文档内容
专题 10 主旨大意题
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点【高考解密】
命题点01 标题归纳题
命题点02 文章大意题
命题点03 段落大意题
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 主旨大意题易错陷阱
05创新好题·分层练考点 考查内容 高考考题设问
核心价值：
【2023年1月·浙江卷】D35．Which of the following is
高考英语试卷取材广泛、体裁多样，引导学the best title for the text? 标题归纳
生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B27.What can be a suitable title
统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发
挥文化铸魂的育人功能。 for the text? 标题归纳
第一，强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展【2022年全国甲卷】C27. Which can be a suitable title for
基础。在体育融入试题方面，2022 年新高 the text? 标题归纳
考全国Ⅱ卷阅读题选取运动促进心脏健康的
【2022年全国乙卷】C31. Which is the most suitable title
语篇，写作题选取一名残疾学生积极参加跑
步比赛的语篇。这些语篇和材料旨在引导学for the text? 标题归纳
生提高运动意识，保持身心健康。在美育融
【2021年新高考I卷】 C篇31. Which of the following
入试题方面，2022 年全国甲卷听力题选取
is a suitable title for the text? 标题归纳
细 一位艺术鉴赏家谈论自己经历的材料，阅读
题选取介绍英国加的夫市艺术剧院的语篇，【2021年全国甲卷】D篇15. What is the best title for the
节 这些语篇旨在引导学生加深对艺术的认识，text? 标题归纳
培养健康向上的审美情趣。在劳动教育融入
理 【2021年全国乙卷】C篇31. Which of the following can
试题方面，各套试卷的语篇包含了山区支
解
教、烹饪、做家务等信息，涉及多种工作场be the best title for the text? 标题归纳
景，旨在引导学 生形成劳动观念，在学习
【2021年新高考II卷】C篇11. Which of the following is
题 和生活中培养劳动精神。
a suitable title for the text? 标题归纳
第三，关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生
【2023年1月·浙江卷】 27．What is the text mainly
培养核心素养。2022 年全国卷通过选取禁
about?文章大意
止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒
体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税【2022年全国甲卷】C31. What is the text mainly about?
的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材 文章大意
料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主
动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高 【2021年3月天津卷】C篇56．What is the passage
科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别mainly about?文章大意
物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与
【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph
捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激
mainly about?文章大意
发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣通；通过选
取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿【2023浙江1月高考】 C篇31．What can we learn
童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇,倡导友好互 from the last paragraph?文章大意
助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。
【2023·新高考I卷】D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 of the
学科素养： text mainly about?文章大意【2022·新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly
about?文章大意
【2022·全国甲卷 D】D32. What is the first paragraph
mainly about?文章大意
【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What does paragraph 2
1. 从话题选择来看，近三年围绕人与自
mainly tell us about mobile phones?文章大意
然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查
英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多【2021年6月浙江卷】C篇10. What is the last paragraph
样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、 mainly about?文章大意
美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华
优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考 【2023浙江1月高考】C篇31．What can we learn from
查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德the last paragraph?段落大意
树人，彰显德育本色 。
【2023·新高考I卷】 D篇32.What is Paragraph 2 of the
2. 从命题方向及趋势来看，全国卷试题高 text mainly about?段落大意
考英语试题整体难度稳定且适中，从教材出
【2022·新高考I卷】D14. What is paragraph 5 mainly
发，强调主干知识的运用以及基本能力的考
about?段落大意
查。同时全国卷试题高考英语试题注重考查
学生的思维品质、创新能力以及解决实际问
【2022·全国甲卷】 D32. What is the first paragraph
题的能力。
mainly about?段落大意
【2021年全国乙卷】B篇24. What does paragraph 2
mainly tell us about mobile phones?段落大意
【2021年6月浙江卷】 C篇10. What is the last
paragraph mainly about? 段落大意
命题点01标题归纳题
典例01
【2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷 B】Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for
middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban
Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop
science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of
soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as
soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a
year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who
say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming
effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,”
she says, “and they feel successful.”
27.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Rescuing school gardens
B.Experiencing country life
C.Growing vegetable lovers
D.Changing local landscape
典例02
【2023年1月·浙江卷】DAccording to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels
installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of
that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few
like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed lawsrelated to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
35．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B．Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C．InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D．Solar Farms: A New Development
典例03
【2021年全国乙卷C篇】You've heard that plastic is polluting the oceans—between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes
enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von
Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-
examine their relationship to singleuse plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse，” a pair of 10foottall plastic
waves, frozen midcrash. Made of 168，000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source (来源) of plastic
pollution, but they've recently come under fire because most people don't need them to drink with and, because of
their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that's part of Von Wong's artwork likely came
from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to
disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate (说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload's
worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic，” Von Wong and a group of
volunteers collected more than 10，000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they'd been
dumped (倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists' Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures命题点02文章大意题
典例01
【2023年1月·浙江卷】B Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re
looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment
on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on
board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to get on well with other family members.
B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
典例02
【2020·全国新课标 II】 Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, butresearchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills.
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of
Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play
was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,
education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and
found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at
54 months of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, and about half of children in the
study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more
frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play
with more complex puzzles than girls, and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more
active during puzzle play than parents of girls.
The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.242
27．What is the text mainly about?
A．A mathematical method. B．A scientific study.
C．A woman psychologist D．A teaching program.
典例03
【2020·全国新课标III】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),
more families are choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the
ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke
more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes,
I think I would.”
It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been
rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together
had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents;
many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-
olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in
Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they
get married.318
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
命题点03 段落大意题
典例01
【2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷D】This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t
always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors
are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and
tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of
crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated
or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
32.What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors.
