
14．A．route B．landmark C．platform D．rock
15．A．guarantee B．ignore C．doubt D．appreciate
（2023上·河北保定·高三保定市第三中学校联考期末）“Hi! Ms Brooks!” It was Sunday morning, my
daughter and I were visiting a model home when I heard a(n) 16 voice. Standing in the yard was a boy.
“Evans! What are you doing here?” I cried, feeling surprised and a little annoyed. “I’m helping my father grow
flowers,” he answered 17 . Looking at his happy appearance, I stood there, 18 .
Then my daughter pulled me away, but Evans stayed on my mind for the rest of the weekend. Evans was a
19 . He was very fond of plants and animals. 20 he struggled with his reading, he never once
complained.
Evans’s grades showed no sign of 21 despite his determination. So I sometimes 22
whether he would be able to pass the exams. It was not until we studied the life cycle of plants together that I
changed my 23 . Evans behaved attentively. I had never seen him so 24 in the classroom.
In a class project, I 25 a task to each student. That was planting a sunflower seed in one container.Sowing the seeds was 26 for many of the students, but the growing part was much less so. Except
Evans, they all lost interest and forgot to 27 their sunflowers-to-be. Every afternoon, he 28
the plants in his container. Some time later, few seeds successfully fully sprouted (发芽) because of too dry soil, but
the 29 in his container were about four inches tall. At that moment, I saw that special seed planted
inside him. And one day, he would 30 just as his sunflower.
16．A．impolite B．uncivilized C．familiar D．female
17．A．mournfully B．awkwardly C．vaguely D．proudly
18．A．warm-hearted B．open-mouthed C．easy-going D．hard-working
19．A．gardener B．volunteer C．pioneer D．racer
20．A．In case B．Even though C．For fear that D．As long as
21．A．improvement B．confusion C．judgment D．intention
22．A．inquired B．proposed C．decided D．doubted
23．A．determination B．lifestyle C．hobby D．tune
24．A．tired B．devoted C．casual D．independent
25．A．advised B．admitted C．assigned D．asked
26．A．strange B．difficult C．important D．exciting
27．A．pack up B．care for C．move away D．show off
28．A．irrigated B．cleaned C．filled D．polished
29．A．fruits B．flowers C．shoots D．roots
30．A．appear B．fade C．shine D．adjust
（2023 上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·高三校联考期末）For 35 years, Floyd Martin has delivered the mail to
residents in Marietta, Georgia. On the day of his 31 , the entire community 32 to honor this 33
mailman.
Martin became a postal worker with the United States Postal Service shortly after he graduated from high
school and made many friends over the years. A little girl named Mae 34 the story of how she dressed like
Martin for Career Day at school. “I was so honored,” the mailman said. “It 35 my heart.” Mae is one of the
many kids in the 36 that love to see the mailman. That’s because Martin often gives kids candies. And it’s
not just the children who get 37 . He also gives snacks to cats and dogs he comes across, too.
38 the packages he delivers and the treats he gives, Martin provides the neighborhood with something
more 39 : kindness. Some neighbor s 40 their mailboxes with flowers, balloons and signs, and thecelebration continued when his final day of work ended.
More than 300 neighbors attended the neighborhood party honoring Martin. Several stood up and said kind
words to honor him. Then, Martin rose to thank the neighborhood. “Thank you for 41 me. We’ve gone
through good times and bad times together.” He said 42 he had lost his parents and many of his friends, he
knows he still has friends in the Mariett a neighborhood. “You are all here,” he said. “You were there when I 43
you, although you didn’t know it.”
Martin doesn’t have any children of his own. 44 , he knows that even in retirement, he can return to
this neighborhood and see the hundreds of kids and friends who love him. “I love you guys. I say that. I mean it,”
he said. “And that’s what the world needs more of now love, caring and 45 and taking care of one
another.”
31．A．retirement B．presentation C．election D．promotion
32．A．broke down B．showed up C．dropped out D．cut in
33．A．skilled B．ambitious C．strict D．beloved
34．A．made B．adapted C．shared D．shortened
35．A．touched B．followed C．disturbed D．attacked
36．A．office B．park C．supermarket D．neighborhood
37．A．tasks B．allowances C．treats D．suggestions
38．A．Regardless of B．Aside from C．Far from D．In case of
39．A．invisible B．abstract C．complex D．meaningful
40．A．decorated B．painted C．designed D．covered
41．A．putting up withB．calling for C．caring about D．living up to
42．A．even though B．unless C．until D．supposing that
43．A．suspected B．described C．criticized D．needed
44．A．Otherwise B．Furthermore C．However D．Besides
45．A．hatred B．sympathy C．complaint D．annoyance
