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专题 08 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
目 录
动词的时态和语态及主谓一致 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
一、单项选择-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2
二 、 单 句 语 法 填
空-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14
三 、 完 成 句
子-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------20动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
一、单项选择
1. （2019·江苏） 22.The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three
months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了
十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除AD选项。本句主语为
the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第
三人称单数形式。故选B。
2.（2019·江苏）29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people
and culture there.
A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell
【答案D
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在 had arrived之
后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。
3.（2019·江苏）33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer
Olympics.
A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在2022年北京冬奥会之前安装5G终端。表示在将来某
一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。“5G终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动
语态，故选B。
4.（2019·天津）2.I __________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it.
A. had hoped B. am hopingC. have hoped D. would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在 Peter结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个
分句中“couldn’t”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完成时。故选A。
5.（2019·天津）8.Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last
week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据
last week可知应用过去时，排除选项A和B。as well as连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的
主语是Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动。故选C。
6. （2018·江苏）30. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two
years.
A. had been carried out B. would be carried out
C. is being carried out D. has been carried out
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是如何执行的。根据句中
时间状语last month和in the past two years可知用过去完成时。故选A。
7.（2018·北京）1. —Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around?
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday.
A. start B. have started
C. started D. had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。——你好，彼得。
我是鲍勃。我周一刚刚开始住在这儿。根据两人谈话内容可知，Bob现在在这儿，他开始(start)住在这儿是
发生在周一的事情，周一是一个过去的时间，故该句应用一般过去时态，C选项正确。
8.（2018·北京）4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I
visited her last year.
A. is working B. was working
C. has worked D. had worked【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：Susan已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做
志愿者。Susan辞职发生在她当志愿者之前，had quit是过去完成时态，过去完成时态通俗的说就是“过去
的过去”，且结合时间状语when I visited her last year可知，Susan做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情
况，故该空应用过去进行时态。B选项正确。
9.（2018·北京）7. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A. are growing B. have grown
C. will grow D. had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的几年里，中国的高速铁路已经从9,000公里增长到25,000公里。该句
时间状语为in the past few years。中国高速铁路的增长是从过去一直到现在几年里的情况，故该句应用现在
完成时态。B选项正确。
10.（2018·北京）9. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _________ in the mountains for two
days.
A. are trapping B. have been trapped C. were trapping D. had been trapped
【答案】D
【解析】考查语态和时态。句意：一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天的旅游者。
“who ___ in the mountains for two days”是定语从句，修饰two tourists，two tourists和trap之间是被动关
系，该空应用被动语态。由risked可知，营救人员救游客是过去的事情，被困两天发生在营救人员救了他
们之前，即“过去的过去”，该空应用过去完成时态。综上，D选项正确。
11.（2018·天津）13. My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.
A. was repaired B. is repaired
C. is being repaired D. has been repaired
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：这周我的洗衣机正在修，所以我不得不手洗衣服。根据后句so I have to wash
my clothes by hand.可知，洗衣机正在修，故用现在进行时态的被动语态。故选C。
12.（2018·江苏）31. Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e-mailing each other, for we _______ more
convenient electronic communication tools by then.
A. have developed B. had developed
C. will have developed D. developed
【答案】C【解析】考查时态。句意：希望在2025年，我们不再互相发电子邮件，因为到那时候我们将开发更方便的
电子通信工具。根据时间状语in 2025，可知用将来时；再根据时间状语by then到那时，可知用完成时。
结合两者可知用将来完成时。故选C。
13.（2017·北京卷）24. —______ that company to see how they think of our product yesterday?
—Yes. They are happy with it.
A. Did you call B. Have you called C. Will you call D. Were you calling
【答案】A
【解析】句意：--你昨天有没有给那家公司打电话问问他们对我们的产品感觉怎么样？--打了，他们此刻正
用得很开心。空格所在题干有一个很明显的时间状语yesterday，发生在过去，肯定用过去式，故选A。
14.（2017·天津）8. I ________down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
A. was driving B. have driven
C. would drive D. drove
【答案】A
【解析】句意：我正开车去伦敦这时我突然发现我走错路了。根据固定句型：was/ were doing sth + when
(suddenly) did ... 句意：正在做某事，就在这时（那时）突然，根据句意，故选A。
【名师点睛】这时考查与时态有关的固定句型。：was/ were doing sth + when (suddenly) did ... 这时一个常
用固定句型，是学生必须掌握的重点句型之一，词句型还有另外两种结构：was / were about to do + when
did ; had done + when + did 。 在这三个句型中，when引导的并列句，意为：就在这时（那时）突然....。
15.（2017·江苏卷）27. He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he _______.
A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed
【答案】A
【解析】
试题分析：考查动词的时态和语态。he和follow是动宾关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B/D；根据句意
“在
匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否被跟踪”，用过去进行时最合适，故选A。句意：他匆匆忙忙往家
赶，就是不回头看一看是否有人跟踪自己。
16.（2017·江苏卷）31.He’s been informed that he _______ for the scholarship because of his academic
background.
