文档内容
第 18 讲 主谓一致
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································1
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································4
基础详单
知识点1 主谓一致概述···········································································································4
知识点2 主谓一致命题原则···································································································4
考点一 语法一致原则
知识点1 谓语动词用单数的情况······························································································4
知识点2 谓语动词单复数多变的情况······················································································5
考点二 意义一致原则 ····························································································································5
考点三 就近一致原则 ····························································································································6
考点四 主谓一致易错点·························································································································7
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ···································································································································7
2.命题演练···································································································································8年份 卷别 现在时 过去时 将来时（含被动）
新高考I卷 walks
新高考II卷 were
2024
全国甲卷 were
浙江卷1月 have started
北京卷 gives was named; jogged
新高考II卷 wished
全国甲卷 become改为becomes make → made (can) be employed
2023 全国乙卷 was amazed
浙江卷1月 featured
北京卷 has established had arrived would throw
新高考I卷 is designed were
新高考II卷 were fixing; threw
全国甲卷 has walked was-were; become-
2022 became
全国乙卷 lives-live; 去掉have后的been addressed
北京卷 has; has increased
浙江卷1月 is viewed/has been viewed;are；
have promised
新高考I卷 was
新高考II卷 was
2021 全国甲卷 are改为is was built; hired
全国乙卷 删去are
北京卷 connects
全国I卷 means; is constructed touched
全国II卷 carries start改为started
2020
全国III卷 had改成have pointed (would) be chosen
新高考卷 are called; is formed
全国I卷 has reported；are
全国II卷 have made declared
2019
recommended；
全国III卷 required改为requires
were invited
北京卷 voiced
分析近年高考真题可知，高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。
近年对对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定，但又稳中求变，注重在复杂语境中考查句子的
语态，且长句有增加的趋势。
【复习目标】
考情
分析 1. 系统复习并掌握主谓一致的基本知识。
2. 熟练掌握主谓一致用法易错点。
3. 强化在复杂语境中识别真正主语的能力。【基础详单】
知识点1 主谓一致基本原则
主谓一致: 指主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致，主语的单、复数形式决定了谓语动词的形式。主谓一
致的基本原则即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
语法一致原则：即在语法形式上一致。
意义一致原则：即从意义上一致。如主语形式上虽然是单数但意义是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式；主语
形式上虽然是复数但在意义上看作单数，谓语动词也用单数形式。
就近一致原则：即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
知识点2 主谓一致命题原则
1. 主谓一致主要考查判断句子的主语及主语的单复数形式,从句作主语及定语从句中的主谓一致也会涉及。
主谓一致常和时态、语态、倒装、主语从句、定语从句一起考查,以及与判断名词的可数与不可数、判断
句子的主语相结合考查。
2.主谓一致中and, as well as, together with 等连接并列成分,不定代词、非谓语动词、从句作主语等常考查。
3.主谓一致的就近一致原则和“分数/百分数/the only one/the majority/ all/the rest of 等+名词"作主语时主
谓一致的情况也是考查的热点。
考点一 语法一致原则
知识点1 谓语动词用单数的情况
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、数量、重量的名词时作主语时。
2. 当形式上是复数，但意义是单数的名词作主语时，如news, maths, plastics, physics等。
3. 国名、机构、人名或书名作主语时。以s/ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。4. 不定代词或由表示单数意义的each, either, no one, nothing等修饰的名词作主语时。
5. “A/an +可数名词单数+or two”作主语时；“one or two+名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
6. 动词不定式、动名词或从句作主语时。
知识点2 谓语动词单、复数多变的情况
1. 当主语后面接由 as well as, accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather
than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，
这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。
2. 由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一
致。
3. 倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致
a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后
面的主语是复数，动词用复数。
A building stands in front of us.
→In front of us stands a building. 我们面前矗立着一栋楼。
b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词 that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成
分在人称和数上保持一致。
It is Lily who is a doctor. 莉莉是一名医生。
典例1.（2024年广西南宁市高三一模）Princess Wencheng _______(appreciate) by Tibetan people soon after
she arrived at Tibet, because she taught the locals farming techniques， greatly improving the yield (产量) of the
land.
典例2.（2024年吉林省东北师范大学附属中学二模试题）“The studying method (improve) us a lot
in the past three years since we were taught to finish research projects and writing tasks,” one of the students said.
变式训练1. My routine diet (consist) of fruit, milk, vegetables and rice.
