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必修二 Unit 3 The Internet
Part 1 单元语法讲义--现在完成时被动语态
Part 2 读后续写素材--五官表情描写
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
Part 1 单元语法讲义--现在完成时被动语态
一．现在完成时的被动语态的构成
肯定句向式：主语＋ have/has been ＋过去分词
否定句向式：主语 + have/has not been ＋ 过去分词
一般疑问句句式：Have/Has ＋ 主语 ＋been ＋过去分词？
特殊疑问向句式：疑问词 ＋have/has ＋ 主语 + been +过去分词？
二．现在完成时的被动语态的用法
从时态角度看，现在完成时的被动语态和主动语态一样，主要用来表达：
①过去动作对现在的影响;②过去动作的持续;③对过去历史的回顾。
1. 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与already,yet, just, never, recently 等副词连用.
The problem has already been solved.
问题已经被解决了。（现在不再有困扰了）
I have been told about that matter.
我已被告知那件事情了。（“我”现在已经知道了）
2. 表示一个被动的动作从过去开始一直持线到现在，并有可能持线下去。常与for 或since 引导的时间状
语连用，或用于“How long..?” 句型中。
Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours.
这家公司的财务问题已被讨论了近两个小时
How long has this book been kept?
这本书已被借了多长时间？
3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被
动语态。
Don't drink the water until it has been cooled.
在水凉下来之前不要喝。
You can watch TV as long as your homework has be en finished . 你只要做完了作业就可以看电视。
4. 表示过去的经历。经常与 often, never,ever, only, once, twice, before, since,the first time 等时间状语连用。
Has this kind of work ever been done by Mary?
这种工作玛丽曾经做过吗？
This is the first time Torn has been invited to perform on the stage.这是汤姆第一次被邀请在舞台上表演。
特别注意：
常与现在完成时被动语态连用的时间状语：
already 已经； yet已经； recently/lately 最近；since then从那时起；ever since 自那以來；ever 曾经；for
a longtime 很长一段时间；so far 迄今为止；by now 到现在为止； in recent years 在最近几年里；
in/during/over the past/last few years 在过去的几年里
三 由主动语态到被动语态的转换
1.“主＋动＋宾(S+V+0）”结构的被动语态
“主十动＋宾（S+V+0）”结构在变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，原来的谓语动词变为“be＋过
去分词”形式，原来的主语在被动句中由 by引导,通常可以省略。
We have built many bridges in the past ten years. 在过去的 10年中，我们建了许多桥梁。
→ Many bridges have been built (by us) in the past ten years.
I met my old friend on the street yesterday.
我昨天在街上碰到了我的老朋友。
→My old friend was met on the street yesterday.
We are looking into the matter. 我们正在调查这件事
→ This matter is being looked into (by us).
2.“主＋动＋间接宾语＋ 直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO）”结构的被动语态
“主十动＋间接宾语＋ 直接宾语(s+V+10+DO）“结构变为被动语态时，可以将两个宾语中的任何个宾语
变为被动向的主语。这个结构的转换分为两种：一种可以转化为带介词to的结构，一种可以转化为带介词
for 的结构。
（1）转化为带介词to的结构
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，可以有两种形式，即：可用直拱宾语或何接宾语作主语。可以这
样转化的动词主要有bring.give,band,lend, send,offer, pass,sell, show, tell等 。
We gave him some books. /We gave some books to him.
→He was given some books. /Some books were given to him.
Liza sent me an email. /Liza sent an email to me.
莉莎给我发了一封电子邮件→An email was sent t o me by Liza. /I was sent an email by Liza.
(2) 转化为带介词 for的结构
有些带双宾语的动词转换为被动语态时，通常要用直接宾语作主语，不用间接宾语;一般在间接宾语前用介
词for。可以这样转化的动词主要有 buy, make,ind, get, do,fetch,order, sing 等。
He bought his girlfriend a nice gift. /He bought a nice gift for his girlfriend. 他给女朋友买了一份很棒的礼物。
→A nice gift was bought for his girlfriend (by him)
My mother made me a skirt. /My mother made a skirt for me.
我妈妈给我做了一条裙子。
→ A skirt was made for me by my mother.
3.“主+动＋宾＋宾补(S+V+0+C)”绪构的被动语态
“主＋动＋宾＋宾补(S+V+O+C）“结构转变为被动语态时，应将主动句中的宾语变为主语，宾语补足语
变为主语补足语。带有形式宾语 it 的句子一般把 it变为被动句的主语。
They have made the deserted temple their shelter.
