文档内容
秘籍 04 动词的时态、语态、主谓一致
目录
时态、语态
【高考预测】 时态、语态题概率预测+题型预测+考向预
测...................................................................................01
【思维导图】时态、语态题考点考向思维导
图......................................................................................................02
【应试秘籍】时态、语态常考点及应对的策
略......................................................................................................03
【误区点拨】时态、语态题点拨常见的易错
点........................................................................................................03
【抢分通关】时态、语态题押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考
法）......................................................06
主谓一致
【高考预测】主谓一致概率预测+题型预测+考向预测.........................................................................................07
【思维导图】主谓一致考点考向思维导
图..............................................................................................................07
【应试秘籍】主谓一致常考点及应对的策
略..........................................................................................................08
【误区点拨】主谓一致点拨常见的易错
点...............................................................................................................08
【抢分通关】主谓一致押题新高考方向，讲解通关策略（含新考
法）...............................................................09
一 时态、语态概率预测 ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作动词时态、语态、主谓一致输出
☆ 一般现在、 ☆ 一般过去式 、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、将来
考向预测
进行时、 ☆ 现在完成时 、现在完成进行时、将来完成时、过去将来时
近几年新高考英语语法填空对于谓语动词的考查主要有时态、语态和主谓一致三个方面。被动语态和
主谓一致通常与时态结合考查。解题难点在于判断该填谓语动词还是非谓语形式。解题秘诀在于先找到句
中的谓语动词，如果没有谓语动词，或虽然有谓语动词，但与设空处构成并列关系，则设空处为谓语。
确定谓语动词后， 1 . 根据句中线索，寻找时态标志词；
2. 根据逻辑意思，确定主被动关系；
3. 根据主谓一致确定正确的动词形式。
1. 一般现在时 主动： do/does; am/is/are 被动：was/were done
时态标志词：often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Mondays等。
2. 一般过去时 主动：did; was/were 被动：was/were done
时态标志词：ago, yesterday, last week/month, in 1999, just now, the other day, previous, then等。
3. 现在进行时 主动：am/is/are doing 被动：am/is/are being done
时态标志词：now, look, listen, at this time, these days, at the moment等。
4. 过去进行时 主动：was/were dong 被动：was/were being done
时态标志词：at that time, at this time yesterday等。
5. 一般将来时 主动：will/shall do; be going to do 被动：will be done
时态标志词：tomorrow, next Sunday, in a few days, soon等。
6. 过去将来时 主动：would do; was/were going to do 被动：would be done; was/were going to
be done
时态标志词：the next day, the following month等。
7. 现在完成时 主动：have/has done 被动：have/has been done时态标志词： already, yet, just, ever, never, before, recently, lately, for+时间段, since, so far, up to
now等。
8. 过去完成时： 主动：had done 被动：had been done
时态标志词：by/before+过去时间状语，said/asked/thought等后的宾语从句中。
9. 现在完成进行时：主动：have/has been doing
10. 将来进行时: 主动：will/shall be doing
易错点一：一般过去时和现在完成时错用
秘籍：确定谓语动词，牢记并寻找时态标志词，最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步： 分析句子成分，找到句中的谓语动词。
第二步： 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句，注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句
中没有明显的时间标志词，根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。
第三步： 结合句意，注意动词的变化形式，填写正确答案。
易错提醒：现在完成时in the past +时间名词容易在结尾部分出现，另外，一般过去时的提示词如
previous, then等隐蔽性较强，需仔细甄别。
（2024·广东湛江·阶段练习）When she waited at the airport, she (spot) her
friend in the crowd.
变式1：（2023高三·湖南长沙·模拟考试）Recent years (see) environmental disasters on
a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come.
变式2：（22-23高三·江苏南通·开学考试）For example, research into the brilliant blue wings of a species of
butterfly (lead) to innovative technologies since scientist uncovered the secret behind their bright
colour.
