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第 04 讲 阅读理解高频词、高频短语
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】单项选择题高频词基础练
【题型二】单项选择题高频短语基础练
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 阅读理解高频词基础练
单项选择
1．（2023高三·全国·专题练习）The twins resemble very much in appearance.We couldn’t _________ them
out.
A．figure B．carry
C．spot D．turn
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这对双胞胎长得很像，我们看不出来。A. figure 计算；B. carry 拿，
搬，扛；C. spot 注意到；D. turn（使）转动，旋转。根据“The twins resemble very much in appearance”可
知，这里考查动词spot，动词短语spot out，意为“看出”。故选C。
【易错提醒】本题出现阅读障碍词resemble, v.“相像”。spot一词多义，此处为动词，表示“认出，识
别”。
2．（2024高三·广东广州·阶段练习）It has been ________ that this drug is effective.
A．composed B．prescribed C．restrained D．demonstrated
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这药已被证实是有效的。A. composed组成；B. prescribed开处方；C.
restrained制止；D. demonstrated证明。根据句意可知，已被证实，这种药是有效的。故选D项。
3．（2024高三·广东广州·高三模拟）Tickets are limited and will be ________ to those who apply first.
A．relieved B．allocated C．alleviated D．investigated【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：门票有限，将分配给最先申请的人。A. relieved减轻；B. allocated分
配；C. alleviated减轻；D. investigated调查。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“分配”，故用allocate，与主
语Tickets为被动关系，用过去分词，与空前的will be构成一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。
【名师点拨】选项中动词词义如果熟练掌握，句意非常明了。新高考中淡化语法，强调语境。故考生应当
扩大词汇量，掌握句子成分划分技巧，便可轻松理解句意。
4．（2024高三·广东·模拟预测）The company has announced that it will ________ a full investigation into the
accident.
A．advocate B．exceed C．distribute D．undertake
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该公司已宣布将对事故进行全面调查。A. advocate提倡；B. exceed超
过；C. distribute分配；D. undertake承担。根据后文“a full investigation into the accident”可知，应是“承担
全部的事故调查”之意，undertake符合语境。故选D项。
5．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）At any time, we must ________ great importance to the work of speeding up
developing new products.
A．attach B．appeal C．stick D．commit
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工作。A. attach
赋予，认为……具有；B. appeal呼吁；C. stick粘，贴；D. commit犯（罪、错）。由“the work of speeding
up developing new products”可知，句子表示“在任何时候，我们都必须高度重视加快开发新产品的工
作”，“高度重视”是固定短语attach great importance to，因此空格处是attach。故选A。
6．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）A symphony orchestra is __________ of a variety of brass, woodwind,
percussion and stringed instruments.
A．consisted B．compared C．composed D．concluded
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。A.
consisted构成；B. compared比较；C. composed组成；D. concluded推断出。be composed of由……组成；
consist of由……组成，不用被动语态。根据“a variety of brass, woodwind, percussion and stringed
instruments.”可知，交响乐团由各种铜管乐器、木管乐器、打击乐器和弦乐器组成。故选C。
7．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The public ________ the government for taking practical measures to protect
the environment.
A．exploited B．applauded C．dismissed D．arrested
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公众赞扬政府采取切实措施保护环境。A. exploited剥削；B. applauded
鼓掌，赞扬；C. dismissed 解雇；D. arrested 逮捕。政府采取切实措施保护环境，公众表示赞扬，
applaud...for...表示“为某事赞扬某人”，符合句子的语境。故选B项。
8．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）By joining the club, not only have I ________ basic writing skills, but I alsomade some new friends with similar hobbies.
A．deserved B．calculated C．categorized D．acquired
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过加入俱乐部，我不仅获得了基本的写作技能，而且还结识了一些
有着相似爱好的新朋友。A. deserved值得；B. calculated计算；C. categorized分类；D. acquired获得。加入
俱乐部的好处之一是获得了基本的写作技能，acquire skills意味着获得或取得技能，与句子的语境相符
合。故选D项。
9．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Some regard AI as a potential major threat to humans. However,
others_________ this fear.
A．appreciate B．dismiss C．address D．recall
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些人认为人工智能是对人类的潜在重大威胁。然而，其他人对这种
担忧不屑一顾。A. appreciate欣赏，感激；B. dismiss不考虑，不理会；C. address演讲；D. recall回想。根
据“Some regard AI as a potential major threat to humans”及“However”可知，其他的人不考虑这种担忧。故
选B。
10．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）On arrival at the village, the author was_________ warmly by local
villagers.
