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考向 16 主谓一致
高考主谓一致的知识结构
一致原则 考点详解 例句
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短
语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语 What he said is very important for us all.
动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，
The children were in the classroom two
谓语动词用复数形式。
hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
Lucy and Lily are twins.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起 She and I are classmates.
来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓 The boy and the girl were surprised when
语动词。 they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
语法一致
3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟 Mr. Green ， together with his wife and
有 with，together with，except，but， children，has come to China.
like，as well as，rather than，more than，
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
no less than， besides，including等引起
playground.
的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主
语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall.
4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单 Each of us has a new book.
数名词和由some，any，no，every构成
Everything around us is matter.
的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。He is one of my friends who are working
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， hard.
which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与
He is the only one of my friends who is
句中先行词的数一致。
working hard.
Class Four is on the third floor.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的
Class Four are unable to agree upon a
谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成
monitor.
员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词
有 family, class, crowd, committee, 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都
population, audience等。 用作复数。如：The police are looking for
the lost child.
7. 由＂a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the There are a lot of people in the classroom.
rest of，the majority of +名词＂构成的短 The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
语以及由＂分数或百分数+名词＂构成的
50% of the students in our class are girls.
短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短
语中后面名词的数而定。 注：a number of 与the number of的区别
There comes the bus.
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后
On the wall are many pictures.
的主语一致。
Such is the result. Such are the facts.
1. what， who， which， any， more， Which is your bag？Which are your bags？
all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主 All is going well. All have gone to
要靠意思来决定。 Beijing.
2. 表示＂时间、重量、长度、价值＂等
的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在 Ten miles is too long.
逻辑一致 概念上是一个整体。
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、
＂The Arabian Nights＂ is an interesting
报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词
storybook.
通常用单数形式。
4. 表数量的短语＂one and a half＂后接
复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单 One and a half apples is left on the table.
数形式。一致原则 考点详解 例句
5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作 Twelve plus eight is twenty.
单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：
mathematics ， politics ， physics 以 及 The paper works was built in 1990.
news， works等，都属于形式上是复数
I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作
主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，
jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如 My glasses are broken.
果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词 The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
逻辑一致 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
8. ＂定冠词the + 形容词或分词＂，表
The old are taken good care of.
示某一类人时，动词用复数。
A large quantity of people is needed here.
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数
注意：quantities一般用复数。
名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage
不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用 was done in a very short time.
单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, Large amounts of money were spent on the
作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。 bridge.
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … Either the teacher or the students are our
friends.
nor，whether … or …，not only …but also
连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Neither they nor he is wholly right.
就近一致
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个
Here引导的句子用法同上。
主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一
致。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.
一、语法一致
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 单数n.，不可数n., 不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。
☛His father is working on the farm.
☛ Time is money.
☛ To finish all the work on time is impossible.
☛Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
☛The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的
并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。
☛What I bought were 3 English books.
☛What I say and do are helpful to you.
2. 由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。☛Lucy and Lily are twins.
☛She and I are friends.
☛Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
☛The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Every student and every teacher was in the room.
☛No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides,
including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
☛Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
☛Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
☛She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合
不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
☛Each of us has a new book.
☛Everything around us is matter.
☛Neither of the texts is interesting.
None of us has been to South Africa.
5. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
☛He is one of my students who are working hard.
☛He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
【典例分析】
1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 6 4 (be)
more effective at lengthening life 6 5 than walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是
一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。
2. He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes
【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。第
一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have；
后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句意，后面应是肯定
句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B项。故选D项。
6. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复
数。
☛His family is a happy one.
☛The whole family are watching TV.
☛The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)
☛One third of the population here are workers.(人)
◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
7. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主
语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
☛The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
☛A lot of time is wasted.
☛A lot of people take part in the meeting.
☛2/3 water is drunk by him.
☛2/3 students are absent.
8. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
☛On the wall are many pictures.
☛Such is the result.
☛Such are the facts.
【典例分析】
（2018· 浙江卷· 语法填空）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese
5 6 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes
【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
二、意义一致原则
1. 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
☛Twenty minutes is enough for the work.
☛One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.
2.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。☛The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。
☛One and a half apples is left on the table.
3.算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）
4.表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。
☛Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
☛Mathematics is the study of numbers.
☛Politics, economics, athletics等。
5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。
☛The glass works was built up in 1980.
☛These glass works are near the railway station.