A. hasn’t qualified B. hadn’t qualified C. doesn’t qualify D. wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他已经被告知由于教育背景的原因而没有资格获得奖学金。qualify for
sth达标，获得参赛资格。由于条件不满足而没有资格做某事，是客观事实，故选C。
17.（2017·北京卷）33. People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as aresult.
A. will have B. have
C. had D. had had
【答案】B
【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保险，结果他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以 than前一句
话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。
18.（2017·北京卷）29. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones
_______ yet.
A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented
C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在美国20世纪50年代的时候，大多数的家庭家里只有一部电话，并且无线电话还根本没
有发明出来。根据句意可知用被动语态，排除AC，事情发生在过去，与现在无关，不用现在完成时，排
除B，故选D，过去完成时的被动语态。
19.（2016·浙江）9. Silk ______ one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
A.had become B. was becoming C. has become D.is becoming
【答案】A
【解析】句意：到公元前100年为止，丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商品之一。时间状语是 by+过
去时间，谓语用过去完成时。故选A。
20.（2016·北京）21. Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A. works B. has worked
C. was working D. would work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据 occurred可知，这里指过去某时刻
正在发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选C。
21.（2016·北京）23. —Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for?
—The new Star Wars. We ________ here for more than two hours.
A. waited B. wait
C. would be waiting D. have been waiting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：——打扰了，你们在等哪一部电影？——《星球大战》，我们已经在这儿等了两个多小时了。“for+时间段”与完成时连用，根据语境可知，说话的时候仍然在等，因此用现在完成进
行时，故选D。
22.（2016·北京）I ________ half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend.
A. read B. have read
C. am reading D. will read
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末会尽力把另一半看完。发生在过去的
动作对现在产生影响，用现在完成时。“看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成
时，故选B。
23.（2016·北京）30. The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ________ with
success in the end.
A. rewarded B. were rewarded C. will reward D. will be rewarded
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。根据
句意可知，回报是将来要发生的事情，应该用将来时；efforts和reward是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，
故选D。
24.（2016·江苏）22.More efforts, as reported, ______in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural
reform.
A. are made B. will be made C. are beingmade D. have been made
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给结构改革的速
度。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead在未来的几年里”和将来时连用，且efforts与动词make构成被动
关系，所以使用被动语态。所以要使用一般将来时的被动语态形式，故B正确。
25.（2016·江苏）29.Dashan, who _________crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it
up
with the Western stand-up tradition.
A. will be learning B. is learning C. had been learning D. has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。本句的时间状语是“for decades几十年来”，该时间状语通常和现在完成的有关时态
连用，本句强调这几十年来大山一直努力把中国相声和西方的脱口秀相结合。所以使用现在完成进行时，强调动作的延续性和反复性。故D正确。
26.（2016·天津）3. When walking down the street, I came across David, when I _____ for years.
A. didn’t see B. haven’t seen C. hadn’t seen D. wouldn’t see
【答案】C
【解析】句意：当沿着街道散步的时候，我遇见了多年未见的 David。根据语境，“not see”这个动作发生
在come across之前，是过去的过去发生的动作，用过去完成时。故选C。
27.（2015·北京）22.--Did you enjoy the party?
--Yes, we ________ by our hosts.
A. were treated B. would be treated.
C. treated D. had treated
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——你喜欢这个聚会吗？——是的，我们的主人很好的招待了我们。根据上一句中的did
可知用一般过去时；且we和treated是动宾关系，用被动语态。空中应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选
A。
28.（2015·北京）26.In the last few years, China ___ great achievements in environmental protection.
A. has made B. had made C. was making D. is making
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在过去的这些年里，中国在环境保护中取得了很大的成就。由时间状语in the last few years
可推知动作从过去一段时间持续到现在并对现在造成影响，用现在完成时。故选A。
29.（2015·北京）27.—Did you have difficulty finding Ann's house?
—Not really. She ___us clear directions and we were able to find it. Easily?
A. was to give B. had given
C. was giving D. would give
【答案】B
【解析】句意：——你觉得找到安娜家的位置困难么?——不会。她告诉我们很清晰的方向，并且我们很
容易就找到了。根据题干可知，安娜告诉他们方向发生在他们找到她家之前，因此，发生在过去动作之前
的动作要采用过去完成时。故选B。
30.（2015·北京）30. —Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.
—All right. I____ him later.
A. will call B. have called C. call D will be calling
【答案】A【解析】句意：——Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。——好的，我待会再打给他。由later可知，表示的是将
来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。
31.（2015·重庆）1. —Is Peter coming?
—No, he____ his mind after a phone call at the last minute.
A. changes B. changed
C. was changing D. had changed
【答案】B
【解析】句意：彼得来了吗？没有，刚才接到一个电话后改变主意了。根据at the last minute在最后一秒可
能发生在过去，故用一般过去时。
32.(2015·重庆)13. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat____ cut.
