文档内容
专题 02 谓语动词时态、语态和主谓一致的判断
01专题网络·思维脑图
02考情分析·解密高考
03高频考点·以考定法
考点三 主谓一致
考点一 谓语动词时态 考点二 谓语动词被动语
【高考解密】
【高考解密】 态
命题点01 主谓一致的语法
命题点01 谓语动词时态 【高考解密】 一致原则
的一般体 命题点 谓语动词被动语态 命题点02 主谓一致的意义
命题点02 谓语动词时态 基本构成 一致原则
的进行体 【技巧解密】 命题点01 主谓一致的就近
命题点03 谓语动词时态 一致原则
【考向预测】
的完成体 【技巧解密】
【技巧解密】 【考向预测】
【考向预测】
【技巧解密】
【考向预测】
04核心素养·微专题
微专题 搞定谓语动词的时态的4个技巧
05创新好题·分层练高考考题设问
考点 考查内容
核心价值： 2023年 新高考II卷语法填空: I ___65_ wished__
(wish)
高考英语试卷试题取材广泛、体裁多
样，引导学生德智体美劳全面发展， 2023年 北京卷 语法填空: 11. would throw 13. had
加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义 arrived；has established
先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂
2023年 浙江卷语法填空1月: featured
的育人功能。融入中华优秀传统文
化，增强学生的文化自信。如 2023 2022年新高考I卷语法填空: were; is designed
年新高考全国I卷语法填空介绍小笼
2022年新高考II卷语法填空: 42. was fixing 43.
包；又如 2022年新高考全国I卷语法
threw
填空语篇报道中国设立大熊猫保护国
家公园的情况，介绍中国生态文明建 2022年全国甲卷语法填空: has walked
设成就。这些语篇和情境通过讲述中
谓语动 2022年全国乙卷语法填空: addressed
国故事，以浸润的方式引导学生加强
词时态 对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义核心 2022年北京卷语法填空: caught; has;has increased
价值观的认同，增强文化自信，厚植
爱国主义情怀。 2022年浙江卷语法填空1月: is viewed或has been
viewed；are；have promised
学科素养：
2021年新高考I卷语法填空: was
1. 从选材方面来说，近几年的语法填
空选材新颖，紧跟时代脚步和热门话 2021年新高考II卷语法填空: was。
题，体现时代性和立德树人，强调中
国元素，引入传统文化的介绍，融入 2021年全国甲卷语法填空: was built；hired
人与自然和谐发展的观念，引导学生
2021年全国乙卷语法填空: /
德智体美劳全面发展。
2021年北京卷语法填空: connects;has been。
2. 从考查的能力方面来说，在高考试
卷中，语法填空对英语学习的考查是 2021年浙江卷语法填空1月: is considered；was
多方面的，主要从单词的记忆、语法
2021年浙江卷语法填空6月: sold；has proved 或 has
知识的掌握、长难句分析和语言的感
proven；浙江卷was painted
知、推理能力、逻辑判断能力和思维2023年全国甲卷语法填空: be employed
2023年浙江卷语法填空: were permitted
2022年新高考I卷 语法填空: is designed
2022 年浙江卷语法填空: is viewed 或 has been
谓语动 viewed
2021年全国甲卷语法填空: was built
词语态
能力等。从考查的考点角度分析，主 2021 年浙江卷语法填空 : was painted ；is
要考查点包括名词的单复数，代词的 considered
指代，冠词的用法，介词、动词短语
的固定搭配，形容词、副词的变形，
谓语动词的时态语态，动词的非谓语
形式变化，并列连词和复合句的考查
等。
2023年全国乙卷 语法填空: was amazed
2023年北京卷语法填空: has established
2023年浙江卷(1月)语法填空: were permitted
2022年新高考I卷语法填空: were；is designed
2022年新高考II卷 语法填空: was fixing
主谓一致
2022年全国甲卷语法填空: has walked
2022年北京卷语法填空: has increased；has
2022年浙江卷(1月)语法填空: are ；
is viewed或has been viewed
2021年全国甲卷 语法填空: was built
考点一 谓语动词时态
命题点 01 一般体
典例01
（2023·全国乙卷 语法填空）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed toprotect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something
new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
典例02
（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷 语法填空）As a little girl,I 65. (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
典例03
[2021·浙江1月卷]If there are three lines in the store, delays ______（happen）randomly at different registers.
