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专题 07 细节理解题
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点 细节理解题
【高考解密】
命题点01 直接信息题
命题点02 间接信息题
命题点03 数字计算题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案
05创新好题·分层练考点 考查内容 高考考题设问
核心价值：
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德智体美劳 2023新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、
全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化 T26、T28、T33
的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。在体育
细 融入试题方面，2022 年新高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动 2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、
促进心脏健康的语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加 T23、T24、T25、T27、T29、T32、T35
节 跑步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学生提高运动
意识，保持身心健康。在美育融入试题方面，2022 年全
理
国甲卷听力题选取一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，
2022·新高考I卷T22、T25、T26、T27、
解 阅读题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，这些语篇 T32、T33
旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，培养健康向上的审美情
题 趣。在劳动教育融入试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、
区支教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场景，旨在 T23、T25、T26、T27、T29、T34
引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习和生活中培养劳动精
2021·新高考I卷T21、T22、T23、T24、
神。
T26、T27、T28、T32
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素
养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 T21、T22、
旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收 T23、T24、T27、T28、T30、T32、
糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学 T33、T34
生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的
能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相
关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研
究的兴趣通；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救
坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互助、彼此
关爱的和谐人际关系。
学科素养：
1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人
与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广
泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、
美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文
化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人
功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高考英语试题整体
难度稳定且适中，从教材出发，强调主干知识的运用以及
基本能力的考查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查
学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问题的能力。
考点 细节理解题
命题点01 直接信息题
典例01
【2023年全国乙卷A篇段】PRACTITIONERS
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in
Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She
moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree?
.
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
C. James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
典例02
（2023年新高考I卷A 篇片段）Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and
much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy
your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
3. Where does the guided city tour start?
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
典例03
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】
A
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programmes throughout the park, and throughout the
year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programmes this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from
the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy
your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long
as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Centre.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colours of the
canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers
continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for
this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on programme to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.21.Which of the four programmes begins the earliest?
A.Photography Workshops.
B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
命题点02 间接信息题
典例01
（2023年新高考I卷B篇片段）
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
典例02
【2023年全国甲卷B篇片段】
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.命题点03 数字计算题
典例01
【2023全国乙卷C篇片段】According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching
cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider
variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients
than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their
cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession
(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are
broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys
to like cooking.
10. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now?
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
典例02
【2018·全国Ⅰ卷 C 篇片段】At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these
languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by
many people while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200
Languages: the Americas about 1,000, Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New
Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6，000, which means
that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
34．How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present?
A．About 6,800 . B．About 3,400
C．About 2,400 D．About 1,200.
细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生
准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的
“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内
容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细
节。
常见的命题方式通常有：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题；
2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少；
3. 以According to… 开头提问方式；
4. 以填空题的形式，如：
（1）To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________.
（2）By the first sentence of the passage author means that________.
（3）It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________.
（4）If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________.
（5）The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ .
（6）The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________.
5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。
做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养
自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的
方法．先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用
略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句．仔细品味，对照比较．确定答案。除了
运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法．将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。
了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：
（1）是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；（2）符合常识，但不是文章内容；（3）与原文的内容极其
相似，只是在程度上有些变动；（4）在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正确，部分错误。
有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获
取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地
将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原
文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有
关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系
将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。
考向01-直接信息题
（2023上·吉林通化·高三梅河口市第五中学校考期中）Adolescence (青春期) is a stressful time. From
friends to families, from home to school, stressful situations become common. Now, a new study shows an
unexpected factor (因素) might cause teens to respond strongly to stress.Jonas Miller, a psychologist at Stanford University, wanted to know whether air pollution might affect teens’
response to stress. his team recruited (招募) 144 tweens and teens for the study, most of whom lived in or near San
Francisco, which ranks among the ten U.S. cities having the worst air quality. The researchers used data on air
pollution collected by the city to see how polluted the air was near each recruit’s home. They then collected
physical. and social information about the students and invited them to participate in a stressfuf.test.
Before the test, the researchers used sensors to record participants’ heart rate and sweat levels for five minutes-
as they rested. Then the test began. A researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and told each participant to
make up an exciting ending, which they would have to memorize and present aloud to a judge. After finishing this
task, the judge had the participant do math problems. If they made a mistake, they had to start over. The whole
time, sensors recorded heart rate and sweat levels.
At rest, all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels, Miller found. But as the test got tough, kids
from neighborhoods with more air pollution reacted more strongly to stress. Their heartbeats became irregular.
They sweated more than teens who lived in cleaner places.
