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专题 04 阅读理解之猜测词义题
目 录
猜测词义 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
一 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 猜 测 词 义 --- 猜 测 单 词 的 意
思-------------------------------------------------------------------2
二 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 猜 测 词 义 --- 猜 测 短 语 意
思------------------------------------------------------------------6
三 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 猜 测 词 义 --- 猜 测 代 词 词
义-----------------------------------------------------------------12
四 、 （ 最 新 模 拟 题 ） 阅 读 理 解 之 猜 测 词 义 --- 猜 测 句 子 意
思---------------------------------------------------------------16
五 、 高 考 真
题-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1904 阅读理解之猜测词义
最新模拟演练
一、阅读理解之猜测词义---单词的意思
1.（2024·浙江省稽阳联谊学校高三上学期11月联考）
The concept of bypassing ground transportation by air isn’t new. Helicopter taxi service already exists in
cities like New York, where a flight can sometimes be comparable to or cheaper than the cost of a ride-share from
an airport into Manhattan.
29．What does the underlined word “bypass” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Avoid. B．Conduct. C．Restrict. D．Control.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。由文章第五段“The concept of bypassing ground transportation by air isn’t new.
Helicopter taxi service already exists in cities like New York, where a flight can sometimes be
comparable to or cheaper than the cost of a ride-share from an airport into Manhattan.(通过空运 地面运
输的概念并不新鲜。直升机出租车服务已经在纽约等城市存在，在那里，航班有时可以与从机场到曼哈顿
的拼车费用相当或便宜。)”可以推测，bypassing应该表示“绕过，避免”的意思。故选A项。
2.（2024·浙江省强基联盟高三上学期12月联考）
Sperm whales have complex social groups. When a familiar young male rejoined his family, researchers seized
the chance to record their sounds. For two decades, scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their
clicking sounds. After manually decoding some sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. Using a neural (神
经的) network, the team trained it to discern individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious goal
is to train a computer to speak whale.
29．What does the underlined word “discern” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Train. B．Recognize. C．Record. D．Protect.
【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句“Sperm whales have complex social groups. ...For two decades,
scientists documented two sperm whale groups, capturing their clicking sounds. After manually decoding some
sounds, they turned to AI for faster translation. ...individual whales from a subset of sounds. Next, their ambitious
goal is to train a computer to speak whale.(抹香鲸有复杂的社会群体。……二十年来，科学家们记录了两个抹
香鲸群，捕捉到它们的咔哒声。在手动解码一些声音后，他们转向人工智能来加快翻译速度。……从声音
子集中（）单个鲸鱼。接下来，他们雄心勃勃的目标是训练一台计算机说鲸鱼语。)”可知，该团队利用AI
来将个体抹香鲸(的声音)与一个子集的声音分辨开来，由此可知，discern意为“识别”，与B项
“Recognize”意思接近。故选B项。
3.（2024·浙江省县域教研联盟高三上学期12月月考）
After the plane landed, I immediately read the critique myself, which was harsh and thorough, pointing out
several fundamental flaws in our methods and in the basic data. The fallout was swift and intense. I received a
flood of emails and messages. Some were from supportive colleagues, but many were harshly critical of my work.I
was depressed, wondering what this would mean for my career.
25．What does the underlined word “fallout” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Consequence. B．Conflict. C．Solution. D．Shame.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段“I received a flood of emails and messages. (我收到了大量的电子邮件和
信息。)”可知，作者下飞机后收到了大量的电子邮件和信息，由此可推测出，这篇文章被指出错误所带来
的后果非常迅速而强烈。fallout意为“后果”与A项：Consequence(结果，后果)意思最接近。故选A。
4. （2024·湖南省湘东九校第一次联考试题一模）
Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital reading: “Recent studies of various kinds
indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading.”
When you read a book on paper, you can be entirely inside the experience, absorb hundreds of pages of details
thoroughly and begin to capture the world’s complexity. Online, says Maryanne Wolf of UCLA, we are “skimming,
scanning, scrolling”. The medium is the message: doing deep reading on your phone is as hard as playing tennis
with your phone. Recently, a bright 11-year-old told me I was wasting time on books: he absorbed more
information faster from Wikipedia. He had a point. But digital readers also absorb more misinformation and seldom
absorb fine perspectives.
10．What does the underlined word “demerits” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Effects. B．Depths. C．Features. D．Drawbacks.【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Experts in the Ljubljana Manifesto record the demerits of digital
reading: “Recent studies of various kinds indicate a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-
strategic reading and long-form reading.” (《卢布尔雅那宣言》的专家们记录了数字阅读的demerits：“最近
各种各样的研究表明，批判性阅读、有意识阅读、慢读、非战略性阅读和长篇阅读的数量正在下降。”)”
中“a decline of critical and conscious reading, slow reading, non-strategic reading and long-form reading”可知，
这些都是数字阅读盛行带来的问题和弊端，所以划线词demerits与drawbacks同义，意为“缺点，弊端 ”。
故选D项。
5.（2024·广西壮族自治区广西贵港市、百色市、河池市高三上学期三模联考）
I don’t only avoid (避免) those “if only” moments when it comes to safety. it’s equally important to avoid “if
only” in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone
an opportunity to say, “I love you” or “I forgive you.” When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor
across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn’t be here. But
then I thought about the fact that he’s 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn’t give up an opportunity to see him.
