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专题 04 名词和代词等有提示词的揭秘
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点一 名词
考点二 代词
【高考解密】
【高考解密】
命题点01 名词构成
命题点01 物主代词
命题点02 名词的数
命题点02 反身代词
命题点02 名词的格
命题点03 人称代词
【技巧解密】
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 语法填空给出名词和代词等有提示词的解题攻略
05创新好题·分层练考点 考查内容 高考考题设问
核心价值：
高考英语试卷试题取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学生德
智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会
主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂的育人功
能。融入中华优秀传统文化，增强学生的文化自信。
如 2023年新高考全国I卷语法填空介绍小笼包；又如 2023新高考I卷tasty（taste）
2022年新高考全国I卷语法填空语篇报道中国设立大
2022新高考I卷 populations（population）
熊猫保护国家公园的情况，介绍中国生态文明建设成
名
就。这些语篇和情境通过讲述中国故事，以浸润的方 2021新高考I卷humans（human）
词 式引导学生加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义核心
2023新高考II卷（arrive）arrival
价值观的认同，增强文化自信，厚植爱国主义情怀。
学科素养： （interview）interviews
1. 从选材方面来说，近几年的语法填空选材新颖，紧 2022新高考II卷son’s（son）
跟时代脚步和热门话题，体现时代性和立德树人，强
2021新高考II卷representative（represent）
调中国元素，引入传统文化的介绍，融入人与自然和
谐发展的观念，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展。
2. 从考查的能力方面来说，在高考试卷中，语法填空
对英语学习的考查是多方面的，主要从单词的记忆、
语法知识的掌握、长难句分析和语言的感知、推理能
力、逻辑判断能力和思维能力等。从考查的考点角度分析，主要考查点包括名词的单复数，代词的指代，
冠词的用法，介词、动词短语的固定搭配，形容词、
副词的变形，谓语动词的时态语态，动词的非谓语形
式变化，并列连词和复合句的考查等。
2023年新高考I卷 语法填空：
____62_their___ (they) contents.
2021年新高考I卷语法填空 :
9 mine (I)
代 2021浙江卷6月语法填空:： 6
herself (she)
词
/
考点一 名词
命题点01 名词构成
典例01
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Since June 2017, right before the ___56___ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng
Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and
_ 57_ confident_ (confidence) speaking English.
典例02
【2023 年全国甲卷】However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___ (warn) about environmental
destruction.
典例03【2022全国乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the __largest_
(large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the
healthy development of the tea industry.
命题点02 名词的数
典例01
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】They also need to be ready to give ___61___ (interview) in English with
international journalists.
典例02
【2022新高考1卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___
(population)and homes of giant pandas, and _eventually (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the
wild.
典例03
【2021 新高考 1 卷 】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny
we 2 (human) are.
格
典例01
【2022新高考二卷】He saved my ___64___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
典例02
【2021.1 浙江卷】It is calculated by dividing a 3 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared,
and a BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.一、名词的构成
牢记几种常考的构词法
1.形容词变名词的后缀
后缀 示例
－age short adj.短缺的→shortage n．不足；短缺
－cy fluent adj.流利的→fluency n．流利；流畅
－dom wise adj.聪明的→wisdom n．明智；智慧
－ence different adj.不同的→difference n．差异
