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第 03 讲 词义猜测题
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································1
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································2
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································2
考点一 题型破解······································································································································2
知识点1 题型特点·······················································································································3
知识点2 选项规律·······················································································································3
知识点3 高分技巧·······················································································································3
考点二 代词指代题 ································································································································4
考点三 单词或短语指代题·····················································································································5
考点四 句意指代题 ································································································································6
04真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战······································································································································7
2.命题演练······································································································································8
近三年阅读理解词义猜测题考点细目
年份 卷别 题号
新高考I卷 28
2024 新高考II卷 32
全国甲卷 26
浙江卷1月 24
新高考I卷 29
2023 新高考II卷 30
全国甲卷 24
全国乙卷 34
浙江卷1月 24、29
新高考I卷 30
2022 新高考II卷 24、30
全国甲卷 28
全国乙卷 29考点一 题型破解
知识点1 题型特点
分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需
要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此，在阅
读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。此外，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对提高阅读能力都有
非常重要的意义。
整体分布：要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，
或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。
难度分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查；这对考生的
语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。
考查内容：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。
知识点2 选项规律
干扰项特征
1.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；
2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
3. 拘泥于字面意思，根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主观臆
断。
正确选项特征
逻辑通顺 内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑；
代词查询 代词指代有时与上文距离较远，需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论；
本意延伸 真实的含义与其字面意思无关，在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展；
接近原意 采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式，与原句意思最接近。
知识点3 高分技巧
1. 根据构词法进行猜测。构词法是猜测生词含义的重要依据，根据构词法猜测出的词义一般比较接近单词
的真实意思，准确度较高。近三年高考阅读文本中出现了派生词、合成词，且没有给出注解，考生需要利
用构词法理解其含义，因此，利用构词法猜词的方法考生仍需要掌握。
2.根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时下文紧跟一个同位语，对上文的词进行解释，这时可利
用同位关系对上文或下文的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
典例The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient’s heartbeat
and breathing.
3. 根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定
义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。4. 根据因果关系进行猜测。表示因果关系的词如 because,since,for,as,thus,therefore,consequently,hence,due
to,owing to,thanks to,on account of,result in, result from,so,as a result,for this
reason,accordingly,so...that...,such...that...等。在文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
5. 根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise等可知上下句存在转
折关系，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
6. 根据举例推测词义。有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。
线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。
7. 根据标点符号猜测词义。这类标点符号通常为括号、冒号、破折号、逗号等。
8. 根据同义词、近义词或反义词猜测词义。同义词、近义词或反义词往往有and, or, but, however等信息词
作暗示。
典例1.In our competitive world of today, examinations have a highly selecting or filtering role.
典例2. She programmed an IBM 7030 Stretch computer, providing faster calculations for an accurate Earthmodel.
This detailed mathematical model of the shape of the Earth was a building block for what would become the GPS
orbit.
What does the underlined phrase “a building block” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．A basic part. B．A detailed map. C．A building material. D．A major obstacle.
考点二 代词指代题
分析近年高考真题可知，代词指代题一般不会单纯从语法角度考查指代对象，都需要借助上下文语境以
及逻第一辑步关：系审来读进题行干猜，测判断。代代词词(i猜t, o测ne题, th常ey,出 th现is, 在tha人t, t物hes或e, 事tho物se,变 w换hic多h等，)或动助作动转词换(d频o, 繁doe的s, 语did境 等中)具。体 指代词
的含义，如指代单数、复数、指人，物，还是一件事等。。
第二步：返回原文，找到指代词→向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词，短语或句子。
第三步：将找到的词、词组或句子代入替代该指代词，看意思和逻辑关系是否通顺，从而确定最佳选项。
典例1. （2024年浙江卷1月B篇）When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual
,
phone call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended
purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping
to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit
candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
典例2.（2024年全国高三专题训练）To improve road safety and raise awareness among Russia’s notoriously
(臭名昭著地) careless drivers, Russian police have tried to get drivers to slow down at zebra (斑马) crossings by
having painted horses as zebras walk across on the busiest streets in some of the big cities.
The light grey horses, painted with black stripes (条纹), carried signs on their backs reading: “Careful,
children are on their way to school.” The police sent the “zebras” to several different locations in the Russian
capital, where officials in orange vests walked them over zebra crossings and handed out leaflets (传单) to passing
drivers.
What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The zebras. B．The policemen. C．The horses. D．The drivers.
思维建模：观察本题属于代词指代，首先应当明确代词在本句应当往上句所指还是重点引出下句，如 that
承上，this启下。人称代词指代前文所说内容等。
考点三 单词或短语猜题
第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；
第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；
第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。
解题原则：对原文多处相关信息进行整合转换。
典例1.（2024年湖南省长郡中学）The work of completing the paper was glum, says Heather O’Leary. It
involved tracking visitors’ reactions to the environment on social media. “Part of the data for months was just
reading posts: dead fish, dead fish, dead fish,” she recalled. “We were really thinking every day about the Gulf of
Mexico and the waters that surround us, about those risks, and the risks to our coastal economy.”
What does the underlined word “glum” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Exciting. B．Emotional.
C．Routine. D．Miserable.
典例2.（（2024年浙江省二模试题）......