D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
典例02【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】
...Para 5: Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.
These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
典例03
【2020年全国卷ⅢB篇】The creative team behind “Apes” used motioncapture (动作捕捉) technology to create
digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor's performance and later
processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realisticlooking ape.
25．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The cost of making “Apes.”
B．The creation of digitalized apes.
C．The publicity about “Apes.”
D．The performance of real apes.
一、标题归纳题三大方法定标题
1. 最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：
① 概括--准确而又简短;
② 针对性--标题外延正好与文章内容相符;
③ 题目--能引发读者的阅读欲望。
三大方法：
① 正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；
② 反面否定法：撇开原文，设想各选项写出来应是什么样的文章，然后和原文比对，逐一排除不符项；
③ 研读备选项：认真研读备选项里的中心词、结构、概括性、修饰词的变化，查看与中心思想是否相符。
二、主旨大意题
文章大意题
借助各段段落主题句归纳 段首；段中；段尾
首段（新闻报道、说明文、议论文）；尾段（记叙文、议论
借助文章主题段进行归纳 文）
借助主题词或关键句归纳 文中出现频率较高的关键词进行归纳，多为主题词
根据位置确定主题句:
1. 主题句在文首
文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。
2. 主题句在文末
有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读
完全文。
有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
3. 主题句在文中或隐含
主题句在段中间或隐含在文中, 让读者很难发现, 这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归
纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此
类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后
的结论,捕捉与题目有关的信息,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。
三、段落大意题
通过结构或暗示概括段落大意
1. 根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组
织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在
段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细
节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
2. 通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，
此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
考向01-标题归纳题
【2023·河北沧州·沧州市第二中学校联考三模】The Amazon Rainforest is the largest rainforest in the world.
This extraordinary tropical jungle is roughly the same size as 48 states in the U. S. The Amazon surrounds the
Amazon River and its many tributaries. The Amazon River is the largest river in the world by volume discharged.
It stretches 4, 225 miles — from the peaks of the Peruvian Andes to the beautiful beaches of Brazil.
Scientists estimate there are 390 billion trees in the Amazon Rainforest, including over 16, 000 species. The
Amazon supports at least 427 mammal species, 3, 000 species of freshwater fish, over 1, 300 species of birds, 378
types of reptiles, and 400 species of amphibians. Notice how we didn’t mention any invertebrates (无脊椎动物),
like insects and arachnids? That’s because the Amazon’s gargantuan population of invertebrate species climbs well
into the millions. And that only includes the species we’ve identified so far!
But how does this giant ecosystem support so many diverse organisms? Scientists divide the Amazon into four
ecological layers: the forest floor, the understory, the canopy and the overstory. Each layer plays an important rolein the health and survival of the rainforest. The forest floor is where the rainforest finds its humble beginnings.
The roots of towering trees grow in thick, low-nutrient soil laid over a layer of volcanic rock. Without deep,
rich soil, the forest floor’s tropical vegetation depends on decomposers (分解物), like bacteria, fungi (真菌) and
insects. These essential organisms pull nutrients from dead organic material, like leaves, wood, and animal bodies.
Vital for nutrient cycling, vigorous mushrooms, like the scarlet cup and the veiled lady, decorate the forest
floor. Some of these fungi can give out light. When the sun sets over the Amazon, these radiant mushrooms light
the forest floor like magical nightlights. Very little sunlight penetrates (穿透) the upper layers of the rainforest, so
the forest floor remains dark and damp year-round.
27．What’s the best title for the text?
A．The Secrets of the Amazon Rainforest
B．The Functions of the Amazon Rainforest
C．The Evolution History of the Amazon Rainforest
D．The Importance of Protecting the Amazon Rainforest
考向02-文章大意题
【江西省八校高三第一次联考】Whether it's the slow drifting apart from a childhood friend, the sudden,
sharp distance created by a disagreement, or one of the many relationships that have quietly fallen away during the
pandemic, losing someone that you thought would always be in your life is deeply jarring.
But friendship breakups will happen over the course of our lives, and we need to start learning how to deal
with them in healthy ways, says friendship coach Danielle Bayard Jackson.
The most significant thing we need to do, says Jackson, is normalize the fact that sometimes friendships do
end and that can actually be healthy. However, we haven't been taught to carry this expectation into our friend
relationships.
“We’re not looking at our friends through a lens (透镜) of ‘Gosh,I hope this works out’, but we’ll do that with
a romantic partner for sure,” says Jackson. “ With a partner, we wonder if they're going to be the one. But with
friends, we assume they' re the one from the minute we establish that we like each other.”
And because we don't view the loss of a friendship as a normal occurrence, it feels like a personal failing when
it happens and something we should be ashamed of. Or, as Jackson puts it, “If friendship is supposed to be easy and
yours ended, what did you do wrong?”
But that isn't the case.
Friendships, like any relationship, sometimes aren't meant to be and even if they are, maintaining them takesreal work. Kristen Newton has been interested in this work for years and founded HEART Convos, which aims to
help people who feel stuck in unsatisfying friendships have the kind of open and honest communication that keeps
a friendship healthy.
“I think we feel blindsided because we belittle the value and significance of our social connections and
friendship. Yet we recognize the weight that they carry when they don't work out, and we experience that hurt and
disappointment,” she says.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．How to regain a friendship that has ended.
B．The loss of a friendship is a normal occurrence.
C．Why friendship breaks up over the course of our lives.
D．Many relationships have fallen away during the pandemic.
考向03-段落大意题
【2023届安徽省A10联盟高考最后一卷】When I was a kid, a sycamore (枫树) grew in front of my home. At
the age of 10, I was just tall enough to reach its lowest branch and lift myself into its embrace. Sometimes two or
three of my friends would join me in the sycamore, or in the maple down the street, or Mrs. DiMarco’s old peach
tree, some of whose stout horizontal branches allowed us to sit shoulder to shoulder, eating sweet fruit.