命题点 02 进行体
典例01
(2022年全国高考新高考II卷语法填空) Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked
up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
命题点 03 完成体
典例01
【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years， Cao ______ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
典例02
（2022年浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics — many of
the climate scientists ________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
典例03
【2020·海南卷】They enjoyed hearing about all the forbidden fruit I ________（collect）.一般体
进行体完成体
一、时态概述
英语中动词的时态主要由动词的不同形式来表示。《普通高中英语课程标准(2022)》要求学习和掌握的时
态有10种。现以动词do为例展示这10种时态的形式:
动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)
时 体 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般体 do / does did shall/will do should/would do
shall/will be doing[来
进行体 am/is/are doing was/were doing should/would be doing
源:学。科。网]
完成体 have/has done had done shall/will have done should/would have done
have/has been shall/will have been should/would have been
完成进行体 had been doing
doing doing doing[来源:Z.xx.k.Com]
一 、一般体
所谓一般体，表示既不“进行”，又没“完成”。一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、
过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态；一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经
常发生的动作或存在的状态；
一、一般现在时
1．一般现在时的构成
(1)一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示，如果主语为第三人称单数，则一般在动词原形后加s或es，其
变化规则如下表所示：情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加s want→wants, rise→rises
wash→washes,
以s, sh, ch, x，o, z结尾的动词 加es discuss→discusses
teach→teaches
carry→carries
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i加es
study→studies, fly→flies
(2)be的变化：am, is, are。
(3)have的变化：has (第三人称单数)。
2．一般现在时的用法
(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。
①Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常
与表频率的时间状语连用。
②These oranges taste good. 这些桔子味道很好。
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时，如see, hear, smell, taste, feel,
notice, agree, believe, like, hate, want, think, belong to, seem等。
③All the students here belong to No. 1 Middle School. 这里所有的学生都是第一中学的。
二、一般过去时
1．一般过去时的构成
(1)一般过去时用动词的过去式构成，其规则动词变化方法如下表所示：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加ed pack→packed
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为i加ed carry→carried
plan→planned
以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的 occur-occurred; refer-
双写辅音字母加ed
重读闭音节动词 referred; prefer-preferred;
infer-inferred
like→liked
以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加d
provide→provided
(2) was用于第一、三人称单数，were用于其他人称。
[注意] 以元音字母加y结尾的动词，直接加ed。如play→played; enjoy-enjoyed。2．一般过去时的用法
(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去的具体时间状语连用(或有上下
文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯。
①When he was young, he took cold baths regularly. 他年轻的时候经常洗冷水澡。
(2) 如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但主句中的谓语动词仍用过去
时。
三、一般将来时
1．一般将来时的构成
(1) will/shall＋动词原形
(2) is/am/are going to＋动词原形
(3) is/am/are about to＋动词原形
(4) is/am/are to＋动词原形
(5) is/am/are due to＋动词原形
2．一般将来时的用法
(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall＋动词原形，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next
week等。
(3) 表示趋向行为的动词，即表示动作转换的终止性动词，如 come, go, start, begin, leave等词，常用进行时
的形式表示将来时；事物名词meeting, concert, train等作主语时，要用一般现在时表示将来。
The students are leaving on Sunday. 学生们周日走。
(3)一般将来时的其他表达方式be going to do, be to do, be about to do的用法及区别：
a．be going to do在口语中常用来表示已经决定或安排要做某事、必然或很可能发生某事，也可用来表示自
然现象。
The shop is going to open on October 1st. 商店将在十月一日开门(营业)。
b．be to do表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。
A meeting is to be held at 3：00 o'clock this afternoon. 今天下午3点开会。
c．be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
⑥Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收就要开始了。
[注意] be going to do表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某
种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。be going to do表将来，不能用在含有
条件状语从句的主句中；而will do则能，表意愿。
If it is fine， we'll go fishing.[√]If it is fine， we are going to go fishing.[×]
如果天气好，我们去钓鱼。
四、过去将来时
1．过去将来时的构成
(1)should/would＋动词原形
(2)was/were going to＋动词原形
(3)was/were about to＋动词原形
(4)was/were to＋动词原形
2．过去将来时的用法
(1)从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。
He said he would be here at eight o'clock.
