文档内容
考点 10 主谓一致 （核心考点精讲精练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点
谓语动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致
题型
年份 试卷类型 考点 考向
2024·新课标I卷 ____60_ walks ___ (walk) 一般现在时与主谓一致
_ __38_ were _ (be);_ 一般过去时与主谓一
2024·新课标II卷
致；
2024 2024·全国乙卷 __ 44 _ were __ (be) 一般过去时与主谓一致
2024·全国甲卷
__42_ have started ___
2024·年浙江1月 现在完成时与主谓一致
(start)
2023·新课标I卷 /
2023·新课标II卷 /
was amazed; 一般过去时与主谓一
2023·全国乙卷 致，一般现在时与主谓
means;
2023 一致
2023·全国甲卷 / /
语法填空
2023·年北京卷 现在完成时与主谓一致
has established
2023·年浙江1月 / /
一般过去时与主谓一
were;
2022·新课标I卷 致；一般现在时表达语
is designed
态与主谓一致
42. was fixing
过去进行时与主谓一
2022·新课标II卷
致；
2022
2022·全国乙卷 / /
2022·全国甲卷 has walked 现在完成时与主谓一致
has;
2022·年北京卷
一般现在时与主谓一
has increased
致； 现在完成时与主谓一致
一般现在时被动语态与
is viewed 或 has been
主谓一致；
viewed
2022·年浙江1月 主谓一致；
are；
现在完成时被动语态与
have promised
主谓一致
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
近3年新高考卷对于主谓一致的考查共计16次， 是考查的热点和重点，谓语动词主谓一致主要考查：
1. 一般现在时中的主谓一致；‘’
2. 一般过去时中的主谓一致；
3. 现在完成时中的主谓一致；
4. 被动语态中的主谓一致。
【备考策略】
1. 掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定语从句中的主谓一致；
4. 掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致。
【命题预测】
预计2025年高考主谓一致仍然是考查的重点、难点和热点。主谓一致不会单独考查，一般会与名词、动词
的时态和语态放在一起考查。
必备基础知识：
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：
1. 语法一致原则：就是从语法形式上取得致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,
谓语动词亦为复数形式。
2. 意义一致原则：就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依
意义而定,也采用复数形式。
3. 就近一致原则：是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。
做题时还要保证时态及其他语法及词义的正确性。
01 语法一致原则
语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，
谓语动词用复数形式。My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子不想与我一起度假。
My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 我的孩子们不想与我一起度假。
【名师点津】
1. 当主语后面接由as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather
than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这
些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
Pronunciation as well as grammar changes quickly.
发音与语法一样变化很快。
2. 由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持
一致。
A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.
很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。
A great deal of water is polluted every year.
每年大量的水被污染。
易混点：quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。
Quantities of information are available on the Internet.
在网上可得到大量的信息。
3. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个
句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.
在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。
Russia is upgrading its northern fleet, which includes 18 icebreakers.
俄罗斯正在升级它的北海舰队，准备增加18艘破冰船。
4. 倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后
面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building.
我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词 that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成
分在人称和数上保持一致。
It is Lily who is a doctor.
莉莉是一名医生。
5. 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.
学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。
That he has won the game is known to us all.
他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.
夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。
注意：从句作主语时，若主句谓语部分为系表结构，主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定。
What they need is money while what we need most are textbooks.
他们需要的是钱，而我们最需要的是教科书。
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for
____61the____ first time.
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five
awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】 So far, from swiftly flowing river valleys to mist-covered
mountains, dense forests and steep cliffs, wherever there is water and soil, terraces 4 (dig).
02 意义一致原则
1. and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的
两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
Her teacher and her friends are on holiday.
她的老师和朋友们都在度假中。
The poet and writer has produced many works.
这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。
2.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单
数。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.
每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。
3.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数
名 词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
A number of measures were being taken to protect the endangered animals
人们正采取各种措施保护濒危动物。
The number of staff has declined from 218,000 to 116,000.
员工人数从21.8万下降到了11.6万。
4.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, the
remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.
讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。About one third of the books are worth reading.
这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Only 60 percent of the work was finished yesterday.
昨天只干了60%的活。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，
谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government,
audience等。
The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.