In my small town there are some kinds of trees, their branches spreading wide, open for business. But I have
not yet seen a climber. Perhaps computer games have replaced tree climbing, or maybe the activity went the way of
monkey bars, which came to be viewed as too risky and have largely disappeared from playgrounds.
It is a sad loss. I have always believed that, since low-hanging branches provide no benefit to the tree, they
must be meant for the child. Robert Frost understood this when he wrote:
When I see baches (桦树) bend to left and right,
Across the lines of straighter darker trees,
I like to think some boy’s been swinging them.
My only disagreement with Frost is his inference that tree climbing is a gender-specific task. Both boys and
girls make a joyful climb.
The campus of the university where I teach has all sorts of trees. During a recent walk, I found myself bending
under the branch of an immense spruce (云杉). I grabbed the thing, and a moment later was sitting on a branch.
Then the memories came flooding back. The old sycamore, the friends, and finally, the reluctance to return to earth
when the parental call to supper came.I was so lost in my thoughts that I didn’t hear the student calling to me from below. He asked what I was
doing. I didn’t waste time on explanations. “Come on up,” I said “The air’s fine.” But he only laughed and waved
me off. He didn’t know what he was missing.
5．What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A．Why kids don’t climb trees.
B．Why monkey bars are dangerous.
C．Why there is no business under trees.
D．Why kids are addicted to computer games.
主旨大意题三大易错陷阱
【易错点易错陷阱一】 标题归纳易错陷阱
【浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题】The scientist’s job is to figure out how the world works, to
“torture (拷问)” Nature to reveal her secrets, as the 17th century philosopher Francis Bacon described it. But who
are these people in the lab coats (or sports jackets, or T-shirts and jeans) and how do they work? It turns out that
there is a good deal of mystery surrounding the mystery-solvers.
“One of the greatest mysteries is the question of what it is about human beings — brains, education, culture
etc. that makes them capable of doing science at all,” said Colin Allen, a cognitive scientist at Indiana University.
Two vital ingredients seem to be necessary to make a scientist: the curiosity to seek out mysteries and the
creativity to solve them. “Scientists exhibit a heightened level of curiosity,” reads a 2007 report on scientific
creativity. “They go further and deeper into basic questions showing a passion for knowledge for its own sake.”
Max Planck, one of the fathers of quantum physics, once said, the scientist “must have a vivid and intuitive
imagination, for new ideas are not generated by deduction (推论), but by an artistically creative imagination.”
......
ong as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while
surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Who Are The Mystery-solversB．Scientists Are Not Born But Made
C．Great Mystery: What Makes A Scientist
D．Solving Mysteries: Inside A Scientist's Mind
【易错点易错陷阱二】 文章大意易错陷阱
【江苏省徐州市第七中学2023年高三期中试题】New bio-plastics are being made in laboratories from straw,
wood chips and food waste, with researchers aiming to replace oil as the source of the world’s plastic.
The new approaches include genetically modifying bacteria to eat wood and produce useful chemicals. But the
bio-plastics are currently significantly more expensive to make than fossil fuel-based plastics.
Land and seas around the world, from high mountains to deep oceans, have become polluted with plastic,
prompting major public concern. The world has produced 8bn tons of plastic since the 1950s and demand is still
rising.
While some waste plastic is recycled, much of it is burnt to produce electricity, resulting in carbon emissions
that drive climate change. In contrast to plastic made from oil, plastics made from plant-based materials only
release the carbon the plants absorbed from the air as they grew. Bio-plastics will also give more options for
products that biodegrade (生物降解) in the environment, although they can be made very long-lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement to our daily lives,” said Paul Mines, CEO of Biome Technologies in
the UK, which has spent t5m in the last five years on bio-plastics research. “But we can’t go on using fossil fuel-
based materials. About 6-7% of every barrel (桶) of oil is used to make plastics.”
“Using plant materials is feasible,” said professor Simon, at the University of York. “Replacing half of the
nation’s plastic bottles could be done using just 3% of the sugar beet crop, 5% of wheat straw or 2.5% of food
waste,” he said.
Currently, just a few thousand tons of bio-plastic are used in the UK each year, compared to millions of tons of
conventional plastic. Mines said this could rise to about 20,000 tons in the next five years.
......
What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Plastics arc necessary in daily life. B．Oil is the source of the world’s plastic.
C．Bioplastic making is a promising industry. D．Scientists are researching bioplastic making.
【易错点易错陷阱三】 段落大意易错陷阱
【江苏省徐州市第七中学 2023年高三期中试题】As a kid growing up in a suburb of London. I loved to go
looking for the perfect park bench. Some Sunday mornings, my dad could be persuaded to drive to new parks.We’d have a kick-around with a soccer ball, share a bag of Doritos and check out all the benches in the area,
reading the words on them.
The good park bench leaves me in a state, somewhere between nostalgia (怀旧) and eager anticipation. Where
once I was excited by the words carved on wood, I now find, as a 10-year-old, that I’m more appreciative of each
bench’s quiet stoicism (坦然淡定), the way they are willing to wait out their turn in every weather, remaining
available to all-comers. Like a good book or piece of music, a park bench allows for a sense of solitude (独处) and
community at the same time, which is crucial to life in a great city.
Part of my obsession with park benches is as spaces where history settles. By planting seeds of curiosity, and
making space for reflection, park benches become doors to the past. Maybe that’s the greatest power of the park
bench: its capacity encourages the art of observation. A good bench catches us in our quietest, most vulnerable (脆
弱的) moments, when we may be open to imagining new narratives and revisiting old ones. Our masks are taken
off, hung from the bench’s wrought iron. On other nearby benches, babies are being burped. Glances exchanged.