他说他将在8点到这里。
(2)过去本打算做而未做的事情。
过去进行时表过去将来
was/were＋现在分词
We were to tell you, but you were not in.
我们本来想告诉你的，但是你不在家。
[注意] (1)过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。
(2)某些表示起止或转移的动词，常用过去进行时表示过去将来时。
He told me he was leaving in an hour.
他告诉我他计划一个小时后离开。
二、 进行体
1．进行体的构成
(1)考纲对进行体所要求掌握的时态包括：现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时。它们的形式分别为：
现在进行时 am/is/are＋现在分词
过去进行时 was/were＋现在分词
将来进行时 will/shall＋be＋现在分词
(2)现在分词的构成形式：
情况 规则 例词
一般情况 加ing try→tryingregret→regretting
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节
双写辅音字母加ing ban→banning
动词
hate→hating
以不发音的e结尾的动词 去掉e，加ing
date→dating
2．进行体的用法
用法 例句
I didn't really work there; I was just helping
表示某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状 out until the new secretary arrived.
态，具有暂时性和未完成性的特点 我并不在那里上班，我只是去帮忙。新秘书
来了，我就离开了。(暂时性)
表示某阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情， We are making model planes these days.
常与 these/those days, this/that week 等时间 这些天我们在做飞机模型。(此时此刻不一定
状语连用 在做)
表示赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always,
He is always thinking of others first.
continually, constantly, forever, all the time
他总是先想到他人。
等连用
有些动词的进行体可以表示将来(见一般将来时的用法)
3．有些动词不用于进行体，常见的有
感官类：look, smell, sound, taste, see, hear
情感类：like, love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore
心态类：wish, hope, want, need, believe, understand, remember, forget, agree, know
状态类：appear, lie (位于), remain, belong to, have
三 、完成体
一、完成体的构成考纲对完成体所要求掌握的时态包括：现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时。它们的形式分别为：
现在完成时：have/has＋过去分词
过去完成时：had＋过去分词
将来完成时：will have＋过去分词
二、完成体的用法
1．现在完成时
(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束。现在完成时常与 up to now, so far,
already, yet, recently, in the past few years, just等表示时间的词(短语)，或since引导的状语从句(从句中
使用一般过去时)，或for＋一段时间，或since＋时间点连用。
①His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month.
他的第一本小说自从上个月出版以来就很受欢迎。
[注意] 非延续性动词leave， arrive， come， go， return， join， die， buy， borrow等的完成时，
在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段，since＋时间点或how long等状语连用，要转化为相应的延续性动词
才能与一段时间连用。但其否定式可与这类时间状语连用。试比较：
[误]I have bought the computer for a year.
[正]I have kept the computer for a year.
这台电脑我买了有一年了。
(2)表示过去发生或完成的某个动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，强调的是这个影响或结果，常与
yet, already, just, before, lately等时间状语连用。
②I have just turned off the light.
我刚刚把灯关了。
③I have already read the book.
我已读过这本书了。
(3)用于时间、条件状语从句中，表示将来要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。(用来代替将来
完成时)
④—When shall we restart our business?
—Not until we have finished our plan.
——什么时候我们重新开始我们的事业？
——直到我们已完成我们的计划。
(4)用于现在完成时的固定句型：
a．在“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time＋that从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用现在
完成时。
⑤This is the first time that we have seen a film in the cinema together as a family.
这是我们第一次作为一家人在电影院看电影。b．在“It/This is the best/worst/most＋adj.＋名词＋从句”中，从句中的谓语用现在完成时。
⑥It is the most instructive lecture that I have attended since I came to this school.