变式训练2. Reading articles and short posts (play) an important role in integrating knowledge and
achievements.
变式训练3. It was dark at that moment but some children (wander) around instead of going home.
考点二 意义一致原则
1. and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示
同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。
2. 定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句
子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。
3. 分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。the rest, theremaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。
4.“a series of/a kind of/a piece of/a pair of等+名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词与表示计量单位的名词
形式保持一致。
5. 集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓
语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government,
audience等。
6.“the+形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
典例1.（2024年浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校检测）In Sichuan, local chefs add the best soup to the noodle, in
which chicken (boil) for eight hours before being filtered (过滤) to make it nearly as clear as water.
典例2.（2024年四川省五市联考月考）Chongqing Hotpot is the staple dish of the city. Hotpot restaurants in
Chongqi ng are everywhere — if you look up on the street you are in, chances are that you (stand) exactly
near a hotpot restaurant.
变式训练1.（2024届贵州省遵义市高三下学期第二次模拟测试）Chinese sauerkraut, a pickle which ______
(make) of Chinese cabbage, is a traditional specialty of the northeastern region and is now sold around the country
and exported overseas.
变式训练 2.（2024·河北省保定市保定市部分高中期中）With a combination of resistance to diseases and
insects, some of the trees (claim) to be more than 2,500 years old.
考点三 就近一致原则
1. 由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词
常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
2. 在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语
保持一致。
3. many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
典例1．(2024年全国高三专项训练) Not only students but also their teacher (object) to the plan.
典例2．(2024年全国高三专项训练) There (be) some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling
team.
变式训练1．Not only Jim but also his parents (be) fond of playing basketball.
变式训练2．Not only the animals but also the forest in the animated (动画的) film (look) so real!考点四 主语一致易错点
1.“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。
2.“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名
词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
3.单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来
决定谓语动词的单复数形式。
4.当man作“人类”，the world（世界上的人）讲作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
典例. The number of people, who have access to their own cars, (rise) sharply in the past decade.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024年北京卷）When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps
us identify important areas of our lives and ______ (give) us the opportunity to make right choices.
2.（2024年北京卷） His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I ______
(jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!”
3.（2024新高考I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ________ (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the
first time.
4.（2024年浙江卷1月语法填空）Over the last two years, some supermarkets ________ (start) selling chicken
or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
5.（2022年全国甲卷语法填空）In the last five years, Cao ________ (walk) through 34 countries in six
continents.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024年河南省开封市高三三模）The precise locations of the shipwrecks and the associated cultural relics
(determine) through the use of oceanographic technology and underwater investigations involving manned
submersibles, which conducted 41 dives throughout the year, as confirmed by Song Jianzhong, a researcher at the
National Center for Archaeology.
2.（2024 年四川省泸州市高三下学期三模）At the age of 6, she started to help her mother to make Su
embroidery items, all of which (sell)to support the family.
3.（2024年全国高三专项训练）No one but John and his teachers (know) the truth of theexperiment.
4.（2024年河南省通义大联考高三考前模拟）Guardiola is expected to leave when his current City deal_____
(end) next year but De Bruyne does not see that as a reason to move on himself.
5.（2024年湖南省永州市高三下学期第三次模拟）Dazhai, a village surrounded by mountains on all sides in
Guangxi's Longsheng autonomous county of various ethnic groups, which boasts around 66 square kilometers of
terraced (梯田形的) fields that have been cultivated for around 2,300 years, ___ (attract) tens of thousands
of visitors every year.
6.（2024年广西南宁市高三一模）The famous historical painting “Emperor Taizong Receiving the Tibetan
Envoy (使团)”，created by remarkable painter Yan Liben(601-673), (shine) brilliantly in the Palace
Museum on April 29, 2023.
7.（2024年重庆高三模拟）So far, a total of 90 films and TV series from 7,024 submission s by artists of 104
countries and regions like the US, India and Iran (select) for the next stage.
8.（2024 年安徽皖江名校联盟 10 月阶段考试）Best known for its skillful and delicate needlework, Su
embroidery
(praise)for its use of the finest threads, balanced compositions, dense stitching (密集的针法) and smooth
finish.
9.（2024年全国高三专项训练）It is cutting down of trees that (destroy) the habitats of animals.
10.（2024届江西省景德镇市高三第三次质量检测）This type of embroidery (feature) a bold use of
brilliant colors.Chen Yunzhen, from Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in Sichuan Province, is a master of
Qiang embroidery.