A．recorded B．recognized C．received D．refreshed
【答案】C
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：作者一到村子，就受到了当地村民的热情接待。A. recorded记录；B.
recognized认出；C. received接待；D. refreshed使恢复精神。根据“warmly by local villagers”可知，此处表
示受到当地村民的热情接待。故选C。
11．（23-24高三·福建宁德·阶段练习）These articles ________ the problems of the modern world, including
race relations and community development.
A．address B．accelerate
C．accumulate D．disturb
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些文章讨论了现代世界的问题，包括种族关系和社区发展。A.
address演说，解决；B. accelerate加速；C. accumulate积累；D. disturb打扰。根据后文the problems指讨论
了现代世界的问题，应用address。故选A。
12．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Some animal and plant species gradually went extinct because they couldn’t
_________ to the rapidly changing conditions in this area.
A．fall B．accommodate C．belong D．contribute
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些动植物物种因为不能适应这一地区迅速变化的环境而逐渐灭绝。
A. fall to开始做某事；B. accommodate to适应；C. belong to属于；D. contribute to有助于。根据后文“the
rapidly changing conditions in this area”指适应这一地区迅速变化的环境，故选B。13．（23-24高三·上海·期中）Apart from teaching French, Martin _________ tennis in his spare time.
A．coached B．addressed C．batted D．greeted
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了教法语外，马丁在业余时间还做网球教练。A. coach v. 当教练；
B. address v. 解决，处理；C. bat v. 用球棒击球；D. greet v. 同…打招呼。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里
需要动词coach，“当教练”符合句意。故选A。
14．（2023·天津·一模）The earliest way of traveling was undoubtedly by foot, and humans’ earliest means
of_________goods was carrying loads on their back or head.
A．innovating B．transporting C．producing D．measuring
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，最早的旅行方式是步行，人类最早的运输货物的方式是背
上或头上负重。A. innovating改革；B. transporting运输； C. producing生产；D. measuring测量。
根据后文“goods was carrying loads on their back or head”可知是在说明人类最早的运输货物的方式是背上或
头上负重。故选B。
15．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Fossil fuels are non-renewable, whose reserves will be used up one day in the
future. In contrast, renewable energy sources are basically __________, and will be available to us for a few billion
more years.
A．inadequate B．inexhaustible C．inaccessible D．inflexible
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：化石燃料是不可再生的，其储量总有一天会用完。相比之下，可再
生能源基本上是取之不尽用之不竭的，而且在几十亿年后我们还可以使用。A. inadequate不充足的；B.
inexhaustible取之不尽，用之不竭的；C. inaccessible达不到的；D. inflexible僵硬的。根据下文“will be
available to us for a few billion more years.(在几十亿年后我们还可以使用)”可推理出上文说的是可再生能源
是取之不尽，用之不竭的，故选B项。
16．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·阶段练习）When I received the acceptance letter from my dream university, I was
_________. I couldn’t contain my joy and excitement.
A．nervous B．ecstatic C．embarrassed D．furious
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我收到我梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书时，我欣喜若狂。我无法
抑制我的喜悦和兴奋。A. nervous焦虑的；B. ecstatic狂喜的；C. embarrassed尴尬；D. furious激烈的。根
据后文“I couldn’t contain my joy and excitement.”可知，“我”非常高兴。故选B项。
17．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The hardest part of going back to college was feeling ________ about the
time I spent away from my kids.
A．ridiculous B．confident C．guilty D．excited
【答案】C
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回到大学最困难的地方在于我对离开孩子的时间感到内疚。A.
ridiculous荒谬的； B. confident自信的； C. guilty内疚的；D. excited兴奋的。由“the time I spent awayfrom my kids”可知，“我”陪在孩子身边的时间变少了，为此“我”感到内疚，选择guilty一词，故选C
项。
18．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）With the development of AI, the line between humans and robots will be
more _________in the future.