6.由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of等量词时，
视情况而定。
7.The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。
☛The young are usually very active.
☛The old are lonely.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻
近的主语一致。
☛Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个
主语保持一致。
☛There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。
☛There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。
3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
☛Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。
4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。
此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等。
☛Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。
☛She，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。
【典例分析】
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in
winter.
A. is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上
滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词保持一致。
本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon可知，本句应用一
般现在时。故选C项。
四、 ＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形
式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
☛She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
☛He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
☛Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。
五、不定代词作主语
1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。
☛Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。
☛Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。
☛Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2. 当复合不定代词 someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，
nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
☛Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
☛Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?
☛Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
☛Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
【典例分析】
All we need ___________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growingseasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词 all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据从句
中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各
种不同的水果树。故C正确。
六、特殊名词作主语
1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。
☛The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)
☛Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
☛The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。
☛The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，
谓语动词要用单数。
☛Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。
☛The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰
语来确定。
☛A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
☛Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。
七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
☛Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。
☛Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
☛100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。
2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
☛Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
☛Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。☛There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
☛Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。
4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
☛One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
☛One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。
☛The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。
☛The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
☛None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。
7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复
数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
☛A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。
☛The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000.
这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语
动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
☛A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。
☛Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。
八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
☛Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
☛To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。
☛What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
【典例分析】
The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8 ，450 a year, which
________ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是 8450美元，这对他们
中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空的主语是
which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。【巧学妙记】
主谓一致记忆口诀
单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。
如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓常复，people、police即这般。
主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。
many a作主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。
or、nor、but also、there be，近主原则挂嘴边。
关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。
不定式短语、动名词，主语从句谓全单。
时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见，
rest，means，following等，意义决定其复、单。
none，all，half of等，of之宾语定答案。
还有分数、百分数，仍据of之宾定复、单。
代词all指人谓复数，all指事情谓用单。
量词用法请注意，谓语要随量词变。
and连接两名词，身兼两职一定冠。
no，each，every后单名，两种事物一概念。
以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。
形容词带the一类人，姓氏复数加定冠，
-s结尾的海峡、山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。
代词neither，either，each，用作主语谓全单。
【检测训练】
1. Large quantities of information, as well as timely help________ to us over the past 2 years.
A. have been offered B. has been offered
C. was offered D. had been offered
2. At that time ________two important players ________a big problem for Lang Ping.
A. to lose; is B. losing; was
C. lose; was D. losing; is
3. Now Mr. Lee, along with all his students, ________ discussing Reading Skills which was newly published in
America.
A. is B. are C. have been D. had been
4. The famous musician , as well as his students________ to perform at the opening ceremony last year.A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited
5. Mr. Wang was the only one of the most ________ teachers who ________ praised on Teachers' Day.
A. inspiring; was B. inspired; was C. inspiring; were D. inspired; were
6. Many a quarrel ________ through a misunderstanding.
A. has come across B. has come about C. have come out D. have come up
7. -When is Jack going to finish writing that essay?
I don't know. He _______ day in and day out
A. has been working B. has worked
C. had been working D. was working
8. It ____ Madame Curie and his husband Pierre who discovered radium.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
9. _________your teacher _____ from them very often? Certainly.
A. Do, hear B. Does, hear C. Do, receive D. Does. receive
10. Which teacher _________ lessons to you every day?
A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives
11. I feel it is you as well as your wife that ______ for your son's bad performance at school.
A. are to blame B. is to be blamed
C. are to be blamed D. is to blame
12. Have you read all the information that this case?
A. relate B. relate to C. relates to D. relates
13. Sitting over there was the student who they thought __________ to speak at the opening ceremony.
A. selected B. selecting C. was selected D. selects
14. Among those presents _____ an iPad that his father gave him for his birthday.
A. have included B. is included C. has included D. are included
15. The publication of Great Expectations, which ______ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened
Dickens’s status as a leading novelist.
A. have been B. were C. was D. will be
16. —How much do you know about Nolan’s’ new film to be released next month?
—Well. the Movie Channel ________ it in a variety of forms.