A. will have been B. will be C. was D.
has been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：在我的家乡，麦子丰收过后农民会有一个庆祝晚餐。现在完成时表示动作已经完成，才会
举行庆祝活动，故选D项。
33.(2015·浙江)8. Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous
scientist whose theories would change the world.
A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was
【答案】C
【解析】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将
会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有 C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将
来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是
for加一段时间），B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之
前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)，C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此
刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来），D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。
结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词would（will 的过去时，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是
C。
34.(2015·天津)9. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement______ so far by the two sides.
A. has been reached B. was reached
C. will reach D. will have reached
【答案】A【解析】句意：尽管之前多轮谈判，但到目前为止双方没有达成任何协议。根据句中的时间状语 so far“到
目前为止”可知用现在完成时。主语agreement与reach为被动关系，根据句意可知选A。
35.(2015·天津)6. Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ______ a class at that
time.
A. will teach B. would teach
C. has taught D. will be teaching
【答案】D
【解析】句意：简不能参加今天下午3点钟的会议，因为她那个时候在一个班上课。根据句中的时间状语
at that time，指代at 3 o’clock this afternoon，表示在将来的某一时刻正在做某事，故用将来完成时。故选
D。
36.(2015·四川)4.More expressways in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.
A. are being built B. will be built C. have been built D. had been built
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。本句为时态题，根据时间状语soon可知，考查了将来时，故选择B。句意为：四川将
建设更多的高速公路以促进当地的经济。
37.(2015·陕西)24. At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United
States of America.
A. was to become B. becomes C. is to become D. became
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在大学的时候，奥巴马不知道他将成为美国第一个黑人总统。用过去将来时表示过去某个
时间将要发生的事情，所以选A。
38.(2015·陕西)22. Mary really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.
A. worked B. has been working C. had worked D. has worked
【答案】B
【解析】句意：Marty一直努力写书，我想他到周五为止将已经完成了。用现在完成进行时表示从过去到
现在一直进行的动作。所以选B。
39.(2015·福建)30.—Where is Peter? I can't find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and _______ his essay there ever since.
A. wrote B. had written
B. C. has been writing D. is writing
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在完成进行时。根据句意：---彼得在那里，我哪儿都找不到他。---他在早餐过后就去了图书馆，然后自从那以后他就一直在那里写论文。从句意中可以知道彼得是吃过早餐之后去了图书馆，从那
个时候开始他就一直在写论文，这个动作一直延续到了现在，所以用现在完成时。现在完成进行时表示动
作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在。故选C
40.(2015·福建)26.To my delight, I________ from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
A. was chosen B. was being chosen C. would choose D. had chosen
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态和语态。根据句意：让我高兴的是，我从成百上千的参加者中被选中参加开幕式。可以
知道这里应该是被动语态，又因为被选中是过去发生的事情，这里只是对过去发生的事情的一般描述，故
用一般过去式，故选A。
41.(2015·江苏)30.The real reason why prices ____ , and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can
satisfactorily explain this problem.
A. were B. will be C. have been D. had been
【答案】A
【解析】句意：过去和现在价格一直居高不下的真正原因很复杂，简短的讨论解释这一问题无法让人满
意。根据题干中“and still are”的提示可知过去价格也居高不下，故用一般过去时，表示过去的状态。故选
A项。
42.(2015·安徽)29.It is reported that a space station ______ on the moon in years to come.
A. will be building B. will be built C. has been building D. has been built
【答案】B
【解析】句意：据报道，人们在接下来的几年里将在月球上建一个空间站。根据“in years to come”可知用
将来时，space station和build是动宾关系，应该使用被动语态，故选B。
43.(2015·安徽)24.Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I ______ my bank in the cafe.
A. have left B. had left
C. would leave D. was leaving
【答案】B
【解析】句意：我刚一到学校门口，就意识到我把书落在餐馆了。realized后省略了that，这里是一个宾语
从句，从句时态与主句保持一致，“落下”的动作发生在“意识到”之前，应该用过去完成时，故选B。
44.(2015·湖南)28.He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why
are you staring at me like that?"
A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at
【答案】C【解析】过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作，如果没有具体的时间，可以从意
义上去把握。句意：他一定是注意到我在看着他。他突然看向我然后轻声问道：“你为什么要那样盯着我
看？”根据分析，此句在意义上应该用进行时，又根据此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是过去
进行时，故选C
45．（天津市红桥区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中）By the time my mother came back from work, my sister
and I ______ supper and were waiting for her at the table.
A．have cooked B．had cooked C．were cooking D．would cook
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：妈妈下班回来的时候，我和妹妹已经做好晚饭，在饭桌上等她。根据By
the time my mother came back from work可知，妈妈下班回来发生在过去，做饭发生在妈妈回来之前，因此
为过去的过去，用过去完成时，构成had done结构，had cooked符合题意。故选B项。
46．（天津市南开区2023-2024学年高三上学期期中）—You look tired.