A．absurd B．violent C．urgent D．blurred
【答案】D
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人工智能的发展，未来人类和机器人之间的界限将更加模糊。
A. absurd荒谬的；B. violent暴力的；C. urgent紧急的，迫切的；D. blurred模糊不清的。根据前文“With
the development of AI(随着人工智能的发展)”可推知，有了人工智能的帮助，机器人更加智能化，与人类之
间的界限不再清晰，会变得更加模糊。故选D项。
19．（23-24高三·福建厦门·阶段练习）Claire found it_________ that she, a human being, was being offered
sympathy by a robot.
A．superior B．ridiculous C．straightforward D．thrilling
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：克莱尔觉得她作为一个人类，竟然得到一个机器人的同情，这太荒
谬了。A. superior优越的；B. ridiculous荒谬的；C. straightforward直率的；D. thrilling令人兴奋的。根据
“a human being, was being offered sympathy by a robot.”可知，克莱尔认为作为人类被机器人同情是荒谬
的。故选B。
20．（23-24高三·福建厦门·期中）The iconic Beijing National Stadium, also known as the “Bird’s Nest”, has a
________ of 80,000.
A．distribution B．capacity C．profile D．frequency
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：标志性的北京国家体育场，也被称为“鸟巢”，能容纳8万人。 A.
distribution分布；B. capacity容量；C. profile轮廓，概况；D. frequency频率。capacity意为“容量”，可
以表示北京国家体育场能容纳8万人，符合句子的语境，故选B项。
题型二 阅读理解高频短语基础练
单项选择
21．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）Although I was disappointed at that time, __________ it is a good thing I did
not get that job because it would put me far away from my family.
A．in a way B．in my way C．by no means D．by all means
【答案】A
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：虽然我当时很失望，但从某种程度上说，我没有得到那份工作是件好
事，因为它会让我远离我的家人。A. in a way在某种程度上；B. in my way用我的方式，挡我的道；C. by
no means一点也不，绝不；D. by all means必定，一定。上文提到“虽然我当时很失望”，下文提到“我
没有得到那份工作是件好事”，由此可知，此处表示从某种程度上说没有得到那份工作是件好事。故选
A。22．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）As the sun began to rise, a deep sense of well-being __________ me. I
suddenly felt full of hope and energy again.
A．hung over B．fell over C．turned over D．washed over
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当太阳开始升起时，一种深深的幸福感涌上心头。我突然觉得又充满
了希望和活力。A. hung over 宿醉；B. fell over跌倒 ；C. turned over 翻转；D. washed over涌上心头。根
据空格前的a deep sense of well-being可知，此处指“深深的幸福感涌上心头”。故选D。
23．（23-24高三·江苏苏州·期中）We are running a flower shop, and females __________ the vast majority of
our customers.
A．account for B．kick off C．give rise to D．take in
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们开了一家花店，顾客中绝大多数是女性。A. account for占比，解
释；B. kick off开始，踢开；C. give rise to引起，导致；D. take in理解。根据后文“the vast majority of our
customers”此处指女性占顾客的多数，应用account for。故选A。
24．（2024·山东泰安·一模）The conflict between Russia and Ukraine ________ on the Feb. 24th, 2022.
A．stood out B．got through C．took in D．broke out
【答案】D
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：俄乌冲突于2022年2月24日爆发。A. stood out脱颖而出，突出；B.
got through结束，打通（电话）；C. took in吸收，领会；D. broke out爆发。结合The conflict between
Russia and Ukraine可知，空格处应表达“爆发”，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，故用break out
的过去式broke out。故选D。
25．（23-24高三·广东东莞·考试）We should ________ the disagreements between both sides on how to build
up a scientific, strict, flexible and effective system in order to further promote closer relationship.
A．put aside B．put up C．put away D．put down
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该抛开双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方
面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系。A. put aside把……放在一边；B. put up张贴；C. put away收起，
放好；D. put down放下。由“in order to further promote closer relationship”可知，句子表示“我们应该抛开
双方在如何建立一个科学、严格、灵活、有效的制度方面的分歧，以进一步促进更紧密的关系”，空格处
意为“把……放在一边”，故选A。
26．（23-24高三·广东东莞·开学考试）—Did Johnson pass the examination?
—No. Often staying up late made him at his worst ________ physical situation.