Sandwiches eaten. Newspapers read it .
......
Which aspect of park benches does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．Design. B．History. C．Location. D．Power.
（2023上·江苏盐城·高二盐城市大丰区新丰中学校联考期中）
In the US only about 3% of early childhood teachers are male. Experts say this may have a great influence on
young children whose understanding of gender roles and identity is rapidly forming. Research has found that
getting access to different teachers is of benefit to children. This means the youngest learners are more likely to be
exposed to a wide variety of games and communication. It can also help them develop healthy ideas about gender.
“In our society and world, we tend to have very specific stereotypes (刻板印象) of gender roles,” said Mindi
Reich-Shapiro, an assistant professor in the Borough of Manhattan Community College, and one of the authors of a
recent study. “It’s necessary for the kids to see other possibilities and paths they can choose.”
Although they largely felt supported by colleagues and families, many male teachers surveyed stated that in
their career as early education teachers, they did face social and cultural resistance. Some even noted that the
parents were surprised or concerned when they found a male teacher with their kids. Moreover, the male teacherswere sometimes advised not to hug children.
Reich-Shapiro and other researchers have made some suggestions to increase the number of male early
education teachers. Low wages have long been considered as a major problem in this field. More than 70% of male
teachers said they intended to stay in the early education workforce, and pointed out that the major motivator for
their commitment to their long-term career was an increased salary. Thus, the report recommended that all
preschool educators be paid as much as the primary school teachers. The government should establish support
groups and provide guidance and professional advice for male early education educators.
Reich-Shapiro said that traditional recruitment methods for early childhood teachers could not handle the
gender gap in the field. He suggests providing young individuals with opportunities to stay and work with children
either through training or voluntary programs, targeting groups of men who are considering changing their jobs,
such as fathers and fathers-to-be.
17．How is the early childhood education in the US?
A．It neglects gender roles. B．It lacks male teachers.
C．It influences kids’ understanding. D．It exposes kids to adventures.
18．What is learned about the male teachers in the study?
A．They find it awkward to hug children. B．They fail to meet the parents’ expectations.
C．They can’t keep up with female colleagues. D．They feel distrusted socially and culturally.
19．What is important for men to be committed to early childhood education?
A．Higher pay. B．Job security. C．Social recognition. D．Better workplace.
20．What can be the best title for the passage?
A．Early education: a specific target B．Early education: a challenging field
C．Male preschool teachers: a vital necessity D．Male preschool teachers: a potential career
（2023上·云南·高三校联考阶段练习）
“How much privacy can a photo show?” This topic has been discussed on Sina Weibo recently, causing
concerns about privacy awareness.
In group chats, some people may post their original photos. But that may give away your home address and
other information. Images often contain a lot of information and various traces left by digital cameras or photo
processing software.
This data, called Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF), is a key tool for many professionals. It can detail
whether the photographer used a flash, which digital effects were applied to a picture and when the photo wastaken. EXIF can also contain the precise GPS coordinates (坐标) of the location where a photo was taken,
according to CNN.
If you take a landscape picture from your window and send the original picture to a group chat, it means that
you are releasing your location data to all strangers in the group. They may even accurately infer your house
number by analyzing the shooting time and angle.
Not just in a group chat, sending an image in a text message, email, or other delivery tools will also include the
accompanying information. So how do we protect our privacy when sending photos?
The most effective way is to avoid sending original photos in group chats. If it’s necessary, try not to tap the
“original picture”. However, photos sent by WeChat Moments are automatically compressed (压缩) by the system,
and they travel without location and other information, according to the WeChat team.
To tackle the problem at its root, we can delete and remove a picture’s EXIF data on a computer. If you are
using an IOS smartphone, you can turn off location services for the camera in the privacy settings. If you’re using
an Android, the settings vary. Typically, you can go to the setting menu and switch the services off for the camera,
according to CTV News.
There is one more thing you can do — photoshop your photos before you share them. What comes with your
edited images is photos without stored location data.
21．Which of the information can not be tracked by EXIF?
A．The time when the photo was taken.
B．The digital effects that were applied to a photo.
C．The place where you are viewing the photo.
D．The GPS coordinates of the location where a photo was taken.
22．What would happen if you send your original photos in delivery tools?
A．The photos won’t reveal your location data.
B．The accompanying information will be deleted.
C．Your personal information will be revealed.
D．The photos you are uploading will not be compressed.
23．How to protect our privacy when sharing photos?
A．Photoshop the photos before sharing.
B．Send out the EXIF data on the computer.
C． Switch off location services for the camera.
D．Compressed the photos before sharing.A．abc. B．acd. C．bed. D．abed.
24．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Privacy Protection in Photo Sharing
B．Ways to Raise Privacy Awareness
C．How Does EXIF Work in Photo Sharing
D．The Importance of Location Services for the Camera
（2023·河北沧州·沧州市第二中学校联考三模）
From ordering food to buying a new book to making a charitable donation, more and more decisions that used
to be made on paper are now being made on digital devices like tablets, phones, and computers. And this trend
towards digitalization has many advantages, in particular when it comes to efficiency and sustainability — but
could it also be negatively influencing how we make decisions?
We conducted a series of studies with more than 2, 500 participants across the U. S. and China to explore the
impact of the medium you use to make a decision, with a particular focus on decisions with some sort of moral
component, such as whether or not to make a donation to a charity, or whether to choose a healthy or unhealthy
entrée (主菜) at a restaurant. We asked the participants to make a variety of these sorts of choices using either a
paper form or a digital tablet, and despite controlling for all other variables (变量) , we consistently found that
people who used paper made more moral decisions than those who used a digital device: For example, participants
who read their choices and made a selection on paper were significantly more likely to give money to charity,
choose a healthy entree, and opt for an educational book rather than something more entertaining.
