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专题 09 词义猜测题
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 词义猜测题
【高考解密】
命题点01 单词或短语猜测
命题点02 代词或名词指代猜测
命题点03 句子意义猜测
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 词义猜测题易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练考点 考查内容 高考考题设问
核心价值：
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷】C29.What does the
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智 underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】C30.What do the
主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功
underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
能。
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B24．What do the
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。
underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean
在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读
细 in the first paragraph?
题选取运动促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名
节 残疾学生积极参加跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材 【2023年1月·浙江卷】C 29．What does the
料旨在引导学生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在 underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer
理 美育融入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取一 to?
位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读题选取介
解 【2023·全国甲卷】B24.Which is closest in
绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇旨在引
导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情 meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
题
趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包
【2023·全国乙卷】D34.What does the
含了山区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工
underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3
作场景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生
refer to?
活中培养劳动精神。
【2022·新高考I卷】What do the underlined
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核
words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手
机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活 【2022·全国高考乙卷】29. What does
的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性 “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】24．What do the
培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高
underlined words “hit home for me” mean in
科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的
儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与 paragraph 2?
研究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项
【2022·全国甲卷】28. Which of the following
目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导
best explains “take the plunge” underlined in
友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。
paragraph 2?
学科素养：
【2021·英语全国甲卷】29. What do the
1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社 underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably
会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能 mean?
力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对
【2021年新高考I卷】C篇29. What does the
五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作
underlined word “decimate” mean in the first
用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文
paragraph?
化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德
树人，彰显德育本色 。 【2021年全国乙卷】B25. What does the
underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试
题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知 【2021年新高考II卷】B篇25. What do the
识的运用以及基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高 underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in
考英语试题注重考查学生的思维品质、创新能力以 paragraph 3?
及解决实际问题的能力。
命题点01单词或短语猜测
典例01
【2023年新高考I卷C篇】
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【答案】A
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities
for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online
activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选
的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
典例02
【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
【答案】 29．C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes
sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds
of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的
参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed
out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的
意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
典例03
【2023年全国甲卷】
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
......
Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer.
【答案】C【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together
furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别
人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人
员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
命题点02 代词或名词指代猜测
典例01
【2023·全国乙卷D篇】
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts,but the objects.
34.What does the underlined word “conversation” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记
录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
34.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前“…all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a
dialogue.”可知,我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的,只是单方面的,不是历史的全部真相;根据画线词所在
句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.”可知,如
果我们想找到那个“conversation”的另一半,我们不仅需要读文本,还需要读物品。由此可推知,画线词指的是
“历史”,故选B项。
典例02
【2020年新高考I卷C篇】
In the mid1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost
Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,
where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American
travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24yearold who
picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid
workers.
29．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【答案】D
【解析】指代判断题。上文提到了Bissell(比塞尔)写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，然后画线词所在句提到
他的访问最终涉及的事远不止这个，因而才有了 Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in
Central Asia这本书。由此可知，画线词that指的是“写有关咸海的文章”。故选D。
命题点03 句子意义猜测
典例01
【2021年全国甲卷C篇】
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe ！ ” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
9．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean?
A．Be careful! B．Well done!
C．No way! D．Don't worry!
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才
是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家。)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因
此他的朋友大声欢呼。由此可推知，画线词指“落地技巧完美，干得漂亮”。故选B。一、单词或短语猜测
1. 根据定义推测词义：
有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in
other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。
2. 根据举例推测词义：
有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词 such
as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。
3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：
表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary,
in contrast to等。
4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义：
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的
词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。
5. 根据构词法推测词义：
英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有
助于猜测词义。
6. 根据因果关系推测词义：
因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so,
thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason,
accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的
含义。
二、代词或名词指代猜测
定关键：返回原文，找到指代词，理清句子结构。
找替代：根据上下文，寻找复合逻辑关系的名词、代词、短语或句子等。
再核对：比较选项，找出与符合逻辑的选项。一般来说，it/this/that指代一件事；
it/he/them/they/one/those指代上文提到的人或事。
三、句子意义猜测
一定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷
二分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意
三归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项
考向01-单词或短语猜测
1.【山东省烟台市、德州市高三一模】As the new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting
whizzes and bangs to light up the sky. The appeal of fireworks could fizzle out with the growing use of drones (无
人机) for light shows, though.
Ollie Howitt, a leader of SkyMagic, which used a team of 300 drones to create a display for London’s new
year celebration last year, said demand had increased substantially. “We do think it’s going to be something that’s
ever catching on, as opposed to it being a short-lived sort of fashion people have suddenly got interested in. Drones
are reusable and there’s no fallout. In that sense they’re a very good, sustainable option,” she said.
But not everyone agrees. A spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose
environmental problems. “Suggestions are that drones have less of an impact on the environment, but we have
serious concerns about electrical demand and use of lithium batteries which are known not to be all that ‘green’,”
they said.
...
8．What does the underlined phrase “fizzle out” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Catch on. B．Wind up.
C．Create an impact. D．Make a comeback.
【答案】8．B
【解析】词句猜测题。结合常识和第一段“The appeal of fireworks could fizzle out with the growing use of
drones (无人机) for light shows, though.(不过，随着无人机越来越多地用于灯光表演，烟花的吸引力可能会
fizzle out)”中“fireworks”和“the growing use of drones”可知，烟花表演与无人机的表演是有共性的，都属
于夜空中的灯光秀，因此，当无人机越来越多地用于灯光表演，烟花表演就减少或被替代，由此推知，划
线短语与Wind up 意思相近，意为“结束”。故选B项。2.【江苏省七市（南通、泰州、扬州、徐州、淮安、连云港、宿迁）高考二模】
Almost everyone has heard the expression, “the calm before the storm”.It is usually used to describe a
peaceful period just before a very stressful situation or a tense argument.
British sailors coined the phrase in the late 1600s; they noted that before certain storms the seas would seem to
become static and the winds would drop.
But why is it often so calm before a storm?
Science has given us the answer. According to US infotainment (资讯娱乐) website How Stuff Works, a calm
period occurs because many storms, such as tornadoes and hurricanes, draw in all the warm and humid air from the
surrounding area. As this air rises into the storm clouds, it cools and acts as “fuel for the storm, like petrol in a car”.
...
28．The underlined word “static” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______.