这是我到这个学校以来听过的最有教育意义的演讲。
2．过去完成时
(1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成的动作，时间定位是“过去的过去”。句中一般有明
确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)，如by, by the end of, by the time, until, when, before等引出的表
示过去的时间状语(从句)。但有时需要通过上下文来判断。
①By nine o'clock last night, we had finished most of the work.
到昨晚9点钟，我们已完成了大部分工作。
(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态，或用在宾语从句(或间接引语)
中，这时从句谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作(过去时)之前。
②I had been at the bus stop for 30 minutes when a bus finally came.
当公共汽车终于来的时候，我已在车站等了30分钟。
(3)某些动词用于过去完成时，表示过去未曾实现的想法，意为“本来期望/认为/打算……”。这类动词
主要有：expect, hope, plan, suppose, think, intend, mean, want等。
③I had meant to help you, but I was too busy at the moment.
我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。
(4)常用于过去完成时的固定句型：
a．在hardly/scarcely ... when ...，no sooner ... than ... 句型结构中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过
去时。意思为“一……就……”。
④Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
我一到家就开始下雨。
b．It was＋一段时间＋since从句。since从句用过去完成时。
⑤It was at least three months since I had left Beijing.
我离开北京至少有三个月了。
c．It was the first/second/ ... time＋(that)从句。从句用过去完成时。
⑥It was the first time that I had chatted online in English.
这是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。
d．By the time ... (表示过去时间的句子)＋主句(过去完成时)。
⑦By the time he was ten, Tom had built a chemistry lab himself.
到十岁的时候，汤姆已经自己建了一个化学实验室。
3．将来完成时
将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的状态。经常与 before＋将来时
间或by＋将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。On her next birthday，Ann will have been married for twenty years.
到下次生日时，安将已结婚20年了。
考向01 考查一般体
1.（广东省执信中学2023-2024学年高三试题）He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How heavy
do you think this glass of water is?” The students’ answers (range) from 20g to 500g.
2.（重庆市渝北中学校 2023-2024学年高三试题）Last week, our school ___ (hold) a basketball match
against another school.
考向02 考查进行体
1．(2023·福建省泉州市高三质量检测)Now, a Seattlebased company ________ (work) to bring equally deep
analysis to the trillions of proteins within our bodies.
2.(2023·河北省秦皇岛市高三检测)I forced myself to step forward and immediately stumbled over a toy and the
boy who ________ (play) with it.
考向03 考查完成体
1.（湖南省岳阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）But locals say the demand for their paintings_______
(decline) in the past two pandemic-struck years.
2. （2024届广东省四校高三第一次联考试题）So far, Shandong (launch) many cultural tourism
projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River to boost the high-quality
development of the region.
考点二 谓语动词的被动语态
命题点01 被动语态基本形式
典例01
(2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next
year. The GPNP ___ __ ___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (完
整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,and leaving behindprecious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
典例02
（2022年浙江卷1月）Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
命题点02 被动语态与主谓一致考点融合
1.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
2.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 The parts of a museum open to the public 40. (call) galleries or
rooms.
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be+动词过去分词”构成。一般来说,只有及物
动词才有被动语态。助动词be有人称、数、时态的变化。
高中毕业生掌握以下七种时态的被动语态(以do为例):时
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
体
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
is / am / are was / were being
进行
being done done
have / has been will / shall have would / should have been
完成 had been done
done been done done
温馨提示
含有情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词+be+过去分词。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.
必须保证每天八小时的睡眠。
二、使用被动语态的主要情况
1.不知道或没必要指明动作的执行者时。
例句A meeting will be held in the office at 8:00 am tomorrow.
明天上午八点将在办公室召开一个会议。
2.强调或突出动作的承受者时。
例句The woman was taken to hospital. 那位女士被送到了医院。
3.动作的执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时。
例句The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.