易错点二：一般过去式和过去完成时错用
秘籍：确定谓语动词，牢记并寻找时态标志词，最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:第一步： 分析句子成分，确定句中的谓语动词。
第二步： 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句，注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句
中没有明显的时间标志词，根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。牢记口诀，过去完成时
表示“过去的过去”。
第三步： 结合句意，注意动词的变化形式，填写正确答案。
Many people didn’t have any preparation in their minds when the hurricane
(strike) the city.
变式 1：（2024 高三上·浙江·专题练习）The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy
businessmen often (feature) beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars (柱子).
变式2：By the end of last year, another new gymnasium (build) in Beijing.
易错点三：现在完成时与过去完成时错用
秘籍：确定谓语动词，牢记并寻找时态标志词，最后注意语境意思连贯。
具体规则如下:
第一步： 分析句子成分，找到句中的谓语动词。
第二步： 寻找句中可以确定时态的时态标志词。如果遇到长句，注意寻找句中开头和结尾部分。如果句
中没有明显的时间标志词，根据句意及上下句中的动词时态进行判断。
第三步： 结合句意，注意动词的变化形式，填写正确答案。
The thief (trap) in the river for five hours, so he looked pale and exhausted.
变式1：In the last decade, the project (expand) its welfare to support 12000 poor students.
变式2：The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built.
易错点四：固定句型中的时态
秘籍：确定谓语动词，牢记并寻找时态标志词。若无时态标志词，关注固定句型中的特殊用法。
This is the first time I (draft) a letter for him.变式1：It (intend) that production will start at the end of the month.
变式2：I was lucky because that was the second time that I (visit) Russia.
变式2：I would rather you (tell) him the truth yesterday.
【押题新高考题型一】时态、语态的综合运用
1.（2024高三·江苏扬州·模拟测试）The remarkable development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, (mean) there is always something new to discover
here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.Hoping he would not be seen, Bob rushed in, (pick) up his book and rushed out immediately.(所给词的
适当形式填空)
3．No sooner had I reached the finishing line than the audience (begin) to cheer.(所给词的适当形式填空)
4.Martin has been working really hard on the presentation since Monday and he believes that he (finish) it
by Friday.(所给词的适当形式填空)
5．We (complete) the task by the time you arrive at the airport tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. (所给词的
适当形式填空)
7.Citizens of higher social classes (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. （所给词的适当形
式填空）
8．In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears (produce) by dogs when they were
just spending time at home with their owners.(所给词的适当形式填空)
9．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）WED (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The
environment wasn’t such a big issue back then. （所给词的适当形式填空）
10．The entire Brazilian people (unite) by their love of football. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11.Look! The children (take) good care of by their aunt. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．We’ll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting (hold) as scheduled. (用所给词的适当形式
填空)
13.Doing sports in my spare time (strong) my body and makes me stronger. (所给词的适当形式填空)二 主谓一致
概率预测 ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
题型预测 语法填空题、阅读理解句意、写作语态输出
考向预测 语法一致、意义一致、就近原则
对主谓一致解题时务必找到主语的中心词，根据主语的特征来确定谓语动词的形式。掌握以下常考
点，遵循主谓一致原则解题。
1. 动名词、不定式、从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的单
复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。
2. all作主语指人时，用复数谓语；指事物时，用单数谓语。
3. 表示时间、距离、长度、金额、重量等名词作主语，谓语用单数。
4. 以-s结尾的书名、国名、机构等作主语，谓语动词用单数。
5. 以-s结尾的山川、河流、群岛、瀑布等自然事物作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
6. 单复数同形的名词如means, series, species, deer, sheep等作主语，谓语动词根据所表达的单复数概念定。
7. 下列词连接的并列主语，用就近一致的原则or, nor, not...but..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not...but also
等。
8. 下列词后面加名词时，谓语采用就远原则with, along with, together with, as well as, like, rather than,
as much, as, but, except, followed by, rather than。
9. and连接并列主语，表示不同的人或物，用复数谓语；表示同一个人或物，用单数形式。
10. every/each/no+名词+every/each/no+名词表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
11. There be结构中，主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常和最近的名词保持一致。
12. 倒装结构中，谓语动词和后面的主语保持一致。
13. 定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致。
14. a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
15. a quantity of后面可以跟不可数名词或可数名词复数，谓语动词的数与后面的名词保持一致。quantities
of后面跟不可数名词或可数名词复数作主语，谓语动词的数与quantities的数保持一致用复数。
易错点一：就近原则
秘籍：观察设空前后词，先判断设空处是否为形容词。牢记形容词变副词的变化规则和特殊变化形式。
具体规则如下:
具体规则如下:
第一步： 找到句中的谓语动词。观察主语中心词，寻找句中是否有可行的主谓一致原则。
第二步： 根据时态、语态解题原则综合运用。
第三步： 合理得出答案。
Either the manager or his assistants (be) to attend the meeting.