A．in favor of B．in terms of C．in charge of D．in case of
【答案】B
【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：——约翰逊考试及格了吗？——没有。就身体状况而言，经常熬夜使
他处于最糟糕的状态。A. in favor of 赞成；B. in terms of就……而言；C. in charge of负责；D. in case of万
一。结合语境可知，空格处应使用in terms of符合语境，即就身体状况这一方面而言，情况最差。故选B项。
27．（23-24高三·广东深圳·阶段练习）Work hard and practise more, and your effort will __________.
A．pay off B．give way C．carry on D．burst onto
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：努力工作，多练习，你的努力会得到回报的。A. pay off得到回
报；B. give way让步；C. carry on继续；D. burst onto突然出现。根据“Work hard and practise more,”可知，
努力会得到回报。故选A。
28．（22-23高三·河南南阳·阶段练习）You shouldn’t _________ that I take care of your pet dog.
A．take it easy B．take it for granted C．take it seriously D．take your time
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：你不应该认为我照顾你的宠物狗是理所当然的。A. take it easy别急，
沉住气；B. take it for granted认为这理所当然；C. take it seriously认真对待它；D. take your time慢慢来。
take it for granted that...意为“认为……理所当然”，其中it作形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。根据句中的
that I take care of your pet dog可知，选B。
29．（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Bears _________ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy
enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A．pack up B．build up C．bring up D．take up
【答案】B
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：熊在整个夏天到秋天都在储存脂肪，以便有足够的能量让他们度过冬
眠期。A. pack up整理；把……打包；B. build up逐渐积聚，增进；加强；C. bring up教育；养育；D. take
up拿起，开始从事，据（时间，地方）。此处考查动词短语build up fat stores，意为“积累脂肪储备” ，
故选B项。
30．（2024高三·天津·模拟）When you are faced with obstacles in Senior 3, try not to let discouraging thoughts
_______. Be optimistic and trust yourself, and you’ll make it.
A．take over B．take up C．take on D．take in
【答案】A
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当你在高三遇到障碍时，尽量不要让沮丧的想法占据主导地位。乐观
一点，相信自己，你会成功的。A. take over接管，控制，取代，占上风；B. take up占用（时间），占据
（空间）；C. take on呈现；D. take in欺骗，理解，吸收。根据空前的let discouraging thoughts可知，这里
指让沮丧的想法占上风。故选A。
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Passage 1 体裁：说明文 主题：研究发现
A new study led by researchers at the Yale School of Public Health finds air pollution may negatively impact
standardized test scores. Using data from the North Carolina Education Research Data Center, the researchers
tracked 2.8 million public school students in North Carolina from 2001 to 2018 and measured their exposure to
PM2.5 found in polluted air. While previous research has shown negative effects on academic performance, it has
relied on relatively small or less representative samples. “The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every
student in North Carolina in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma
Zang, coauthor of the study.
The study also finds that test scores of ethnic minorities and girls are disproportionately (不成比例地)
impacted by PM2.5 levels. “Females and ethnic minorities face sexism and racism,” said Zang. “There are a lot of
policies that are not friendly towards them. So, when they’re exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don’t
have the resources to lessen the negative influences.” More privileged populations, however, might have more
resources that allow them to live in a better environment, such as in houses with air purifiers.
“The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in areas below the current air
quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air pollution when it comes to their
test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to better protect our children.”
Air pollution is known to contribute to disease and death, and it also negatively affects students’ academic
performance even at low levels of pollution. The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at
whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences.
31．What’s the greatest advantage of the study?
A．Tracking each student for 18 years. B．Collecting more comprehensive data.
C．Measuring students’ PM2.5 exposure precisely. D．Building links between air pollution and test
scores.
32．According to Zang, ethnic minorities and girls ________.
A．benefit from current policies on PM2.5 pollution
B．have the lowest test scores due to their identities
C．lack resources to reduce the impact of air pollution
D．suffer from educational inequalities owing to their background
33．What’s Zang doing in paragraph 3?
A．Offering a suggestion. B．Raising a doubt.
C．Making a comparison. D．Giving a prediction.
34．What might be the focus of the follow-up studies?
A．Applicability of the findings to other regions. B．Ways to address racial and sexual differences.
C．Long-term impacts of air pollution on children. D．Establishment of PM2.5 standard fit for children.