A．violent B．quiet C．fast-changing D．warm
【答案】28．B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“It is usually used to describe a peaceful period just before a very
stressful situation or a tense argument.(它通常用来描述在一个非常紧张的情况或争论之前的一段平静的时
期)”，以及划线词后的“the winds would drop. But why is it often so calm before a storm?(风力会减弱。但是
为什么暴风雨前总是那么平静呢?)”可知，在某些暴风雨来临之前，海水是静止的。由此可知划线词意为
“静止的”，故选B。
考向02-代词或名词指代猜测
【辽宁省县级重点高中协作体高三下学期一模】
Take the wheel of an electric vehicle and prepare to be amazed. The latest technology is there, with tablet-like
screens instead of old-fashioned switches. Add falling price which makes owning and running many electric
vehicles (short for EV)as cheap as fossil-fuel alternatives, and the open road signals. Above all, the instant
acceleration of battery power makes driving easy and exciting.
EV should be recharged roughly every 250 miles. When you do find a public charging point, it is sometimes
inaccessible, which causes “range anxiety”. It is one of the main reasons drivers give for not buying an EV. Who
might install them? Drivers will need a mix of fast "long distance" chargers installed near motorways and slower
“top-up” chargers available in the car parks of shopping centers, restaurants and so on. Dedicated charging firms
and carmakers are investing in infrastructure. Oil companies are putting chargers in petrol stations and buying
charging companies....
9．What does the underlined words "range anxiety" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The reason for drivers' not buying an EV.
B．The issue of who might install charging points.
C．The doubt of whether drivers can charge free in petrol stations.
D．The worry of drivers' not finding accessible public charging points.
【答案】9．D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“When you do find a public charging point, it is sometimes inaccessible,
which cause “range anxiety”.(当你确实找到了一个公共充电点时，有时候却不能用，这将会导致range
anxiety)”可知，当寻找公共充电点时，有时候找到的充电点却不能用，所以会导致司机们的担心，所以
range anxiety的意思应该是“司机们担心找到不适合的充电点”。故选D。
考向03-句意猜测
1.【河北省高三模拟调研卷（三）】
It was the first day of Spring here but it didn't feel like it. The Coronavirus(冠状病毒) Pandemic was sweeping
the globe and everywhere there were feelings of uncertainty, fear, loneliness and even despair. "Social Distancing"
had become the new norm. Here the schools had been closed, the restaurant dining rooms had been shut, and people
had been told to work from home whenever they could. Even the sheltered workshop where my oldest son worked
had been closed until furl her notice. People had made a run on the stores and large areas of the shelves were bare.
On the news the numbers of sick and dead continued to rise. It felt like there was a weight on the souls of everyone
in the world.
My own family was staying at home as much as possible and as I looked out my window I wondered how long
this crisis would last. It was then, however. that I saw something that lifted that weight off of my soul, made my
face smile, and made my heart feel happy again. On the street below my house there was an old friend of mine from
high school who was a teacher there now. With him was my younger son s former aide from the high school as
well. They were delivering the school lunches door to door to the hungry children who were stuck al home.
Watching them made me think of something everyone's childhood television neighbor. Mr. Roger's once said:“ In
the bad times, always look for the helpers. ”
I have no doubt this crisis will pass as all the crisis before it have. But it is our choice on whether it brings out
the best in us or the worst in us. Let it bring out the best in you. Use it to strengthen your faith. Use it to free
yourself from fear. Use it to grow kinder, more giving, and more loving. Become a helper to all those in need andyou will be a happy person today and in all the days to come.
14．What Mr. Roger said actually means ______.
A．in bad times we should watch mon TV programs
B．school lunches arc not easy to forget for many people
C．we should prepare more lunches for school children
D．people look forward to helping hands in bad times
【答案】D
【解析】句意猜测题。根据文章第二段Roger的这句话 “In the bad times, always look for the helpers.”再结
合上下文，疫情期间，人们相互帮助，可以推测，Roger的这句话意为“在危急的时刻，人们都应该互相
帮助”。故选D。
2. 【四川省乐山市高中第一次调查研究考试】
One of Britain's few typical contributions to world culture may come to an end, according to a survey that
suggests holiday postcards are being emailed and texted into extinction（消亡）. More than half of the 1,000
holiday-makers interviewed said they had decided to send fewer cards, turning instead to their electronic
competitors.
A quarter of the respondents（受访者）dismissed postcards as old-fashioned and slow to arrive. A further
14% admitted that thinking of something to fill the space was too challenging, compared with a call home.
Although officially invented by a Hungarian, Emanuel Herrmann, in 1869, the idea of illustrated cards was taken
up with most enthusiasm in Victorian Britain, joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in
which the country excelled.
...
9．What does the underlined phrase "was taken up with most enthusiasm" in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Gained popularity. B．Took place. C．Came back. D．Went into service.
【答案】9．A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“joining Gothic architecture and landscape gardening as fields in which the
country excelled”（它与哥特式建筑和风景园林一起成为该国的优秀领域。）可知，“the idea of illustrated
cards”（插画概念）成为优秀领域，很受欢迎，推测划线部分was taken up with most enthusiasm表示“很受
欢迎”，与gained popularity同义。故选A项。词义猜测题易错陷阱
【易错点陷阱一】单词或短语猜测
【吉林省长春市第二实验中学2023-2024学年高三试题】A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears
high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves
from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.
What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster.
C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer.
易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的
转折意义是错误主要原因。
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers
interact to cancel out each other’s sound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声
音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，
声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。
【易错点陷阱二】 代词或名词指代猜测
【安徽省皖江名校联盟2023年高三联考】The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution
to the threats facing the African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million
tons of carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to
success. “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because
people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and
Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!”
What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．African Unions. B．All advocates. C．Land owners. D．All Africans.易错分析：本题容易脱离话题，主观臆断。不可烦躁，浮于表面，应严密查找上文语句和词语之间的逻辑
联系。
【答案】D
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital,
and may hold the key to success. (这一倡议是非洲驱动的，对非洲大陆的人来说至关重要，可能是成功的关
键)”以及“ “The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid
because people were never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara
and Sahel Great Green Wall Initiative. “But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!” (“绿色长城……
是关于所有权的问题，而这正是发展援助的失败之处，因为人们从未认同它，”非洲联盟撒哈拉和萨赫勒
绿色长城倡议专员埃尔维斯·保罗·坦加姆说。“但这一次他们认同了。这就是我们的本性！)”可知，此处的
us指“所有的非洲人”。故选D项。
【易错点陷阱三】 句子意义猜测
【浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题】Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green
tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black.