A. covers B. covered C. has covered D. will cover
17. The evidence suggests that single fathers ____ more likely to work than single mothers.
A. should be B. are C. \ D. be18. How to protect children from unsuitable material on some websites while encouraging them to use the Internet
__________ in many areas of the world.
A. have long been discussed B. has long been discussed
C. were long been discussed D. was long been discussed
19. This is one of the largest factories been rebuilt since last year.
A. which have B. that have C. which has D. that has
20. The number of people in the world ________ about 6 billion and large quantities of waste _______ each year.
A. total; has been produced B. totals; is produced
C. totals; are produced D. total; are being produced
21. Generally speaking, tiredness _____ directly ______ a driver’s response time.
A. is; relate to B. is; related to C. be; relating to D. be; related to
22. Over the past decade, the number of Monarch butterflies _____________ significantly.
A. has fallen B. fell C. is falling D. have fallen
23. The book with cartoons in them __________ intended for children aged 2-8.
A. have been B. is C. are D. were
24. The newly-published novel is so popular that more than one copy sold out.
A. have been B. has been C. have D. are
25. We travelled in Europe and visited some caves that early Viking times in about
800 A. D.
A. date back to B. are dated back to C. were dated from D. dating from
26. As we know, two thirds of the earth _________ covered with water..
A. are B. was C. is D. were
27. Zhong Nanshan, as well as three other outstanding medical workers,__________the highest honor of our country
last month.
A. are awarded B. is awarded C. were awarded D. was awarded
28. The proposal that smart devices should carry security labels was introduced a voluntary basis at first, which
_______the research findings that these devices were able to put consumers' privacy and security at risk.
A. on, based on B. by, based on
C. on, was based on D. by, was based on
29. At the foot of the mountain____________a family,________members make a living by raising cattle and sheep.
A. lives, its B. lives, whose C. live, where D. live, whose
30. Meat _______ out in this shop. We can _________ now.A. have been sold, get nothing B. has been sold, get nothing
C. has been sold, get some D. have been sold, get some
31. Officials say that few patients ____with the COVID-19 owing to the effective prevention.
A. infected B. have infected C. be infected D. are infected
32. The church tower which __________ now will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has built B. has been built C. is building D. is being built
33. Visitors have no access ______ the remains of the building that _______ being studied by the archaeologists.
A. to; was B. of; was C. of; were D. to; were
34. Large quantities of money _________ spent on the project so far; it is enough.
A. is B. were C. has been D. have been
35. It is you rather than Lucy who________for the accident.
A. is to blame B. is to be blamed
C. should blame D. are to blame
36. ________nothing to do with us.
A. What she did have B. What she did is
C. What did she do has D. What she has done has
37. A lot of new wooden furniture, as well as some latest household appliances, ________ by the Smiths for their new
house a week ago.
A. has been bought B. have been bought
C. was bought D. were bought
38. There________a girl and two boys waiting for you since this morning.
A. was B. were C. has been D. have been
39. According to doctors, three hours of outdoor exercise a week good for health.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
40. When and how to restore daily life______yet.
A. has not been decidedB. are not decided C. is not decided D. have not decided
41. I, who______your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
42. Nothing but several glasses______bought by my father the day before yesterday.
A. have been B. were C. was D. would be
43. There _______ a series of creative inventions that are being exhibited in the centre.
A. was B. were C. are D. is44. （2014·湖南）All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees
throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was
C. is D. were
45. At the foot of the hill ________ a big lake surrounded by trees.
A. lays B. is laying C. lies D. is lying
46. —Tomorrow you'll go to your new school to study.
—Yes, a new term I am looking forward ________.
A. to arriving B. to arrive C. to arrives D. arrives
47. All the facts in California’s record-breaking heatwave suggest that the wildfires to the brutally hot
temperature, so it’s suggested that people with health problem carefully.