【答案】31．B 32．C 33．A 34．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了耶鲁大学公共卫生学院的研究人员领导的一项新研究发现，空
气污染可能会对标准化考试成绩产生负面影响。文章介绍了研究的具体发现以及相应的应对建议。31．细节理解题。根据第一段““The biggest strength of this study is that we tracked every student in North
Carolina in those years, for the whole time period that they were in the public schools,” said Emma Zang, coauthor
of the study. (该研究的合著者Emma Zang说：“这项研究最大的优势在于，我们追踪了北卡罗来纳州那些
年的每一位学生，追踪了他们在公立学校上学的整个时间。”)”可知，这项研究最大的优势是收集了更全
面的数据。故选B。
32．细节理解题。根据第二段“So, when they’re exposed to the same level of air pollution, they don’t have the
resources to lessen the negative influences. (所以，当他们暴露在同样水平的空气污染中时，他们没有资源来
减轻负面影响)”可知，少数族裔和女孩缺乏减少空气污染影响的资源。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段““The level of PM2.5 pollution in the US is relatively low, but students living in
areas below the current air quality standard of annual PM2.5 concentration are still negatively impacted by air
pollution when it comes to their test scores,” said Zang. “We should aim to strengthen the annual PM2.5 standard to
better protect our children.” (“美国的PM2.5污染水平相对较低，但生活在低于当前PM2.5年空气质量标准地
区的学生，在考试成绩方面仍然受到空气污染的负面影响，”Zang说。“我们应该致力于提高PM2.5年度
标准，以更好地保护我们的孩子。”)”可知，臧在第三段提供建议。故选A。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The subsequent studies, the researchers said, would involve looking at
whether the findings hold true in different areas, and also the reasons behind the ethnic and sexual differences. (研
究人员说，接下来的研究将包括观察这些发现是否在不同的领域也适用，以及族裔和性别差异背后的原
因)”可推知，后续研究的重点可能是调查结果对其他区域的适用性。故选A。
Passage 2 体裁：议论文 主题：网络攻击的问题探讨
In recent years, aggression on social media have become commonplace. More than half of the victims said
they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator (作恶者). Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the
Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior.
Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real human nature? Are we-at our
core-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political divisions app ear to be growing. The
level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social media has
unlocked our cruel human nature.
As an evolutionary anthropologist, I have spent years researching our transformation as a species. Over the
past two million years, we have evolved from groups of apelike beings armed with sticks and stones to the creators
of cars, rockets, and nations. Our bigger brains have allowed us to bond and cooperate in more complex and diverse
ways than any other animal. Meanwhile, “you are whom you meet.” How we perceive, experience, and act in the
world is shaped by who and what surround us on a daily basis. This process has deep evolutionary roots and gives
humans what we call a shared reality.
I would argue that the rise in online aggression is a product of our evolutionary social skills, the social media
boom, and the specific political, economic and social context where we find ourselves. This explosive combination
has opened up a space for increasingly more people to fan the flames of aggression and insult online. Aggressivebehavior-especially to those you don’t have to confront face-to-face-is easier than it’s ever been. And for the
aggressor, there are often no consequences.
Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because we are more aggressive at our
core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting
pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person and on social media, we must do both.
35．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph two refer to?
A．Hate crimes on the rise. B．Growing political divisions.
C．Considerable online bitterness. D．The transformation of humans.
36．What’s the author’s attitude toward social media?
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Approving. D．Ironic.
37．What does the author propose to address the issue of growing aggression?
A．Embracing our aggressive nature to compete in today’s world.
B．Strengthening laws to hold perpetrators responsible for their online actions.
C．Promoting positive behaviors and interactions in both real-life and digital spaces.
D．Focusing only on reducing anonymity on the internet to reduce offensive behavior.
38．What is mainly discussed in this passage?
A．The impact of social media on society.
B．The influence of evolution on our behavior.
C．The reasons behind rising online aggression.
D．The factors in the social media development.