想挣许多钱的人支持那个想法。
三、主动与被动的转换
一个句子宾语变主语的过程就是主动变被动的过程。
1.主语+谓语+宾语→被动句2.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语→被动句
1)give,send,take,bring等常带有两个宾语,变为被动语态时,可将其中任何一个宾语改成主语,另一个保留不动。
在这种转化过程中,如果直接宾语成为被动句的主语,被保留的间接宾语前通常加to。
例句
主动:The villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 村民们给予了外国宾客热烈的欢迎。
被动1:The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.
被动2:A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.
2)buy,make,find,get等在被动语态中被保留的间接宾语前通常加
for。此时for不可省略,而且在这种结构中,间接宾语不可作主语。
例句主动:I bought my wife a dress.我给我妻子买了一件连衣裙。
被动:A dress was bought for my wife by me.
My wife was bought a dress by me.(×)
3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补→被动句
1)该结构变为被动句时,主动句中的宾语变为主语,宾语补足语变为主语补足语,原主语常省略。
例句
We call this kind of flower carnation.
我们称这种花为康乃馨。
→This kind of flower is called carnation (by us).
2)带有形式宾语it的句子也可变成被动句。
例句We consider it wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.
我们认为责骂犯错误的孩子是不对的。
→It is considered wrong to shout at children who make mistakes (by us).
3)省略to的不定式作宾语补足语在变为被动句时要加上to。
例句I heard her move around in her upstairs room last night.
昨晚我听到她在楼上的房间里走动。→She was heard to move around in her upstairs room last night (by me).
四、主动形式表被动意义
（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词 feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主
系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。
（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；
（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意
思时；
（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。
（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。
（6）在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。
另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。
五被动语态与系表结构的区别
1.被动语态表动作,系表结构表状态。
例句The window was broken by a little boy. 窗户是被一个小男孩打破的。(窗户被打破)
The window was broken. 窗户破了。(窗户处于破损的状态)
2.系表结构中过去分词可用 very,quite,rather,too,so,more,most 等词修饰,被动结构中过去分词可用
greatly,much等词修饰。
例句I'm quite satisfied with your work.我对你的工作相当满意。
We were greatly moved by what the little boy did. 我们被那个小男孩的行为极大地感动了。
考向01 被动语态的基本形式
1.（2023年山东省实验中学高三模拟试题）The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation,
talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes (hide) in the baofu, or “package”.
2.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三试题）The Imperial Resort (list) in the directory of the
world’s cultural heritages in 1994.
考向02 被动语态与主谓一致考点融合
1.（2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三试题）A number of short films (upload) to date in
Jiangsu Province and Fuzhou.2.（湖北省新高考部分学校2023年高三质检试题）After the medal ceremony, the new Olympic champion
(invite) to a press conference room to speak to the media.
考点二 主谓一致
命题点01 主谓一致的语法一致原则
典例01
(2022年全国高考新高考 I卷语法填空) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
____ ___ _ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority to increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
典例02
（2022年北京卷）This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ________ (have)
no recognizable smell.
典例03
（2021 新高考 I 卷）What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it
_________ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
命题点02 主谓一致的意义一致原则
典例01
（2020新高考）Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection _________ (be) on display. Most of it is stored
away or used for research.
命题点03 主谓一致的就近一致原则
典例01
（2021北京卷）There _________ (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
years, caused largely by rising global temperatures, according to a new report from the United Nations.一 语法一致原则
(1) 可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数做主语时谓语动词用复数。
(2) 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个
句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
I, who am your teacher, will do my best to help you.
我是你的老师，我会尽全力帮助你的。
注意：“one of+复数名词+who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，若关系代词在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词
常用复数形式。若one前有the (only/very/right)修饰时，从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。
He was one of the students who were given a prize.
他是那些获奖的学生之一。
He was the only one of the students who was given a prize.
他是那些学生中唯一一个获奖的学生。
(3) 单个动名词、不定式、名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数
概念时，谓语动词用复数。
Whoever wants to join in the competition is asked to sign his name here.
要参加比赛的人请在这里签名。
二．就近/就远原则(1) 就近原则：由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主
语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。在 There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几
个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music of this kind.