Why might this be? Our research suggests that the key mechanism driving this effect is how “real” the
decision feels. We asked participants in two of our studies to describe how real a decision felt, as well as the extent
to which they believed the decision as representing who they were as people, and they consistently indicated that
making a choice on paper felt more real and representative than making the same decision on a digital device.
It may seem like a minor detail, but our research shows that the medium with which your customers,
employees, or community members make a decision can have a major impact on the choices they make. This has
implications (暗示) for marketers, policymakers, and anyone seeking to encourage any sort of virtuous behaviour.
For example, to encourage customers to choose healthier options, restaurants might consider opting for paper rather
than digital menus. Similarly, parents and educators might opt to provide students with paper rather than online
book order forms, to increase the chances that they’ll choose educational reading materials.
25．What do we know about the studies?A．The participants are all from America.
B．The participants are divided into three groups.
C．The studies pay special attention to decisions with moral component.
D．The studies prove the efficiency and availability of the digital device.
26．What main mechanism is responsible for this effect mentioned in the text?
A．The awareness of environmental protection.
B．People’s objection to trend towards digitalization.
C．The real feeling caused by making decisions on paper.
D．People’s care about their identity when making decisions on paper.
27．What can we infer about the research finding from the last paragraph?
A．It has practical value. B．It needs improvement.
C．It can stand the test of time. D．It makes sense in every situation.
28．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Pen and paper will never be replaced.
B．We encourage everyone to make a responsible choice.
C．We make more moral choices when using pen and paper.
D．Educational reading materials should be provided in the form of paper.
（2023上·辽宁铁岭·高三校联考期中）
It is reported that about 14 percent of Americans aged over 12 have trouble in hearing. And hearing loss
increases dramatically to 50 percent or more for those aged over 70. It often comes on so gradually that many
ignore it. Only an estimated 15 to 25 percent of adults would use hearing aids, and the use is lowest among people
who have less access to health care.
However, recent research has revealed that even mild or moderate hearing loss in older adults is associated
with cognitive (认知的) decline. Older adults with hearing loss are more likely to develop dementia (痴呆), and the
likelihood increases with the severity of the loss.
In July, Frank R. Lin, a professor from Johns Hopkins University, presented results from a first-of-its-kind
randomized clinical trial. Participants are 977 adults aged between 70 and 84, including those who have more risk
factors for developing dementia and those who are relatively healthy. They received best-practice hearing care,
including hearing aids. Three years later, hearing aids did make a difference to the participants in cognitive decline.
Especially for those who were at the higher risk for dementia, a 48 percent cut in risk of cognitive decline could be
made if they got hearing aids.When hearing loss is untreated, the brain’s organization changes, says Anu Sharma, an auditory neuroscientist
of the University of Colorado Boulder. In adults with mild hearing loss, studies show a decrease in gray matter (灰
质) in brain. Sharma found early signs that vision and touch areas of the brain cover and change underused hearing
areas. Adults with hearing loss also show more activity in working memory areas. They need to make extra efforts
just to listen, Sharma says, which may exhaust cognitive reserves.
Hearing loss is also associated with more falls, higher health-care costs, and increased loneliness and social
isolation. “Hearing is fundamental to healthy aging,” says Nicholas Reed, who worked with Frank R. Lin on the
cognitive-decline study.
29．What can we learn from the figures in the first paragraph?
A．Americans pay special attention to their hearing.
B．Americans are unaware of danger of hearing loss.
C．Many Americans with hearing loss stay untreated.
D．Most Americans are suffering serious hearing loss.
30．What did Frank R. Lin’s clinical trial reveal?
A．Hearing aids helped reduce cognitive decline.
B．Hearing aids worked on healthy people.
C．Cognitive decline could result in hearing loss.
D．Cognitive decline was unrelated to age.
31．What is paragraph 4 centred on?
A．What sign will appear before losing hearing.
B．How hearing loss impacts cognitive decline.
C．Why hearing loss is left untreated by people.
D．How our brain discourages cognitive decline.
32．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Hearing loss—a new factor connected with dementia
B．Cognitive decline, caused by more than hearing loss
C．Dementia—an incurable but preventable disease
D．Hearing loss, having limited access to healthcare
（2023上·山东青岛·高三统考期中）
Whether or not artificial intelligence (AI) will be able to outperform human intelligence –and how soon that
could happen–is a common question fueled by descriptions of AI in popular culture. Key to this comparison is aclear understanding of “intelligence.”
One common definition describes as the ability of someone or something to achieve goals in a wide variety of
environments. We can compare how well computers and humans are able to meet this definition.
Computers start with many advantages. They have better memories, they can quickly gather information from
numerous digital sources, they can work continuously without the need for sleep, they don’t make mathematical
errors, and they are better at multitasking and thinking several steps ahead than humans. This makes them superior
to humans at achieving some goals, such as calculating complex mathematical problems or sorting through large
amounts of data. However, most AI systems are specialized for very specific applications.
Humans, on the other hand, can use imagination and intuition (直觉) when approaching new tasks in new
situations. This makes humans more readily able to apply their intelligence to a variety of environments, such as
walking along unfamiliar trails. This is something machines often struggle with.
Intelligence can also be defined in other ways, such as the possession of a group of advantages, including the
ability to reason, represent knowledge, plan, learn, and communicate. Many AI systems possess some of these
traits, but no system has yet acquired them all.