—Yes, we ______ two rooms since morning and we haven’t finished yet.
A．have painted B．have been painting C．are painting D．painted
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：——你看起来很累。——是的，从早上开始我们已经粉刷了两个房间，但还没
有完成。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，we和paint为主动关系，且由since以及we haven’t finished yet可
知，这里时态应用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继
续下去。故选B项。
47．（天津市第四十七中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月期中）The other day, the famous director together
with the actors in this film, ________ to attend the film festival to be held next month.
A．was invited B．were invited C．have been invited D．has been invited
【答案】A
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：前几天，这位著名导演和这部电影中的一些演员被邀请参加
下个月举行的电影节。A. was invited被邀请；B. were invited被邀请；C. have been invited已被邀请；D has
been invited已被邀请。together with连接并列主语用“就前原则”，主语the famous director为单数，谓语
动词应用第三人称单数形式，排除BC，根据句意可知，director与invite是被动关系，结合The other day
可知为一般过去时态，空处应为一般过去时的被动语态，故选A项。
48．（天津市耀华中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学检测）—We haven’t heard from uncle Wang for such a
long time.—What do you suppose ______ to him?
A．to happen B．having happened C．happened D．that happened
【答案】C
【解析】考查谓语动词。——我们好久没有收到王叔叔的信了。——你认为他发生了什么事？分析句子结
构可知，do you suppose为插入语，所以该句中what作主语，句中缺少谓语动词，根据上文中“很久没收
到王叔叔的信了”可知，此处询问的是“在没收到王叔叔信的这段时间他发生了生么事”，所以应使用一
般过去时，且happen与句子主语之间为主动关系。故选C项。
49．（天津市静海区第一中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考）It was reported that most of the disabled
in this city _____ in favor of the health care reform.
A．were B．was C．are D．is
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：据报道，这个城市的大多数残疾人都赞成医疗改革。分析句子
结构，根据前文的was可知，应该用一般过去时，主语是most of the disabled为复数。故选A项。
50．（天津市第一百中学2023-2024学年高三上学期阶段性检测（1））We __________down to London
when we suddenly found that we were on the wrong road.
A．were driving B．have driven C．would drive D．drove
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：我们正开车去伦敦，突然发现走错了路。此处为句型 sb. be doing sth. when...表
示“某人正在做某事，这时……”，根据后文 when we suddenly found可知，空处应用过去进行时，即
were driving。故选A。
二、用单词的适当形式填空（单句语法填空）
1. （2024·广西北海市高三上学期一模）Art lovers in New Zealand (enjoy) 2, 000 books from China
and more than 200 paintings from both countries at a China-themed book exhibition in Waipa on Sept. 15.
【答案】enjoyed
【解析】考查时态。句意：9月15日，在新西兰怀帕举行的中国主题书展上，新西兰的艺术爱好者们欣赏
了2000本来自中国的书籍和200多幅来自两国的画作。根据时间状语“on Sept. 15”可知，谓语动词使用一
般过去时，故填enjoyed。
2.（2024·河南省六市重点高中10月调研） “During the fishing civilization period, roads (construct)
poorly, so water systems became key routes of transportation,” states LUO Studio. “Bridges needed to be walkable,
while also ensuring more space for boats to pass through, so traditional bridge construction techniques in Chinaadopted arches (拱形) to create space.”
【答案】were constructed
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：“在捕鱼文明时期，道路建设很差，因此水系成为交通的主
要路线。”罗工作室说。根据“During the fishing civilization period”可知，此处应用一般过去时。动词
construct意为“建设”，和主语roads构成被动关系。故填were constructed。
3.（2024·湖北省腾云联盟10月联考）With extreme differences in altitude, Chongqing’s authorities
(force) to seek an alternative to conventional trains when they needed to transform its public transport system and
monorail’s ability to negotiate steep climbs and tight bends made it the ideal solution. Finally, Chongqing
Monorail emerged.
【答案】were forced
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：由于海拔高度差异极大，重庆当局在需要改造公共交通系统
时，被迫寻求替代传统火车的交通工具，单轨铁路在陡坡和急转弯方面的能力使其成为理想的解决方案。
分析句子结构可知，设空处为本句谓语动词。时间状语从句中谓语动词使用了一般过去时，主语authorities
与动词force之间构成被动关系，且为复数形式，可知应使用一般过去时态的被动语态，be动词用were。
故填 were forced。
4.（2024•山西省名校联考）The first stage (schedule) to last from August 21 to September 20, with a
focus on the sharpbelly and other species of small-sized fish.