A. were linked; are taken care of B. be linked; be taken care of
C. should be linked; are attended to D. were linked; be attended to
48. It's reported that a large number of people ________ been killed and the number _______added up to nearly 70,000.
A. has; has B. have; have
C. has; have D. have; has
49. The doctor suggested that she _______ in bed, while her smiling face suggested there ______ nothing serious.
A. stay; was B. stayed; was C. stayed; be D. stay; be
50. We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks_______so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is B. are
C. has been D. have been
参考答案
1. A
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态语态。句意：在过去的2年里，为我们提供了大量的信息和及时的帮助。根据后
文“over the past 2 years”可知用现在完成时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态；as well
as连接并列主语，谓语动词应根据其前面部分主语的人称和数来确定，主语“Large quantities of+不可数名词”
是复数意义，助动词用have。故选A。
2. B
【解析】考查非谓语动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：当时，失去两名重要球员对郎平来说是个大问题。第一空，
作句子的主语，应用动名词形式；第二空，根据上文At that time可知用一般过去时，主语为动名词，谓语动词
用单数。故选B。3. A
【解析】考查时态辨析和主谓一致。句意：现在，李先生和他所有的学生，正在讨论在美国新出版的Reading
Skills。由Now可知，用现在进行时，主语是Mr Lee，along with all his students修饰主语，谓语动词采用就远原
则，主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故选A。
4. B
【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：这位著名的音乐家和他的学生去年被邀请在开幕式上表演。由时间
状语last year可知，空处谓语动词需用一般过去时，结合句意可知，此处表示被邀请，所以谓语动词需用一般
过去时的被动语态：was/were done，as well as连接两个并列的主语，谓语动词需用“就前原则”，即谓语动词
的形式取决于第一个主语，此处第一主语是单数musician，所以be动词需用was。故选B。
5. A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析和主谓一致。句意：王先生是唯一一个在教师节受到表扬的最鼓舞人心的老师。
inspiring意为“鼓舞人心的”，inspired意为“受启发的”。根据句意可知，此处是指最鼓舞人心的老师，这个
老师的事例和品质给别人带来激励，所以应用inspiring修饰teachers。所以排除选项B和选项D。在定语从句中，
who代指先行词the only one，为第三人称单数，所以be动词应用was。故选A。
6. B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析和主谓一致。句意：许多争吵是由于误会而产生的。A.has come across讲得清楚明
白；B.has come about产生；C.have come out出版；D.have come up走近。“many a+名词单数”作主语，谓语动
词用第三人称单数。所以排除选项C和选项D。根据“through a misunderstanding”可知，此处是指许多争吵是由
于误会而产生的。故选B。
7. A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——Jack什么时候写完那篇论文? ——我不知道。他一直都在夜以继日地工作。
根据时间状语day in and day out可知，说明他从过去一直工作，前文I don't know可知，动作一直持续到现在，
故此处应该用现在完成进行时，表示过去发生的动作或状况一直持续到现在，这个动作可能仍在继续进行或刚
刚结束。现在完成进行时由“have/has + been + 现在分词”构成，主语和是第三人称单数。故选A项。
8. B
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：是居里夫人和他的丈夫皮埃尔发现了镭。分析句子可知，句子是强调句型，
由于所叙述的是过去的事,因此用一般过去时，强调句型也使用一般过去时，it是第三人称单数，故谓语动词也
用第三人称单数，故选B项。
9. B
【解析】考查固定搭配和主谓一致。句意：——你的老师经常收到他们的来信吗？——当然。此处表示“收到……的来信”应用“hear from sb”或者“receive a letter from sb”；且主语为“your teacher”，助动词应用第三人
称单数形式。故选B项。
10. D
【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意：哪位老师每天给你上课？后文every day表明为一般现在时，which teacher“哪
一个老师”表示单数概念，故其后动词用第三人称单数；对主语提问，一般不用助动词构成疑问句。故选D。
11. A
【解析】考查强调句中的主谓一致。句意：你儿子在学校成绩不好，我觉得你和你妻子都应该受到责备。as
well as连接两个并列主语，谓语动词要和前一主语保持一致，因此be动词用are；动词blame不用被动语态，
常用be to blame主动式表被动意义。故选A项。
12. C
【解析】考查动词短语和主谓一致。句意：你读过所有与这个案子相关的信息了吗？表示“与……相关”短语
为relate to，在定语从句中作谓语，且“that this case”为定语从句修饰先行词information，先行词在从句
中作主语，从句为一般现在时，谓语动词与先行词保持一致，information是不可数名词，故谓语动词应用第三
人称单数形式。故选C。
13. C
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：坐在那边的是他们认为被选来在开幕式上讲话的那个学生。空处作谓语，
B选项selecting不能直接作谓语，故排除B选项；根据上文was可知为一般过去时，故排除D选项，且此处定
语从句修饰先行词student，谓语动词与先行词保持一致，构成被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选
C。
14. B
【解析】考查主谓一致和被动语态。句意：在那些礼物当中有一个iPad，那是他爸爸送给他的生日礼物。分析
句子可知，这是一个介宾短语放在句首的全部倒装句，正常句序应为 an iPad is included among those presents.