I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.
6．Which word(s) can best replace the underlined word “foregone” in Paragraph 3?
A．given up. B．Lacked. C．Avoided. D．Wasted.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词所在句的and前后连接语意相似成分，由其前“We all know people who lost a
loved one(我们都知道，有些人失去了所爱的人)”可推知此处是指“后悔放弃（失去）了一个机会”，即：
他们失去了心爱的人，后悔失去了说“我爱你”或“我原谅你”的机会，foregone意为“放弃”。故选
A。
6. （2024·河北省保定市保定部分高中高三上学期12月期中）
While the instructor controlled the sessions, the robot, triggered by the instructor, took over at certain times to
lead the students. Besides introducing the session, the robot set goals and provided self-regulating strategies, if
necessary. If the learning process was getting off-track, the robot used strategies such as games, riddles, jokes,
breathing exercises and physical movements to redirect the students back to the task.
Which of the following can best replace the underlined part “triggered” in paragraph 5?
A．picked up B．set off C．taken out D．brought in
【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第五段第一句中的“While the instructor controlled the sessions(当教练控制课程
时)”和“by the instructor(由教练)”可知，此处是指由教练触发的机器人。所以triggered意为“被触发的”。
故选B。
7. （2024•江苏省南京市六校高三上学期11月期中联合调研）
Their 14-year-old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He
completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. That’s not all. He also ran two tech
companies, founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive (入侵的)
species.
What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A gifted person. B．A famous student.
C．A brilliant biologist. D．A successful businessman.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He
completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. (他是全球顶尖的智商俱乐部门萨
的成员。他在三年内完成了高中、副学士和学士学位)”可知，Mike的智商非常高，学习能力非常强，能迅
速完成学业。由此可知，他应该是一个天才，a prodigy意思应该是“极具天赋的人”。故选A项。
8. （2024•江西省高一上学期11月期中）
The German chancellor also expressed confidence in his country’s strengths. “There is no question about the
international competitiveness of Germany as a car country,” he said, adding that “Germany is still the linchpin of
the auto industry and will remain so.”
What does the underlined word in the sixth paragraph mean?
A．serious problem B．noticeable weakness
C．angry consumer D．key role
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据前文“There is no question about the international competitiveness of Germany as a
car country(德国作为一个汽车国家的国际竞争力是毫无疑问的)”可知，肖尔茨对德国汽车业的竞争力有信
心，推知下文的linchpin是“关键”之意和D项意思相近。故选D项。
9. （2024•四川省雅安市联考高三上学期12月联考）
“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD,
the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found anincreased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游
说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are
still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”
What does the underlined word “stringent” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Strict. B．Slight.
C．Bright. D．Ordinary.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。分析可知，“and”表示前后的顺承关系，根据后文内容“should be relaxed(应该放
松)”可知，许多行业游说团体认为目前的标准需要放松，由此可推知，前文“many industry lobbying groups
argue that current levels are too stringent”应是表达“他们认为行业标准过于严格”。因此推知，画线单词
“stringent”应是“严格的，严厉的”，与选项A“strict(严格的，严厉的)”表达含义一致。故选A项。
10. （2024•黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市高三上学期11月月考）
The issue has resulted in the French government expressing their attitude, and Apple is not the only
manufacturer under scrutiny. Other brands such as Samsung and Motorola all have models which exceed the
national limit. In fact, over 50 phone models across the major tech company sphere are included in the list by
French technology watchdogs, with flagship products such as the Samsung Galaxy Note 10 and Motorola Edge all
under scrutiny.
Which can replace the underlined word “scrutiny” in paragraph 6?
A．Examination. B．Development. C．Instruction. D．Budget.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Apple is not the only manufacturer under”以及后文“Other brands
such as Samsung and Motorola all have models which exceed the national limit.(三星和摩托罗拉等其他品牌都有
超过国家限制的型号)”可知，苹果并不是唯一受到审查的制造商，三星和摩托罗拉等其他品牌都有超过国
家限制的型号。故划线词意思是“审查”。故选A。
二、阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测短语意思
1.（2024•江西省部分地区高三上学期11月期中）
If you want to lose weight, the key is to develop a caloric deficit in which you burn calories more than what
you’re consuming. But eating high calorie fatty food regularly can make this a hard nut. “You are overconsuming
calories and will have to do more exercise than a person can sustain on a long-term basis,” Carriker said.Which is closest in meaning to “hard nut” underlined in paragraph 3?
A．Disorder. B．Target. C．Trend. D．Challenge.
【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。 根据“If you want to lose weight, the key is to develop a caloric deficit in which you
burn calories more than what you’re consuming.(如果你想减肥，关键是要养成热量不足的习惯，在这种情况
下，你燃烧的卡路里要多于你摄入的卡路里)”以及划线处前“But eating high calorie fatty food regularly can
make this a(但是经常吃高热量、高脂肪的食物会使这种情况发生)”but表示转折，可知，经常吃高热量高脂
肪的食物会让减肥变得很困难。划线处和D项：Challenge(挑战)含义相近。故选D。
2. （2024•湖北省武昌实验中学高三上学期12月月考）
Anna Steed doesn’t look much older than her students, but she is a practitioner of behavioral and motivational
science, a shoulder to cry on, and the high school debate coach. Her class, which began as an elective class to give
students exposure to skills that prepare them for college, has become the class on campus that creates winners.