【答案】was scheduled
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：第一阶段计划从8月21日持续到9月20日，重点是尖腹鱼和其他小型鱼类。
根据句中的“from August 21 to September 20”可知，此处讲述过去的事情，并且主语stage (单数意义)承受
schedule的动作，因此谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was scheduled。
5.（2024·山西省名校联考）With thousands of fishing lights blanketing its surface, Erhai Lake in Dali Bai
Autonomous Prefecture, southwest China’s Yunnan Province, (offer) a splendid night view since the
annual ecological regulation of fish populations in Erhai Lake began on August 21.
【答案】has offered
【解析】考查时态。句意：自8月21日开始对洱海鱼类种群进行年度生态调控以来，中国西南部云南省大
理白族自治州的洱海湖面上布满了数千盏渔灯，呈现出灿烂的夜景。since引导的时间状语从句谓语动词使
用过去式began，主句谓语动词使用现在完成时，主语Erhai Lake为单数意义。故填has offered。
6.（2024·吉林省长春市东北师范大学附属中学第二次模拟）Chinese Advanced Placement (CAP) is a project
started by the Ministry of Education, enabling students to study college courses in a range of subjects in highschool. After the courses (complete), credits from the courses can be taken into college.
【答案】are completed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：课程完成后，这些课程的学分可以被计入大学。句子是描述
一个事实，且主语courses和动词complete之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是名词复
数，故填are completed。
7.（2024·四川省成都市第七中学月考）Children with strong family connections are associated with a high
likelihood of flourishing in life, according to a new study. Researchers (survey)over 37, 000 children in
26 countries and found adolescents having a great bond with their family also successful in life.
【答案】surveyed
【解析】考查时态。句意：研究人员调查了26个国家的37000多名儿童，发现与家人关系密切的青少年在
生活中也很成功。动词survey意思是“调查”，根据连词and后面的found可知，句子用一般过去时，故
用survey的过去式surveyed，作谓语。故填surveyed。
8.（2024·浙江省绍兴蕺山外国语学校9月检测）Signature dishes of Sichuan cuisine include hot and sour
noodles with sea cucumber. This noodle dish has around 200 years of history. Gold thread noodles
(originate) in Henan province and then spread to Jiangyisu and Zhejiang provinces, before reaching Sichuan.
【答案】originated
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：金丝面起源于河南省，后来传播到江苏省和浙江省，然后到达四川。谓语
动词 originate 意为“起源于”，结合句意和并列谓语 spread 可知，句子用一般过去时，故用过去式
originated。故填originated。
9.（2024·河北省保定市保定市部分高中期中）Because ginkgoes (be) around for so long, people have used
them for many purposes. It’s commonly used for memory and thought problems, vision problems and many other
conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support) most of these uses,
【答案】have been
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：由于银杏树已经存在了很长时间，人们将其用于多种用途。根据句
中的时间状语“for so long”可知，这里应用现在完成时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，而且还有可能继续
下去。主语ginkgoes表示复数，谓语应用复数形式。故填have been。
10.（2024·湖南省长沙市第一中学月考卷（三））To make the second form of landscapes, the stones must be
carved, chemically changed and arranged in a pretty pan pot dotted with miniature pavilions, bridges, boats, lichen
(地衣) and other plants. With the finest workmanship, the elements are arranged to agree with the laws of nature,
reflecting the natural scenery with poetic charm: “ Mountains extending hundreds of miles all (contain) ina pot so small. ”
【答案】are contained
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：以最精细的工艺，将元素安排得符合自然规律，反映出富有诗意的
自然风光：“山伸百里，皆装于一壶之小。”分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词，Mountains和动词contain
为被动关系，结合句意可知，该句为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，且主语Mountains是复数，be动词应
用are。故填are contained。
11.（2024·湖南省长郡中学月考）The Analects of Confucius is a fine example of world literature, and the
publication of the Maltese version of the ancient Chinese book will further enhance cultural exchanges between
China and Malta, says Maltese Sinologist and translator of the book Salvatore Giuffre. It is the first time that the
book (translate) into Maltese.
【答案】has been translated
【解析】考查固定句型和时态语态。句意：这是这本书第一次被翻译成马耳他语。It+is/was+the
first/second/.../last time+that+sb. has/had done sth.为固定句型，表示“这是某人第几次做某事”，该句型主句
中be动词是is时，从句中谓语动词用has/have done，be动词是was时，从句中谓语动词用had done，本句
中是“It is the first time that...”，所以从句中应使用现在完成时has/have done结构；又因动词translate与主
语the book之间是被动关系，所以应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，助动词用 has。故填has
been translated。
12.（2024·湖南省长郡中学月考）The Maltese version is complete with an introduction to the life of Confucius,
the era he (live) in, his teachings and the key concepts, terms, names and figures mentioned in the book.