－ness weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．虚弱；弱点
－th strong adj.强壮的→strength n．力气，优势
－y difficult adj.困难的→difficulty n．困难
－ty safe adj.安全的→safety n．安全
－ity responsible adj.负责的→responsibility n．责任
2.动词变名词的后缀
常见的动词变名词的后缀有－al，－ance，－ence，－ion，－tion，－ation，－(ss)ion，－ing，－
ment，－ure，－ture，－y等。
后缀 示例
－al approve v．赞成，批准→approval n．赞成，批准
－ance appear vi.出现→appearance n．出现；外貌
－ion attract vt.吸引→attraction n．吸引
－ment achieve vt.达到，完成→achievement n．功绩；成就
－y recover v．恢复→recovery n．恢复；痊愈
二、名词的数
知识1 可数名词
1.有些单数形式或复数形式的名词,单复数同形。
【注意】 根据上下文确定它们是单数还是复数。
(单数形式)sheep羊 deer鹿 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人
(复数形式)species物种 series系列 means方式特别提醒 fish指"鱼"时,复数形式用fish;指"许多种类的鱼"时,复数形式为fishes;指"鱼肉"时,为不可数
名词。
2.有些单数形式的名词表示复数意义。
【注意】 此类名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
cattle 牛 people人们 police 警察
特别提醒 有些复数形式的名词,并不表示复数意义。
注意:此类名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
physics物理 maths数学 politics政治 news消息
3.一般而言,集体名词若强调一个整体,用作单数;若强调各个成员,用作复数。
常见的集体名词有:audience观众, class班级, family家庭, group小组, committee 委员会。
►Her family is well-known in the region.她家在该地区很出名。(强调整体)
►His family are all music lovers.他们一家人都是音乐爱好者。(强调具体成员)
特别提醒 集体名词本身也有单复数变化。
►Our grade is composed of twenty classes. 我们年级有二十个班级。
4.可数名词变复数的规则变化
构成方法 例词
1 一般在词尾加-s map→maps sea→seas girl→girls
day→days
2 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词后加- class→classes box→boxes
es(如果词尾-ch的发音为/k/,要加-s,
watch→watches dish→dishes
如stomach)
3 以-f或-fe结尾的 变-f或-fe为-v, leaf→leaves knife→knives
词 再加-es wife→wives wolf→wolves life→lives
thief→thieves
加-s belief→beliefs chief→chiefsroof→roofs
gulf→gulfs
4 以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,变-y party→parties family→familiesstory→stories
为-i加-es
5 以元音字母加-y结尾的名词,加-s toy→toys boy→boysday→days ray→rays
构成方法 例词
6 以辅音字母加-o结 加-es(有生命的词) hero→heroes potato→potatoes
尾的名词 tomato→tomatoes
加-s(无生命的词) piano→pianos photo→photoskilo→kilos
两者皆可(有/无生命 volcano→volcanoes/volcanos
的词)
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio→radios zoo→zoos
bamboo→bamboos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth→truths mouth→mouths
month→months
巧学妙记
1.名词单数变复数规则变化歌诀:
名词单数变复数,直接加-s占多数。
词尾若是-s,-x,-sh,-ch,直接加上-es。
词尾若是-f或-fe,变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es。
辅音字母加-y,要变-y为-i加-es。
词尾字母若是-o,加-es的有hero,tomato和potato。
2.巧记变复数时变-f/-fe为-v,再加-es的名词:
妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去砍狼(wolf),小偷(thief)见了着了慌,架子(shelf)底下躲己(self)命(life),半片(half)
树叶(leaf)遮目光。
5.可数名词变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例词
1 增加字母 child→children ox→oxen
2 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man→men woman→women
foot→feet goose→geese
mouse→mice
3 单复数同形 sheep deer series means species
4 表示 加-s American→Americans German→Germans
Greek→Greeks
"某国人"的名词
单复数同形 Portuguese Chinese Japanese