Speech and debate test the teenage character perhaps more than any other activity. The shy and the unsure
often have no desire to look up from their screens and engage in the oldest human interaction: persuasive oral
arguments. It’s dreadful territory for the average teenager. Research, writing, delivering a speech in front of your
peers --it all sounds like the kind of class students would be most likely to skip. But Anna draws them in.
Classroom 161 is always full. Anna’s debate teams have a case full of medals; most importantly, they have
gone on to become leaders of their communities and examples to their families.
“This activity has changed my life. Just building connections with people I never, ever imagined building
connections with,” relates Alexander Hernandez Gonzalez. Alexander suffered from social anxiety throughout his
childhood. Then he discovered debate as a freshman, and it changed his life.
What drives young people to stand up and passionately deliver a speech in front of a crowd full of strangers, a
panel of judges and opposing teams from more privileged high schools? The person who will always have their
back: Anna Steed.
“I want them to just have the memory of making it through, succeeding in a place like that and expressing a
story that leaves that place better,” Anna says.
That better place begins in room 161 when unsure and nervous students enter for the first time. After
setbacksand adjustments, a lot of hugs, encouragement, and hours of late-night study and practice, they roll out a
few years later with their shoulders back and a full tank of confidence, ready to take on the next stage of life.
What do the underlined words “that place” in paragraph 6 refer to?A．Anna’s class. B．The privileged classroom
C．Unfamiliar territory. D．The next stage of life.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句“Her class, which began as an elective class to give students
exposure to skills that prepare them for college, has become the class on campus that creates winners.(她的课最初
是一门选修课，旨在让学生接触到为上大学做准备的技能，现在已经成为校园里培养赢家的课程。)”和最
后一段“‘I want them to just have the memory of making it through, succeeding in a place like that and
expressing a story that leaves that place better’Anna says.(安娜说：“我希望他们能记住在这样的地方自己度
过难关，取得成功，并表达一个让那个地方变得更好的故事的记忆。)”由此可推断划线词that place 指的是
Anna上辩论课的地方，Anne的课堂，故选A。
3. （2024•上海市松江区高三上学期期末质量监控）
Every summer, as a child, I spent with my parents the annual family holiday, flying away from our home in the
West Midlands to their birthplace in Ireland.
I enjoyed it, but once, I behaved differently and left home. Package tours and long-distance flights became my
idea of a holiday. I then went and ran into an Englishman who also came of Irish stock, and we both felt the urge to
renew our knowledge of Ireland.
It was important for us to discover something different from our childhood visits. So that’s how we came to
drive along the winding St John’s Point Peninsula (半岛) in Donegal, part of Ireland’s Wild Atlantic Way, to visit a
unique part of the 20th-century history — the Donegal Corridor.
When anyone drives to the point where the land runs out, he sees giant white stones fixed firmly in green grass
spelling out “EIRE” and “70”, while the Atlantic wind fiercely blows across the headland and the ice-white waves
smash into the rocks below. The meaning behind the stones? They date back to the Second World War when St
John’s Point was number 70 in a total of 83 Look Out Points (LOPs), observation stations set up and maintained by
Ireland all around its coast.
There lies a bit of curious UK-Ireland history. Although Ireland was officially neutral during the war, the
Battle of the Atlantic was being fought close to Irish shores, and these LOPs, staffed by local volunteers known as
Coast watchers, passed on information on activities connected with the sea and weather fronts to London.
At St John’s Point, we were standing right under the Donegal Corridor, a long narrow area of airspace in
which Ireland ensured safe passage during World War II to planes in the RAF (Royal Air Force) from bases in the
UK-governed North of Ireland. The stone markings acted as reference points to aircrews.Standing on this rough area of land surrounded by the wild and windy ocean brought home to us the
conditions in which the Coast watchers and aircrews in the RAF cooperated in a shared history.
I revolted against my family tradition that summer, and I fulfilled my aim of discovering something new and
absorbed all Donegal has to offer: empty golden beaches, mysterious ancient stone circles, folk music and crafts,
and tasty food. I had fallen in love with Ireland all over again.
The expression “revolted against” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to __________.
A．worried about B．passed on C．celebrated D．disobeyed
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“I enjoyed it, but once, I behaved differently and left home. (我很喜欢，
但有一次，我表现得不一样，离开了家)”，以及画线词的下文“my family tradition that summer (那年夏天我
的家庭传统)”可推知，此处指上文提到的作者在那年夏天没有遵循以往的家庭传统，而是独自一人去旅行，
revolt against意思应该是“反抗，不遵循”，与disobey意思相近。故选D项。
4. （2024•福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期12月月考）
In the late 1940s, doctors were worried. Britain, like many rich countries, was suffering from an “epidemic” of
heart disease and no one knew why. Various hypotheses, such as stress, were suggested; but one thing that was not
exercising researchers was exercise. The idea that health and exercise were linked “wasn’t the accepted fact that we
know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge University. Some even felt that “too
much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers who did physical exercise also
suffered from various diseases and died young.
What does the underlined part “exercising researchers” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Encouraging researchers to work out. B．Helping with researchers’ inquiry.