【答案】lived
【解析】考查时态。句意：马耳他语版完整地介绍了孔子的生平、他生活的时代、他的教义以及书中提到的关
键概念、术语、名字和人物。分析句子可知，live(生活)是定语从句中谓语动词，与主语he之间是主动关系，结
合句意，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故填lived。
13.（2024·湖南省雅礼中学月考（二））Lately China’s leading liquor producer, Kweichow Moutai, and
domestic coffee chain, Luckin Coffee, (generate) significant buzz with their new baijiu-flavored latte,
which quickly sold out in Beijing.
【答案】have generated
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：最近，中国领先的白酒生产商贵州茅台和国内咖啡连锁店瑞幸咖啡
推出了新款白酒味拿铁，引起了极大的轰动，在北京很快就卖光了。由Lately可知，句子时态用现在完成
时，主语“China’s leading liquor producer, Kweichow Moutai, and domestic coffee chain, Luckin Coffee”是复数，因此空格处是have generated。故填have generated。
14.（2024·河北省张家口市第一中学期中）Fan Yang (grow) up in Nantong, a city abundant in
cultural riches dating back to ancient times. He came from a famous literary family, whose influence grounded in
him a solid foundation and love of traditional culture and painting.
【答案】grew
【解析】考查时态。句意：范扬在南通长大，南通自古以来就有丰富的文化财富。根据句意以及后句中
came可知，句子描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填grew。
15.（2024·河北省张家口市第一中学期中）In 1978, Fan Yang (admit) to the Art Department of
Nanjing Normal University, a school with a 120-year history.
【答案】was admitted
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：1978年，范扬考入南京师范大学艺术系，一所已有120年的历史的学
校。根据时间状语in 1978可知，句子应用一般过去时，admit与主语Fan Yang之间是被动关系，应用被动
语态，且主语Fan Yang是单数，be动词应用was。故填was admitted。
16.（2024·福建省八县（市、区）一中联考）The Kepler-90 star system is much more compact (紧凑的) than
our solar system. The outermost planet (orbit) the star at about the same distance as the earth goes around
the sun. Its inner planets are smaller and rocky
but the outer ones are larger and made up of gas.
【答案】orbits
【解析】考查时态与主谓一致。句意：这颗最外层的行星绕恒星公转的距离与地球绕太阳公转的距离差不
多。分析句子可知，orbit作谓语，讲述客观事实用一般现在时，主语planet是单数，谓语动词用单数。故
填orbits。
17.（2024·福建省八县（市、区）一中联考）The discovery was made on data provided by the Kepler space
telescope. Launched in March 2009, the telescope has constantly been looking into certain sections of the universe in
search of new stars and planetary systems. Up to now, over 2,000 new systems 43 (discover).
【答案】have been discovered
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：截至目前，已有超过2000个新系统被发现。分析句子可知，discover
是谓语动词，与主语system是被动关系，由时间状语Up to now可知，用现在完成时，且主语systems是复
数，故填have been discovered。
18.（2024·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）Kungfu or martial arts can only 39 (master)through hard
work and practice, which contains rich yet profound Chinese philosophy, whether in curing diseases and improvinghealth, or in conquering the enemy and preventing conflict. Kungfu can even have an effect on the daily lives of
Kungfu fighters.
【答案】be mastered
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：功夫或武术只有通过努力和实践才能掌握，无论是在治疗疾病和改善健康
方面，还是在征服敌人和防止冲突方面，都包含着丰富而深刻的中国哲学。can后缺少动词原形，主语
“功夫或武术”与master构成被动关系，谓语用情态动词的被动语态。故填be mastered。
19.（2024·福建省漳州市第一次教学质量检测）All styles or schools of martial art originate from Shaolin
Temple. So far, Shaolin Kungfu 41 (become)a window of Chinese culture to the world, which also turns
Shaolin Temple into the most influential “holy land” of martial arts in the world.
【答案】has become
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：至今，少林功夫已成为中国文化向世界展示的窗口，这也使少林寺成为世界上
最具影响力的武术“圣地”。空处缺少句子的谓语，根据So far可知，句子为现在完成时，主语Shaolin Kungfu
为单数。故填has become。
20.（2024·河北省沧州市联考）Yao people in the area (observe)the festival for centuries. Tradition has it
that the celebration ceremony is held between the famous terraced rice fields in this area.
【答案】have observed/have been observing
【解析】考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，该地区的瑶族一直在庆祝这个节日。根据后面的for centuries可
知，本句应使用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时（强调动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并会持续到将
来），主语Yao peoples是复数，助动词用have。故填have observed/have been observing。
21.（2024·河北省开学检测）In China, the traditional Solar term culture is still useful today to guide people’s
lives. The solar terms (create) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. Solar term culture
is still useful today to guide people’s lives.
【答案】were created
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：节气是几千年前为指导农业生产而创造的。设空处在句中作谓语动词，由时
间状语thousands of years ago可知此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，主语The solar terms与动词create之间
为被动关系，此句谓语动词用一般过去时的被动语态，The solar terms作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填were
created。
22.（2024·河南省TOP二十名校调研考试（四））Wu Qin Xi is a set of Daoyin (deep stretching) and Tu Na
(deep breathing) exercise that imitates(模仿) the actions of animals based on the habits of the tiger, deer, bear,
monkey and bird. It (practice) by imitating symbolically and physically the movements, breathing andsounds of the five animals.
