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第 17 讲 动词的语态
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································4
基础详单
知识点1 语态概述 ·················································································································4
知识点2 被动语态的构成 ···································································································4
知识点3 被动语态的用法 ···································································································4
考点一 主动形式表示被动含义的动词
知识点1 谓语动词中的主动形式表示被动意义·····································································5
知识点2 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义·····································································5
考点二 被动语态易混易错点
知识点1 系表结构与被动语态的区别······················································································6
知识点2 be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别···································································7
知识点3 主动语态变被动语态的易错点··················································································7
考点三 语态的特殊用法
知识点1 不能用于被动语态的高频动词··············································································9
知识点2 被动语态表主动的高频短语··················································································9
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································10
2.命题演练 ·································································································································10年份 卷别 现在时 过去时 将来时（含被动）
新高考I卷 walks
新高考II卷 were
2024 全国甲卷 were
浙江卷1月 have started
was named;
北京卷 gives
jogged
新高考II卷 wished
全国甲卷 become改为becomes make → made (can) be employed
2023 全国乙卷 was amazed
浙江卷1月 featured
北京卷 has established had arrived would throw
新高考I卷 is designed were
新高考II卷 were fixing; threw
was-were; become-
全国甲卷 has walked
became
2022
全国乙卷 lives-live; 去掉have后的been addressed
北京卷 has; has increased
is viewed/has been viewed
浙江卷1月
are；have promised
新高考I卷 was
新高考II卷 was
2021 全国甲卷 are改为is was built; hired
全国乙卷 删去are
北京卷 connects
全国I卷 means; is constructed touched
全国II卷 carries start改为started
2020
全国III卷 had改成have pointed (would) be chosen
新高考卷 are called; is formed
全国I卷 has reported；are
全国II卷 have made declared
2019
recommended；
全国III卷 required改为requires
were invited
北京卷 voiced
考情 分析近年高考真题可知，高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。
分析 近年对语态的考查命题较稳，对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定，但又稳中求变，注重在复杂语境中考查句子的语态，且长句有增加的趋势。
【复习目标】
1. 系统复习并掌握 语态的基本知识。
2. 熟练被动语态的基本用法和语态使用易错点。
3. 强化在复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。
时态 主动 被动 标志词
一般现在时 do/does; am/is/are am/is/are done usually, often, always,
frequently, rarely,
occasionally;
一般过去时 did; was/were was/were done yesterday, last week, the
other day, then, previous等
一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done in the future, in 5 days
would/should do would/should be done
过去将来时 was/were going to do was/were going to be done
was/were(about)to do was/were(about)to be
done
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done now, at this time, look,
listen
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done at this time yesterday
将来进行时 will/shall be doing
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done so far, since, up to now, in
the past days
过去完成时 had done had been done by the end of last month
将来完成时 will have done will have been done【基础详单】
知识点1 语态概述
语态：语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语
态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中，动作执行
者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
He brok e the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。（主动语态）
The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。（被动语态）
知识点2 被动语态的构成
形式
一般式 进行式 完成式
时间
现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done
过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done
将来 shall/will be done shall/will have been done
知识点3 被动语态的用法
1. 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；
2. 强调动作的承受者时。
3动作的执行者是无生命的事物而不是人。
4.为了使句子保持平衡。
5.用于文章的标题、新闻报道或广告、文献中。
It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.（新闻报道）
据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。
Eight-year-old boy was kidnapped! 8岁男孩遭绑架？（新闻报道）
The lecture will be made by Mr James, who is a young artist from London.（保持句子平衡）
詹姆斯先生讲作这次报告，他是一位来自伦敦的年轻艺术家。考点一 主动形式表示被动含义的动词
知识点1 谓语动词中的主动形式表示被动意义
1. 当句中为某些连系动词时，如：feel, look, smell, taste, sound以及remain, keep, become等；
【2020·北京卷·阅读理解】If AI does eventually prove to be our downfall, it is unlikely to be at the hands of
human-shaped forms like these, with recognisably human motivations such as aggression.