真正的主语iPad 和动词include是被动关系，并且an iPad 是单数，应用一般现在时的被动结构，故选B项。
15. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：《远大前程》的出版，得到了广泛的评论和高度的赞扬，加强了狄更斯
作为主要小说家的地位。A. have been现在完成时；B. were一般过去时；C. was一般过去时；D. will be一般将
来时。分析句子，非限制性定语从句引导词which指代先行词 publication，所以谓语是单数；根据句意，叙述
过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时。故选C。
16. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：—你对诺兰下个月要上映的新片了解多少？—嗯。电影频道已经以多种
形式对其进行了报道。A. covers一般现在时；B. covered一般过去时；C. has covered现在完成时；D. will cover一般将来时。分析句子，专有名词the Movie Channe做主语，谓语是单数；根据句意，描述现在已经完成的事
情，所以用现在完成时。故选C。
17. B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：有证据表明，单亲父亲比单亲母亲更有可能去工作。此处suggest表示
“表明”，后跟宾语从句不需要用虚拟语气，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为fathers，谓语动词
用复数。故选B。
18. B
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：如何在鼓励儿童使用互联网的同时，保护他们不受某些网站上不
良内容的影响，这在世界许多地区早就被讨论过了。A.have long been discussed现在完成时的被动；B.has long
been discussed现在完成时的被动。C项和D项形式错误。分析句子，主语是不定式短语“how+to do”，所以谓
语动词用单数；根据句意，本句用现在时，且表示“已经被讨论”，所以用现在完成时的被动语态。故选B。
19. B
【解析】考查定语从句和主谓一致。句意：这是自去年以来重建的最大的工厂之一。分析句子结构，空处引导
定语从句，先行词factories指物，在定语从句中作主语，且先行词有形容词最高级the largest修饰，需用关系代
词that引导，排除A项和C项；that指代factories，谓语动词使用复数形式，需用助动词have。故选B。
20. C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：世界人口总数约为60亿，每年产生大量垃圾。the number of +复数名词，表示
“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数形式。 quantities of +可数名词或不可数名词，表示“大量的……”，谓语
动词用复数形式。故选C。
21. B
【解析】考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：一般来说，疲劳与司机的反应时间直接相关。表示“与……相关”
可知短语为be related to，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为tiredness，谓语动词应用第三人称单数。
故选B。
22. A
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的十年里，帝王蝶的数量显著下降。根据句中Over the past
decade可知，句中的动作开始于过去，并持续到现在，应用现在完成时；the number of意为“……的数量”，
后接可数名词复数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数，助动词应用has。故选A项。
23. B
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。解题步骤：1.确定固定短语：be intended for为固定搭配，意思为：旨在供;用于;
是为了...。2.确定答案：此句表示一本书的性质，为客观情况，用一般现在时，主语为the book，为单数形式，
根据主谓一致原则，be动词用is。句意：这本带漫画的书是为2-8岁的儿童设计的。故答案为B。24. B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：新出版的小说太受欢迎了，以至于不止一份拷贝被卖光了。more than
one+单数名词作主语时，尽管意义上看是复数，谓语动词仍要用单数，根据句意推断，sold out这一动作应该已
经发生，应该用现在完成时下的被动语态。故选B项。
25. A
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：我们在欧洲旅行，参观了一些可以追溯到公元800年维京早期的洞穴。分析句
子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是caves ，关系代词 that 在从句中充当主语，该句缺少谓语，结合句
意，动词短语date back to意为“追溯到……”，无被动式，充当从句的谓语，that指代caves，是复数。故选A
项。
26. C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：我们知道，地球的三分之二被水覆盖。根据句意可知，本句陈述一个事
实，谓语动词需用一般现在时态，排除选项B和D；百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代
词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词（或不可数名
词）或代词，谓语动词用单数。本句分数后the earth是单数，be动词需用is。故选C。