That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself
a partner for life.
......
What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”?
A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby.
C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever.
【答案】C
【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve
experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常
值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter
of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and
even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years
combined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪
道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可
知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。（2023上·黑龙江哈尔滨·高三哈九中校考期中）
Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the day”, or give you advice about
why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast? It seems that this meal, for many of us, is necessary for our
day to start well, but is it really that important?
The word “breakfast” comes from “breaking the fast” — the idea of ending the period in which we didn’t eat
during the night. The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of our natural food
reserves to heal our bodies. Breakfast gives us an opportunity to replenish those depleted (耗尽的) stores of things
like protein and calcium. So, in that way, a healthy breakfast makes sense.
There are also many often-quoted studies which seem to correlate (相关) a state of being overweight with
skipping breakfast. In fact, it leads many health experts to advise a healthy breakfast to not only regulate but also
lose weight. In a US study, 50, 000 people were monitored over seven years, and those who ate a health y breakfast
were found to have a lower BMI (体重指数), which seems to suggest that breakfast may indeed help people
maintain a healthy weight.
But it might not be as simple as that. Some experts, like Alexandra Johnstone, professor of appetite research at
the University of Aberdeen, suggest those who skip breakfast might be less aware of healthy diets and nutrition, and
people who eat breakfast might have a healthier lifestyle overall-exercising and not smoking, for example. And she
also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的) fasting to lose weight, there may also be
some benefits of not eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control and lowering blood pressure.
So, while breakfast has its benefits, it might not be the most important meal. It seems that a healthy lifestyle
with a balanced diet might be more important for many of us than just one single meal.
1．What does the first paragraph serve as?
A．An introduction.B．A background. C．An explanation. D．A comment.
2．What does the underlined word “replenish” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Set aside. B．Deal with. C．Make up for. D．Run out of.
3．What conclusion can we draw from Johnstone’s research?
A．Skipping breakfast may do good to our health.
B．Those who eat breakfast can keep a lower BMIC．Breakfast is the most important meal of the day.
D．Intermittent fasting contributes greatly to weight loss.
4．What does the author suggest we do at the end of the text?
A．Try new lifestyles. B．Be aware of the benefits of each meal.
C．Pay more attention to breakfast. D．Follow a balanced diet.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要解释了breakfast一词的起源以及一顿健康的早餐是有意义的。文章解
释了相关研究表明，更重要的是健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever heard someone say, “breakfast is the most important meal of the
day”, or give you advice about why it’s vital to start the day with a healthy breakfast? It seems that this meal, for
many of us, is necessary for our day to start well, but is it really that important? (你是否听过有人说，“早餐是一
天中最重要的一餐”，或者给你建议为什么以健康的早餐开始新的一天是至关重要的？对于我们中的许多
人来说，这顿饭似乎是我们一天良好开始的必要条件，但它真的那么重要吗？)”可推知，第一段的作用是
引出文章话题。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“The regeneration process that takes place while we sleep consumes some of
our natural food reserves to heal our bodies. (在我们睡觉时进行的再生过程会消耗一些我们的天然食物储备来
治愈我们的身体。)”以及后文“those depleted (耗尽的) stores of things like protein and calcium (那些耗尽的蛋
白质和钙等物质的储存)”可知，早餐让我们有机会补充那些减少的蛋白质和钙等物质。故划线词意思是
“补充、弥补”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“And she also points out that with the rise in popularity of intermittent (间歇性的)
fasting to lose weight, there may also be some benefits of not eating breakfast, like improving blood sugar control
and lowering blood pressure. (她还指出，随着间歇性禁食减肥的流行，不吃早餐也可能有一些好处，比如改
善血糖控制和降低血压。)”可知，Johnstone研究告诉我们不吃早餐也有一些好处。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It seems that a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet might be more important
for many of us than just one single meal. (对我们许多人来说，健康的生活方式和均衡的饮食似乎比一顿饭更
重要。)”可知，作者建议我们应该均衡饮食。故选D。
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）
In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation.
An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a
comeback in recent years.The revival has been encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home,”
says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on
in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon
emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in the
industry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who
helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. “We’ve got net zero targets which mean we’re going to have to
remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to
one-fifth of all industrial water pollution — due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries
where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams,
poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to
natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with
natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over
time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why,
while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers
grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion
systems and beyond.
5．What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．The adoption of petrochemical-based dyes.
B．The challenging net zero targets to be achieved.
C．The fashion industry’s focus on luxurious designs.
D．The disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.
6．The author illustrates “Fashion is a huge polluter” by ______.
A．making a comparison B．giving examples
C．listing numbers D．introducing a new topic
7．What does the underlined phrase “a quiet act of rebellion” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B．An objection to upcycling old clothing.
C．A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry.D．A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing.
8．What would be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．The Environmental Impact of Natural Dyeing
B．Fashion Revolution’s Dye Garden Presentation
C．The Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D．The Petrochemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
【答案】5．D 6．B 7．C 8．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on in quite the same way
if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon emissions to animal
cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. (然而，如果不是因为人们对时尚的沉重足迹不断感到不安，
这种做法不太可能以同样的方式流行起来。从碳排放到虐待动物，时尚都受到了广泛的关注。)”可知，时
尚业也存在碳排放到虐待动物问题，所以人们感到不适是因为时尚产业令人不安的后果。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the
industry is responsible for up to one-fifth of all industrial water pollution — due to the fact that most clothes today
are produced in poorer countries where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped
directly into rivers and streams, poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on
them. (时尚是一个巨大的污染源。根据联合国环境规划署的数据，该行业造成了高达五分之一的工业水污
染，因为目前大多数服装都是在监管薄弱、执法力度更弱的贫穷国家生产的。废水被直接倾倒到河流和溪
流中，毒害了土地以及依赖它们的人和动物的水源。)”可知，这一段利用实际例子来说明时尚是一个巨大
的污染源。故选B。
7．词句猜测题。根据第四段“It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well
as clothes, might turn to natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property
of only bonding with natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has
grayed or faded over time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of
rebellion. (很容易理解为什么一个关心人、地球、动物以及衣服的人会转向天然植物染色。从原料的美丽
（通常是野生植物）到只与棉花和亚麻等天然纤维结合的特性，从随着时间的推移变灰或褪色的旧衣服的
微小足迹到充满活力和持久的染色效果，植物染色感觉就像是a quiet act of rebellion。)”可知，这里是描述
指物染色和化学染色不一样，所以它是对化学染色的反抗，是对可持续发展的维护。a quiet act of rebellion
的意思应该是“为可持续发展而做的斗争”，和选项C意思一致。故选C。8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye garden for its Chelsea
Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has come again, with hand tie-
dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years. (2022年，时尚革命运动组织切尔西染料花园在切尔西花
展上亮相。天然染色是一种古老的工艺，它的时代又来了，近年来手工扎染的时尚也卷土重来。)”可知，
这篇文章主要介绍天然染色工艺的回归，C项“天然染色的回归与伦理诉求”符合文意。故选C。
（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）
Without convenient access to phones or pens for letter-writing, wolves must rely on howls to communicate
over long distances. These howls allow the animals to maintain their territories as well as keep track of other pack
members.