有些词以-man或- Englishman→Englishmen
woman结尾,分别
改为-men或-
women
巧学妙记 名词单数变复数不规则变化歌诀:
oo变ee, foot→feet是一例;男人女人a变e, (wo)man→(wo)men又一例。
还有几个要记准,child变children,ox变oxen法不一。
鹿和绵羊是一家,单复同形记心里。
6.复合名词的单复数变化
复合名词 将主体名词变为复数 son-in-law→sons-in-law
looker-on→lookers-on
passer-by→passers-by
story-teller→story-tellers
无主体名词时,通常把最 grown-up→grown-ups standby→standbys
后一个词变为复数
"man/woman+名词"构成 woman singer→women singers
的复合名词变复数
man servant→men servants
时,man/woman和名词
通常均变为复数
7.外来名词的单复数变化
criterion → criteria 标准 phenomenon → phenomena 现象
analysis → analyses 分析 basis → bases 基础
crisis → crises 危机 thesis → theses 论
文
diagnosis → diagnoses 诊断 bacterium → bacteria 细菌
medium → media媒体 datum → data 数据
curriculum → curricula/curriculums 全部课程
知识2 不可数名词
1.物质名词、抽象名词大多为不可数名词。这些名词一般没有复数形式。常见的不可数名词有:
furniture 家具 equipment 设备 clothing 衣服(总
称) news 新闻 information 信
息 toothpaste 牙膏
bread 面包 knowledge知
识 poetry诗歌(总称)
machinery机器(统称) advice 建议 weather 天气
progress进步 baggage 行
李 work 工作 luck运气 music音乐
wealth 财富
2."of+抽象名词"相当于形容词。能用在此结构中的抽象名词有importance, value, use, significance,
help, interest, benefit等。
►This dictionary is of great value(=very valuable) to students.这本词典对学生来说很有用。
►You'll find this map of great use (=very useful) on your tour around Europe.你会发现这张地图对你周
游欧洲很有用。
知识3 表示数量的词(组)与名词的搭配
修饰可数名词复数的词(组) a few, few, several, various, many, a great/good
many, a number of, hundreds/thousands/dozens/…+of
修饰不可数名词的词(组) a little, little, much, a great/good deal of, a large
amount of, large amounts of
既可修饰可数名词复数又可修饰不可数名词的词 some, a lot of, lots of, enough, plenty of, any, a large
(组) quantity of, large quantities of
通关秘籍
1.高考语法填空考查名词的单复数时,往往会给出提示词,此时我们要结合语境,并分析句子成分来判断是
否用名词,并确定其单复数形式。
2.可数名词单数变复数是一个重要的知识点,学习时主要掌握三种情况:
(1)规则变化;(2)不规则变化;(3)复合名词的变化方式。
深化拓展
1.名词的特殊情况
(1)有些单词和短语常使用复数形式
①表示由两个相连的类似部分组成的事物的名词只用复数形式,如:jeans, pants, scissors, compasses,
glasses。
②表示问候、祝贺、感谢等的名词常用复数形式,常见的有greetings, wishes, congratulations, thanks等。
③一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有take turns to do sth., in high spirits, make friends with,
shake hands with, broaden one's horizons等。
(2)以复数形式出现的书名、戏剧名、报纸名、杂志名、国家名等应视为单数。
►The Arabian Nights is a very interesting storybook. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
►The United States is a developed country.美国是个发达国家。
2.作可数和不可数均可的名词(1)一些名词通常表示抽象概念,是不可数名词,但被赋予了具体含义之后,可作可数名词,即抽象名词具体
化。
词汇 抽象名词(不可数) 具体化后(可数)
beauty 美,美貌 美人,美好的事物
danger 危险 危险的事或人
failure 失败 失败的事或人
success 成功,胜利 成功的事或人
honour 尊敬,敬意 令人尊敬的人或事
pleasure 愉快,快乐 乐事
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事
pity 怜悯,同情 憾事
(2)有些名词作可数名词和不可数名词时含义有所不同。
词汇 不可数名词 可数名词
paper 纸 试卷,报纸,论文
chicken 鸡肉 鸡
fish 鱼肉 鱼
iron 铁 熨斗
(3)有些物质名词具体为有形或有数量的相应事物时为可数名词。
coffee咖啡→a coffee一杯咖啡 tea茶→a tea一杯茶
drink饮料/酒→a drink一杯饮料/酒
(4)专有名词一般被视为不可数名词,但有时其前可加不定冠词或用复数形式表示特殊含义。
►How I wish to be a Thomas Edison!我多么想成为像托马斯·爱迪生一样的人物啊!
