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考点 09 被动语态（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点
谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
题型
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024·新课标I卷 ____60_ walks ___ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
_ __38_ were _ (be);_ 一般过去时与主谓一
2024·新课标II卷
__41_ be built __ (build) 致； 被动语态
2024 2024·全国乙卷 __ 44 _ were __ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国甲卷
__42_ have started ___
2024·年浙江1月 现在完成时与主谓一致
(start)
2023·新课标I卷 /
2023·新课标II卷 I ___65_ wished__ (wish) 一般过去时
was amazed; 一般过去时与主谓一
2023·全国乙卷 致，一般现在时与主谓
means;
一致
2023
2023·全国甲卷 /
语法填空 11. would throw 一般将来时；
2023·年北京卷 13. had arrived 过去完成时；
has established 现在完成时与主谓一致
2023·年浙江1月 featured 一般过去时
一般过去时与主谓一
were;
2022·新课标I卷 致；一般现在时被动语
is designed
态与主谓一致
42. was fixing
过去进行时与主谓一
2022·新课标II卷
43. threw 致；一般过去时
2022
2022·全国乙卷 addressed 一般过去时
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
caught; 一般过去时；
2022·年北京卷
一般现在时与主谓一
has;
致； 现在完成时与主谓has increased
一致
一般现在时被动语态与
is viewed 或 has been
主谓一致；
viewed
2022·年浙江1月 主谓一致；
are；
现在完成时被动语态与
have promised
主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于被动语态的考查共计3次，主要考查：
1.一般现在时的被动语态；
2.一般过去时的被动语态；
3. 现在完成时的被动语态。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；
2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；
3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；
4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
【命题预测】
预计2025年高考语法填空中谓语动词语态仍将是考查的重点和难点，会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合
起来进行考查。
必备基础知识：
被动语态（Passive Voice）是高考英语的一个重要语法项目。构成形式为“be+P.P.（过去分词）”。是动词
的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动
意义。如:
He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。(主动语态)
The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。(被动语态)
01 被动语态基本形式和意义
被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：
时
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
体
一般 is / am / are done was / were done will / shall be done would / should be done
is / am / are being was / were being
进行
done done
have / has been will / shall have would / should have been
完成 had been done
done been done done
被动语态的特殊结构形式
(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
Something must be done to stop the water from being polluted.
必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。
(2) “get＋过去分词”式被动语态
在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作
用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving.
我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。
几种主动变被动的规则
（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语
仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
His mother gave him a present for his birthday.
可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. （间接宾语为主语）
A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday. （直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）
（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。
Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.
可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
（3）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语
补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。
Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.
可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.
（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结
构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。
The meeting is to be put off till Friday.(介词off不能遗漏)
5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。
People said he was a smart boy.
可变为：It was said that he was a smart boy.
He was said to be a smart boy
(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:
类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
二、 不能用被动语态的几种情况：
1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。
（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。
（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。
（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40inspired___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
1.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China 50
(expect) to continue growing.
2.（2023年人大附中高三试题）They were fixed on an iron plate with frames in a certain sequence. Then ink was
painted and a piece of paper was laid down. A printed sheet (create) this way.
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【安徽省蚌埠市皖北私立联考2023-2024学年高三下学期期中】As a traditional Chinese holiday, the Spring
Festival 15 （characterize） by family reunions and wishes for prosperity in the upcoming year.
2.【2024届内蒙古呼和浩特市高三下学期二模考试】Besides, the algae can 29 (harvest) and used to
produce fuel. Therefore, the building uses less energy and reduces the damage to the environment by generating its
own renewable energy.
3.（湖北省新高考部分学校 2023 年高三质检）After the medal ceremony, the new Olympic champion
(invite) to a press conference room to speak to the media.
4.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of
Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4exported overseas.
5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround)
by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields,
shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
6.【2024 届四川省攀枝花市高三下学期第三次统一考试】AI is causing huge challenges to exam 6
(equal). It is the biggest destructor since calculators 7 (allow) into math tests several years ago.
7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery
items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural
relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving
manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37
researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know)
to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
10.【2024届广东省佛山市禅城区高三下学期统一调研测试】Recently she 4 (launch) six Citywalk
routes in different cities on her social media account, aiming to offer visitors 5 experience to “walk in
open-air museums.”
11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s
biggest deep earth exploration program.
12.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in
January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
13.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision
52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
14.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Its terraced fields follow 3 landform of the mountains,
at heights ranging from 300 to 1,200 meters above sea level. So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered
mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig).
15.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelain is the creative fruit of 8
working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain 9 (export) worldwide.
16.（2023年山东省实验中学高三模拟）The crosstalk realizes its artistic presentation by means of imitation,
talking, teasing, and singing. The jokes (hide) in the baofu, or “package”.
17.（2023年湖南省郴州市九校联盟高三）The Imperial Resort (list) in the directory of the world’s
cultural heritages in 1994.
18.（2023年黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高三）A number of short films (upload) to date in
Jiangsu Province and Fuzhou.
【2024·山东青岛·三模】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lhasa, the second most populous urban area on the Tibetan Plateau, has been the administrative capital of Tibet
since the mid-17th century. If you’ve ever had the chance 41 (visit) it, there are many places you. 42
(simple) cannot miss. The Jokhang Temple is like the ultimate hotspot for pilgrims (朝圣者), 43 total must
to see. It stands as one of the most appealing sites in Tibet as it 44 (house) the statue of Shakyamuni
Buddha that’s more than 2, 500 years old, with tons of people 45 (look) around. The temple surroundings have
become quite commercialized over the years.
The Barkhor Street, 46 all high tech has been used to create a good atmosphere, is a popular place
for 47 (local) and now for tourists. The local crew teamed up with the brainiacs from the Chinese
Academy of Sciences and built this wireless street lamp network. No more 48 (mess) wires ruining your
view so now you can become completely involved in the scenery 49 anything that turns your attention
away.
You can find many surrounding sites attractive and get almost everything here: beautiful objects, a constant
stream of tourists and some seriously passionate pilgrims. All this is 50 makes this place a magical
one-of-a-kind destination.
2024年
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
2.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
3.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more
if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them
every day.
2023年
1.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can
still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
2022年
1.【2022新高考I卷】The GPNP __________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity
and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and
leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
3.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributedC. are distributed D. were distributed
2021年
1.【2021.6全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复）.
2.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
3.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
4．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
5. 【2021年天津卷第二次】Mark is a genius. By the time he graduated, he ________ jobs by a dozen computer
companies.
A. has offered B. has been offered
C. had offered D. had been offered