While dogs are descendants (后代) of wolves, some dogs don’t know how to howl at all, whereas others, like
sled dogs, will do so frequently. A new study exposes family dogs to wolf howls to better understand why some of
our canine ( 犬 类 的 ) companions no longer seem to bother with this seemingly important form of dog
communication.
An ELTE scientist Fanni Lehoczki and colleagues put 68 purebred pet dogs to the test by observing their
reactions to recordings of wild wolf howls. According to the results, breeds (品种) which are genetically more
similar to wolves are more likely to reply with their own howls to wolf howl playbacks.
Young dogs, regardless of breed, can give a response to wolf howls, indicating most dogs, no matter the breed,
are capable of howling. But the more closely related an adult dog is to a wolf, the more likely they are to howl back
in response to a wolf howl.
“Interestingly, this genetic effect on howling occurs only among older dogs (greater than five years) , for
which an experience or some age-related personality effect can be a plausible explanation,” says Tamas Farago
also from ELTE.
What’s more, those dogs that responded with howling showed greater stress behaviors, such as mouth licking
or shaking. “This result on the stress behaviors may also confirm our assumption that more ancient breeds, due to
their genetic relatedness, can process the information encoded in wolf howls better,” the researchers write in their
paper.
“Dingoes (澳洲野犬) , which took an evolutionary path away from domestic dogs around 8, 000 years ago,
are known to howl extensively to find each other, just like wolves. This suggests social factors could still play a
larger role in determining canine vocal (发声的) behavior than genetics,” explains Lehoczki.
“Our findings are among the first ones indicating that domestication can change how animals process and reactto other’s vocalizations. This, ultimately, might help us better understand the evolution of vocal communication,”
the researchers conclude.
9．What does the new study mainly want to find out?
A．How wolves communicate over long distances.
B．Why some dogs do not communicate by howling.
C．Whether wolf howls influence dogs’ communication.
D．What is the difference between family dogs and wild ones.
10．What does the underlined word “plausible” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Reasonable. B．Creative. C．Surprising. D．Unbelievable.
11．What does the result on the stress behaviors show?
A．Ancient breeds feel uneasy in the presence of wolves.
B．Ancient breeds understand the meaning of wolf howls.
C．Ancient breeds try to send messages to the howling wolves.
D．Ancient breeds have difficulty communicating with wolves.
12．What do the researchers mainly talk about in the last paragraph?
A．The limitations of the new study. B．The application of the findings.
C．The challenges for further study. D．The significance of the findings.
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是关于为什么有些狗不通过嚎叫来交流的研究。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A new study exposes family dogs to wolf howls to better understand why
some of our canine (犬类的) companions no longer seem to bother with this seemingly important form of dog
communication.(一项新的研究让家里的狗狗听到狼的嚎叫，以便更好地理解为什么我们的一些狗伴侣似乎
不再为这种看似重要的狗狗交流方式而烦恼。)”可知，新的研究主要是为了发现为什么有些狗不通过嚎叫
来交流。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据上文“Interestingly, this genetic effect on howling occurs only among older dogs (greater
than five years)(有趣的是，这种对嚎叫的遗传影响只发生在年龄较大的狗身上(大于5岁))”可知，经验或一
些与年龄相关的性格影响可能是一个合理的解释，由此可知，plausible意为“合理的”，和A项：
Reasonable（合理的）意思一致。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据文章第六段““This result on the stress behaviors may also confirm our assumption that
more ancient breeds, due to their genetic relatedness, can process the information encoded in wolf howls better,”the researchers write in their paper.(研究人员在论文中写道:“对压力行为的研究结果也可能证实我们的假设，
即更古老的品种，由于它们的遗传关系，可以更好地处理嚎叫中编码的信息。”)”可知，古老的品种懂得
狼的嚎叫。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段““Our findings are among the first ones indicating that domestication can
change how animals process and react to other’s vocalizations. This, ultimately, might help us better understand the
evolution of vocal communication,” the researchers conclude.(“我们的发现是第一批表明驯化可以改变动物处
理和对其他动物发声的反应的研究之一。最终，这可能有助于我们更好地理解声音交流的进化，”研究人
员总结道。)”可知，文章最后一段主要表明了研究结果的意义。故选D。
（2023上·江苏·高三马坝高中校考期中）
Some people worry that there’s too much technology in our lives.And they may have a point, given how
countless people now carry the internet around in their pocket and use it as a primary form of communication. It’s
practically difficult to shun technology in our world. There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our
cars, light switches, even our pets! Where will it end?
Well, if certain people have their way, it’ ll go even further. We’ll have microchips implanted(植入) into our
brains that can interact with the computers by thought alone. It may sound like something from the science fiction,
but in many ways, things look quite promising. Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via
computers microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains.
For example, electrodes have been implanted in the brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even
predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause
activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being
looked into for illnesses like depression.
However,it’s another thing to place such devices in healthy individuals. There are the practical concerns,not
least of which is what these chips will be made of. The inside of the brain is a mass of highly reactive chemicals
and electrical activity. Implants would need to be inert(静止的) enough to not upset the delicate processes by their
presence, but also sensitive enough to read and process the activity around them.Current technology has made
impressive progress with this, but if it were to be rolled out to millions of people, we’d need to be 100 per cent
certain that it’s safe.