As AI systems grow more sophisticated, they may become better at translating capabilities to different
situations the way humans can. Theoretically, this could result in artificial intelligence that transcends human
intelligence. The term “singularity” is sometimes used to describe a situation in which an AI system develops
agency and grows beyond human ability to control it. So far, experts continue to debate when–and whether–this is
likely to occur.
33．The author introduces the definitions of intelligence to ______.
A．bring in the topic B．help explain the issue
C．change the understanding of AI D．correct people’s wrong view of intelligence
34．In which aspect are humans superior to computers?
A．Collecting and memorizing data. B．Handling many tasks at the same time.
C．Dealing with new problems flexibly. D．Creating new tasks in various situations.
35．How does the author develop this passage?
A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons.
C．By quoting experts’ opinions. D．By presenting research findings.
36．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．AI Era Causes Concerns about IntelligenceB．Definition of Intelligence Varies in Many Ways
C．Will Machines Become More Intelligent Than Humans?
D．Can Human Beings Control Artificial Intelligence Forever?
（2023上·江苏无锡·高三统考期中）
Are you good at interpreting other people’s emotions? Then there’s a good chance that you’re also good at
understanding what animals try to say.
A new Danish-Swiss study published in the open journal Royal Society Open Science indicates that
empathetic (能共情的) people are also good at decoding (解读) animal sounds. Other factors also improve your
chance of communicating with animals — you are more likely to be animal-empathetic if you also work with
animals, and the ability seems to peak in those aged 20-29 years old, according to the scientists.
“Our results show that, based on animal sounds, people are able to tell whether an animal is agitated (焦虑不
安的) or not and whether the animal expresses positive or negative emotions,” says behavioural biologist Elodie
Briefer from the University of Copenhagen’s Faculty of Science. “This is true in connection with a number of
different mammals. We can also see that our ability to interpret the sounds depends on factors such as age, first-
hand knowledge of animals, and not least how empathetic we are towards other people.”
The study was based on answers from 1024 people across 48 countries. They were introduced to sounds from
six mammals: goats, cattle, domesticated horses, Asian wild horses, pigs, and wild boars. The sounds from the six
animals were played to the study’s respondents together with sounds of human nonsense (胡言乱语) produced by
actors. Afterwards, the participants had to guess whether the sounds expressed a high or low level of agitation, and
if the emotions were positive or negative. Following the test, the participants were asked to take an empathy test
that measured their empathy towards human beings. “It is a convincing test which measures empathy towards other
people,” Elodie Briefer explains. “And we saw a clear connection with the ability to interpret animal sounds.”
37．How does the author introduce the topic of the passage?
A．By stating opinions. B．By quoting a saying.
C．By giving an example. D．By asking a question.
38．Who might be best at understanding animal emotions based on the study?
A．A 15-year-old hard-working student. B．A 25-year-old caring animal raiser.
C．A29-year-old experienced hunter. D．A 30-year-old friendly teacher.
39．What does Elodie Briefer think of the test involved?
A．Doubtful. B．Reliable. C．Ineffective. D．Disappointing.40．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Human empathy extends to animals B．Emotion interpretation helps animals
C．Sound interpretation depends on ages D．Emotion expression protects animals
（2023上·山东·高三山东省实验中学校考期中）
For teenagers, is a sense of comfort more commonly found in sports or arts? And how might this relate to their
reported depressive symptoms? A new research published by the American Psychological Association suggests that
teenagers participating in after-school art activities like music, drama, and painting are more likely to report
depressive symptoms than their non-participating peers.
“This is not to say that depression is a necessary condition for either a teen or an adult to become an artist, nor
are we showing that participating in the arts leads to mental illness,” said lead author Laura N. Young. MA．of
Boston College. “However, previous research has revealed higher rates of mental illness symptoms in adult artists.
We were interested in whether this association is present earlier in development.”
Interestingly, teens who engaged exclusively in sports and didn’t involve themselves in any other
extracurricular activities were reported the least depressive symptoms. The researchers found no significant
difference in depressive symptoms between teens involved in the arts who also did sports and those who didn’t,
suggesting that arts participation, rather than a lack of sports participation, was associated with depression.
The researchers used data from the U. S. Survey of Youth collected from 2, 482 students 15 to 16 years old.
The survey asked teens about their frequency of participation in arts or sports activities after school, and their
experience of various moods or problems related to depression.
One theory the researchers proposed for the seeming link between the arts and mental illness symptoms is that
people attracted to the arts might possess certain cognitive (认知的) qualities, such as absorbing a higher level of
information from their surroundings. This could lead to general unhappiness and depression, yet also enhance
creativity and artistic expression. The authors suggested that personality qualities linked to depression, like
introversion (内向), might guide teens towards more individual activities like the arts.
“When positive behaviors such as being involved in the arts are associated with symptoms of mental illness,
it’s essential that we understand why,” said Young. “Further research can address the question of whether possible
psychological shortcomings can be transformed into benefits through the practice of the arts.”
41．What can we learn from the research findings?
A．Art activities directly lead to teen mental illness.
B．Art participation can be related to teen depression.C．Sports are likely to increase depression rates in teens.
D．Being depressed is necessary to become an artist later.
42．Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word “exclusively” in Paragraph 3?
A．only B．rarely C．regularly D．diversely
43．What is Paragraph 5 of the text mainly about?
A．The overall framework of the research project
B．The direct cause of the observed phenomenon.
C．The theoretical basis of the possible connection.
D．The methods applied in conducting the research.
44．According to Young, what should follow-up researches focus on?
A．How to reduce depressive symptoms through sports.
B．How to identify the positive impacts of the association.
C．How to prove the link between creativity and depression.
D．How to turn potential mental weaknesses into strengths.