C．Hold back researchers’ progress. D．Drawing researchers’ attention.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词“was exercise”以及后文“The idea that health and exercise were linked
“wasn’t the accepted fact that we know today”, says Nick Wareham, a professor of epidemiology at Cambridge
University. Some even felt that “too much physical activity was a bad thing for your health”. Miners and farmers
who did physical exercise also suffered from various diseases and died young.(剑桥大学流行病学教授Nick
Wareham表示，健康和运动有关的观点“在当时并不是我们今天所知道的公认事实”。一些人甚至认为
“过多的体育活动对你的健康有害”。从事体育锻炼的矿工和农民也会患上各种疾病，英年早逝)”可知，
当时认为锻炼会对健康有害，即锻炼没有引起研究人员的注意。故划线词意思是“引起研究人员的注意”。故选D。
5. （2024•江苏省马坝高级中学高三上学期10月学情调研测试）
Since there was usually not enough time for a bystander pig to become involved in the heat of a conflict,
though this did occur, Dr Norscia looked at what happened in the three minutes immediately following a fight.
Sometimes, he found, the fighters were reconciled with each other on their own. The more distantly related the
fighters were, the more frequently this happened. Dr Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are
more secure to start with, so rebuilding friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them.
What does the underlined word “were reconciled” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Looked up B．Made up. C．Kept in touch. D．Figured out.
【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The more distantly related the fighters were, the more frequently this
happened. Dr. Norscia guessed that relations between close relatives are more secure to start with, so rebuilding
friendly relations rapidly is less necessary for them. (打架者的亲缘关系越远，这种情况发生的频率就越高。
Norscia博士猜测，近亲之间的关系一开始就更安全，因此迅速重建友好关系对他们来说就不那么必要。)”
可知，Norscia博士发现，打架者会自行和解，建立友好关系。故可猜测划线单词reconciled为“和解”的
意思。A. Looked up抬起头来；B. Made up和解；C. Kept in touch保持联系；D. Figured out弄明白了。故
选B项。
6. （2024•山东省滨州市惠民县高三上学期期中）
Artificial Intelligence (AI) advice is as influential as humans’, but positive crowd views still overpower.
In a study, researchers found that machines that make recommendations or AI experts were as influential as
human experts when the AI experts recommended which photo users should add to their online business profiles.
However, both AI and human experts failed to budge them if the feedback of both AI and human experts was
negative and went against popular views among other users, said Sundar, a professor of Media Effects.
What do the underlined words “budge them” in paragraph 2 mean？
A．Raise users’ spirits. B．Satisfy users’ needs.
C．Change users’ ideas. D．Fire users’ imagination.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“In a study, researchers found that machines that make
recommendations-or AI experts-were as influential as human experts when the AI experts recommended which
photo users should add to their online business profiles.(在一项研究中，研究人员发现，当人工智能专家建议哪些照片用户应该添加到他们的在线商业资料中时，提出建议的机器——或人工智能专家——的影响力与
人类专家一样大。）以及However...if the feedback of both AI and human experts was negative and went against
popular views among other users（但是……如果人工智能和人类专家的反馈是负面的，并且与其他用户的流
行观点相悖）”可知，当反馈是负面的情况下，人工智能和人类专家都不能打动他们，即改变不了用户的
观点，因此budge them的意思为“改变用户的观点”。故选C项。
7. （2024•上海市长宁区英语高三上学期一模）
When I volunteered as a social worker at a domestic violence shelter in a developing country, I imagined the
position for which my university experience had prepared me. I imagined conducting intake interviews and walking
around from organization to organization seeking support that the women would need to rebuild their lives. When I
arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience, experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had
invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed
was waiting for me.
I arrived full of zeal. Within moments, my reality made a sharp break from which I had expected. The
coordinator explained that the shelter’s need for financial self-sufficiency had become obvious. To address this, the
center was planning to open a bakery. I immediately enthused about the project, making many references to the
small enterprise case studies I had researched at the university. In response to my impassioned reply, the
coordinator declared me in charge of the bakery. At that moment, I was as prepared to bake bread as I was to run for
political office. The bigger problem, however, was that I was completely unfamiliar with the for-profit business
models necessary to run the bakery. I was out of my depth in a foreign river with only my coordinator’s confidence
to keep me afloat.
The statement that the author arrived “full of zeal” indicates that she was_____________.
A．anxious and insecure B．confident but uninformed
C．eager and interested D．enthusiastic but incompetent
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“When I arrived, I felt as if I already had months of experience,
experience gained in the hypothetical situations I had invented and subsequently resolved single-handedly. I felt
thoroughly prepared to tackle the situation I assumed was waiting for me. (当我到达时，我觉得我已经有了几个
月的经验，这些经验是我在假想的情况下获得的，然后我独自解决了。我觉得自己已经做好了充分的准备，
可以应对我认为正在等着我的局面)”可知，作者在达到的时候对自己满怀信心，觉得自己有充足的准备可
以解决难题。由此推知，此处指她满怀热情地来到这里，full of zeal意思应该是“充满热情且很有兴趣”。故选C项。
三、阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测代词词义
1. （2024•江苏省淮阴中学、姜堰中学、徐州一中高三上学期12月联考）
California is speeding up the launch of its robotaxi. Cars without drivers are already becoming a common sight
on San Francisco’s winding and foggy streets with a lot of hills. But they’ve been limited in their areas and time of
operation, and in some cases have had human safety monitors on board. Last week, California officials voted to
remove most restrictions for the two leading self-driving car companies, Waymo and Cruise, letting them charge for
rides anywhere in the city 24/7. It’s a critical moment for the industry, which has grown to more than 40 companies
reaching millions of miles on public roads every year.