I think that we shouldn’t forget that we shouldn’t train our students for today or tomorrow; we should train
them for 10 to 20 years from now. Because then they will be the innovators in our society, and they will be the
persons that make a difference. Train our students for future means that they have to be able to surpass the border of
our current knowledge. This is what I mean with playground. I mean that you have sufficient space to think, to
discover and to be free to make mistakes, but in particular to make the next steps, be creative and not limited by
what should be done. A lot of things happen by accident and suddenly you get a major breakthrough or new insight.
Schools should encourage students to ask questions and be creative.
What does “plavground” mean to Bernard Feringa?
A．An area for physical activities. B．An area for extra-curricular experiments.
C．An area for bold exploration. D．An area for academic improvements.
变式训练（广东省S7高质量发展联盟2024年高三联考）
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
考点四 句意猜词题
句意猜测题要求考生用合适的语句解释一个具有概括性的句子或格言谚语。一般来讲，无法单独通过字面
意思理解句子的隐含意义，遇到此类题，必须回归原文，将画线句的前后句，甚至前后段进行归纳总结，
再将自己理解的意思与选项的意思逐个比较，选出最为接近的选项作为答案。
第一步：返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系分析。
第二步：理解句子的前后特定语境，然后根据语境对此句在文中的意思进行有依据的推理，一般来说，正确选项的
意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不过是用其他的词汇或句式来转换表达而已。
第三步：备选项代入原文，与上下文进行整体嵌入，遵循逻辑，得出答案。
典例1.（23-24·广东佛山·试题）For the first two days after he broke his arm, he had little freedom from pain.
A．he was almost in a state of pain B．he lost his freedom due to severe pain
C．he had freedom of movement despite pain D．he nearly lost his sense because of sharp pain典例2.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）We both started looking for jobs right away, but there weren’t any to be
found. With each passing day we were getting increasingly worried and we continued to work together in order to
pull our family through. The more we pulled together, the closer we got. I felt feelings of admiration for my
husband that I hadn’t felt in years.
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph means that ________.
A．they became closer as they struggled together
B．they hoped to find jobs in the same company
C．both of them had the courage to face difficulty
D．they were trying to make their relationship closer
一、 真题实战
1.（2023年浙江卷1 月）
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
2.（2022年全国甲卷C篇）
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
3.（2022年新高考I卷C篇）Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embarkon the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking
forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate.
二、 命题演练
1.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at
Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that
read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.”
A．Money spent without hesitation.
B．Money not legally made.
C．Money offered without conditions.
D．Money not tied together.
2.（2024·北京·三模）It takes a surprising amount of work to keep a tiny home in order: buying a used van online;
ensuring the smooth running of a gas cooker and car batteries; fetching water and emptying the mobile toilet. I
began to enjoy taking care of my immediate surroundings. Over the summer, I worked to turn waste-ground into a
wild garden, replacing weeds with wild plants.
What does “immediate surroundings” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A．a used van B．a gas cooker C．a wild garden D．a mobile toilet
3.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）The creators of the wall hope it will bring an urgently needed solution to the
threats facing the African continent, creating 10 million jobs in rural areas, as well as preventing 250 million tons of
carbon. The initiative is Africa-driven, which for those on the continent, is vital, and may hold the key to success.
“The Great Green Wall…is about ownership, and that has been the failure of development aid because people were
never identified with it,” said Elvis Paul Tangam, African Union Commissioner for the Sahara and Sahel Great
Green Wall Initiative.“But this time they identify. This is the very thing of us!”
What does “us” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．African Unions. B．All advocates. C．Land owners. D．All Africans.
4.（2024年全国高三联考）Cost is another issue that may discourage people switching to electric power. But
some countries offer incentive, such as cutting prices by reducing import taxes, and not charging for road tax and
parking. Some also provide exclusive lanes for electric cars to be driven on, overtaking traditional cars which might
be stuck in jams.
What does the underlined word “incentive” mean in paragraph 3?
A．compensation B．allowance C．encouragement D．Privilege
5.（2024年广州执信中学高三模拟）“Normally, if you push the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just lightup,” Nelson told the reporter. Not this time. Meanwhile, she and the pilot learned of the plane’s urgent mission —
it was a helicopter, there to transport a seriously ill local girl to the nearest hospital, 280 miles away in another city.
What does the underlined word “urgent” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．instant B．normal C．final D．impossible
6.（2024年全国高三模拟）Billionaires increased their new billions just as millions of other Americans ran into
terrible financial problems. More than 20 million people lost their jobs at the start of the pandemic. Food banks
across the country are preparing for another great increase in demand. Why are American billionaires doing so well
while so many other Americans suffer? People may find part of the reasons from the following fact. Stocks (股票)
are overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths
much more quickly than other parts of the economy.
What is “part of the reasons” that is implied in Paragraph 2?
A．The American inequality.
B．The recovery of stock market.
C．The effect of the pandemic.
D．The food shortage across the country.
7.（2024 年全国高三模拟）Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park mainly
intended for mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate
(房地产) developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe
cognitive delay and physical challenges.
The world’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Morgan’s Wonderland opened in the spring of 2010.
Admission for guests with special needs is free, and fees for the general public are set at a much discounted price so
that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment.
Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a
catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to
accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-
Road Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sporty vehicles. Moreover, each visitor is offered the
option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park. The band
also enables them to take part in electronic activities. For example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Road
Adventure, a photo will be taken and sent to their email.
What does “ultra-accessible” in the second paragraph imply?
A．It’s easy for all visitors to use the facilities.
B．Admission is free for people young and old.
C．Wheelchairs are provided for every featured attraction.
D．Morgan’s Wonderland is situated in a convenient location.