【答案】is practiced
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：它是通过象征性地和物理性地模仿五种动物的动作、呼吸和
声音来练习的。主语为It，谓语应用单数形式，且主语和practice之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。根据上
下文时态和句意可知，这里是陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填is practiced。
三、完成句子
1．（2024·福建省厦门双十中学期中）回顾过去，她把成就归功于她设定的目标、在大学接受的教育，最
重要的是她付出的努力。
Looking back, she the goal she set, the education she received from the college, and above
all, the efforts she made.
【答案】owes her achievements to
【解析】考查动词短语及名词。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据句意，句子表述客观事实，故使
用一般现在时。根据汉语提示，表示“归功于”用owe sth to sth；表示“成就”用achievement，此处表示
复数意义。故填owes her achievements to。
2．（2024·福建省厦门双十中学期中）让村民感到满意的是，所有的学生都全力投入，帮助他们在线销售
当地特产。（what引导的主从句，devote）
was that all the students .
【答案】 What made the villagers satisfied were devoted to helping them sell local specialties online
【解析】考查主语从句，固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“让村民感到满
意的是”，用what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语，“让某人感到满意”是make sb. satisfied，描
述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，make用过去式，“村民”是the villager，用复数，位于句首的单词首
字母大写，因此第一空是“What made the villagers satisfied”。第二空意为“全力投入，帮助他们在线销售
当地特产”，“全力投入做某事”是固定短语be devoted to doing，“帮助他们在线销售当地特产”是help
them sell local specialties online，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，students是复数，因此其后的
be动词用were，因此第二空是were devoted to helping them sell local specialties online。故填What made the
villagers satisfied，were devoted to helping them sell local specialties online。
3．（2024·福建省厦门外国语学校月考）据专家们所说，那些上网成瘾的人有可能会无法分清他们的网友
是否是真正的朋友。（according, chance, addict）
, there those who are not be able to tell
.【答案】 According to the experts is a chance that addicted to the Internet may whether
their online friends are real friends
【解析】考查固定短语，时态，主谓一致，同位语从句，固定短语和宾语从句。对比中英文句子可知，第
一空意为“据专家们所说”，第二空意为“有可能”，第三空意为“上网成瘾的”，第四空意为“他们的
网友是否是真正的朋友”，“据专家们所说”是according to the experts，位于句首的单词首字母大写，因
此第一空是“According to the experts”。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“有可能”是there is a
chance that...，其中that从句是同位语从句，因此第二空是is a chance that。“上网成瘾”是be addicted to
the Internet，“可能”是may，空前有are，因此第三空是“addicted to the Internet may”。“他们的网友”
是their online friends，“是否”是whether，引导宾语从句，“真正的朋友”是real friend，friend要用复
数，主语online friends是复数，因此“是”的be动词用are，因此第四空是“whether their online friends are
real friends”。故填①According to the experts；②is a chance that；③addicted to the Internet may；④whether
their online friends are real friends。
4．（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考）在游历了澳大利亚之后，我得说我十分
赞同他们的旅游口号：“澳大利亚无与伦比。”(澳视群雄)
After experiencing Australia, I have the tourism slogan:
“There’s nothing like Australia”
【答案】 to say I fully agree with
【解析】考查代词，动词，介词，副词，短语，连词和时态。表示“得说”应用动词短语have to say；表
示“我”应用代词I；表示“赞同”应用动词短语agree with；表示“十分”应用副词fully；分析句子结构
和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在的事情，谓语用一般现在时。故答案为to say I fully agree with。
5．（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考）以锡兰(今斯里兰卡)为中心的一条横跨海
洋的贸易路线沿印度洋海岸延伸。
A trading route across the sea was also the coasts of the Indian Ocean, centered around Ceylon
(now Sri Lanka).
【答案】extended along
【解析】考查动词和介词。根据中英文提示，表示“沿”应用介词along；表示“延伸”应用动词extend；
分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前有was，所以动词extend要用过去分词形式，和was构成被动语态结
构。故答案为extended along。
6．（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考）近年来，贸易增长迅猛，未来几年也将
继续增长。Trading greatly in recent years, and will so in years to come.
【答案】has grown continue to grow
【解析】考查动词，短语和时态。表示“增长”应用动词grow；表示“继续做某事”应用动词短语
continue to do，前面有情态动词will，后面用动词原形；分析句子结构和意思可知，句子有in recent
years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成时，主语是Trading，助动词用has。故答案为has grown和continue to
grow。
7．（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考）在古代，来自中国的丝绸沿陆路运至印
度、中东和罗马，这条路后来就是闻名遐迩的“丝绸之路”。
In ancient times, silk from China overland to India, the Middle East, and Rome, along
as the Silk Road.