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
Most old, disused airports are usually torn down to make way for shiny new developments, although at huge
cost, but not Tegel airport, in Berlin, Germany. The deserted 580 acres will be turned into an eco-friendly living
neighborhood land, in Tegel Project that officials hope will become the blueprint for future disused airports.
After the airport was closed down a number of years ago, following the building of a newer and modern
version nearby, developers began dreaming up the ambitious 5 million square meter Tegel Project. Those behind the
project hope it will address housing shortages, pollution and other ban living problems. It will provide at least 5,000
homes for more than 10,000 people.
The entire project is all about being energy-efficient: vertical gardens (垂直花园) on apartment blocks, which
is one way to keep buildings cool without costly air conditioning. Every rooftop is also going to be fitted with solar
panels which will provide electricity. Sponge City technology, such as rain gardens, will help the city absorb as
much water as possible.
Although turning an airport into a neighborhood isn’t common, it’s not the first time it’s happened. When
Denver’s main airport moved to a new location, developers made the most out of the old airport and converted the
space into a residential community with important locations like hospitals, schools, and supermarkets easily
reached on foot.Next to the new development in Germany’s former Tegel airport will be a commercial zone. The Urban
Technology Republic is aimed at tech companies that will be encouraged to open offices in the development, as
well as a large city park that will stretch across half of the urban tech space. There will also be a campus for the
Berliner Hochschule fur Technik University. Construction is due to begin in 2023, with the first areas opening by
2027.
45．Why did developers come up with Tegel Project?
A．To make room for city gardens. B．To help solve rural living problems.
C．To reuse Tegel airport in a green way. D．To set a good example for future cities.
46．What can we infer from the text?
A．Tegel Project has proven costly.
B．Vertical gardens are built on the rooftop.
C．A city park will be the center of the Tegel airport.
D．The practice of using old airport has been tried before.
47．What does the underlined word “converted” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Transformed. B．Carried. C．Slid. D．Divided.
48．What is the suitable title for the text?
A．Less Is More B．Trash Can Be Treasure
C．Technology Makes a Difference D．Human and Nature Live in Peace
（2023上·云南昆明·高三统考期中）
A penny saved is a penny earned. And more and more benny-wise young Chinese are abandoning
consumerism by leading an increasingly frugal (节俭的) life by developing anti-consumerism concepts.
According to a survey by JD．com, nearly 50% of respondents would use all means to save money and more
than 30% plan to become deal-hunters to fit in their budgets. More than 80% of Generation Z Chinese spend less
than 5,000 yuan ($737) a month. When shopping, they care the most about practicability, personal preference and
price, instead of brands, popularity and brand spokesmen.
And more than 600,000 users have joined a group named Frenzied Money Savers on Douban, a popular social
media platform, where members share sometimes extreme ideas, tips, books and everything to save hard-earned
money. For instance, some recommended uninstalling shopping apps such as Taobao, Meituan and Pinduoduo and
installing it each time you really need to buy something so as to hold back the urge to spend. And milk tea, coffee
and takeouts are strongly opposed by many.Chinese have long established and valued the saving culture with the country’s household savings rate leading
the world. Young Chinese who are born in a relatively prosperous and abundant society have learned to get rid of
the addiction to consumerism and use money in a more sensible and wiser way, which could help create a more
healthy and upbeat social vibe (社会风气), besides reducing the huge waste and damages to the environment
caused by over consumption.
Just as the American writer Theodore Thornton said, the habit of saving is itself an education. Yet saving is
certainly not the final goal, but spending money where it truly deserves helps realize one’s life objectives. To save
and spend wisely are lessons young people all over the world have to learn.
49．Why are more and more young Chinese becoming benny-wise?
A．They tend to accept consumerism. B．They spend money without hesitation.
C．They are shaped by multiple cultures. D．They are in favor of economical life.
50．What may Generation Z Chinese tare the most when shopping?
A．Budgets and service. B．Practicability and price.
C．Personal preference and brands. D．Shopping apps and platforms.
51．What message does the author want to convey in Paragraph 4?
A．Anti-consumerism is beneficial to social progress.
B．Saving money can be many people’s life objective.
C．Many social issues mainly result from consumerism.
D．Young Chinese are lucky to be born in a prosperous society.
52．What is the text mainly about?
A．There is no increasing need for consumerism.
B．Old virtue of being frugal is still not outdated.
C．Tips on saving money are important for the young.
D．Consumerism has an impact on economic development.
（2023上·云南昆明·高二云南师大附中校联考期中）
In 1931, Americans were suffering through the Great Depression. It was The Good Earth by Pearl Buck that
brought comfort, the top-selling book that year.
Born into a religious workers’ family in 1892, Pearl Buck left the United States and moved to China with her
parents. Her education began at home with her mother teaching her American school things while a Chinese tutor
taught her other subjects, including writings of Confucius. In 1910, she went back to America to study philosophy.
After graduation, she returned to China and married John Lossing Buck, an agriculture expert, eventually settlingdown in a small village in the north of China.
Had it not been for their first child Carol, who had an unusual disease causing her to have trouble learning,
Pearl Buck might never have become a famous writer. The reason was money. She needed it to pay for her
daughter’s care. She recalled why she chose China and its people as the subjects, “If none of you want to write
these wonderful farmers. I will write about them. So, I wrote The Good Earth.”
The Good Earth tells the story of a poor Chinese man named Wang Lung and his wife O-Lan. It recounts how
they work hard and finally make enough money to purchase some land for a farm. They stick to the land even in
times of starvation, themselves begging on the streets. Experiencing ups and downs, Wang finds happiness in
owning land and raising crops. He even forbids his sons to sell the land after his death.