How many people will actually want to have technology literally put into their brain? A surprising 60 per cent
of Americans say they’d be okay with it, but that’s when it’s purely theoretical. In reality, the possibility of having
strangers stick chips in your brain is likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get madat fictional microchips in vaccines(疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists.
Ultimately, the technology of computer-brain interface(接口) implants is still far away from us.
13．What does the underlined word “shun” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Develop. B．Avoid. C．Change. D．Trust.
14．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 3?
A．The possible treatment for particular diseases.
B．The process of human-computer interaction.
C．The existing application of microchip implants.
D．The future of microchips and devices alike.
15．How may most Americans react to implanting chips in the brain in reality?
A．They may reject it.
B．They may expect it.
C．They may adjust to it.
D．They may feel curious about it.
16．What might be the best title for the text?
A．Computer-brain interface: The light of the future
B．Innovation is necessary to make progress
C．Where are we in the medical technology?
D．Mind-controlled tech: Is it possible?
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．A 16．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了将微芯片植入人类大脑的可能性。
13．词句猜测题。划线词句后文“There are computer microchips(微芯片) in our watches, our cars, light
switches, even our pets! (我们的手表，汽车，电灯开关，甚至我们的宠物里都有电脑芯片！)”说明电脑芯片
在人们日常生活中已经是普遍存在，从而推知划线词句“It’s practically difficult to shun technology in our
world. (在我们的世界里，shun 科技实际上是很困难的。)”其中划线词汇意思是“回避，不用”。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thanks to the ability to send and receive information remotely via computers
microchips and other related devices have long been put into brains. (由于能够通过计算机远程发送和接收信息，
微芯片和其他相关设备早已被植入大脑。)”和第三段“For example, electrodes have been implanted in the
brains of epilepsy patients to better record and even predict the abnormal neurological activity. Similarly, deep-
brain stimulation, through implanted devices that cause activity in key brain regions, is an established treatment for
things like Parkinson’s disease, and is even being looked into for illnesses like depression. (例如，电极已经植入癫痫患者的大脑，以便更好地记录甚至预测异常的神经活动。类似地，通过植入设备引起大脑关键区域活
动的深部脑刺激，是治疗帕金森氏症等疾病的既定方法，甚至正在研究治疗抑郁症等疾病。)”可知，作者
想通过例子说明微芯片植入的现有应用。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“In reality, the possibility of having strangers stick chips in your brain is
likely to prove unattractive, especially for a population where millions get mad at fictional microchips in
vaccines(疫苗), and even more are frightened of dentists. (事实上，让陌生人在你的大脑里植入芯片的可能性
很可能被证明是没有吸引力的，尤其是对于一个数百万人对疫苗中虚构的微芯片感到愤怒的人群，对于害
怕牙医的人群来说更多。)”可知，在现实中，大多数美国人可能会拒绝对在大脑中植入芯片。故选A项。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“How many people will actually want to have technology
literally put into their brain? (有多少人真的想把科技真正地植入他们的大脑？)”可知，本文探讨了将微芯片
植入人类大脑的可能性。D项“大脑控制技术：这可能吗？”符合主题，故选D项。
（2023上·广东广州·高三华南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art.
Or, a side effect of your personality, scientists have found.
So what is it that causes some people to constantly miss trains, make it to the wedding just after the bride’s
shown up and regularly annoy their friends? And why is it so hard for us to fix it? “There are allsorts of
punishments for being late, but we are still late even when those punishments and consequences exist.” said Justin
Kruger, a social psychologist at New York University.
One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that-they fail to accurately judge how long a
task will take—something known as the planning fallacy. Research has shown that people on average
underestimate the tune to complete a task by a significant 40 percent.
Besides, forever-late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers. A 2023 study found that out of 181subway
operators in New York City, those who preferred multitasking were more often late for their job. This is because
multitasking makes it harder to have the awareness of what you’re doing. It’s also discovered there is a personality
type that’s more likely to be late. While highly nervous, achievement-oriented Type A individuals arc more possible
to be punctual, Type B individuals, however, who are calmer and more relaxed, have a higher chance to be late.
Admittedly, knowing all of this doesn’t necessarily help fix the problem. But scientists are starting to work on
strategies that can slowly improve our punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down
an activity into detailed steps can help people estimate how long something will take more accurately. As for your
personality type, unfortunately, there isn’t much you can do to change that. But accepting that you need to strugglefor it may just help. Acceptance, after all, is the first step to change.
17．What does the underlined word “fallacy” mean in paragrqph3?
A．A reasonable argument. B．A mistaken belief.
C．A modest expectation. D．A realistic idea.
18．Which of the following is a feature of forever- late-comers?
A．They tackle more than one task at a time.
B．They plan to spend longer time on a task.
C．They suffer from concentration difficulties.
D．They have high expectations for achic’vcments.
19．What is a possible way to help those who are always late?
A．Learning to accept who you are. B．Changing your personality type.
C．Keeping to the timetable accurately. D．Divide a task into smaller ones.
20．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Late comers should be severely punished.
B．Time management contributes to success.
C．The habit of being late is related to character.
D．Accepting your personality improves punctuality.
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．D 20．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们经常迟到的原因，以及科学家们发现迟到的习惯可能与性格有
关。
17．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“One of the commonest reasons why people are frequently late is that-they fail
to accurately judge how long a task will take”（人们经常迟到的一个最常见的原因是——他们不能准确地判断
一项任务需要多长时间）以及“Research has shown that people on average underestimate the tune to complete a
task by a significant 40 percent.”（研究表明，人们平均低估了完成一项任务所需时间的40%。）由此可知，
此处为这就是所谓的计划谬误。故可猜测划线单词fallacy为“谬论”的意思，结合选项B项A mistaken
belief“错误的信念”意思一致。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Besides, forever-late-comers are more likely to be multitaskers.”（此外，永
远迟到的人更有可能同时处理多项任务。）可知，永远迟到的人的特征可能是一次要处理很多任务，是多
重任务的。BCD选项均与原文实意不符。故选A项。
19．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But scientists are starting to work on strategies that can slowly improve our
punctuality. For people who constantly underestimate tasks, breaking down an activity into detailed steps can helppeople estimate how long something will take more accurately”（但科学家们正开始研究可以慢慢提高我们准
时性的策略。对于那些经常低估任务的人来说，将一项活动分解成详细的步骤可以帮助人们更准确地估计
一件事需要多长时间。）可知，对于那些经常迟到的人，他们可以将任务分成更小的任务，从而更好的估
计任务所花费的时间。故选D项。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Anyone can be late a handful of times, but to be the person who
is always late—that’s an art, a frustrating art. Or, a side effect of your personality, scientists have found.”（任何人
都可能迟到几次，但做一个总是迟到的人，那是一种艺术，一种令人沮丧的艺术。或者，这是你性格的副
作用，科学家们发现。）和后文对迟到的人的特征的分析可知，本文主要介绍了迟到的习惯与性格有关。
故选C项。
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）
The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and other creatures within 100 years if climate
change continues on its current path. Every degree Celsius that the world’s oceans warm, their biomass is expected
to drop five percent, a study found.