If this is the future, it’s still a tough nut in progress. One San Francisco driverless vehicle rolled into an active
fire scene and prevented firefighters from carrying out their work. Others have stopped dead in the middle of
traffic. There were 93 reported traffic incidents involving robotaxis in March alone. California regulators shouldn’t
be giving robotaxis a free pass. Driverless cars could make a difference to the city streets the way gas-powered
automobiles did a century ago. The objection to driverless cars has been similar, too. In San Francisco, one activist
group has begun coning self-driving taxis—placing a simple orange cone (圆锥体) on the metal cover of the
engine, which seems to “paralyze” an autonomous vehicle.
What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph?
A．Restrictions will be cancelled for the self-driving cars.
B．Francisco’ streets will be upgraded by California regulators.
C．Robotaxis will be in full wings in California around the clock.
D．Millions of miles on public roads will be monitored every year.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“California is speeding up the launch of its robotaxi.(加利福尼亚州正
在加快推出其自动驾驶出租车。)”和“Last week, California officials voted to remove most restrictions for the
two leading self-driving car companies, Waymo and Cruise, letting them charge for rides anywhere in the city 24/7.
(上周，加州官员投票决定取消对Waymo和Cruise这两家领先的自动驾驶汽车公司的大部分限制，允许他
们在城市的任何地方全天候收费。)”可知，加利福尼亚州加快推出自动驾驶出租车，解除了对自动驾驶汽
车的大部分限制，由此可推测出，this指代前文内容，在这里表示自动驾驶出租车即将在加利福尼亚州全
力前进。故选C。
2. （2024·湖南省长沙市第一中学高三上学期月考卷（四））CellOT is a groundbreaking approach that identifies the distinct reactions individual cells within a larger
population can have to a drug. The average response of a cell population often does not capture the full complexity
of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs. CellOT addresses this by predicting the effects of
perturbations (扰动) on cells, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A．various responses of a cell population to drugs
B．the average reaction of a cell population to drugs
C．the resistance from a group of cancer cells to drugs
D．the survival of a population of cancer cells to drugs
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“CellOT is a groundbreaking approach that identifies the distinct
reactions individual cells within a larger population can have to a drug.The average response of a cell population
often does not capture the full complexity of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs.(celllot
是一种突破性的方法，可以识别更大群体中的单个细胞对药物的不同反应。细胞群对于药物的平均反应通
常不能反映某些肿瘤细胞如何生存或产生耐药性的全部复杂性)”可知，“CellOT addresses this”指的是
CellOT能解决前人解决不了的问题，即上文的“找出组成群体的每个细胞对药物的不同反应”，也就是
“various responses of a cell population to drugs”。故选A。
2. （2024·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三上学期期中（Ⅱ））
Roads also disturb elephant migration. Those outside national park boundaries are prior poaching (偷猎)
spots. Elephants know unguarded roads are dangerous. During one study of 28 elephants in Central Africa, only one
female crossed an unprotected road. When she finally crossed, she moved 14 times faster than she did when
crossing a protected road inside a park.
What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Elephants. B．Unguarded roads. C．Poachers. D．Migrations.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Elephants know unguarded roads are dangerous. (大象知道无人看守
的道路很危险。)”可知，大象知道无人看守的道路很危险，说明无守卫道路是优先偷猎的地点。故划线词
指的是“无守卫的道路”。故选B。
3. （2024·广东省高三上学期12月月考）
Anyone can put on a show at the Fringe, and this year even robots were getting in on the act. One of Fringe’sbig shows used a small robot to come up with jokes from audiences’ suggestions, which were then performed by
humans. The results could be very funny, but sometimes they weren’t funny at all. That was part of the point,
explained Piotr Mirowski, the show’s co-maker. “We do not use humans to ‘show off’ AI; instead, we use AI ‘to
show’ its limitations, to showcase human creativity on the stage,” said Mirowski, according to The Guardian.
What does the underlined “That” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Performing jokes made by robots. B．Robots’ jokes are very popular.
C．Robots’ jokes sometimes are not fun. D．Using humans to show off AI.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。“That was part of the point”这句话的意思是“那正是(我们引入AI的)部分目的”。
在行文中，that一般代指其上文所说的事物或事情。结合上文“One of Fringe’s big shows used a small robot
to come up with jokes from audiences’ suggestions, which were then performed by humans. The results could be
very funny, but sometimes they weren’t funny at all.(《边缘》的一个大型节目使用一个小型机器人根据观众的
建议想出笑话，然后由人类表演。结果可能非常有趣，但有时它们一点也不有趣)”可知，机器人的笑话有
时并不好笑导致公司引入AI。由此可知，that指代“机器人的笑话有时不好笑”。故选C。
4. （2024·江西省部分学校上学期11月期中）
The 1973 horror film “The Exorcist” and “Silent Night, Deadly Night” released in 1984 were so scary that
audiences left the theater up and out—throwing up and passing out, that is.
Based on this evidence after the release, it would seem to most people that horror movies are bad for people’s
health. Yet experts actually argue exactly the opposite: The Halloween tradition of watching scary movies is
actually good for your mental health.