Pearl Buck told her China stories with honesty and Americans were impressed by the new images of the
Chinese totally different from those in Hollywood movies. The book earned Pearl Buck the Pulitzer Prize and was
later adapted into an Oscar-winning movie. In 1938, she became the first American woman to be awarded the
Nobel Prize in Literature.
53．How did Pearl Buck benefit from her education?
A．She thought the best education lay in home.
B．She highly appreciated education in the countryside.
C．She preferred Chinese education to Western education.
D．She gained a lot from a combination of different styles of education.
54．Why did Pearl Buck decide to write books?
A．Some Chinese advised her to do it. B．She was in desperate need of money.
C．She couldn’t bear the boring rural life. D．She desired a good education for her kid.
55．What can we infer from Paragraph 4?
A．Good fortune always favors the characters.
B．Owning land is the lifeline for Chinese farmers.
C．Chinese farmers lead a terribly miserable life.
D．The characters make a fortune by buying and selling land.
56．What is the text mainly about?
A．The moral values of The Good Earth.
B．The fighting spirit of Chinese farmers.
C．A woman writer’s sacrifice to save her ill child.
D．A woman’s great China-themed literary achievements.（2023上·江苏泰州·高三姜堰中学校考期中）
Researchers have claimed a major step forward in the field of organ transplantation after a monkey survived
for more than two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
Scientists have spent decades working out whether animal organs could ever work properly and safely in
humans without them being rejected by the patient’s immune system, but the challenges have proved immense.
For the latest trial, researchers used a gene-editing tool called Crispr to alter genes in Yucatan miniature pigs
before transplanting their kidneys into macaques (猕猴). The modifications altered genes to prevent organ rejection
and remove pig viruses that could potentially be activated in recipients.
Writing in the journal Nature, the scientists describe how 21 monkeys got on after their kidneys were removed
and a single genetically modified pig kidney was implanted. Monkeys typically survived no more than 24 days
when the kidneys were edited to disable three genes that triggered immune rejection. But when the scientists added
seven human genes that reduce blood clotting (结块), inflammation and other immune reactions, the monkeys
survived seven times longer, typically for 176 days. When combined with treatment to restrain the immune system,
the researchers report that one monkey survived for more than two years — 758 days — with the transplanted
organ.
Curtis, the chief executive of eGenesis, said the long-term survival of at least some of the monkeys had put
eGenesis on course to satisfy the US Food and Drug Administration requirement to see at least 12 months’ survival
in animals before the team can launch a clinical trial in humans. “We are well on our way there,” Curtis said.
“There simply aren’t enough kidneys to go around. In our opinion it’s the only near-term practicable solution.”
The team uses Yucatan miniature pigs as donors because at maturity their kidneys are roughly the same size of
those in the adult human. In the monkey trial, the kidneys were transplanted at two to three months when the organs
were much smaller.
Prof Tatsuo Kawai, an author on the study at Harvard Medical School, said the scientists expected the
modified pig organs to perform better in humans than monkeys because “they are a better match”.
57．What do researchers do with the Yucatan miniature pigs?
A．They altered their immune systems. B．They changed their genes to prevent rejection.
C．They used them to produce a gene-editing tool. D．They transplanted their
kidneys into human beings.
58．Which of the following statements is true?
A．The 21 monkeys were implanted with a healthy pig kidney.B．The monkeys usually survived less than 24 days previously.
C．Researchers removed three genes causing immune rejections from the kidneys.
D．Monkeys can survive much longer if their genes are modified property.
59．What’s Curtis’ attitude towards the result of the experiment?
A．Dissatisfied. B．Doubtful. C．Content. D．Indifferent.
60．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Monkey survives for over two years with a genetically engineered pig kidney.
B．A big breakthrough has been made in the field of organ transplantation.
C．Animal organs can work in an effective way in the bodies of human beings.
D．It’s high time to make some adjustments to human immune system.
（2023上·江西宜春·高三江西省丰城中学校考期中）
When it comes to the most famous 20th century painters of the United States, Grandma Moses should be
mentioned, although she did not start painting until she was in her late seventies. As she once said to herself：“I
would never sit back in a rocking chair, waiting for someone to help me.” No one could have had a more active old
age.
She was born on a farm in New York State, one of five boys and five girls. At 12 she left home and was in
domestic service until at 27 she married Thomas Moses, the hired hand of one of her employers. They farmed most
of their lives, first in Virginia and then in New York State, at Eagle Bridge. She had ten children, of whom five
survived; her husband died in 1927.
Grandma Moses painted a little as a child and made embroidery (刺绣) pictures as a hobby, but only changed
to oils in old age because her hands became too stiff (僵硬的) to sew and she still wanted to keep busy and pass the
time. Her pictures were first sold at the local drugstore and at a market and were soon noticed by a businessman
who bought all that she painted. Three of the pictures were exhibited (展览) in the Museum of Modern Art, and in
1940 she had her first exhibition in New York. Between the 1930s and her death, she produced some 2,000 pictures:
careful and lively portrayals of the country life she had known for so long, with a wonderful sense of color and
form. “I think really hard till I think of something really pretty, and then I paint it,” she said.
96．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．An introduction to Moses’s life. B．Moses and her childhood.
C．Moses and her children. D．An introduction to Moses’s marriage.
97．What did Grandma Moses spend most of her life doing?A．Embroidering. B．Farming C．Nursing. D．Painting.
98．The underlined word “portrayals” in the last paragraph means ________.
A．directions B．stages C．surveys D．Descriptions
99．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A．Grandma Moses and Her Exhibition B．Grandma Moses: A Woman Pioneer of 20th Century
C．Grandma Moses and Her Pictures D．Grandma Moses: The Best Painter of 20th Century