三、名词所有格
所有格作定语,修饰另一名词,表示所有关系。它有两种形式:一种在名词后加-'s,另一种由"介词of+名
词"构成。前者多用于有生命的事物或人,后者多用于无生命的事物。
知识1 -'s所有格
1.-'s所有格的构成规则:
构成 例子
单数名词词尾通常加-'s;复数名词词尾没有-s时,也 the boy's schoolbag那个男孩的书包the children's
要加-'s toys那些孩子的玩具
以-s结尾的复数名词后直接加"'" teachers' office 教师办公室
以-s结尾的单数名词或专有名词之后加"'"或-'s均可 my boss's/boss' plan我老板的计划James'/James'seyes詹姆斯的眼睛
复合名词一般在最后一个词的词尾加-'s my brother-in-law's birthday我姐夫的生日
2.-'s所有格的用法
主要用于表示有生命的东西的名词,也可用于表示时间、距离、重量、城市、国家等无生命的事物的名
词。
a week's holiday一周的假期
a thirty minutes' ride 三十分钟的车程
an hour and a half's walk 步行一个半小时的路程
特别提醒
1.并列的名词变所有格时的情况:
若表示不同的所有关系,则分别在两个名词后加-'s;若表示共有关系,则只在最后一个名词后加-'s。如:
Kate and Mary's room凯特和玛丽共有的房间
Kate's and Mary's rooms 凯特和玛丽各自的房间
2.可将所有格后面的名词省略的情况:
(1)名词所有格所修饰的词如果在前面已经出现过,往往可以省略,以免重复。
►This bike is not mine, nor Tom's.这辆自行车不是我的,也不是汤姆的。
(2)用于表示店铺、医院、住宅及公共建筑等的名词时,所有格之后的office, shop, house等常省去。如:
at the doctor's (office)在(医生的)诊所里
at the barber's (shop) 在理发店
at Mr. Green's (house)在格林先生家
3.不定代词后接 else时,-'s加在 else之后。如:
somebody else's bag别人的包
知识2 of所有格
用法 例子
表示所属关系 the title of the book书的标题
表示主谓关系 the arrival of the visitors参观者的到来
表示同位关系 the city of Beijing北京市
表示部分与整体关系 some of the students学生中的一些
表示内容 the news of victory捷报
后跟较长定语的名词要用of所有格 the advice of the old man experiencing a lot 这位饱
经沧桑的老人的建议
含有一系列名词时要用of所有格 a friend of Jim, Jack and Mark吉姆、杰克和马克的一位朋友
知识3 双重所有格
构成及用法 例子
构成 名词+of+-'s所有格 a friend of my brother's我弟弟的一位朋
友
名词+of+名词性物主代词 a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友
用法 表示部分概念,被双重所有格修饰的名词前往 Some friends of my brother's have
往有表示数量的词,如a, one,two,some, arrived. 我哥哥的几位朋友已经到了。
several, a few, many等
So far,I have read a few books of Mo
Yan's.到目前为止,我已经读了莫言的一
些书。
表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩,被双重所 This little cat of your sister's is really
有格修饰的名词前常有指示代词 this, that, cute.你妹妹的这只小猫真可爱。
these, those等
I hate those words of Mary's.我讨厌玛
丽的那些话。
考向01-名词的构成
1.（湖北省孝感市重点高中协作体 2023-2024 学年高三）Some said they can match hanfu from different
dynasties together, or with modern clothing, according to their own (prefer).
2.（湖南省长沙市南雅中学2023-2024学年高三）Not far from Mei’s address, the first theater for Peking Opera
(perform) was created in 1954, five years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China.
考向02-名词的数
1.（广东省深圳市红岭中学2023-2024学年高三统考）The buildings in the Forbidden City are all covered with
yellow glazed tile (琉璃瓦) (roof) with red columns and high walls beneath, symbolizing the noble
status of the royal family.
2.（湖北省腾云联盟 2023-2024 年高三联考）Wang organized all the ______ (housewife)who stayed
behind and started the first support group for such women in Taiping Village.
考点二 代词命题点01 物主代词
典例01
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ____ 61 to be
lifted____ (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of ____62____ (they)
contents.
典例02
(2022 全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening
____________ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
典例03
(2021新高考I卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in
the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____________ (I).
命题点02反身代词
典例01
(2022 北京卷) Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____________ (they), they get takeout or order
delivery.