不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。
(4) 就远原则：当主语后面接由as well as, with, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no
less than, rather than, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要与前面的主语保持一致。
The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.
那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。
三．意义一致原则
(1) “分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数及其表示的
意义；all,some, some ,half,most,the rest,lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of,enough等修饰的名词作主语
时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。
(2) 集体名词作主语时，若强调整体，则谓语动词用单数；若强调个体，则谓语动词用复数。如:family,
class, team,group, public, committee, government, audience等。
(3) 倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致。
On either side were rows of fruit trees.
(4) and连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物
时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
(5)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单
数。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
(6) “a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名
词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.
这个周末许多学生打算去野炊。
The number of days in February this year is 28.
今年二月份的天数是二十八天。
(7) 成双成对的名词 如：trousers,pants,jeans,glasses,shorts,chopsticks,slippers,scissors,shoes,gloves 等被
the，my等修饰作主语，谓语动词用复数。若此类名词前有a/the pair of修饰，则与pair保持一致。
对比: Your glasses are on your nose.
This pair of glasses is mine.
[注意]（1）people， cattle， police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(2) 单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视
其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution.
为了防止大气污染，每一种方法都试过了。
(8)由“kind/form/type/sort/species/series+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于这些词的单复
数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。
All kinds of difficulties have to be overcome.
必须克服各种各样的困难。
(9) “the +形容词/过去分词”表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；如“the +形容词/过去分词”指一个人
或表示一种抽象概念或品质时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The wounded were saved by the villagers at last.最后，伤员们被村民们救起。
The wounded in the accident was a policeman.这次事故的受伤者是一名警察。
（10）有些以s结尾的表示学科名称的词，如physics, mathematics, economics, politics等，以及用作书
名，地名，国名，地区的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
（11）表示距离，长度，价值，金额，重量等的复数名词作主语时，如作为一个整体来看待时，谓语动词
通常用单数。
Thirty kilometers is a quite long distance.三十公里是相当长的一段距离。考向01 语法一致原则
1.（2023·浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟联考）Even the Changjiang-1000A engine, a domestic alternative,
________ (have) many imported parts.
2.（2023·广西南宁市高三下学期 5月模拟）He says that watching TV series __________ (help) teenagers
forget about the pressures of exams and homework, and the troubles which fill the world today.
考向02 意义一致原则和就近一致原则
1. (河南省名校联盟 2022-2023 学年高二上学期开学考英语试题) Both ____47____ (be) important for
children’s growth, but many families are finding less time for unstructured play. As homework, clubs and groups
and screens are competing for our kids’ time, unstructured fun is left out in the cold.
2.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has
lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ______ (build) in 1963.
考向03 特殊句式和定语从句中的主谓一致
1.【2023届湖南省岳阳市平江县高三下学期教学质量监测（三）】 You need to sketch (素描) the piece on
paper, which requires drawing skills. Next 6 (come) weaving, shaping and preserving of the work.
2.【22023届天一大联考广东省高三年级模拟考试（三）】The China Consumers Association reported that on
March 14. It is the second time in a row that Suzhou 12 ( top) the ranking.
3. 【2023 届辽宁省沈阳市第二中学高三下学期模拟考试】Videos on sites such as Xiaohongshu show
thousands of people traveling to the city to try its local barbecue, which they say 54 (wrap) in a pancake
and has a “distinct taste”.
各种时态经常搭配的时间状语和固定句型
搞定谓语动词的时态的4个技巧
技巧1 时间状语判断法
在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，可根据所给时间状语来确定对应时态：(1)一般现在时：sometimes、every week/day/year/morning等；
(2)一般过去时：yesterday、last week/night/year/month、the other day、in＋过去的年份、时
间段＋ago、时间段＋later等；
(3)现在进行时：look、listen、now、at present、at this moment/time等；
(4)过去进行时：at that time/moment等；
(5)一般将来时：tomorrow、next week/year、in＋时间段、in the future等；
(6)将来进行时：at six/this time tomorrow等；
(7)现在完成时：since＋时间点、recently、lately、already、so far、ever since、up to/until/by
now、during/over/in the last/past＋时间段、in/over recent＋时间段等；
(8)过去完成时：by then、until then、by/before/till the end of＋过去的时间点等。
1. (2022·浙江卷 1 月)But Cobb and others _______(be) now questioning that idea—pushing
conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely and changing their personal
behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis.