“There is some research on this in psychology, but I think what’s basically been found is that there’s a benefit
to recalling fears in your mind,” Matthew Strohl, the author of Why It’s OK to Love Bad Movies, told Salon. “You
can gain a sense of distance from them. You feel you can conquer them through this sort of exposure, as it were, by
repeatedly putting yourself in a position where you have to engage with them. But because it’s in a fictional (虚构
的) artistic context, you can deal with them.”
Frank T. McAndrew, who has studied how places can “creep” people out (让人害怕)—researched on the
science behind how horror movies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle for meeting this need to be scared.
“That is kind of born with us,” McAndrew pointed out. “We like stories. We like to learn through the
experience of other people. We learn valuable lessons that might be kind of costly to learn on our own. So we are
attracted by horror movies and horror experiences because by watching other people deal with scary things, we canmentally practice strategies that will make us better prepared for dealing with that ourselves in the future.”
Whether it is turning down the movie’s volume, covering your eyes, or reminding yourself that it is just a
movie, McAndrew said “that kind of playful engagement with fear can not only help people avoid fainting from
horror in face of a horror movie, but also handle the pressure and anxieties of the real world.”
What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．The appeal for a vehicle. B．The need for fear.
C．The fear for some places. D．The science behind horror.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。that指代上文提到的事情，根据第四段中“researched on the science behind how
horror movies are in many ways ideal as a specific vehicle for meeting this need to be scared(研究了恐怖电影恐
怖电影是满足恐惧需求的理想载体背后的科学原理)”可知，That 指代上文内容“this need to be scared(对害
怕这一情绪的需求)”，故选B项。
四、阅读理解之猜测词义---猜测句子意思
1.（2024·黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学高二上学期11月期中）
It was a sunny afternoon in June of 2022 when 20-year-old Anthony Perry stepped off the train at Chicago’s
69th Street station. On the platform, two men were fighting bitterly. Then the unthinkable happened: the pair fell
over the edge and onto the tracks. One man ended up on his back. Suddenly, he started convulsing ( 抽搐)
unnaturally. He had fallen on the third rail, the conduit (导线管) for the 600 volts of electricity that powers
Chicago’s L trains. The aggressor leaped backward, bounded back up onto the platform and disappeared.
Perry couldn’t just stand there and watch. He sat at the edge of the platform and eased himself down. He took
a few quick bounds and approached the victim. The guy looked dead, his body still moving violently as the
electricity pulsed (搏动). Gathering up his courage, Perry reached down and grasped the victim’s wrist. Instantly,
he felt a blast of electric shock shoot through his body. Perry shrank and jumped back. He reached down a second
time, and was shocked again. But the third time he seized the man’s wrist and forearm and, braving the shock,
pulled with all his strength. The guy’s body slid briefly along the third rail, coming to rest on the gravel on the outer
edge of the tracks.
The man was breathing, but irregularly. Something wasn’t right. “Give him chest compressions (按压)!”
yelled a woman. Perry was no expert, but for a few moments he worked on the man’s heart until the victim began
convulsing. Then he heard a sudden noise behind him — medical workers and firefighters had arrived. Perry let the
professionals take over. His heart still racing from the electric shocks, he climbed back up onto the platform,grabbed his things and headed home.
The evening news reported the incident. After a friend outed him to the media, Perry became the toast of
Chicago. Perry was then recruited by the Chicago Fire Department and is now training to be an emergency medical
technician.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Perry landed a job in the Fire Department.
B．The city of Chicago awarded Perry a prize.
C．People in Chicago toasted Perry for his brave deeds.
D．Perry got popular and greatly admired in Chicago.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据前面三段讲述的Anthony Perry在火车站英勇救助跌落在铁轨上的受害者，以及
划线词的上文“The evening news reported the incident. After a friend outed him to the media (晚间新闻报道了
这一事件。在一个朋友向媒体透露他之后)”可推知，观众在知道是Anthony Perry做出这样英勇无私的举动
后，应该会非常敬佩这位英雄。由此推知，划线句意思应该是Perry成了芝加哥受欢迎和尊敬的人。故选
D项。
2. （2024·辽宁省大连市滨城高中联盟高三上学期期中（Ⅱ））
Peterson has painted 41 of these portraits himself. But there’s more to the finished products than the money
they bring to someone down-and-out. He’s discovered that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in
the painting, finding similarities and often friendship with someone they might have otherwise overlooked or
stereotyped (刻板印象).
What does the underline sentence mean in the last but one paragraph?
A．Peterson still has more portraits to finish.
B．The portraits may bring more to the buyers.
C．The portraits should be sold at a higher price.
D．The buyers tend to donate more money than the portraits’ price.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线句的句意“But there’s more to the finished products than the money they bring
to someone down-and-out.(但是成品不仅仅是给那些穷困潦倒的人带来的钱)”和其后边句子“He’s discovered
that the buyers tend to connect to the story of the person in the painting, finding similarities and often friendship
with someone they might have otherwise overlooked or stereotyped (刻板印象).(他发现，买家倾向于与画中人物的故事联系起来，找到他们可能忽略或刻板印象中的人物的相似之处并和他们建立友谊)”得知，画的价
值不仅在于会给穷困潦倒的画的主人公带来一些财富，购买画的人往往会与画中的人物故事产生共鸣，甚
至与其成为朋友。这些画改变了买画人对待无家可归人们的态度，肖像画或许会给买画人带来除了画以外
更多的东西。故选B。
3. （2024·河北省张家口市张垣联盟高三上学期12月阶段测试）
Growing up, I was virtually never big on novels. My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter
book, while my copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books
related to my disciplines for better grades. After I started graduate school, extracurricular reading didn’t appeal to
me at all but I spent most of my time on campus digesting research papers and textbooks and my mind couldn’t
handle processing fact-filled nonfiction books at home, too. So I knew that I needed to find a way to enjoy reading
again.