典例02
(2021浙江6月卷)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of ____________ (she), everything in
good taste and in perfect order.
典例03
(2020 全国新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and
imagine __________ (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.命题点03人称代词
典例01
【2018 年浙江卷 11 月】One cup of coffee _____60in_____ the late afternoon or evening will cause
_____61_____(they) to stay awake almost all night.
定义:为了避免重复而用来代替名词的词。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意
义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自(反)身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、
关系代词和不定代词八种。
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数
和格的变化，见下表：
数、格 单数 复数
人称
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you your
he him
第三人称 she her they them
it it
如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
It is me. 是我。
l 人称代词的用法:
1、 人称代词主格在句中作主语、宾格在句中作宾语。如: They are playing football on the playground.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。
2、 说话人出于感情用he/she来代替国家、船只、动物等。(拟人)
如: China is no longer what she used to be.
She is a fine ship.
Be careful of that dog. He sometimes bites.
3、 we/you/they有时用来代替一般的人
如: They say that Mr. Brown is very rich.据说布郎先生很有钱。
You/We should keep quiet in the library. 在图书馆应保持安静。
4、人称代词it的特殊用法
① 代替小孩和婴儿
如:Look at that poor little child. It has just fallen down.
② 作形式主语或形式宾语
如:It is necessary to buy that dictionary.
I consider it important to ask him for advice.
③ 打电话时用于指人
如:Hello. It is Mary.
④ 用作主语指时间、距离、天气等
如:It is five o’clock.
It is fine today.
⑤ 用在强调句型中
如:It is Mary who helped you yesterday.
It is a dictionary that I received yesterday.
l 人称代词的排列顺序
1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：
第二人称 －> 第三人称 －> 第一人称
you －> he/she;it ->I
You, he and I should return on time.2) 复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：
第一人称 －> 第二人称 －> 第三人称
we －> you －> They
注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。
a. 在承认错误，承担责任时，
如：It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。
b. 在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，
如：I an如：I and you try to finish it.
c. 并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，
d. 当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。
二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词
二种，其人物和数的变化见下表：
意义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他们的
类别
形容词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers ours yours theirs
如：I like his car.
我喜欢他的小汽车。
Our school is here，and theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。
说明：名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词
如：The watch is mine(= my watch).
三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，
those等。
如：That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。
1、 this，these表示在时间上或空间上较近的人或物，that, those 表示在时间上或空间上较远的人
或物。
如：This is my desk and that is yours.
They are busy preparing for the English test these days.In those days they couldn’t go to school.
2、 this常指后面要讲的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
如：I want to tell you this: the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That is why he didn’t come.
3、 为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提到过的名词，其后通常接of短语作定语。
如：The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
说明1： 指示代词this/that在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，
例如：
(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。（ that作主语，指人）
(对)He is going to marry thisgirl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
(错)He is going to marry this. （this作宾语时不能指人）
(对)I bought this. 我买这个。 (this指物，可作宾语)
说明2：
That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指
人，试比较：
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.
他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful.
他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
(错) He admired that who danced well.
（that作宾语时不能指人）
(对) He admired those who danced well.
他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful.
他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
四、 表示 "我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。
如：She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。
l 反身代词的用法:
1、 反身代词可以在句中作宾语，含有“自己”的意思，但在汉语中有时不一定要把“自己”译出
来。
如：He can look after himself.他能照顾他自己。
They enjoyed themselves at Disneyland.
他们在迪斯尼乐园玩得很开心。
2、 反身代词可以在句中作同位语，起强调作用，置于名词、代词的后面或句末，表示“自
己”、 “亲自”的意思。
如：I myself did all the work.
She opened the door herself.
3、 反身代词还可以构成某些惯用语
如：(all) by oneself 独自地；一人地
of oneself 自动地，自然而然地
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other(指两者之间) 和one another(指三者或三者以上之间)
两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。
如：They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。
The three men distrusted one another.这三个人互不信任。
六、 疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可
用作连接代词，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
1） 用来构成疑问句。
指 人：who, whom, whose
指 物：what
既可指人又可指物：which
2） which 和 what 所指的范围不同：what所指的范围是无限 的，的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：
eg:Which teachers do you like best?