这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。
The class are doing experiments.
全班学生都在做实验。
6.示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand miles is a long distance.
三千英里是一段很长的距离。
7.以s/ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Bad news travels quickly.
[谚语]坏事传千里。
8. 单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意
义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
All means have been tried.
所有方式都试过了。
Every means has been tried.
每一种方式都试过了。
9. “the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The wounded have been cured and the lost have been found.
受伤的人被治愈，同时失踪的人也被找到了.
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s
concerns.
2.【2019·新课标I卷·语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six
___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1.（2023·浙江省金华十校模拟）Lake Powell, the second largest human-made reservoir (水库) in the US, has
lost nearly 7% of its potential storage capacity since it ______ (build) in 1963.
2. 1. All we need _________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruittrees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
03 就近一致原则
1. 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语
动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
Neither Jim nor his parents know anything about it.
吉姆和他母亲都不知道这件事。
2. 在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的
主语保持一致。
There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.
桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。
→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.
桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。
3. many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.
很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。
1．Either the manager or his assistants (is, are) to attend the meeting.
2．Not only the students but also the teacher (be) against the plan at that time.
1.To avoid gathering, neither the students nor their head teacher ________(be) going to the party this evening.
2.Not only some international stars but also the Chinese singer and dancer ______ （give）wonderful
performances at the concert recently.
04 书面表达中主谓不一致易错点聚焦
英语的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与主语保持一致。由于受汉语的影响，许多同学在写作时经常忽略句子
的主谓一致关系，从而出现错误。
例：Once one have time, he can do what he want to do.
人一旦有了时间，他就能想干什么就干什么。
解析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants，本句是典型
的主谓不一致。
改为：Once one has time, he can do what he wants to do.（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2024届河南省濮阳市高三下学期二模】“The promotion of hanfu 39 (become) easier in recent
years.
2.【2024届广东省惠州市高三下学期一模拟考试】Looking ahead, the museum souvenir market in China 50
(expect) to continue growing.
3.【2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试】Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which 3 (make) of
Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country 4
exported overseas.
4.【2024届山东省聊城市高三下学期二模】Chinese acrobatic (杂技) dates back to the Neolithic, when ancient
people developed it from daily life for enjoyment and celebration. The use of daily items such as tables, chairs, bowls
and plates 1 (be) common in their performances.
5.【2024届安徽省马鞍山市高三下学期三模】At the heart of the exhibition, Girl on a Swing 5 (surround)
by block-color paintings and a recreated grassy area, reflecting the artist’s inner world with colors of golden cornfields,
shining sun, and expansive greenery spreading out.
6.【2024届四川省眉山市仁寿县四川省仁寿第一中学校模拟】The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone
of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which 5 (contain) desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that
make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land.
7.【2024届四川省泸州市高三下学期三模】At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su embroidery
items, all of which 29 (sell)to support the family.
8.【2024届河南省开封市高三下学期三模】The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural
relics 36 (determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving
manned submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, 37
researcher at the National Center for Archaeology.
9.【2024届内蒙古自治区赤峰市赤峰市三模】Before the new discovery, the fishing and hunting 45 (know)
to be main activities in Hongshan ancestors’ life.
10.【2024届湖北省高三下学期新高考三模】Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year are as important to them
in Australia as they 4 (be) in China, and will continue to be so.
11.【2024届安徽省合肥市高三下学期二模】Upon return, Huang 8 (appoint) chief scientist of China’s
biggest deep earth exploration program.
12.【2024届江西省景德镇市高三下学期第三次质量检测】This type of embroidery 13 (feature) a
bold use of brilliant colors.Chen Yunzhen, from Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, is a master
of Qiang embroidery.
13.【四川省成都市成实外教育联盟2023-2024学年高三下学期联考】This philosophy 38 (fascinate)
and inspired people in China, as well as those in many Asian countries and more recently in the West, over the course
of many centuries.14.【2024届江西省新余市高三下学期二模】Cleaning must be done before the holiday, 46 (typical) in
January or February, since sweeping after the festivities 47 (see) as removing good luck.
15.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】“I’m just waiting. I trust my team. Once the decision
52 (make), I will review everything. Two years would be long, in the case of one year I might see.