【答案】35．C 36．B 37．C 38．C
【导语】本文是议论文。本文论述了网上霸凌或其他攻击性言行增加的原因，是人类残忍的本性使然，还
是社交媒体的过错。
35．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Does this growing aggression on social media give us a glimpse of our real
human nature? Are we-at our core-aggressive beasts? It’s true that hate crimes are on the rise, and political
divisions app ear to be growing. The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. (社交媒体上日益增
长的攻击性是否让我们看到了真正的人性？我们本质上是好斗的野兽吗？的确，仇恨犯罪正在上升，政治
分歧似乎也在扩大。公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。)”可知，that指上文公众相当高
的痛苦程度。A. Hate crimes on the rise仇恨犯罪呈上升趋势；B. Growing political divisions日益严重的政治
分歧；C. Considerable online bitterness相当多的网络痛苦；D. The transformation of humans人类的转变。故
选C。
36．推理判断题。根据一段中“Most people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet provides cover for
nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior. (大多数人认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”和第
二段中“The level of public bitterness-especially online-is substantial. But I don’t believe that’s because social
media has unlocked our cruel human nature. (公众的痛苦程度——尤其是在网上——是相当高的。但我不相信
这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”可知，虽然很多人认为网络的匿名性为网上攻击性行为提供
了遮掩，作者不这么认为，然后客观论述了背后的原因。所以作者对社交媒体的态度还是比较公正客观的。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but that’s not because
we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying, abuse, and
aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world demands. In person
and on social media, we must do both. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是因为我们内心更好
斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要求的亲社会态度和
行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”可知，不管是线上还是线下，整个社
会之所以变得越来越有攻击性，不是因为我们本性好斗好攻击，而是因为一直以来我们没有勇敢地站出来
与这些攻击性行为做斗争，所以作者提倡线上线下我们都应有积极的言行和互动。故选C。
38．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是通过第一段“In recent years, aggression on social media have become
commonplace. More than half of the victims said they didn’t know the identity of the perpetrator (作恶者). Most
people agreed that the anonymity (匿名) of the Internet provides cover for nasty and harassing (骚扰) behavior. (近
年来，社交媒体上的攻击性已经变得司空见惯。超过一半的受害者说他们不知道行凶者的身份。大多数人
认为，互联网的匿名性为恶劣和骚扰行为提供了掩护。)”引入话题：网上攻击性言行的增加，很多人认为
始作俑者是网络本身。第二段中“But I don’t believe that’s because social media has unlocked our cruel human
nature. (但我不相信这是因为社交媒体释放了我们残忍的人性。)”作者提出是不是因为人类本性好斗呢？他
不认为是社交媒体释放了我们的本性，接着概括了三个原因：人类进化出的社交特性，网络媒体的繁荣，
各种政治、经济和社会环境的影响。最后一段“Yes, it seems that the world is getting more aggressive, but
that’s not because we are more aggressive at our core. It’s because we haven’t been standing up against bullying,
abuse, and aggressive harassment, and promoting pro-social attitudes and actions our contemporary world
demands. In person and on social media, we must do both. (是的，这个世界似乎变得越来越好斗，但这并不是
因为我们内心更好斗。这是因为我们没有站出来反对欺凌、虐待和侵略性的骚扰，没有提倡当代世界所要
求的亲社会态度和行动。无论是面对面还是在社交媒体上，我们都必须做到这两点。)”作者呼吁大家行动
起来，与这些攻击性言行作斗争。综上，作者主要探讨了日益增长的网络攻击行为背后的原因，故选C。
Passage 3 体裁：说明文 主题：某种认知对社交心态的影响
Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over time. People are often stuck
in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking with someone for the first time:
“Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or deeply bored?”
To find out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research. In our
studies, participants in the UK talked with someone they had never met before. Afterward, they were asked how
much they liked their conversation partner and how much they believed that their conversation partner liked them.
This allowed us to compare how much people believed they were liked to how much they were actually liked.
Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative feelings about the
impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation partners like them
and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.
This bias (偏见) may seem like something that would occur only in initial interactions, but its effects extendfar beyond a first impression. Surprisingly, the liking gap can constantly affect a variety of relationships, including
interactions with coworkers, long after the initial conversations have taken place. Having a larger liking gap is
associated with being less willing to ask workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and
honest feedback, and less willing to work on another project together.
There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to start is shifting your focus of
attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely curious about them, ask them more
questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the other person, and the less you’re
focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind will turn to all the things you think
you didn’t do well.
39．Why did the author carry out 10 years of research?
A．To dismiss national concerns. B．To check out a potential bias.
C．To enhance human communication. D．To develop harmonious relationships.
40．What is one effect of people’s liking gap?
A．Fewer chances of new projects. B．Underestimation of their ability.
C．Bad relationships with people around. D．Low willingness to interact with others.
41．What does the author intend to do in the last paragraph?