他们把那座荒废的寺庙变成了他们的避难所。
→ The deserted temple has been made their shelter.
那座荒废的寺庙被变成了他们的避难所。
We always keep the classroom clean. 我们总是保持教室清洁。
→ The classroom is always kept clean. 教室总是被保特清洁。
They asked me to help them. 他们叫我帮助他们。
→I was asked to help them. 我被叫去帮助他们了。
We saw them playing football.我们看到他们在踢足球
→They w e re seen playing football. 他们被人看见在踢足球。
We consider it wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.
我们认为训斥犯了错误的孩子是不对的。
→ It is considered wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.
训斥犯了错误的孩子被认为是不对的。
重要提示：
1.在 see, hear, listen to, look at, feel 等感官动词（词组)后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但变成
被动语态后要加上to。
We often hear Lily sing. 我们经常听到莉莉唱歌。
→Lily is often heard to sing. 经常有人听到莉莉唱歌。2.make sb.do sth. 等不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的结构变为被动时也要加上to。
You don't have to make Peter work hard.
彼得没必要被逼迫努力学习。
特别提醒:
watch 和notice 这两个动词，不定式作宾补可以有主动语态：watch/notice sb. do sth.，但没有被动语态，
不可以说：He was watched/noticed to go out of the office.。 此外have 也是如此，我们可以说：have sb.do
sth.，不可以说：He was had to do the job at once..
你没有必要逼迫彼得努力学习。
→Peter doesn't have to be made to work hard.
彼得没必要被逼迫努力学习。
Part 2 读后续写素材--五官表情描写
1.有关head的表情描写
drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head 低下头
nod one’s head 低头
shake one’s head 摇头
scratch one’s head 挠头 scratch [skræt] 抓；挠
rest one’s head on 把头靠在...上面
bury one’s head 把头埋起来
clear one’s head 清醒一下头脑
feel one’s head spinning 觉得天旋地转 spin [spin] 旋转;眩晕
Head for/towards 朝...走去
翻译小练习：
1.他羞愧地低下了头。
2.他们点头同意。
3.她怀疑地摇摇头。
4.他挠了挠头，一个字也听不懂。
5.她用枕头捂住脑袋。
6.她将头靠在他的肩膀上。
7.我决定去走走，清醒一下头脑。
8.他只喝了一杯就觉得天旋地转。
9.他转身朝门口走去。
参考答案：1. He dropped/lowered/bent/bowed his head in shame.
2. They nodded their heads in agreement.
3. She shook her head in disbelief.
4. He scratched his head, not understanding a word.
5. She buried her head in the pillow.
6. She rested her head on his shoulder.
7. I decided to go for a walk to clear my head.
8. He could feel his head spinning after only one drink.
9. He turned and headed for the door.
2.有关face的表情描写
a bright smile 灿烂的笑容
one’s face brightened 某人的脸上焕发出了光彩
one’s face grow serious表情变得严肃
one’s face looked a little confused 某人看起来有点因惑
one's face flushed/burned with embarrassment. 某人的脸窘得满脸通红
one’s face paled with fright 某人的脸吓得都白了
had a slight frown on one’s face 某人愁眉不展的样子
翻译小练习：
1.他的脸上露出了灿烂的笑容。
2.我给她礼物时，他的脸上焕发出了光彩。
3.他的表情突然严肃起来。
4.他看起来有点因惑。
5.杰克窘得满脸通红。flush [flʌʃ] 脸红
6.她吓得脸都白了。
7.他的脸上现出有点儿愁眉不展的样子。
参考答案：
1. A bright smile appeared on his face.
2. Her face lit up/brightened/glowed when I gave her the present.
3. His face suddenly grew serious.
4. His face looked a little confused.
5. Jack's face flushed/burned with embarrassment.6. Her face paled with fright.
7. He had a slight frown on his face.
3.有关cheek的表情描写
one’s cheeks burning with shame 某人因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧
one’s cheeks are wet with tears 某人泪流满面
color rushed/flooded to one’s cheeks 某人涨红了脸
a tear slid down one’s cheek 一滴泪顺着某人的脸颊滑落下来
kissed sb on both cheeks 亲了某人的脸颊
翻译小练习:
1.他因为羞愧而感到脸颊发烧。
2.她泪流满面。
3.意识到有人在看她，她顿时涨红了脸。
4.一滴泪顺着她的脸颊滑落下来。
5.他亲了亲她的脸颊，然后上了火车。
参考答案：
1. He felt his cheeks burning with shame.
2. Her cheeks were wet with tears.
3. Color rushed/flooded to her cheeks when she realized she was being watched.
4. A tear slid down her cheek.
5. He kissed her on both cheeks and got on the train.
4.有关eye的表情描写
one’s eyes are wide with horror 某人惊恐地瞪大了眼睛
one’s eyes shine with excitement 某人眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒
one’s eyes filled with tears 某人的眼里充满泪水
one’s eyes fall on someplace 某人的目光落在..