27. D
【解析】考查主谓一致和语态。句意：上个月，钟南山等三名优秀医务工作者被授予国家最高荣誉。根据last
month可知此处用一般过去时态，as well as连接并列主语时需要遵循就远原则，所以谓语动词和Zhong Nanshan
保持一致，故选D项。
28. C
【解析】考查介词及动词短语辨析。句意：智能设备应该带有安全标签的提议最初是在自愿的基础上提出的。
这个提议是基于研究发现提出的，这个研究表明这些设备能够将消费者的隐私和安全置于危险之中。第一个空
中，on a...basis为固定搭配，意为“在……的基础上”,其中basis前还可加形容词，修饰basis，意为“在…的基
础上”，on a voluntary basis意为“在自愿的基础上”，在主句中作状语；第二个空中，which引导的定语从句
中，缺少谓语，which指代proposal，表示单数，与base之间是被动的关系，所以应使用被动语态，且base为
不及物动词，接宾语时，后面要加on，be based on是固定搭配，意为“基于……”。根据句中“was” “were”可
知，该句时态为一般过去时。因此第二个空应填was based on。故选C项。
29. B
【解析】考查主谓一致和非限制定语从句。句意：山脚下住着一户人家，他们靠养牛羊为生。本句为全部倒装
句，a family 为主语，句子为一般现在时，谓语为第三人称单数，同时包含了一个非限定性定语从句，关系词
指代先行词a family 并在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose来引导。故选B项。
30. B【解析】考查主谓一致和不定代词。句意：这个商店里肉已经卖完了。现在我们什么都买不到了。结合语境可
知，第一句为现在完成时，主语|meat“肉”是不可数名词，谓语动词应该用单数形式，且meat是“被卖完了”，
故应用现在完成时的被动语态，所以第一个空为has been sold ；第一句既然提到“肉被卖完了”，所以第二个
空应为“什么都买不到”，即get nothing。故选B。
31. D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：官员们表示，由于有效预防，感染COVID-19的患者很少。此处为宾语
从句，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，且主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语
为patients，谓语动词应用复数。故选D。
32. D
【解析】考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：正在修建的教堂塔不久将对游客开放。这工作已基本完成。根据时
间状语now可知，空处谓语动词需用现在进行时态，所以排除选项A和B，因为教堂塔是被修建，所以空处定
语从句谓语动词需用现在进行时态的被动语态：be being done，先行词是The church tower，单数，所以be动词
需用is。故选D。
33. D
【解析】考查介词和主谓一致。句意：游客们无法进入考古学家正在研究的建筑遗址。固定搭配have access
to ...使用、接近。故第一个设空处答案为to；第二个设空处在定语从句中作谓语，其主语为that，that指代先行
词the remains （遗址）在定语从句中作主语，主语为复数形式，根据主谓一致设空处应用复数形式。故第二个
设空处的答案为were。故答案为D。
34. D
【解析】考查时态/主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这个项目已经花了大量的钱;这就够了。quantities of+名词作
主语时，谓语动词一律用复数形式，根据时间状语so far（到目前为止）可知时态为现在完成时，故选D。
35. D
【解析】考查动词的固定结构和主谓一致。句意：是你而不是Lucy该为这个事故负责。分析句子可知，It
is...who是一个强调句型，其中的sb be to blame for，意为“对......负责”，又rather than适用就远原则，因此be
to blame的主语是you，be动词应该是are，故选D。
36. D
【解析】固定短语、考查名词性从句的语序和主谓一致。句意：她所做的事与我们无关。固定短语have nothing
to do with与……无关，分析句子可知，本句为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作宾语，句子为陈述性语
序。句子为一般现在时，谓语动词为单数第三人称。故选D项。
37. C
【解析】考查时态语态及主谓一致。句意：史密斯一家一周前为他们的新房子买了许多新的木制家具和一些最新的家用电器。根据句中时间状语a week ago可知，用一般过去时态。当主语后面由as well as连接几个名词或
短语时，谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致，名词furniture为不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式。“家
具”和“购买”是被动关系，故选C。
38. C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：从今天早上开始就有一个女孩和两个男孩在等你。根据时间状语“since
this morning ”可知，应该用现在完成时；再根据there be 句型的主谓一致遵循就近原则，be的形式与a girl 保持
一致，所以谓语应该是has been 形式。故选C。
39. A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：根据医生的说法，每周三小时的户外运动对健康有好处。be good for对……有
好处，是固定短语，所以可排除C、D项，主语“three hours of outdoor exercise a week(每周三小时的户外运动)”
是一个整体，be动词应用is，排除B项。故选A项。
40. A
【解析】考查时态和语态和主谓一致。句意：何时以及如何恢复日常生活还没有决定。A. has not been decided