你喜欢哪几个老师？
eg: What teachers do you like best?
你喜欢什么样的老师？
3） what一般用来指物，指人时通常用来询问职业或身份；而
who多用来询问姓名或血缘关系等。
eg: --What is he?
--He is a lawyer.
--Who is he?
--He is Tom/my father.
七、 关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which，as等，可用作引导定语从句的关联词。它们代表主句
中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）。
如：He is the man whom you havebeen looking for.
他就是你要找的那个人。
八、 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用的不定代词如下:
all, any, another,both, each, every, either, every, few, little, many, much, no, none, neither,one, other, some 以及由
some, any, no, every 和 body,one, thing 构成的复合词。
1、 some和any的用法
①一般用法
some, any（一些）可与复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于否定句、疑
问句或条件句中。
He has some Chinese paintings.
Some like sports, others like music.
Ask me if you have any questions.
Do you have any questions to ask me?
I don’t know any of the students.
②特殊用法
some用在单数可数名词前，表示"某一"
You will be sorry for this some day.
总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。some用在表示请求或邀请的问句中，表示期望对方作出肯定回答，如：
Would you like some bananas?
Could you lend me some money?
any用于肯定句表示"任何"的意思
You may take any of them.
Any child can do that.
some, any在句中还可作状语，此时它们为副词。some意为"大约"，相当于“about”，而any则表示程度，
意为"稍微"、"丝毫"。
There are some 3,000 workers working in the factory.
Do you feel any better today?
2、many, much
many，much都意为"许多"， many + 可数名词，much + 不 可数名词可数名词。
How many people are there at the meeting?
How much time has we left?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
Much of the time was spent on learning.
3、few, little, a few, a little
(a) few + 可数名词, (a) little + 不可数名词
a few / a little 为肯定含义，还有一点
few / little 为否定含义，没有多少了。
He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。
4、both,either, neither, all, any, none
1) both (两者都)，either (两者中任何一个)，neither (两 者都者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或
物。
Neither of the twoboys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。
Both of the two boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。There are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸)
There are flowers on either side of the street. (岸的两边)路边长满了野花。
2) all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不 不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don't like anyof the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like noneof the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词数名词，用复数动词。
All/ None ofthe students are there.所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk isthere. 所有的牛奶都在那。
5．no,nothing,none
三个词都表示“没有”，no = not a/any,用来修饰可数名词或不可数名词，通常作定语。
nothing表示“没有什么（东西）”，前后没有任何范围限定。none能代表人和物，它总是用在一定范围
内，代替上下文已经出现过的名词，经常与of连用。代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；代替可
数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
I have no(=not any) sisters.
Nothingcan stop me doing that.
--What have you bought?
--Nothing.
--Have you bought any clothes?
--None.
None of the girls in ourclass like football.
考向01-物主代词
（2024·江苏省南师大灌云附中、灌南二中10月阶段性联考）The crosstalk realizes (it)
artistic presentation by means of imitation, talking, teasing, and singing.
考向02-反身代词（2024·江苏省盐城市联盟校第一次学情调研）They have gained a full understanding of the outside
world，and after several rounds of comparison,have finally found （they）to be in a strong position．
语法填空给出名词和代词等有提示词的解题攻略
(一)提示词为名词
解题攻略
所给提示词为名词时，通常考查可数名词的单数变复数，或名词派生为形容词、动词等。
典例01
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day
of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___ (cause)．
典例02
The Central London Railway was one of the most ____ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.
(二) 提示词为代词解题攻略
所给提示词是代词时所给提示词是代词时，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称代词单数变
为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。，一般考查人称代词变为物主代词。有时需考虑人称
代词单数变为复数、主格变为宾格、人称代词变为反身代词等。
典例01
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ___ (they) alive.
典例02
On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by __68__ (it) mother.