尽管最终证实，人工智能意味着人类的没落，我们也不太可能受到这些人形的机器控制，他们带有鲜明
的人类动机，比如敌对性。
The fish smells good.鱼闻起来味道不错。
2. 当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash,burn, cook, draw等作为不及物动词，表示主语(通常为物)内在“品
质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意思时。c此时，这些词常用easily,
quickly, well等副词修饰。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料很好洗。
These novels won't sell well.这些小说不畅销。
My pen writes smoothly.我的钢笔书写流畅。
The door won't lock.这门无法关上。
名师提醒：此时，这些动词常与can’t, won’t等连用。
3. 不及物动词（短语）不用于被动语态，如：happen, occur, break out, take place, come about, work
out等。
The war broke out in 1937. 战争爆发于1937年。
The plan worked out successfully. 计划成功实施了。
知识点2 非谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义
1. want, require, need,be worth doing后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。
【天津卷知识运用】A dog’s eating habit requires training before it is properly established.
在狗的饮食习惯被正确地建立之前，需要进行定期的训练。
The place is worth visiting.
=The place is worthy to be visited.这个地方值得游览。
2. 在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动含义。
This kind of water isn't fit to drink.这种水不适合饮用。
The room is comfortable to live in.这个房间住起来很舒适。
3. be to blame（受谴责）, be to rent（待出租）结构中用主动形式表被动意义。The truck driver was to blame. 卡车司机应受谴责。
If anyone is to blame, it’s me. 如果有人该承担责任，那就是我。
4. 在“have+宾语+to do”结构中，句子主语是不定式的逻辑主语时。
I have some clothes to wash. （动作由我发出，我来洗）
Sir, do you have any clothes to be washed?(衣服不是由主语you来洗)
名师提醒：在too...to结构和enough to结构中，可以用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
Now mobile phones are cheap enough to buy. 现在买手机很便宜。
The box is too heavy to carry.这个箱子太重，搬不动。
典例 1.（广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考试题）“Walking has taught me that everything and
everyone has a story (share); we just have to be willing to listen,” she said.
典例2.（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Moreover, fully consider each option. It can be
easy__________(let) a particular school become a front-runner early on in your decision-making process, and it
may even become the winning choice
变式训练1.（湖南天壹名校联盟2023-2024学年高三大联考试题）He was excited (experience)
calligraphy and showed admiration for Chinese culture, despite not having visited China.
变式训练2.Vegetables and fruits online (sell) well last week because of the outbreak of the COVID-19
virus in Changchun.
考点二 被动语态易混易错点
知识点1 系表结构与被动语态的区别
1. 被动语态中的过去分词强调动作；系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，强调主语的特点或状态。
The book was sold by a certain bookstore. (被动语态)
这本书在某一家书店出售。
The book is well sold. (系表结构)
这本书卖得好。
2. 被动语态常由greatly, much等词修饰；系表结构常由very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等词修
饰。
I was greatly moved by her kindness.（系表结构）
我被她的善良深深地打动了。
He is very satisfied with your paper. (系表结构)他对你的论文非常满意。
3. 被动语态一般由“be+过去分词”构成；系表结构除了与 be动词连用外，还可以用其他系动词，
如,become, get, turn, sound, lie, remain, seem, appear等。
These English songs have been taught many times on the radio.（被动语态）
这些英文歌曲在收音机里已经教过很多遍了。
She suddenly became interested in the picture. （系表结构）
她突然变得对这幅画有兴趣了。
知识点2 be+过去分词与get+过去分词的区别
“be+过去分词”既可以表示动作，也可以表示状态，多表示一般的动作或状态。
“get+过去分词”多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性。只能表示动作。
The tree is broken. 树断了。
The tree got broken in the snow. 这颗树在大雪中被弄断了。
“be+过去分词”多表示经过安排、考虑的动作。
“get+过去分词”可表示出乎意料的动作。且构成疑问句时，需借助助动词do的适当形式。
The bridge was built in 1866 and in now still in a good state.
这座古老的桥是1866年建造的，现在还完好。
How did the painting get damaged?
这幅画怎么被破坏的？
Many animals got killed in the wild when searching for food.
许多动物在野外觅食时被杀死。
知识点3 主动语态变被动语态的易错点
1. 主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日时给了我一本有趣的书。
→An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.