还没被决定；B. are not decided没被决定；C. is not decided没被决定；D. have not decided还没决定。分析句子可
知，设空处是句子谓语动词，结合语境和yet判断为现在完成时，when and how to restore daily life是“特殊疑问
词+不定式”作主语，因为只有一个不定式，故看作第三人称单数，它和decide之间是被动关系，应用现在完成
时的被动语态，主语的单数，助动词用has。故选A项。
41. A
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我，你亲密的朋友，将会尽我的全力帮你摆脱困境。分析句子可知，设
空处是定语从句的谓语动词，结合语境可知，此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语who是关系代词，指
代先行词I，故be动词应用am。故选A项。
42. C
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：前天，我爸除了几副眼镜什么也没有买。分析句子可知，设空处是谓语动词，
由the day before yesterday判断为一般过去时，but意为“除了”时适用就远原则，即谓语动词根据nothing来确
定，nothing是第三人称单数，且此处是被动语态，故be应用was。故选C项。
43. D
【解析】考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：一系列创造性的发明正在这个中心展出。根据that are being
exhibited in the centre可知，本句使用一般现在时，表示目前的事情；there be句型的主谓一致遵循“就近原则”，
a series of creative inventions是单数概念。故选D。
44. C【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种
各种不同的水果树。句中的主语为不定代词all，代指的是物。不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。再根据从句
中的can可以判断用一般现在时。故C正确。
【知识拓展】
1. all指人时谓语动词用复数；指物时谓语动词用单数。
Now all has been changed. 一切都已改变。
“All are present today, Mr Li.” answered the monitor. 班长回答说：李老师，今天大家全到了。
2. all + of + 名词”时，若of后为不可数名词，动词用单数形式，若of后为复数名词或代词时，动词用复数形
式。
All of us like sports. 我们所有人都喜欢体育。
45. C
【解析】考查时态和动词词义辨析。句意：在山脚下有一个被树木环绕的大湖。A .lays放，搁置，一般现在时
态；B.is laying现在进行时态； C. lies位于，平躺，一般现在时态；D.is lying现在进行时态。本句是一个倒装
句，正常语序为：A big lake surrounded by trees______ at the foot of the hill . 本句中surrounded by trees是过去分
词作后置定语，修饰主语a big lake，由此可知，本句缺少谓语，因介绍的是一个事实，所以空处谓语动词需用
一般现在时态，排除选项B和D，表示位于某地，需用动词lie，主语是单数，谓语动词需用lies。故选C。
46. C
【解析】考查固定短语与主谓一致。句意：——明天你要去你的新学校学习。——是的，我期待的新学期到来
了。固定短语look forward to 意为“期待……”分析第二个句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，主句的主语是
term，term同时也是定语从句的先行词，定语从(that) I am looking forward to，关系代词that在从句中作宾语被
省略，句中缺少介词 to；再根据主句主语term是单数形式，谓语动词用第三人称单数arrives。故选C项。
47. D
【解析】考查时态和虚拟语气。句意：加州破纪录的热浪中，所有的事实都表明，野火与残酷的高温有关，所
以建议有健康问题的人慎重对待。第一空中suggest表示“表明”，后跟宾语从句不用虚拟语气，且从句中描述
过去发生的事情应用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，谓语动词应用复数，故排除B选项和C选项；第二空
suggest表示“建议”，后跟宾语从句应用虚拟语气，谓语应用(should)+动词原形，故排除A选项。故选D。
48. D
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：报道称已有大量的人被杀害，死亡总数合计大约达到70,000人。句子中people
本身是集合名词，且a large number of 表大量的许多的修饰可数名词，所以后面用have，第二个空格的主语是
the number，表示数量，所以后面用has。故选D。
49. A【解析】考查虚拟语气和时态。句意：医生建议她卧床休息，但她的笑容表明没有什么严重的事。第一空中
suggest表示“建议”时，后跟宾语从句中需用虚拟语气，谓语动词应用(should)+动词原形，should可以省略，
故第一空填stay；第二空中suggest表示“表明”时，后跟从句不需要用虚拟语气，结合上文suggested可知应用
一般过去时，there be句型中，谓语动词与nothing保持一致应用单数was。故选A。
50. A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们日复一日地生活，但在伟大的事物中，几日和几周的时间如此少以至于一
天微不足道。the time of days and weeks是主语，表示单数，所以谓语动词要用单数形式。根据所提供的情景We
live day by day可判断出要用一般现在时,表示经常性的动作或存在的状态。故选A。