1.（江苏省前黄高级中学2023-2024学年高三学情检测）During a visit earlier this year to the crowded and
noisy market in the (city) Wuning subdistrict, Mao Fenghua, head of the local trade union federation,
found a child doing homework near a street stall.
2.（湖北省宜荆荆恩2023-2024学年高三起点试题）Because of the humid climate in Liuzhou, people tend to
lose their appetite, but the spicy and sour taste stimulates (people) appetite.
3.（2023年河北省秦皇岛市高三摸底试题）Suzhou is a beautiful city in east _______（China）Jiangsu
Province.
4.（湖北省武汉市硚口区2023-2024学年高三质检）“Realizing the valley was suitable for growing tea, since
2018, we have improved the management of the tea plantation, introduced advanced planting techniques and
provided training for (village),” Huang said.
5.（江苏省常熟市2023-2024学年高三10月抽测）Liu and her team came up with the idea deciding to choose
the clothes including qixiong ruqun, a typical chest-high Chinese skirt in Tang Dynasty, and the wedding dress in
Ming Dynasty, a popular long outer coat with loose and long (sleeve) in Song Dynasty.
6.（湖南省岳阳市湘阴校联考 2023-2024学年）The trading activity has brought culture exchange, religionsspreading and contrasts to the connected (region) and formed a remarkable culture tie featured by Asian,
European and the Mediterranean bank.
7.（湖南省长沙麓山国际实验学校2023-2024学年高三）In the late 90s and early 2000s, it faced fierce foreign
competition, forcing it to evolve its (strategy) to become nimbler.
8.（湖南省炎德名校2023-2024学年高三）Hearing birdsong is a (remind) that we’re not alone in
the great outdoors — or in life.
9.（湖南省三湘创新发展联合体2023-2024学年高三）The Art of War is divided into 13 chapters, in which
Sun stresses the importance of positioning in military strategy and (flexible) in responding to ever-
changing situations on the battlefield.
10.（湖南省邵东市第三中学2023-2024学年高三）Wupeng boat has now become the symbol of Shaoxing. The
famous Chinese writer Lu Xun mentioned this boat in many of his (publication) because floating in a
Wupeng boat is not only part of his childhood but also people’s life in Shaoxing.
11.（广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高三测试）the event’s opening ceremony was attended by more than
100 guests, including government officials from both sides, as well as_______ (representative) from Italy.
12.（2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试）I had pretty outgoing, confident parents, and there are some____
(study) that suggest the more confident or outspoken a parent in childhood, the shyer a child could potentially
become.
13.（2023年广东省佛山市顺德区均安中学高三拉练试题) (cook) use spring bamboo shoots and fresh
pork as fillings of it.
14.（广东省江门市新会一中2023-2024学年高三) She put all her (energy) into her work.
15.（2024·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔地区普高联谊校月考）He made an (assume) that his action was not
against the law.
16.（2024·浙江省义乌五校第一次联考）Seal cutting or Zhuanke in Chinese is a comparatively independent
traditional art form. It takes Chinese characters as its form of (express), using carving knives instead of
the writing brushes, and stone instead of paper.
17.（2024·江苏省南通市如皋市调研（一））Dai suggested prioritizing academic travel for young people,
health-focused tourism for the elderly as well as introducing tourism products which meet visitors’ budgets while
suiting their (prefer).
18.（2024·江苏省南京市五校联考）Before 1982, giant pandas were given away to other countries by the
Chinese government as a symbol of friendship and (kind). For instance, two giant pandas were given tothe US as gifts after former US President Richard Nixon visited China in 1972.
19. (湖北省荆州市2023高三期末)We must keep reminding _______ that it is easier to get into something than it
is to get out of it.
20.(山东省济南市2023高三期末) The beauty held in traditional patterns has inspired Chinese designers to find
____________ (they) own style and emotional bonds instead of just caring about function and form when designing
their works.
21. ( 河北省保定市 2023 高三期末) After the industrial upgrades, Shanxi, traditionally a coal-producing
province, is seeing 75 percent of ____________ (it) coal output generated from advanced and clean production
facilities.