【答案】 found its way what became known
【解析】考查动词时态、宾语从句和固定搭配。由句意知空①②③处应为谓语动词，表示“找到；到达”
应用动词短语find one’s way to，由时间状语In ancient times可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，所以
空①答案为found，空②答案为its，空③答案为way；介词along之后为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，表示
“……的地方”应用连接代词what；表示“作为……而出名”应用动词短语become known as，作宾语从
句的谓语动词，应用一般过去时，所以空④答案为what，空⑤答案为became，空⑥答案为known。故空①
答案为found，空②答案为its，空③答案为way，空④答案为what，空⑤答案为became，空⑥答案为
known。
8．（福建省福州高级中学2023-2024学年高三上学期10月月考）少数族裔文化在塑造独特的澳大利亚文
化方面也发挥了作用，还有许多随着移民而来的新文化的影响。
... minority cultures have also the unique Australian culture, with many
of the new cultural influences by immigrants.
【答案】 played a role in shaping contributed
【解析】考查名词，动词，介词，短语和时态。表示“塑造”应用动词shape；表示“在…方面发挥作
用”应用动词短语play a role in，前面有助动词have，这里的动词play要用过去分词形式，构成现在完成
时；表示“促成，添加”用动词contribute，该词和名词influences是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以第二个空用
过去分词。故答案为played a role in shaping和contributed。
9．它位于赤道以南，在地球上许多其他国家的下方，常被俗称为“down under”.
the south of the equator, below many other countries on the globe, it’s often informally
“down under”.【答案】 Located to referred to as
【解析】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。be located to...表示“坐落在……附近”；be referred to as...表示“被
称为……”；分析句子结构可知，前半句为分词作状语，所以第一个空应填located，方句首时首字母大
写，所以应填 Located；第二个空应填to；根据空格前“it’s often informally”可知，第三个空应填
referred，第四个空应填to，第五个空应填as。故填①Located ②to ③referred ④to ⑤as。
10．（重庆市第一中学校2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试）He people’s compassion,
and helped them understand the relationship between humans and nature more clearly.
他呼吁人们的同情心，帮助人们更清楚地了解人类和大自然的关系。
【答案】appealed to
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。设空处意思是呼吁，应用短语appeal to，根据下文可知时态为一般过去
时，故填appealed to。
11．（福建省厦门第二中学2023-2024学年高三上学期开学考试）当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪斯·克拉芬
正站在那里。As she turned around, there (stand) Gladys Claffern.
【答案】stood
【解析】考查时态。根据句子分析可知，本句为完全倒装句，此处作谓语动词，主语为Gladys Claffern，
根据前文的turned可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填stood。
12．如果你太忙没时间去健身房，你可以在家做些瑜伽(yoga)。
If , you can do some yoga at home.
【答案】you are too busy to have time to go to the gym
【解析】考查短语和时态。too...to...太……以至于不能……；have time to do sth.有时间做某事； go to the
gym去健身房。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故填you are too busy to have time to go to the
gym。
13．教室前面有一个操场，刮风时扬尘，下雨时泥泞不堪。
，there was a playground .
【答案】In front of the classrooms which/that got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days
【解析】考查介词短语和定语从句。表示“教室前面有一个操场”用介词短语in front of the classrooms；分
析句子可知，第二空后的内容为定语从句，修饰名词a playground，先行词在从句中为主语，所以关系代
词用which/that；表示“刮风时扬尘，下雨时泥泞不堪”用get dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy
days，结合句中“was”可知时态为一般过去时，所以get用got，根据中英文提示，故填①In front of the
classrooms；②which/that got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days。14．毫不意外的是他在英语演讲比赛中获得了第一名。
he wins the first place in the English speech contest.
【答案】It is no surprise that
【解析】考查主语从句。句子表述客观事实，故使用一般现在时。表示“毫不意外”用it is no surprise
that，该结构中使用it为形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。故填It is no surprise that。
15．在这座老房子前，有一棵苹果树，秋天的时候会结出许多大苹果。
,there is an apple tree .
【答案】 In front of the old house bearing/which/that bears many big apples in autumn
【解析】考查介词短语和现在分词作定语或者定语从句。表示“在这座老房子前”用介词短语in front of
the old house，作状语；表示“秋天的时候会结出许多大苹果”，可知这里为定语，修饰名词apple tree，表
示“秋天会结出许多大苹果”用bears many big apples in autumn，树结果为主谓关系，所以可以bear用现
在分词bearing，与其后的内容同为tree的定语；因为空处内容为定语，所以此处可以用定语从句，先行词
为an apple tree，为单数含义，在从句中为主语，表示客观事实，时态用一般现在时，所以也可以用
which/that bears many big apples in autumn，故填①In front of the old house；②bearing/which/that bears many
big apples in autumn。