A．Restate opinions. B．Deliver warnings. C．Give suggestions. D．Make a
summary.
42．Which might be the best title for the text?
A．Liking Gap May Influence Work Performances
B．First Impressions Rely On Initial Conversations
C．People Probably Like You More Than You Think
D．How People Like You Matters Less Than You Assume
【答案】39．B 40．D 41．C 42．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了什么是“好感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影
响。
39．细节理解题。根据第一段“Initial conversations can have a huge impact on how relationships develop over
time. People are often stuck in the impressions they think they might have made the minute they finish speaking
with someone for the first time: “Did they like me or were they just being polite?” “Were they deep in thought or
deeply bored?”(最初的对话会对关系的发展产生巨大的影响。人们常常会陷入自己第一次和别人说话时留下
的印象中：“他们是喜欢我还是只是出于礼貌？”“他们是在沉思还是很无聊？”)”以及第二段“To find
out whether these worries are necessary, we have conducted nearly 10 years of research.(为了弄清楚这些担忧是
否有必要，我们进行了近10年的研究)”可知，作者进行10年的研究是为了找出潜在的偏见。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Having a larger liking gap is associated with being less willing to ask
workmates for help, less willing to provide workmates with open and honest feedback, and less willing to work on
another project together.(好感认知差距越大，就越不愿意向同事寻求帮助，越不愿意向同事提供公开和诚实
的反馈，越不愿意一起完成另一个项目)”可知，好感认知差距的一个影响是与他人互动的意愿低。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据最后一段“There are numerous strategies to minimize your biased feelings. One place to
start is shifting your focus of attention. Try to direct your attention to your conversation partner, be genuinely
curious about them, ask them more questions, and really listen to their answers. The more you’re zeroed in on the
other person, and the less you’re focused on yourself, the better your conversation will be and the less your mind
will turn to all the things you think you didn’t do well.(有很多策略可以减少你的偏见。可以从转移你的注意力
开始。试着把你的注意力转移到你的谈话对象身上，真诚地对他们感到好奇，问他们更多的问题，并认真
倾听他们的回答。你越关注对方，越少关注自己，你们的对话就会越好，你也就越不会去想那些你认为自
己做得不好的事情)”可知，作者在最后一段想给出建议。故选C。
42．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Time and time again, we found that people left their conversations with negative
feelings about the impression they made. That is, people systematically underestimate how much their conversation
partners like them and enjoy their company — a false belief we call the “liking gap”.(我们一次又一次地发现，人
们在结束谈话时对自己留下的印象感到消极。也就是说，人们系统性地低估了交谈对象对自己的喜爱程度
和对陪伴的享受程度——这种错误的信念我们称之为“好感认知差距”)”结合文章主要说明了什么是“好
感认知差距”以及这种心态对人们社交关系的影响。可知，C选项“人们可能比你想象的更喜欢你”最符
合文章标题。故选C。
1.（2024年1月浙江卷C篇）
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a
result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail
Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain
before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project
flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years
“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area
from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification
Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the
University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cellin Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one
really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded
in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative
legal safety.
8. What does the project aim to do?
A. Conserve moisture in the soil. B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
9. Who are opposed to the project?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta. B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials. D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
10. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加
里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机
在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯
塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million
per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make
small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一组保险
公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，
使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights —
worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research
scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷
风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce
moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克
拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了
由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水
分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷
风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud
seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,
no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering
can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践
中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉
讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨
公司将继续存在。故选D项。
2.（2023年全国甲卷D篇）
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the
American psyche — we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around
the world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same:
a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly
being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or
more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by
settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,
grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and
allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies
remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm
animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards andcampsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other
farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who
manages bears in and around Missoula.
32. How do Americans look at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in people.
B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value.
D. They are a symbol of American culture.
33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?
.
A The European settlers’ behavior.
B. The expansion of bears’ range.
C. The protection by law since 1975.
D. The support of Native Americans.
34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from de-listing grizzlies?
A. The opposition of conservation groups.
B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists.
D. The local farmers’ advocates.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy
a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊可以长
到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带来可怕
的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975
年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.
Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,
which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。
它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has
been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would
loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from
conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复
非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保
护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是
环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,
sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants
from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around
chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to
have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel,
longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻
烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移
走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们
希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期
管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预
防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