The study predicts that if there is no change in the rate of worldwide greenhouse gas production, there will be
a 17-percent loss of biomass by the year 2100. But, if the world reduces carbon pollution, biomass losses could be
limited to only about 5 percent.
Warming temperatures are the biggest issue. But climate change also produces oceans that are more acidic and
have less oxygen. This also harms sea life. Much of the world depends on the oceans for food or work.
The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of animal life are huge. “Climate
change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the human population continues
to grow,” said scientists.
Marine biologist Boris Worm, who helped run the study, added that the “building blocks of marine life—
plankton and bacteria—may decline less heavily.”
“Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply, are predicted to suffer the most,” said
Worm. He works at Canada’s Dalhousie University.
Scientists had already believed climate change would likely reduce future ocean life. But past computer-based
studies looked at only part of the picture or used only one model. The latest study used six different computer
models to give the best picture look yet, William Cheung said.
University of Georgia marine biologist Samantha Joye was not part of the research. But she praised the study
as well researched and extremely detailed, and called it “an urgent call for action”.21．What does the underlined word “biomass” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Ocean temperature. B．Total marine life.
C．Sea condition. D．Ocean level.
22．Why do scientists think that climate change might cause conflicts?
A．It may reduce the sea resource. B．It leads to the extinction of marine life.
C．It pollutes the environment of the ocean.D．It may increase the world population.
23．Which sea animals will be harmed the worst by sea warming?
A．The largest ones. B．The ones in deep oceans.
C．The bacteria on sea surface. D．Those we humans need most.
【答案】21．B 22．A 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如果气候变化持续升温，世界的海洋中的鱼类和其他生物可能会
在未来100年内损失约六分之一。同时文章介绍了气候变化对海洋以及人类产生的其他影响。
21．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“The world’s oceans will likely lose about one-sixth of their fish and
other creatures within 100 years if climate change continues on its current path. (如果气候继续以目前的方式变化，
世界海洋可能会在100年内失去大约六分之一的鱼类和其他生物。)”以及“Every degree Celsius that the
world’s oceans warm(全球海洋温度每升高一度)”以及划线词后面的内容“is expected to drop five percent(预
计会下降5%)”可知，此处指出随着气候变化的影响，世界海洋中的鱼类和其他生物会失去大约六分之一；
由此可知，全球海洋温度每升高一度，海洋中的生物总数预计会下降5%。因此划线词与B选项“Total
marine life.( 海洋生物总数。)”为同义词。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第四段“The findings make sense and the possible effects of the predicted losses of
animal life are huge.“Climate change has the potential to cause serious new conflicts over ocean resource use as the
human population continues to grow,” said scientists.(这些发现是有道理的，预测的动物生命损失可能产生巨
大影响。科学家们说：“随着人口的持续增长，气候变化有可能在海洋资源利用方面引发新的严重冲
突。”)”可知，随着人口增长，气候变化可能会导致人类在海洋资源利用方面引发新的严重冲突，的原因
是气候变化使得海洋动物生命周期变短，即资源不断减少。故选A。
23．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段““Those marine animals that we use directly, and care about most deeply,
are predicted to suffer the most,” said Worm. He works at Canada’s Dalhousie University.(沃姆说：“那些我们直
接使用、最关心的海洋动物预计将遭受最大的损失。”他在加拿大达尔豪斯大学工作)”可知，那些人类直
接使用、最关心的海洋动物预计将遭受最大的损失，即人类最需要的海洋动物将遭受最大的伤害。故选
D。（2023上·北京·高三北京市第十三中学校考期中）
Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice could be counter-
productive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and colleagues at Baylor University. The work,
published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that
instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics.
In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening
frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep. Almost all—87%—believed that
music improves sleep, or at least does not disrupt it. However, the team found that more overall time spent listening
to music was associated with poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness. Just over three quarters of the participants also
reported experiencing frequent “earworms”—having a song or tune “stuck” and replaying in their minds. A quarter
reported experiencing these during the night at least once per week, and these people were six times as likely to
report poor sleep quality. The team’s analysis suggested that listening specifically to instrumental music near
bedtime was linked to more sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study on 48 young adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p. m.,
participants went to a quiet bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress, sleep
quality and daytime sleepiness. They also had electrodes applied, ready for the night-time polysomnography to
record their brain wave activity, as well as heart rate and breathing, and reported on how relaxed, nervous,
energetic, sleepy and stressed they felt. At 10:00 p. m., they were given some “downtime”, with quiet music
playing. Half were randomized to hear three songs while the other half heard instrumental-only versions of these
same songs.
Participants reported decreases in stress and nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set
of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure. So-as earlier studies have also suggested- quiet music at
bedtime was indeed relaxing at the time. However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm,
and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these
awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. Taken together, the
findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms”
the team writes.
Why instrumental-only songs should have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isn’t clear. The three songs
used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar. Hearing them without the lyrics might have
prompted the participant’s brains to try to add the words, which might have made earworms more likely. If this isthe case, all instrumental music may not have the same effect. However, the data from the first study is consistent
with the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a problem.
24．According to the passage, the participants in both studies______.
A．were required to listen to light music B．felt their sleeping problems resolved
C．had their sleeping quality monitored D．provided feedback on bedtime music
25．What does the underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Lead to. B．Impact on. C．Break in. D．Focus on.
26．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Earworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B．Bedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.
C．Quiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.
D．Both familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping problems.