look at sb straight in the eye 直视某人的眼睛
one’s eyes fix on ...... 某人的目光紧盯着......
one’s eyes scan ...... 某人的眼睛扫视......
one’s eyes dropped to ...... 某人垂下眼睛看着......
翻译小练习:
1.他惊恐地瞪大了眼睛。2.她笑了，眼里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
3.她的眼里充满泪水。
4.那条狗饥饿的目光落在我的三明治。fall on/land on...(目光) 落在...
5.她直视父亲的眼睛，诚实地回答了他的问题。
6.他似乎不愿意与我的目光接触。
7.她试图坐起来，目光紧盯着琼的脸。
8.他一刻不停地盯着我。
9.他进屋时眼睛扫视了整个房间。
10.他回答时垂下眼睛看着膝盖。
参考答案：
1. His eyes were wide with horror.
2. She laughed, her eyes shining with excitement.
3. Her eyes filled with tears.
4. The dog's hungry eyes fell on my sandwich.
5. She looked at her father straight in the eye and answered his question truthfully.
6. He seemed unwilling to meet my eyes.
7. She tried to sit up, her eyes fixed on Jean's face.
8. His eyes never left mine.
9. His eyes scanned the room as he entered.
10. His eyes dropped to her lap as she answered.
5.有关mouth的表情描写
关于嘴的动作有：
open one’s mouth 张开嘴
hide one’s yawn 打哈欠
cup one’s mouth 扣住某人的嘴
stuff one’s mouth with something 用......填满嘴巴
形容嘴的状态：
drop open in surprise惊奇地张大了嘴
start watering 开始流口水
heart be in one’s mouth紧张得心都到了喉咙眼
翻译小练习：1.她张开嘴要说什么,最后什么也没说。
2.他捂住嘴偷偷打了个哈欠。
3.我们惊奇地张大了嘴。
4.闻到食物的香味，我开始流口水了。
5.突然一只手扣住了她的嘴。
6.他的嘴上挂着一丝笑意。
7.他开始往嘴里塞意大利面。stuff [stf] 塞满;填塞
8.他直起身，目瞪口呆地看着我。
9.我走进她的办公室时，紧张得心都到了喉咙眼。
参考答案：
1.She opened her mouth to say something，but nothing.
2. He covered his mouth to hide his yawn.
3. Our mouths dropped open in surprise.
4. My mouth started watering when I smelled the food.
5. Suddenly a hand cupped her mouth.
6. A smile played around his mouth.
7. He began to stuff his mouth with pasta.
8. He straightened up and looked at me, open-mouthed.
9. My heart was in my mouth when I walked into her office.
Part 3 单元语法+读后续写即时检测
一、单句语法填空
1．（2024 高三·北京·专题练习）In the experiment, the-researchers first /measured how many tears
(produce) by dogs when they were just spending time at home with their owners.(所给词的适当形式填空)
2．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）The American superstar (spot) with a young physically-challenged
Qatari boy, Al Muftah. The boy was born with a rare condition known as CRS.
3．（2024高三·北京·专题练习）WED (create) in 1972 by the United Nations General Assembly. The
environment wasn’t such a big issue back then.
4．（23-24高三下·广东广州·开学考试）Lead researcher Professor Hadany said, “Each plant and each type of
stress (link) to a special sound.”
5．（23-24高三上·新疆伊犁·开学考试）He (appoint) as headmaster and wanted to tell his
girlfriend the good news.6．（23-24高三上·甘肃·阶段练习）Every year in September or October, the MidAutumn Festival
(celebrate) by the Chinese people all over the world.
7．（23-24高三上·河北·期末）Over 3,000 lives were (claim) in the 1960 San Francisco
earthquake and the series of fires that occurred after it.
8．（23-24高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）His application (accept) depending on his previous work
experience and qualifications.
9．（23-24高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）Your application shall (submit) early because universities
begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.
