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考向 05 数词
【命题解读】
高考对数词的考查常常出现在听力、完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。数词部分主要考查：
①基数词的用法
②序数词的用法
③倍数的表示方法
【命题预测】
听力理解对数词的考查主要集中在对各种号码、序列等表述。语法填空对名词数词的考查仍然会成为高考
的重点，主要集中在给出词根进行词类转化，根据习惯用法或固定短语确定名词的复数形式等。
【名师指导】
1. 注意数词的基本拼写方法
从近年高考试题看，高考语法填空对数词的考查离不开具体的语境，在语境中考查数词的相关知识。做题
时，既要全面、整体地看题干，还要注意分析句子成分，并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常，涉及名
词考点的试题包括：
（1）根据语境判断名词的单复数；
（2）提示词是形容词、动词等此类，根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词；
（3）名词的固定搭配；
（4）名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识
2. 关注常见的号码及序列等的表述
语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识，解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点，试题是考查名
词的词类转换，还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格，还是考查主谓一致、名词的固定搭配等，确定了考点之后，
再结合其他相关知识来做出正确解答。
3. 熟悉各种比较级倍数的表达方式
高考对名词的考查注重基础，我们在平时的复习中要打好基础，掌握足够的考纲词汇，并熟知其常见搭配
和用法，并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。
考向一 可数名词的复数
(1)规则变化
情况 方法 例词
一般情况 加－s students，teachers，doc tors，tables
glasses，dishes，boxes，watches 但
以s，x，ch，sh结尾 加－es stomach 复 数 形 式 直 接 加 s ， 即
stomachs以辅音字母＋y结尾 变y为i再加－es families，babies，armies，bodies
以元音字母＋y结尾 加－s boys，toys，pianos，photos
大都变f或fe为v，再加 thieves，wives，knives，shelves，
以f或fe结尾 －es lives
少数加－s beliefs，proofs，roofs，chiefs
通常加－s radios，videos，zoos，tobaccos
以o结尾
有的加－es heroes，potatoes，tomatoes
【名师点睛】
①以－o结尾的下列名词要加－es，它们是＂黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿＂，即Negroes，heroes，
echoes，
potatoes，tomatoes。
但下列以－o结尾的名词既可以加－es，也可以加－s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)
蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。
②以－f或－fe结尾的下列名词需要把f或fe去掉，加－ves，它们是＂为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手
里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半＂，即 selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，
shelves，
wolves，halves。
但下列以－f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加－ves，也可以直接加－s，如：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕。
③名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man 或woman和后面的名词都要变成复数。如：woman
doctor→women doctors
(2)不规则变化
①自身有特殊变化的名词
child孩子→children man男人→men tooth牙→teeth
foot脚，英尺→feet mouse老鼠→mice phenomenon现象→phenomena
medium传播媒介→media
②常见单复数同形的名词：
Chinese 中国人；sheep 绵羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工厂；fish 鱼；fruit 水果等。
其中fish，fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。
☞Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.
☞Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.
③合成名词的复数形式：
son-in-law → sons-in-law passer-by → passers-by story-teller → story-tellers
【名师点睛】名词+名词时，仅将后面的名词变复数：girl student → girl students 但是man/woman+名词时，前后都要变为
复数：
woman singer → women singers
【典例示例】
1. （2019 • 江苏卷高考）Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先
权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
2.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives
in many ways.
A. statement B. impact
C. impression D. judgment
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。
statement＂陈述说明＂； impact＂强烈的影响，冲击力＂； impression＂印象，感想＂； judgement
＂判断力判断＂。故选B。
3.（2018·全国新课标卷 I·语法填空）Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
6 6that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths
from all 6 7 (cause).
【答案】causes
【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据
句意用复数形式。故填causes。
4. （2018·全国新课标卷I·短文改错）Last winter when I went here（改为there） again, they had a big separate
house to raise dozens of chicken.
【答案】chicken改为chickens
【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅，还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的 dozens of可知，其后用名
词复数形式。
5. （2018·全国新课标卷Ⅱ·短文改错）After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.
【答案】sort改为sorts
【解析】sort在此意为＂种类＂，是可数名词，和all搭配时用复数形式。故将sort改为sorts.
6. （2017·全国新课标卷I·语法填空）This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） a sa method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and
heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
【答案】effects
【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是＂一些不为人知的副作用＂，根据前文的some可知＂
side effect＂(副作用)有很多，故填effects。
【检测过关】
1. It was reported that two ________ had died of cold last winter.
A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people
C. hundreds of old people D. hundred of old people
2. ___________of the boys in our class ___________going to join the army.
A. Two fifths; is B. Second fifths; are
C. Second fifths; is D. Two fifths; are
3. It is not rare in that people fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s; the B. the 90s; / C. 90s; their D. the 90s; their
4. On the double 11th day, my uncle’s online store has successfully sold _____ shoes as last year, that is, it can hardly
make ______ progress.
A. as many twice; worse B. as many twice; bad
C. twice as many; good D. twice as many; better
5. Light-to-moderate smokers were ________ to die of sudden heart problems than those who had never smoked.
A. as twice likely B. twice more possible
C. twice more likely D. as twice possible
6. It’s said that the power plant is now________large as what it was.
A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice
7. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ________ the present one.