27．The passage is mainly about______.
A．how instrumental music disturbs sleep
B．the possible negative effect of bedtime music
C．how people can improve their sleep quality
D．differences between music with and without lyrics
【答案】24．D 25．A 26．D 27．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项最新研究表明：睡前音乐会导致更多的睡眠中断，乐器音乐甚至
比有歌词的音乐更糟糕。
24．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“A quarter reported experiencing these during the night at least once per
week, and these people were six times as likely to report poor sleep quality. (四分之一的人报告说，他们每周至
少在夜间经历一次这种情况，而这些人报告睡眠质量差的可能性是其他人的六倍。)”以及第四段讲到
“Participants reported decreases in stress and nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of
songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure. (参与者报告说，听了这两首歌后，压力和紧张情绪减轻，
放松感增强，血压也有所下降。)”可知，根据文章，两项研究的参与者都提供睡前音乐反馈。故选D。
25．词义猜测题。文章第四段讲到“However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm,
and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these
awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. (然而，四分之一的
参与者从睡梦中醒来时患上了耳虫，多导睡眠图数据显示，这些歌曲的器乐版本更有可能引发这些觉醒以及其他睡眠中断，例如从深度睡眠转变为轻度睡眠。)”可知，第4段中带下划线的单词“induce”可能的意
思是“导致”。故选A。
26．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“If this is the case, all instrumental music may not have the same effect.
However, the data from the first study is consistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a
problem. (如果是这样的话，所有的器乐可能都不会有相同的效果。然而，第一项研究的数据与器乐通常更
成问题的观点一致。)”可知，从这篇文章推断出熟悉和不熟悉的器乐都会导致睡眠问题。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。本文介绍了一项最新研究表明：睡前音乐会导致更多的睡眠中断，乐器音乐甚至比有歌
词的音乐更糟糕。尤其文章第一段讲到“The work, published in Psychological Medicine,found that bedtime
music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics.
(这项发表在《心理医学》上的研究发现，睡前音乐与更多的睡眠中断有关，器乐甚至比有歌词的音乐更糟
糕。)”可知，这篇文章主要是关于睡前音乐可能带来的负面影响。故选B。
（2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中）
At the times in my life that I had been upset or angry, a good hug was usually a very quick cure for what was
bothering me. After receiving a warm and genuine embrace from a loved one or friend, the tension in my body
would melt almost immediately.
How does a hug deliver such a remarkable effect so quickly? Touch is a powerful means of communication
and a great way to relieve the response to stress. Through touch, a person’s intention is readily discernible–you can
tell comfort from potential harm easily. In the positive mode, hugs are one type of touch that relays the message: “I
care about you. You matter.”
We require touch with other living beings to grow well. Children who are not held or hugged have significant
developmental and socio-emotional delay accompanied by smaller brains. This means that physical contact is not
only critical for how these children behaved, but for the development of the brain itself.
For adults, touch affects the response to everyday conflict. Some researchers interviewed404 adults daily for
14 days regarding their health, conflicts, how they felt emotionally (positive or negative), and whether or not they
received a hug. People who had received a hug and had an interpersonal conflict reported feeling more positive
with less severe negative reactions on that day. It has also been found that hugging may favorably influence the rate
of infection from a cold as well as symptoms.
As hugs are a great way to relieve the response to stress, it is not surprising that the number of hugs that a
woman receives from her partner is highly related to lower blood pressure as well as higher levels of hormone
known as oxytocin, colloquially labeled the “love hormone”.Hugs, of course, are a form of touch that share elements with other types, like massage (按摩) as well as
gentle, light touch. Like hugging, massage is a great way to release tension.
28．What does the underlined word “discernible” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Complex. B．Evident. C．Abstract. D．Varied.
29．What can we infer from paragraph 4?
A．Hugs can settle the conflicts. B．Hugs can effectively cure a cold.
C．Receiving a hug can cause positive reactions. D．The researchers take education into account.
30．What will the author probably discuss after the last paragraph?
A．Advantages of touch. B．Different types of hugs.
C．Fear of inappropriate hugs. D．Positive functions of massage.
31．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Touch is a great way to relieve the response to stress.
B．Children require touch from loved ones to grow well.
C．Hugs from partners can bring women lower blood pressure.
D．Caring touch can bring mental and physical benefits to people.
【答案】28．B 29．C 30．D 31．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关怀的触摸可以给人带来精神和身体上的好处。
28．词句猜测题。根据划线词后半句“you can tell comfort from potential harm easily. (你可以很容易地分辨
出舒适和潜在的伤害。)”可知，从积极的模式中，人们很容易辨别出安慰。所以discernible为“可辨别
的”之意。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段“People who had received a hug and had an interpersonal conflict reported feeling
more positive with less severe negative reactions on that day. (接受拥抱并有人际冲突的人报告说，当天感觉更
积极，负面反应更少。)”可推断，收到拥抱的人会有积极的反应。故选 C。
30．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hugs, of course, are a form of touch that share elements with other types, like
massage (按摩) as well as gentle, light touch.(拥抱，当然，是一种与其他类型的触摸有共同点的触摸形式，
比如按摩和轻柔的触摸。)”可推断，作者接下来可能会讨论按摩的好处。故选 D。
31．主旨大意题。根据第三段“We require touch with other living beings to grow well. (我们需要与其他生物
接触才能茁壮成长。)”和第四段“For adults, touch affects the response to everyday conflict. (对于成年人来说，
触摸会影响他们对日常冲突的反应。)”和第五段“As hugs are a great way to relieve the response to stress, it is
not surprising that the number of hugs that a woman receives from her partner is highly related to lower bloodpressure as well as higher levels of hormone known as oxytocin, colloquially labeled the “love hormone”. (因为拥
抱是缓解压力的好方法，所以女人从她的伴侣那里得到的拥抱的次数与较低的血压和较高水平的荷尔蒙
——被称为催产素，俗称“爱的荷尔蒙”——有很大关系，这就不足为奇了。)”及全文可知，文章主要介
绍了关怀的触摸可以给人带来精神和身体上的好处。故选D。
（2023上·四川成都·高三树德中学校考阶段练习）
In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars
resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the
University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some
bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them.
Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some bees.
He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare off would-be predators.
To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with
protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different bees. Computer
analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.
Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches for
them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes and, after
the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of
insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing
sounds made by bats.