16.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】Guardiola is expected to leave when his current City deal
56 (end) next year but De Bruyne does not see that as a reason to move on himself.
17.【2024届河南省通义大联考高三下学期最后一卷】This is obvious 59 Man City lost the two
Premier League matches which De Bruyne didn’t participate in, scoring none, and it 60 (be) De
Bruyne himself contributing a whole lot to save Man City from being slashed by Real Madrid.
18.【2024届湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟】Dazhai, a village 1 (surround) by mountains on all
sides in Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers
of terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, 2 (attract) tens of thousands
of visitors every year.
19.20.【2024届辽宁省重点高中协作校联考高三下学期4月高考模拟】Porcelain is the creative fruit of 8
working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain 9 (export) worldwide.
【2024届四川省成都市金牛区成都外国语学校高三下学期零诊模拟】In an age of rapidly growing
urbanization, rooftop farming has emerged as a sustainable response 1 the challenge of creating green space in
cities. This innovative practice transforms rooftops into mini farms, where vegetables, fruits, and even flowers 2
(plant), providing local residents with fresh produce and adding a touch of nature to urban environments.
Rooftop farming, also 3 (refer) to as vertical agriculture, is more than just a trend; it’s a step towards
environmental conservation. Green roofs with vegetation help to absorb sunlight and release moisture, cooling the
air and reducing the demand for air conditioning, 4 in turn lessens energy 5 (consume) and carbon
emission. Meanwhile, rooftop farms serve as educational platforms, 6 (teach) city dwellers about sustainable
agriculture practices and the importance of 7 (local) sourced food.
As urban populations continue to grow, rooftop farming fosters community engagement 8 promotes
healthier lifestyles by providing access to fresh and organic produce. When we look towards 9 future where
environmental consciousness and sustainable practices become increasingly vital, rooftop farming stands as a
testament to our ability to cultivate more than just food—we cultivate hope for a 10 (green) and more
resilient (可迅速恢复的) world.
2024年
1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____
first time.
2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost fiveawesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s
concerns.
4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
6.【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the
last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two
halves containing separate portions (份).
2023年
1.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by
the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while
constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to
protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to
discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the
circles.
3.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China
____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
2022年
1.【2022 新高考 I 卷】The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________
(be)previously unprotected....After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP
__________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural
ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural
assets(资产)for future generations”.
2.【2022全国甲卷】In the last five years, Cao ___________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents
3.【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
________（view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
4.【2022年浙江卷1月】But Cobb and others ________ （be） now questioning that idea pushing conferences
to provide more chances to participate remotely, and ________（change） their personal behavior to do their part
in dealing with the climate change crisis. ...On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200
academics —many of them climate scientists __________ （promise） to fly as little as possible since the effort
started two years ago.
5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
6.【2022年北京卷】 This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____(have) no recognisable smell.7.【2022年北京卷】The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300%
since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
8.【2022年天津卷第二次】 Food and medical supplies________ to all the residents after the hurricane last
Sunday.
A. distribute B. distributed
C. are distributed D. were distributed
9. 【2022年天津卷第二次】Critical reasoning, together with problem-solving, ________ teenagers to make
better decisions.
A. prepare B. prepares
C. is preparing D. are preparing
2021年
1.【2021.6 新高考 1 卷】What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can't help wondering how hard
it 6 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
2.【2021.6 全国甲卷】It 1 (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored（修复）.
3.【2021.6 浙江卷】It doesn't impress like George Washington's plantation on the Pohomac, but Lincoln's home in
downtown Springfield, Illinois, 1 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the publie.
4.【2021.6 浙江卷】Mary's niece wrote, pretty, "The little home 5 (paint) white.
5.【2021.1 浙江卷】 It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 4 (consider) healthy.
6.【2021.1 浙江卷】In cities, however, the gain 6 (be) 1.3 in women and 1.6 in men.
7．【2021年天津卷第一次】We ________ quite enough work for the morning; now let's take a break.
A．have done B．will do C．had done D．were doing
8．【2021年天津卷第一次】Currently, about 35,000 works ________ in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it
would take a lifetime to see everything.
A．were displaying B．are displaying
C．were being displayed D．are being displayed