A. three times as big as B. as three times big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
8. _______ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.
A. Several million B. Many millions
C. Several millions D. Many million
9. With prices rising sharply, we now have to spend _______ three months ago on basic living materials.
A. as twice much as B. twice as much asC. twice as more than D. twice as many as
10. Good news! We didn’t spend we had expected.
A. as half much money as B. much money as half as
C. as much money as half D. half as much money as
11. We Chinese are drinking ______ milk per person today as we did in 1995.
A. more than twice B. twice as much
C. twice as many as D. twice as much as
12. –What do you think of Obama’s address to the nation?
--I like ___of what he said. Personally, It’ s a success.
A. many B. few C. much D. little
13. .
They want to employ 90 people, __________last year.
A. three times as many as B. more than three times
C. as three times as D. three times that they did
14. There are_____things more important to society than educating children and providing healthcare to families.
A. few B. a few C. more D. many
15. Christchurch is New Zealand’s______city after Auckland.
A. second large B. second larger C. second largest D. the second large
16. Much to his surprise，he invited only twenty friends to the dinner，but____ came.
A. twice as many as B. as many as twice C. twice as many D. twice more than
17. Our city has developed into a big city, which is______it used to be.
A. four times larger than that B. four times the size of what
C. four times the size larger than what D. as four times the size as that
18. Last year John earned _______ his brother did, who has a better position in a bigger company.
A. twice as many as B. twice as much as
C. twice as more as D. twice much as
19. About 5,000 men and women competed for medals in ________ 21st Winter Olympic Games.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
20. The number of traffic accidents caused by drinking is _____ as the number of those caused by non-drinking driving.
A. twice as many B. many as twice C. as twice large D. twice as large
21. The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all. As a matter of fact, I would gladly have paid ______ for it.
A. as much twice B. much as twiceC. as twice much D. twice as much
22. The new playground to be built next year will be ____________ the old one.
A. as three times big as B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times D. as big three times as
23. There was ________ rain last year .
A. a lot B. a number of C. a great deal of D. a great many
24. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ________ cars in 2009 as the year before.
A. as twice more B. as many twice
C. more than twice as many D. twice more than as
25. There are ________ books in our library.
A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. five hundreds D. five hundred of
26. I spent 300 dollars on the overcoat, but in fact it was worth ______.
A. twice as much B. twice much as C. much as twice D. as much twice
27. The phenomenon that the earth is becoming warmer has attracted ________ attention.
A. a huge number of B. a large sum of
C. a great deal of D. a great many
28. With the help of the foreign experts, this factory produced ________cars parts in 2006 as the year before.
A. As twice many B. as many as twice C. as twice as many D. twice as many
29. Paper bags produced every year are _______ the world’s production of vehicles.
A. three time weight of B. as three times heavy as
C. three times the weight of D. three times as heavier as
30. In the UK, people consume ________ meat products such as chicken, beef, pork and lamb.
A. a large amount of B. a plenty of C. a large quantity D. quantities of
31. Asia, in the east of the world, is four times Europe.
A. Locating...as large as B. located...the size of
C. locating...larger than D. located ...as larger than
32. Lily’s dress looked just the same as Rose’s, but it cost_________hers.
A. as twice much as B. as much as twice as
C. twice as much as D. as much twice as
33. _______ the teachers who paid a visit to our school this year was smaller than that of last year.
A. The number of B. A number of C. A great deal of D. Plenty of
34. —David, how old is your father this year?—______. And we just had a special party for his _____ birthday last weekend.
A. Fortieth; forty B. Forty; forty C. Forty; fortieth D. Fortieth; fortieth
35. The output of this year is three times ______ it was in 2015.
A. as B. than C. what D. that
36. That multinational company is adopting an aggressive expanding strategy, and so far it has recruited ________ in the
year of 2015 as they did two years ago.
A. three times as many new employees B. three times many new employees
C. three times as many as new employees D. three times more new employees than
37. Even before QE2 (Queen Elizabeth the Second), the Fed had $2.3 trillion worth of property on that list, two and a
half times ________ owned before the financial crisis.
A. as it B. what it
C. what is D. as is
38. It is said that the railway station is now _________ large as what it was.
A. twice as B. as twice C. twice much D. much twice
39. My sister has collected maps for three years. She has maps of different countries.
A. a little B. plenty of C. a few
40. India is a country with___________people.
A. the number of B. few C. a few D. a number of
41. More than___________people are crazy about the famous TV show Running Man.
A. thousands of B. 80 thousand C. 80 thousand of D. 80 thousands
42. _________people prefer HUAWEI phones, and about _______of them are adults.
A. The number of; four-fifths B. A number of; four-fifth
C. A number of; four-fifths D. The number of; four-five
43. When the recorded data of the scandal about the president was collected, the length of tapes was ___________ the
Atlantic Ocean.
A. as deep as 35 times B. as 35 times deep as
C. 35 times the depth of D. 35 times the depth as
44. A recent survey shows that only a ________ of the children do some reading every day, while
most of them prefer playing games.
A. Few B. little C. minority D. majority
45. of the students in our class going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.
A. Two fifths, is B. Second fifths, are C. Second fifths, is D. Two fifths, are