→I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.
2. 主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；作宾补的不定式如果省略了to，变成被动语态时，需加上to。
The boss made him work all day long.→He was made to work all day long (by the boss)．
老板让他整天都工作。
3. 短语动词变被动语态时，注意介词短语的完整性。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to. 你应该注意你的发音和拼写。
They have sent for a doctor.→A doctor has been sent for.他们已经请了一位医生。
4. 情态动词， be going to, be to, be sure to, have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be＋过去分词”。
We can repair this watch in two days.→This watch can be repaired in two days.
我们可以在两天内修好这块手表。
5. 当句子的谓语为say, believe, expect, think, know, write, consider, report等时，被动语态有两种形
式：
a．谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。
b．用it作形式主语，真正的主语用主语从句来表示。
People know paper was made in China first.众所周知，纸最先在中国被制造。
→Paper was known to be made in China first.
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that ...
典例1. He demands that the books (return) to the school library at once.
典例2. It is often recommended that children (offer) chances to get close to nature.
变式训练1.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题） Most of the day passed, and Kua Fu
was finally about to overtake the sun in Yugu, where the sun (suppose)to fall!
变式训练2. The authorities commanded that the survivors of the mine accident （send）to the nearest
hospital.
考点三 语态的特殊用法
知识点1 不能用于被动语态的高频动词
1. 所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。
2. 表示状态的谓语动词，如：last, hold, contain, fit, cost等。
3. 表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。
4. 表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词，如：wish, want, hope, like, love, hate等。
5. 宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。
6.宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等，谓语动词不用被动语态。知识点2 被动语态表主动的高频短语
be addicted to沉溺于； be drunk喝醉；
be seated坐着； be dressed穿着；
be hidden躲藏； be devoted to致力于；
be lost迷路；
What some teenagers don’t realize is how difficult life can be after they get addicted to drugs.
一些青少年没有意识到一旦他们染上毒瘾，生活会变得多么困难。
【2021年全国乙卷听力】Excuse me, I got lost. I took a bus to city hall, but I can’t find the place.
你好，我迷路了。我乘公共汽车去市政厅，但我找不到地方。
典例1.Yan’an, a city, which (locate) in Northern Shaanxi Province, has seen great progress in its
tourism industry over the past few years.
典例2.My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me.
变式训练1.Canada is a country (consist) of many nationalities.
变式训练2.Bob wants to buy that kind of ball pen because he has been told it (write) smoothly.
一、 真题实战
1.（2024年浙江1月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even
more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
2.（2023年全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can
still ________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
3.（2024年北京卷）On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ______ (name) the world’s oldest living man.
4.（2024新课标I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the
first time.
5.（2021年浙江卷）Mary’s niece wrote, "The little home _________ (paint) white. It was sweet and fresh. Mary
loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of herself, everything in good taste and in perfect
order.
6.（2024年全国甲卷）What should (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.
7.（2020年新课标）The parts of a museum open to the public _________ (call) galleries or rooms.
8.（2022年浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how cana painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind?
9.（2020年全国III卷）The artist was sure he would _________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece
to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.
二、 命题演练
1. （2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题） In my case this is what happened—my parents turned in to me
and my needs and the shyness all but (disappear) completely over time.
2.（湖南省百所学校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Since the Chinese highly qualified silk __ (make)
its fame to the western countries, the merchants sought the opportunity of trading Chinese silk along this route and
gained a great fortune.
3.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟） It (compile) in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after
the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers to their questions.
4.（湖南省衡阳市衡阳县2023-2024年高三试题） Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like
frequently by plane （view） as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
5.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题） Most of the day passed, and Kua Fu was finally
about to overtake the sun in Yugu, where the sun (suppose)to fall!
6.（湖南省雅礼中学2023-2024学年高三试题） In addition, people also decorate their clothes with patterns,
and their hair (style) in fashion.
7.We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs (do)to achieve the final success.
8.He bought a pair of trousers last week, but the trousers (wear) out by now.
9.Leather shoes need (polish) with good quality wax.
10. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad more comfortable
(hold).