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．The author was always a big fan of reading novels.
B．The author lacked enthusiasm for novels from childhood.
C．The author never read any books when the author was young.
D．The author was occupied in the research papers during school.
【答案】B
【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“My classmates would be crazy about the latest Harry Potter book, while my
copy sat collecting dust on a shelf. Instead, I would choose to read through the reference books related to my
disciplines for better grades.(我的同学们会为最新的《哈利波特》而疯狂，而我的那本却在书架上积满了灰
尘。相反，我会选择阅读与我的学科相关的参考书，以获得更好的成绩)”可知，作者儿时对阅读小说不感
兴趣，故划线句意思是“作者从小就对小说缺乏热情”。故选B。
4. （2024·重庆市梁平区高三上学期第二次调研）
According to statistics from the Indonesia n government. Chinese companies’ direct investment in the country
reached $8.23 billion in 2022, a year-on-year jump of 160 percent, reaching a record high and ranking as the
second-largest source of foreign investment in Indonesia US investment bank Goldman Sachs also forecasted in a
report that Indonesia will become the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2050 To turn such rosy prospects into
reality. Chinese companies are scrambling to better localize their products, management teams and marketing
strategies.
Which of the following can replace the underlined sentence?A．To obey Indonesian regulations and policies.
B．To better understand the local culture and customs.
C．To compete with other foreign companies operated in Indonesia.
D．To increase their market share and appeal to Indonesian consumers.
【答案】D
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段第二、三句话“Chinese companies’ direct investment in the country reached
$8.23 billion in 2022, a year-on-year jump of 160 percent, reaching a record high and ranking as the second-largest
source of foreign investment in Indonesia US investment bank Goldman Sachs also forecasted in a report that
Indonesia will become the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2050 To turn such rosy prospects into reality.(2022年，
中国企业对印尼的直接投资达到82.3亿美元，同比增长160%，创历史新高，成为印尼第二大外国投资来
源。美国投资银行高盛也在一份报告中预测，到2050年，印尼将成为世界第四大经济体)”可知，中国企业
对印尼的投资已经成为第二大外国投资来源。而且印尼即将成为世界第四大经济体，所以中国企业正争先
恐后地将产品、管理团队和营销策略更好地本地化，以及吸引当地的消费者。所以划线的句子可用“提高
其市场份额并吸引印尼消费者”来代替。故选D。
5. （2024·江苏省南京市东山高级中学三校联考高三上学期期中调研）
Witness this headline from the New York Times: “The Godfather of A．I. Warns of Danger Ahead.” Here’s
another one, from the New York Post: “Ex-Google Exec Mo Gawdat Warns AI Could Create ‘Killing Machines.’”
But don’t worry! Here’s more, from CNBC: “An Annual Meeting Attended by the World’s Elite (精英) Has A．I.
Top of the Agenda.” These unaccountable, largely unelected rich people are apparently ready to solve the problems
of this mad world. The assumption, it appears, is that this “honored” group has it all under control, which is funny
given that the crazed AI cat is already miles out of its torn bag. I’ll say it again: What planet am I on?
The underlined sentence in paragraph 2 implies that __________.
A．we should dismiss AI warnings from experts
B．AI technology has made significant advancements
C．negative impacts of AI have become uncontrollable
D．the world is amazed by the rapid development of AI
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段中“These unaccountable, largely unelected rich people are apparently ready
to solve the problems of this mad world. The assumption, it appears, is that this “honored” group has it all under
control, which is funny given that the crazed AI cat is already miles out of its torn bag.”（这些不负责任的、大部分未经选举的富人显然已经准备好解决这个疯狂世界的问题。看起来，这个“光荣”的团体似乎已经控制
住了一切，这很有趣，因为疯狂的人工智能猫已经从撕破的袋子里跑出来了。）由此可知，第2段中划线
的句子暗示人工智能的负面影响已经变得无法控制。故选C项。
五、高考真题
1.[2023·全国甲卷]
B
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six,Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with ￡5 in pocket money.
She says:“I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with painting the rooms and putting down the flooring
throughout the house. It took weeks and was backbreaking work,but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from
losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds:“I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures. So,it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over the coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around ￡823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two
fifth wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
( )24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in Paragraph 1?
A.An artist.
B.A winner.
C.A specialist.