Miller looked at other possible causes of those strong reactions in the students. including their height and
weight, stage of adolescence, family income and neighborhood. None of them explained the stronger stress
response. Such responses are linked to negative feelings, Miller notes. Over time, these responses can “contribute to
problems with both physical and mental health”.
“This is an interesting study,” says Anjum Hajat, an epidemiologist who studies the causes of disease. Miller’s
study “provides unique evidence of the negative health impacts of air pollution among adolescents,” Hajat says.
2．What were participants asked to do in the stressful test?
A．Retell an exciting story. B．Invent an ending to a story.
C．Make up an amusing story. D．Find the mistakes in a story.
3．What did Miller take into consideration when analyzing his research results?
A．Parents’ income. B．Parents’ education.
C．Children’ s mental health. D．Child-parent relationship.
考向02-间接信息题
（2023·四川成都·校联考二模）A team of researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has developed
an artificial finger that was able to identify certain surface materials with 90% accuracy.In their paper the group describes how they used triboelectric (摩擦电)sensors to give their test finger an
ability to gain a sense of touch. Previous research has led to the development of robotic fingers that have the ability
to recognize certain attributes of certain surfaces, such as pressure or temperature. However, the team has taken
one step further by adding the ability to identify a material itself.
The finger was created by applying small square sensors to the tip of a finger-shaped object: Each of the
squares was made of a different kind of plastic polymer (聚合物), each chosen because of their unique electrical
properties. When such sensors are moved close to an object, electrons from the sensors interact with materials in
unique ways.
The sensors beneath the polymer were all connected to their own processors (处理器) inside of the finger,
which were then connected together to allow for comparison of results- and for machine learning-based data
analysis. The researchers also attached a tiny LCD screen for displaying results.
The researchers then tested their finger by having it touch various flat surfaces such as those made of glass,
wood, plastic and silicon. They found it capable of identifying the right material 96.8% of the time, with a
minimum accuracy of 90% for all of the surfaces. The researchers also tested the finger for endurance and found
that it held up well enough for industrial applications.
The researchers think that their finger could be connected directly to a control mechanism in industry. They
also note that such a finger could also be used on a full-sized human robot. They point out that the technology could
likely be used in prosthetic (假肢) devices to help restore a certain degree of touch for people who have lost such
an ability.
10．What can we learn about the artificial finger?
A．The sensors in the finger can do the analysis themselves.
B．The plastic polymer chosen has the ‘same electrical properties.
C．The electrons can react with the surface that the finger touches.
D．Electrons from its sensors can differently interact with materials.
11．How did the researcher learn about the results?A．An LCD screen will show them the results.
B．The artificial finger can display the results directly.
C．They can work out the results using special software.
D．Processors inside the finger will send them messages.
如何通过还原法定位细节理解题的正确答案
1.定位词的选用
(1)特殊定位词
在很多题目当中会出现人名、地名、数字、年份和大写字母缩写这五类特殊词。因为它们的特点是在
一篇多数是英文小写字母的文章里非常的醒目，所以很快就能够做到精确定位。
[示例1]
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.For the past two years，
Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity，and they think they’re close to a
solution(解决方案).“We don’t give the students any breaks.They have to do it just like NASA engineers，” says
Florence Gold，a project manager.
33.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?
A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.
B.To sharpen students’ communication skills.
C.To allow students to experience zero gravity.
D.To link space technology with school education.
(2)普通定位词
普通定位词与特殊定位词相比，出现的几率更高。当我们看到题中没有特殊定位词的情况下，要思考
的就是在这道似乎没有啥重点的词语中挑选出最能帮助我们快速找到定位的词语。可以当做定位词的首选
是名词，其次是动词。
[示例2]
In Save Money：Good Food，she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt
offers top tips on how to reduce food waste，while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good
Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home，preparing meals for sons，Sam，14，Finn，13，and Jack，11.
25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cooking materials for her.
B.He prepares food for her kids.
C.He assists her in cooking matters.
D.He invites guest families for her.
2.挑选定位词的注意点
(1)文章中的高频词不能作为定位词
定位词的最大优势就是可以缩小阅读范围，如果我们定位了一个在文章中处处可能出现的词语，那就
失去了定位的意义。
(2)定位词和文中词有可能是词义转换
在实际做题过程中还要注意，不是所有的题目都可以用定位词来定位的。而且如果是遇到细节信息定
位题，很多时候定位词的作用被削弱了，因为题目中的词和文中的词会以同义词替换的形式出现。所以建
议考生一方面要掌握如何去找定位词，另外一方面要提高自己的阅读词汇量，尤其是同义词转换，这样才
能一击必中，快速找到答案出现的地方解决问题。
[示例1]
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
Duration：3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of
Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they
blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
（2023上·江苏·高三江苏省前黄高级中学校考期中）
Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you?