10．（23-24高三上·福建厦门·阶段练习）The teacher told her that she should be aware school life
consists of not only sunshine but also hard times and that education shouldn’t (measure) only by
examination results.
11．（2022高三·全国·专题练习）The museum is in the southwest of the city and you can find its
easily on the map. (locate)
12．（2022高三·全国·专题练习）Entering a supermarket, I was warmly by the greengrocer. His
cherry made me feel at home．(greet)
13．（2022高三·全国·专题练习）Dr. Yuan Longping was (regard) as a great agricultural scientist
because his contribution to farming is considered to be (reward).
14．（23-24高三上·江苏扬州·阶段练习）Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down
through the ages can still (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
15．（19-20高一下·黑龙江七台河·期末）Large quantities of food (send) to the countries struck by the
earthquake so far.
16．（23-24高三上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）Death can occur from overdoses and diseases such as AIDS can
(acquire) from sharing needles.
17．（23-24高三上·河北衡水·期中）Over 3,000 lives (claim) in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake
and the series of fires that occurred after it. 18．（23-24高三上·河北沧州·期中）A methane molecule is
(compose) of one carbon atom attached to four hydrogens.
19．（23-24高三上·广东湛江·阶段练习）Children should (expose) to as much traditional culture
as possible.
20．（23-24高三上·黑龙江大庆·期中）Thanks to the new technology, costs (reduce) by 30% over
the past year.21．（23-24高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot
(solve).
22．（23-24高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）Mr Lee (reward) with a smartphone for his hard work in the
company.
23．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）To promote various applications of Dunhuang art patterns in daily life design
and achieve the development of cultural heritage represented by Dunhuang art patterns, the Chang Shana Design
Award in 2021 (announce) on January 21.
24．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Coral reefs (find) in the tropical areas of the world, but they can
also exist in colder water.
25．（2024高三下·全国·专题练习）In 2008, a total of 46 Fujiantulou sites (list) as World Heritage
Site by UNESCO.
26．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）To our shock, the young girl struggled (support) a
large family last year, which (appreciate) by her family members.
27．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）Though (major) in engineering, the lady made every
effort to learn calligraphy which (regard) as an art form.
28．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）Up to now food and water (deliver) to the disaster-
stricken area, where many people (survive) the disaster are in urgent need of help.
29．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）Two fifths of the buildings (destroy) in the earthquake
last weekend, (leave) the whole world shocked.
30．（23-24高三下·全国·课后作业）We're overwhelmed with excitement at the knowledge that an oral English
class will (arrange) for us.
二、书面表达
（2024·重庆·三模）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
As I unzipped my lunchbox, the whole place was turned into a spicy curry (咖喱) dream. I immediately hid
it under my seat, hoping no one would take notice.
Mom had really outdone herself with masala — our family’s all-time favorite dish back in India. But today, it
wasn’t just about me and my lunch. A warm smile on his face, Ricky invited me, a new transfer student from India
to New York city, for lunch.
“Ava, come sit here!” Ricky called out, gesturing towards a vacant seat.
As I made my way over, memories of those awkward lunchtimes when I studied in Kansas, one of the mostconservative states, flooded back. I could still recall how everyone would wrinkle their noses and stare curiously
when I unpacked my Indian food. It always made me feel like an outsider, like I didn’t belong.
Therefore, before my first day in this school, I had demanded my mom pack “normal” western-style food for
me. I still remembered the look on her face upon hearing it, as she signed in disappointment and confusion, “Isn’t
there a moment when you feel proud of your origin?” That was hurting, but not more hurting than others’ giggles
and whispers. Honestly, long queues were common in Indian restaurants in New York city, a cultural melting pot,
but I wouldn’t take that risk.
Unfortunately, this morning, Mom had forgotten to make sandwich or any “normal” food, so I had to bring
leftovers from our dinner. At the thought of the possible oh-no-second (社死), I felt like being thrown into
darkness.
However, before I came back to reality, Ricky noticed my sneaking (躲躲藏藏). “What do you have for
lunch?” he asked, his eyes twinkling with interest. I tried to brush it off (搪塞), claiming I wasn’t hungry. But
Ricky wouldn’t let it go, and before I could protest, he had the lid of my lunchbox open and I prepared myself for
such familiar responses as “Ew” or “What is that?”
注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
However, I did not get what I was expecting.
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After school, I found Mom preparing sandwich for tomorrow’s lunch.
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