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were
unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers
as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a predator.
They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing noises
when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is
far more widespread than currently realized.
32．What was Dr. Russo’s assumption of the study?
A．Only some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry.
B．The buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees.
C．Auditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom.D．Bats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies.
33．How did Dr. Russo test his idea?
A．By collecting computer data.
B．By consulting experts in this field.
C．By referring to other scholars’ analysis.
D．By conducting series of scientific experiments.
34．What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean?
A．Disappointing. B．Controversial. C．Definite. D．Uncertain.
35．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Animal Mimicry: Buzz off
B．Bats: No More Victim to Owls
C．A Self-protection Behavior among Animals
D．A New Trick to Scare Away Owls
【答案】32．D 33．D 34．C 35．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的
敌人。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as
similar to the sound of some bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to scare
off would-be predators. (Russo 博士几年前第一次注意到蝙蝠的嗡嗡声。他听到的声音好像是蜜蜂的叫声。
他想知道蝙蝠的嗡嗡声是否是一种模仿形式，有助于吓跑潜在的捕食者。)”可知，Russo博士对这项研究的
假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓跑敌人。故选D项。
33．推理判断题。根据第三段“To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured
bats made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by
different bees. Computer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar. (为了验证这个想法，
他和他的同事首先记录了捕获蝙蝠时发出的嗡嗡声。然后，穿上防护服，他们开始了更危险的任务： 记
录不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似。)”以及第四段和第五段内容
可知，Russo是通过进行一系列的科学实验验证他的想法的。故选D项。
34．词句猜测题。根据第五段中划线词句后文“When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the
owls moved as far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they
crept closer. (当他们同时听到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，猫头鹰们尽可能地远离扬声器。相比之下，当播放没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠声时，它们会慢慢靠近。)”等内容可知，实验的结果肯定了Russo的假设。从而推知划线
词句“After analysis, the results were unequivocal. (经过分析，结果是unequivocal。)”其中划线词汇意思是
“肯定的”。故选C项。
35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段中“Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away
owls that might otherwise eat them. (他认为，有些蝙蝠会模仿愤怒的蜜蜂，以吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头
鹰。)”以及最后一段中“And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory mimicry is far
more widespread than currently realized. (根据实验结果，他因此预测听觉模仿比目前认识到的要广泛得
多。)”可知，本文主要介绍了一项研究，研究发现一些动物会模仿其他动物的声音，吓跑潜在的敌人。A
项“动物模仿：（敌人）滚开”符合主题，故选A项。
（2023上·浙江宁波·高二校联考期中）
Cathy Brennan calmly paddled her bright yellow kayak (皮艇) down the Potomac River, continuing her
voyage, the latest of her solo trips on major waterways. It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything
else, empty her brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. “I’m in the moment, looking at the waves.” said
Brennan.
The journey is a minimalist style: sleeping bag, small tent, rain jacket, change of clothes, first aid kit, apples
and cheese sticks. When she’s thirsty, she scoops water from the rivers and pumps it through a filter. “I always
drink the river,” she says. Brennan loves being on the rivers, seeing the bald eagles above, deer on the banks and a
fascinating array of bugs and insects that never find their way into homes.
However, every few days Brennan will find a hotel for the night where she can get a shower and eat a
cheeseburger. She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the river and research the trips
at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits,” Brennan says, laughing. She has a phone with her but rarely
calls or texts anyone. Her children usually keep track of her via the transponder that sends them her location every
10minutes or so.
Brennan knows that solo kayaking is not for everyone and she’s not reckless. Brennan grew up on a lake and
was a strong swimmer and boater from an early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather
carefully. She is cautious about where she camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed
back out on the river when she has felt unsafe.
Surely, she is alone on these journeys but she isn’t lonely. She suggested that we all need some disconnection
from the wired world to find the wider world around us.
36．What can be learned about Cathy Brennan from paragraph 1?A．She longs for calmness. B．She seeks inner peace.
C．She is fond of travelling. D．She is tired of everyday housework.
37．Why does Brennan regard her husband as “virtual Sherpa with benefits”?
A．Because he keeps track of her. B．Because he arranges the route for her.
C．Because he accompanies her on the river. D．Because he contacts her with calls and texts.
38．What does the underlined word “reckless” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Cautious. B．Fearless. C．Ambitious. D．Thoughtless.
39．How is Brennan’s kayak trip according to the passage?
A．Odd and instructive. B．Romantic and thrilling
C．Costly and relaxing D．Tough and rewarding.
【答案】36．B 37．B 38．D 39．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了凯茜·布伦南用她的黄色皮艇独自旅行的故事。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her
brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now. (这很艰难，但它让布伦南放下了其他一切，把她的大脑从
日常琐事中清空，专注于现在)”可知，凯茜·布伦南独自旅行是为了寻求内心的平静。故选B。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She’ll also check in with her husband John, who has helped her select the
river and research the trips at their home. “He’s my virtual Sherpa with benefits.”(她还会和丈夫约翰联系，他帮
她选择了河流，并在家里研究了旅行。“他是我有福的虚拟夏尔巴人。”)”可知，布伦南认为她的丈夫是
“有福的虚拟夏尔巴人”，因为他为她安排路线。故选B。
38．词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“Brennan grew up on a lake and was a strong swimmer and boater from an
early age. When going through rough rapids, she watches the weather carefully. She is cautious about where she
camps and who is around her. She has packed up her gear and headed back out on the river when she has felt
unsafe.(布伦南在湖边长大，从小就擅长游泳和划船。在穿越险滩时，她会仔细观察天气。她对自己的营地
和周围的人都很谨慎。当她感到不安全时，她会收拾好装备，回到河上)”可知，布伦南非常谨慎，并不鲁
莽。由此可知，划线词reckless与thoughtless“轻率的，欠考虑的”意思接近。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“It was tough, but it allowed Brennan to let go of everything else, empty her
brain of the everyday chores and focus on the now.(这很艰难，但它让布伦南放下了其他一切，把她的大脑从
日常琐事中清空，专注于现在)”及最后一段中的“She suggested that we all need some disconnection from the
wired world to find the wider world around us.(她认为，我们都需要与有线世界断开一些联系，以发现我们周
围更广阔的世界)”可知推，布伦南的旅行虽然很艰难，但是很值得。故选D。