If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have neverslept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched ( 搭建) a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about
overnighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its most basic, car camping involves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fold-up chair, cooler and camp stove into
your vehicle and staying at a drive-up campground. Nearly every national park, and many state and county parks
and private facilities, offer drive-up campgrounds with restrooms, potable water, fire rings or pits, and maybe even
hot showers. So there are lots of choices.
The downside of car camping is the fact that these campgrounds are often packed with other campers. Not a
lot of privacy, they can be noisy, and possibly hinder (阻碍) your quest of communing with nature.
Backpacking
No vehicle required; just your feet and a good pair of hiking boots or shoes to get you to the next overnight
spot. A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.
Different from maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All you really need are a
backpack, sleeping bag, water bottle, small first-aid kit, enough food to last the entire travel. It can be done just
about anywhere on the planet.
Boat Camping
While this does involve owning or renting a watercraft or using a ferry or water taxi service to reach the
overnight site, camping via canoe, kayak, raft or boat offers a similar get-away-from-it-all adventure as
backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and boaters usually prefer to camp on their own along a quiet shoreline. But many
adventure or wilderness outfitters offer guided trips that can last anywhere from a couple of days to two or three
weeks. With a boat, you can sometimes camp places that not even backpackers can reach.
1．Who are the intended readers?
A．Red-blooded males. B．White-collar staff.
C．Green-hand campers. D．Blue-blooded tourists.
2．What can you learn from the passage?
A．Boat camping offers the same adventures as backpacking.
B．Backpacking allows you to communicate with nature deeply.
C．Car camping is the most economical way to experience nature.
D．The drive-up campgrounds provide people with private environment.3．In which column will you find this passage?
A．Business. B．Entertainment. C．Style. D．Travel.
（2023上·湖北·高三华中师大一附中校考期中）In 2022, campaign group Fashion Revolution Chelsea dye
garden for its Chelsea Flower Show presentation. An ancient craft, natural dyeing is a practice whose time has
come again, with hand tie-dyed fashion also making a comeback in recent years.
The revival has been encouraged by Covid lockdowns, “which allowed people to explore the craft at home,”
says natural-dyeing enthusiast and teacher Susan Dye. It’s unlikely, though, that the practice would have caught on
in quite the same way if not for a continually growing discomfort about fashion’s heavy footprint. From carbon
emissions to animal cruelty, fashion is under considerable inspection. “Put it this way, 97% of dyes used in the
industry are petrochemically (石油化学产品) based,” says sustainable fashion consultant Jackie Andrews, who
helped advise the UN Ethical Fashion Initiative. “We’ve got net zero targets which mean we’re going to have to
remove all those petrochemicals from the manufacturing cycle.”
Fashion is a huge polluter. According to the UN Environment Program, the industry is responsible for up to
one-fifth of all industrial water pollution — due to the fact that most clothes today are produced in poorer countries
where regulation is weak and enforcement weaker still. Waste water is dumped directly into rivers and streams,
poisoning the land as well as the water sources of people and animals who rely on them.
It’s easy to see why someone who cares about people, planet and animals, as well as clothes, might turn to
natural plant dyeing. From the beauty of the raw materials-often wild plants-to the property of only bonding with
natural fiber like cotton and linen, from the minor footprint of upclycling old clothing that has grayed or faded over
time to the vibrant and long-lasting dyeing results, plant dyeing feels like a quiet act of rebellion. This is why,
while beginners start with simply changing their clothes’ color, new worlds open. Many of today’s natural dyers
grow their own dye plants, run local community workshops, and advocate for change in industrialized fashion
systems and beyond.
4．What is the main reason for the growing discomfort mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．The adoption of petrochemical-based dyes.
B．The challenging net zero targets to be achieved.
C．The fashion industry’s focus on luxurious designs.
D．The disturbing consequences of the fashion industry.
5．The author illustrates “Fashion is a huge polluter” by ______.
A．making a comparison B．giving examplesC．listing numbers D．introducing a new topic
6．What does the underlined phrase “a quiet act of rebellion” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．A protest against turning to natural fiber.
B．An objection to upcycling old clothing.
C．A struggle for a sustainable fashion industry.
D．A resistance to vibrant colors in natural dyeing.
7．What would be the most suitable title for the passage?