2. (2022·贵阳高考全真模拟)Since then, all government units, organizations and streets
communities _____________________________ (organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who
have retired from their posts.
技巧2 并列关系法
(1)表示并列的连词有and、but、or、rather than、neither...nor...、not only...but also...等；
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
1. (2022·黑龙江高三4月百校联合测评)And ineffective tilling means some seeds won't take
and yield (产量) ____________(drop).
3．(2022·四川县级重点高中协作体模拟)In an interview with TOBI AWODIPE, she
_________(talk) about how Guinness Nigeria was driving diversity and gender equality.
技巧3 语境暗示法
分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，但没有标志性的时间状语且其他参照物都不明显，通过
正确理解语境即通过语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。
(2022·景德镇5月高考模拟)It all ____________(begin) in the Eixample District of Barcelona
when five families were looking for a safe and environmentally friendly way to get to
school.
技巧4 固定句型判断法(1)be doing...when...
(2)This/It/That is＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用现在完成时；
(3)This/It/That was＋the＋序数词＋time＋(that)从句，从句用过去完成时；
(4)It is/has been＋时间段＋since sb./sth. did...
(5)by the time＋sb./sth. did...，主语＋had done...
(6)no sooner/hardly had sb. done sth.than/when sb./sth. did...
(7)It's (high) time that sb. did/should do sth.
1. (2022·安庆检测)That was the first time I ______________ (experience) sandstorms and I don't ever
want to be in one again.
2．(2022·兰州模拟)Therefore, it is high time that we ________________ (take) effective measures to
improve the current situation.
1.（江苏省南通市海门区2023年高三试题）His academic achievements are far too numerous to list, but he won
the Nobel Prize in Literature, discovered Russell’s paradox leading to new thinking in logic and set theory, and
_____________(recognize) as one of the founders of modem analytical philosophy.
2.（辽宁师范大学附中2023年高三试题）From 2015 to 2019, it (take) only four years for this great
project (complete) , which demonstrates the amazing “Chinese speed”.
3.（浙江省金丽衢十二校2023年高三试题） During the live broadcast of the opening match between Qatar
and Ecuador, a teenage boy in the audience wearing a kaffiyeh (头巾), a traditional headdress for men in Qatar,
(grab) people’s attention by making dramatic facial expressions showing his unhappiness about his team’s
performance — The Qatari team ultimately lost the match.
4. （2023届重庆市七校高三三诊考试英语试题） “I found a way to channel that curiosity into science and
that soon blossomed into engineering.And then from there I really (learn) that I could use engineering to
help people, ” Walker told ABC News. “And so I just became super interested in creating devices that could help
disadvantaged communities and people going through difficult problems.”
5.（福建省泉州市2023年高三试题）Although (refer) to as Beijing Opera, it originated from
Southern Anhui.6.（2023年河北省衡水市第二中学高三试题）In 1982, Mount Tai was designated as the National Park of China
and it (list) formally in the directory of the World Natural and Cultural Heritage in 1987. It becomes a
precious heritage of human beings.
7. （2023届河北省衡水市二中高三模拟试题）As a mountainous scenic spot, Mount Tai has a high value in
terms of aesthetics( 美学) and science, especially the aesthetic value, which (be) the foundation for
Mount Tai to become a famous mountain in the history and an unparalleled heritage today.
8.（2023届湖北省黄冈中学高三5月第二次模拟考试英语试题）According to a recent report archaeologists
(restore) more than 140 Terracotta Warriors. They discovered that the arms of these figures were created separately
and then attached to the bodies and covered in a layer of fine clay.
9.（2023年人大附中高三试题）They were fixed on an iron plate with frames in a certain sequence. Then ink
was painted and a piece of paper was laid down. A printed sheet (create) this way.