变式1：Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
变式2：Neither I nor he (be) to blame.
变式3：Around Christmas time there (be) only one hour of daylight in Sweden. (所给词的适当形式填
空)易错点二 语法一致、意义一致用法（时态、语态、主谓一致综合运用）
It is you rather than he who (be) responsible for the children’s safety.
变式1：Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month.
变式2：Walking to work, taking part in an online exercise program or meeting with friends for a walk also
(work) to easily get more physical activity.
【押题新高考题型一】三大原则
1.When it comes to this question, not only you but also she (turn) out to be wrong. (所给词的适当形式填
空)
2．Many a person (do ) it safely, or on special indoor walls. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．Here (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4． (be) either he or you to host the Talent Show in our school this year? (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．There no cattle, no people, no human footprints at all. （用适当的词填空）
6.One half of the world’s population (be)Asians. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Although horses, sheep and pigs sometimes are affected by this disease, cattle (be) the most
frequent animal victims. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．Good amounts of sleep every night (be) also important for your health. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．This glass works (be) set up in the 1960s. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．A poet and artist (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow
afternoon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．About two thirds of the population of that country (live) on farms. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．The old (be) respected in our country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．A survey shows that 80 of the middle-aged in this city (be) in favour of the proposal on health care
reform. （所给词的适当形式填空）
14．Quantities of soil (wash) away every year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．As you can see, the number of cars on our roads (keep) rising these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．Thanks to great advances in fundamental research, a series of genetic therapies has arrived, or(arrive), in clinics to treat blood cancer and other fatal diseases. （所给词的适当形式填空）
17.My head teacher as well as teachers of other subjects (be) patient with us. (所给词的适当形式
填空)
18．What we need (be) enough water, but what they need (be) houses. （所给词的适当形
式填空）
19．Large amounts of money (be) spent on the bridge last year. （所给词的适当形式填空）
20.Lead researcher Professor Hadany said, “Each plant and each type of stress (link) to a special
sound.” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【押题新高考题型一】时态、语态、主谓一致用法（综合考查）
1．The family as well as their dog (trap) on the roof by the flood yesterday. （所给词的适当形式填
空）
2．The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy
was born with a rare condition known as CRS. （所给词的适当形式填空）
3．Up to now, China (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.(所给词的适当形式填空)
4．This device, however (use) a thermoelectric generator, which creates energy from differences in
temperature.(所给词的适当形式填空)
35．Wang was born and grew up in America, but she (build) solid ties with Chinese culture since she
was a little girl.(所给词的适当形式填空)
6．A white telephone booth (电话亭), known as the Phone of the Wind, (sit) in a garden on top of a hill.
（所给词的适当形式填空）
7．Gas naturally (have) no recognisable smell. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．The river (pollute) by waste products from the factory since it was built. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．You can charge them at maximum rate and the rest of the energy (go) out as heat. (所给词的适当形
式填空)
10．The administrators said that the students (allow) to enter the museum freely. (所给词的适当形式
填空)
11．As the demand for products rises, so their prices. （用适当的词填空）
12．The scientific literature evaluating these techniques (stretch) back decades and across thousands of
articles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．Since then, a close friendship (grow) between us and she’s been almost like a sister to me. (所给词
的适当形式填空)