A．The Environmental Impact of Natural Dyeing
B．Fashion Revolution’s Dye Garden Presentation
C．The Return of Natural Dyeing with Ethical Appeal
D．The Petrochemical Dye Industry and Its Challenges
（2023上·江苏南通·高三如皋市搬经中学校联考期中）I was driving when my phone alerted me to a new
email. Filled with eager anticipation, I pulled over, turned on my hazard lights, and opened it. My emotions quickly
changed as I learned, for the sixth and final time, that I had been denied a promotion to full professor. My
institution didn’t seem to value what I brought to the table. But when I told my family that night, my children
offered a surprisingly positive response. They were excited to see what I was going to do next, they said. They
apparently knew long before I did that losing my bid for a promotion would turn out to be the best thing that could
have happened for me.
This had been the final step in a long process spanning 15 months and involving so much effort. I had started
by studying successful promotion bids and asking senior scholars for frank discussions about my readiness. I had
carefully prepared my application packet, summarizing everything I had achieved in my career. For more than a
year, I had spent hours every day trying to prove my worth to my university.
To my surprise, having a final answer brought a welcome sense of closure. As a first step toward healing, I
decided to prioritize my own values and follow my own internal compass. I disconnected from people in my life
who violated my values, cultivated my relationships with those who share my priorities and bring out the best in
me, and spent more time with my family. I founded a nonprofit that helps first-generation and low-income students
and young professionals advance in the workforce while serving their community. The initiative had long been a
dream of mine, but I never pursued it because typical academic hiring and promotion don’t reward such efforts.
Now, such considerations were no longer my North Star.
Five months after that email from top leadership, I found myself in the car again, experiencing another career-defining moment. I may have lost my bid for a big promotion, but in the end, it brought me to the right place.
8．What did the author feel after he read the email?
A．Anxious and annoyed. B．Embarrassed and ashamed.
C．Relieved and peaceful. D．Disappointed and sorrowful.
9．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．What contributions the writer had made. B．What preparations the writer had made.
C．How successful the career had been. D．How tiring the process had been.
10．Which of the following would the writer probably agree with?
A．Success is more than a title or a rank.
B．One’s internal compass is to be developed.
C．Serving the community may heal a broken heart.
D．One’s real value first lies in his family interaction.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Emails: my North Star
B．Full professor: a double-edged sword
C．A career setback becomes a great opportunity
D．An academic career witnesses a failed promotion
（2023上·北京房山·高三北京市房山区良乡中学校考期中）My son just turned 14 and does not have a
smartphone. When he graduated from Grade 8, he was the only kid in his class without one. He asks for a phone
now that he’s going to high school. I say no, he asks why, I explain(yet again), and he pushes back.
“You can choose to do things differently when you’re a parent,” I told him. But sometimes, I wonder if I’m
being too stubborn or unfair.
The more I research, the more confident I feel in my decision. Many studies link the current mental health
crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize, namely, the shift from in-person to online
interaction.
But other parents challenge my perspective. “He must feel so left out!” Then there are the parents who tell me
with profound sadness that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phone ownership longer than they did. They
urge me to hold out.
If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on
their devices, as stated in a 2021 survey conducted by the non-profit research organization Common Sense Media,
then what are they not doing? Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life, and that strikes me asreally sad.
I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures,
imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself—and emerge stronger—without asking
for me at the push of a button.
The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone.
Some think my son is missing out or falling behind, but he is not. He does well in school and extracurricular
activities, hangs out with his friends in person, and moves independently around our small town. He swears (发誓)
he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed
the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend’s iPad.
If that is his version of admitting I’m right, I’ll take it.
12．What is the author’s primary concern regarding giving her son a smartphone?
A．Her son’s social life. B．Her son’s well-being.
C．Her son’s time management. D．Her son’s academic performance.
13．What is the main point the author intends to express in paragraph 5?
A．Her doubts about the reliability of a teenage survey.
B．The rise of smartphone addiction among teenagers.
C．The potential negative effects of excessive phone usage.
D．The factors contributing to teenage smartphone addiction.
14．What quality does the text suggest the author wants her son to develop in his childhood?
A．Team spirit B．Leadership
C．Self-reliance D．Critical thinking
15．What can be inferred about the author’s son?
A．He is struggling academically.
B．He no longer desires a smartphone.
C．He is easily influenced by his friends.
D．He has realized the drawbacks of excessive screen time.
（2023上·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）For Vishwanath Mallabadi from Bangalore, India, there
is no such thing as a useless object or “waste”. Give him anything—abandoned metal or plastic items, old devices,
dysfunctional printed circuit boards — and he’ll create art out of it.
Vishwanath’s passion is particularly relevant in the current age, where India generates more e-waste than it can
recycle. From 2019 to 2020, the country generated a total of more than 1 million tonnes of e waste. Of this, only22.7 percent was collected, taken apart and recycled. The eco-artist has upcycled and transformed nearly 200 kg of
e-waste into usable products and proposes eco-art as a means to deal with waste management.