10.（广东省广州执信中学 2023年高三开学试题）He raised a glass of water and asked the audience, “How
heavy do you think this glass of water is?” The students’ answers (range) from 20g to 500g.
11.（湖北省新高考联考2023年高三试题）Tang Hongbo, who (select) as one of the candidates in
2010, is flying in space for the first time.
12.（江苏省前黄高级中学2023年高三试题）Today, Sunzi Bingfa (study) in military academies and
business schools around the world, and it continues to guide us in various aspects of our lives.
13.（2023年浙江省金华市高三英语试题） Over decades, people (fascinate) with exploring secret
differences between male and female brains.
14.（北京市门头沟区2023年高三测试） The main goal of the construction of the space station (be)
to enable China to carry out long-term manned scientific experiments in near-Earth space. The space station will be
built as China’s main platform for space science research.
15.（湖北省腾云联盟2023年高三联考试题）Shanghai’s past and present meet in Xintiandi. Just twenty years
ago, Xintiandi was a crowded old community of houses known as shikumen, which means “stone gate.” Shanghai’s
first shikumen (build) in the mid-nineteenth century to accommodate thousands of refugees.
16.【2023届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期高考考前模拟】If you’re visiting Hangzhou, the one place you
absolutely cannot miss is the West Lake. It 71 (locate) southwest of the city.
17.【2023届江西省师范大学附属中学三模】The game 84 (begin) in 7th-century China. In the 1960s,
children in the West adopted the game.
18.【2023届江西省师范大学附属中学三模】If the moves 90 (complete) successfully, then the ropeis moved farther up and the series is repeated.
19.【2023届山东省实验中学高三二模】Pierre Coubertin, a French man, 93 (found) the International
Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894.
20.【2023届重庆市第八中学校高三下学期高考考前模拟】 78 (make) sure to indulge yourself with a
lakeside sunset before you leave.
21.【2023年河南省部分名校高三5月底联考】Chinatown is a district within larger cities which 1
(hold) a significant Chinese population. Many major cities around the world have a Chinatown, including New
York, London, and San Francisco.
22.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三 5月适应性考试】Behind Zibo’s sudden fame 17
(be) the efforts and services of the local government, as well as a good reputation of local businesses, 18
receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.
23.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三5月适应性考试】Netizens joke that the high-speed trains
20 (pack) with visiting tourists and that the air onboard is filled with cumin.
24.【2023届山东省日照市高三下学期三模】During the May Day holiday, numerous messages of people
looking for dazi, or activity partners for traveling, 21 (post) on the social media platform Xiaohongshu.
25.【2023届浙江省北斗星盟高三下学期5月联考】Last November, traditional tea processing techniques and
associated social practices in China 38 (add) to the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible
Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
26.【2023届山东省日照市高三下学期三模】In addition to the 27 (share) interests, another major
advantage of dazi compared to normal relationships 28 (be) its simplicity, some dazi are only temporary,
but even longer-lasting ones are cast in the same mould (模式), where the topics discussed tend to be focused and
relaxed.
27.【2023届浙江省北斗星盟高三下学期5月联考】“The tea culture not only reflects a refined taste in life, it
also shows the beauty of craftsmanship 39 people’s creativity,” says Zheng Yi, deputy head of Anhui Tea
Culture Research Society. “For centuries, the scent of tea leaves 40 (offer) nutrition to this land.
28.【2023届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】Since January, with the 41 ( popular) of social
media and short videos, using new media platforms as a means of advertising their tourism sectors among Chinese
grassroots officials 42 (become) a popular social media trend in China.
29.【2023届四川省成都市石室中学高三高考冲刺卷】However, these accusations were short-lived because it
was soon made clear that all recording and post processing 47 (do) only by Du and her co-workers with nogovernment expense involved.
30.【2023届浙江省重点中学拔尖学生培养联盟高三5月】 He said his province “will become a cultural center
in Europe in the next ten months, 59 it is the first time that the Chinese Terracotta Warriors 60
(exhibit) abroad since the (COVID-19)pandemic.”