Vishwanath’s father, D M Shambhu, was a famous sculptor and painter, but he wanted his son to choose
medicine and become a doctor. However, Vishwanath, who was interested in upcycling second-hand objects right
from childhood, decided to pursue a BFA in Applied Art. He later went on to work in a company as a high-level
administrator and retired two years ago. “In my free time and during the weekends. I used to conduct experiments
in e-waste and try to develop something unique,” he recalled.
So far, the eco-artist has created more than 500 objects. These include a six-foot tall sculpture made from
upcycled computer keyboard keys, and a painting inspired by Vincent Van Gogh’s The Starry Night, using
upcycled resistors (电阻器) on wood. Among his other artworks are a 42×38 inch figure statue created from
upcycled keyboard keys on a sun board finished with plastics, a deer made of colorful used wires, plants and
flowers from computer parts, and eco jewellery from upcycled digital wrist watch parts.
“The work involves selecting the e-waste objects—the texture, shape, and colour etc, and visualising and
conceptualising the final product. It might take weeks and months for sculptures. However, sustainable initiatives
and upcycled art are nowadays in demand in multinational companies opting for a sustainable culture,” he said.
16．What does the author try to convey in paragraph 2?
A．The seriousness of e-waste in India.
B．Vishwanath’s passion for environment protection.
C．The achievements of waste management in India.
D．Vishwanath’s attitude towards dealing with e-waste.
17．What did Vishwanath work as before retiring?
A．A passionate eco-artist. B．A private doctor.
C．A famous sculptor. D．A senior manager.
18．Which of the artworks were made of the same materials?
A．The deer and the plants. B．The sculpture and the figure statue.
C．The painting and the flowers. D．The deer and the eco jewellery.
19．What does Vishwanath think of his working on eco-art?
A．Exciting but unprofitable. B．Creative but useless.
C．Demanding but worthwhile. D．Efficient but costly.
（2023上·湖北襄阳·高三校联考期中）Now, a new trial finds antiviral medications, when given soon after achild is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (糖尿病), might help preserve those vital beta (β) cells.
Antiviral drugs could be “used alone, or as part of combination treatment, to rescue insulin (胰岛素) —
producing beta cells at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes,” said a team that presented their findings at the annual meeting
of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, in Hamburg. So-called beta cells in the pancreas (胰腺) can
generate insulin. But in some cases, an uncontrolled auto-immune response causes the body to attack its own beta
cells, ruining a child’s capacity to produce insulin and cause type 1 diabetes. So people with type 1 diabetes rely on
insulin injections to maintain healthy blood sugar levels the rest of their lives.
The researchers have been investigating the root causes of the autoimmune “malfunction” behind beta cell
destruction for years, and they discovered that low-grade infections with common germs often occur in the
pancreatic cells of people newly diagnosed with type l diabetes. So what if these people were given antivirals — in
this case, pleconaril and ribavirin — to rid the pancreas of these infections?
The new trial, led by Dr. Mynarek, sought to answer that question. The team followed96 children aged 6 to 15
who were all diagnosed with type 1 diabetes in the study. The children were randomly selected to receive either the
two antiviral medicines or a placebo (无效对照剂) for six months. Mynarek’s group tracked C-peptides levels in
the blood, which “mirror the insulin production in the pancreas,” implying that the higher a child’s C-peptide levels
on tests, the better their pancreas was producing insulin. According to their findings, while C-peptide levels
dropped a full 24% in children who received the placebo, it fell by just 11% in those who got the antivirals. That
suggests the treatment helped protect the child’s pancreatic beta cells from destruction.
The researchers concluded that “further studies should be done to evaluate whether antiviral treatment could
delay the progression of beta-cell damage leading to clinical type l diabetes.”
20．What’s the function of beta cells?
A．To attack the viruses. B．To produce insulin.
C．To cause diabetes. D．To absorb drugs.
21．How does the new drug work for diabetes?
A．To kill the germs infecting our pancreas.B．To inject insulin to our body.
C．To help create more beta cells. D．To prevent common germs from attacks.
22．What does the trial find according to Mynarek’s group?
A．There was no obvious difference between the two groups.
B．The kids given a placebo show a higher C-peptide levels than others.
C．The kids given antiviral medicines produce more insulin than others.D．The kids taking a placebo produce more insulin than others.
23．Which is the best title of the text?
A．The root cause of diabetes has been found
B．Beta cells could be preserved by insulin
C．Autoimmune response could cause body diabetes
D．Antiviral medicines could help ease Type l diabetes