D.A pioneer.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了Terri Bolton是怎样成为DIY高手的以及她是怎样从中受益
的。文章最后还说明了目前女性在DIY中占主导地位。
24.C 词义猜测题。根据文章第一段中的“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, shenever pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.”可知,Terri Bolton擅长搭架子和拼接家具,她从不付钱让
别人做她自己能做的工作。所以她在自己动手做东西的方面是专家。故选C。
2.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
【答案】4．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童
读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
4．词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting withmy 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新
时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春
节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选
B。
3.C【2022·新高考I卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care
homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
8. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce
loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老
年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
9. B推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their
children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities,
and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居
民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通
过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
10. C词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the
first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”
含义相近。故选C。
11. A推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,
director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect
our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很
高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的
反响很好。故选A。
4.C【2022·全国高考乙卷】
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes inthe sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设
施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. B 11. D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能
帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
8. A 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.
They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as
the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做
同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用
无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
9. C词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a
year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间
派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs
and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词
和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
10. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the
future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously(工程师们现在
正在研究一个新概念:未来的铁路无人机。它们将在列车前方的轨道上运行，并被设定为自动运行)”可知铁
路无人机有望让火车自动运行。故选B。
11. D主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the
very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of
rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁
路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未
来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机
检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护
铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章
主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思
想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
5.2022年1月浙江卷之A篇
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job wasborn of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day,
while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in
Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away. It didn't take long for Merebeth to
decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet
with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed
a life of sailing and off-road biking.
,
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes,
she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says, "When
I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I
mush help animals. *'
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to _________?
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3. What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专
家。
【1题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had
worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房
地产公司做了10年的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。 公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可
知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
【2题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington
and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs
there. She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的
州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，
划线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。故选D。
【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always
been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己
的世界里。 我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都
是靠自己。故选C。
6.2021年全国甲卷之C篇
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I'vetraveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years
ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的
地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己
的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
【8题】推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my
beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这
个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙
滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
【9题】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是
真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他
的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【10题】推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began tonod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：
“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
【11题】推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识
了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就
不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，
终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
7.2021年6月浙江卷
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half hours a
day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors will
be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自
己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
【4题】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a
screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏
幕——盯着它看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
【5题】细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marked to young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，
David Bond通过拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
【6题】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the
World Network (世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，
与“records”意思一致。故选A项。
【7题】主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a
brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the
World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅
行记录下来，开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World
Network (世界网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可
推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一
个品牌，推销给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。
故选C项。
8.2020年山东卷之C篇
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a
strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his
colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society.
In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police
methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange
drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles
from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded
picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his
delicate stomach. As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage.
Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
8. What made Mr Bissell return to Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitation. B. His interest in the country.
C. His love for teaching. D. His desire to regain health.
9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A Developing a serious mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
10. Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's road trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Romantic. B. Eventful. C. Pleasant. D. Dangerous.
11. What is the purpose of this text?
A. To introduce a book. B. To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C. To remember a writer. D. To recommend a travel destination.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是
Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8.细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted to the country. he returned to Uzbekistan towrite an article about the disappearance of the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到
乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让 Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别
克斯坦。故选B。
9.词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，
根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于
咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10.推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth,
but also its darker side of society. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to
Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain
funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms,
diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友
善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，
他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一
个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在
旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11.推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他
的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本
文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
9.2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly
ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist fromDes Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住
房的急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能
狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-
increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建
住房，极大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题】词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources
wisely.”可知，北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与
上一句形成了转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即
移民者破坏了这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；
D. Distribute分配。故选C。【30题】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund
to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购
买了超过500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭
票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护
了水禽，故可知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
10.2021年全国乙卷之B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是
非必需品的观点。
【24题】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia
over the age of 15 who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket.
Practically everyone can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没
有手机的人。事实上，很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可
推知，本段主要说明手机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【25题】词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然
有固定电话的澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's
not really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further
13 percent keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人
表示他们从未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并
不是必须拥有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了
固定电话的非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【26题】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home
number for 50 years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That
said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实
说，唯一打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【27题】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until theygo the way of gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤
气路灯和早晨送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰
的例子，侧面说明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
11.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to
communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more
than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【答案】44．D45．B46．A47．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩
用来交流的手势含义。
44．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication
where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，
他们故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故
选D。
45．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of
Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human
language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨
博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点
令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
46．词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that
respect.（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言
的交流方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals
convey with non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的
信息）”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the
gulf remains.（所以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
47．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wildchimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含
义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：
黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
12.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之B篇
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’s
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save
Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24. Why does the author like rereading?
A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.
C. It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
25. What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A. It’s a brief account of a trip.
B. It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
C. It’s a record of a historic event.
D. It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂ in paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Debt
B. Reward.
.
C Allowance.
D. Face value.
27. What can we infer about the author from the text?
A. He loves poetry.
B. He’s an editor.
C. He’s very ambitious.
D. He teaches reading.
【答案】24. D 25. B 26. B 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。
作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24.推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act
of rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之
处)”和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is
true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现
在的心理状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可
以扩展对自己的理解。故选D项。
25.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging
writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于1964年，这是他关于20世纪20年
代在巴黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出A Movable
Feast是关于海明威年轻时的生活。故选B项。
26.词义猜测题。根据最后一段中“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,(虽然金钱确实是美妙
而必要的)”可知，前后句为转折关系，根据上下文的语境可推知，“rereading an author’s work is the highest
currency a reader can pay them.”意为“但是但重新阅读作品是读者能支付给他们的最高回报”，由此判断
出划线词的意思是“回报”。故选B项。
27.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems,
because poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜
欢诗歌而喜欢这本书。故选A项。13.2020年新课标Ⅱ卷之C篇
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that
they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in
New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria
fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to show it
is eco-friendly.
28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
A. To promote guilt-free fur.
B. To expand the fashion market.
C. To introduce a new brand.
D. To celebrate a winter holiday.
29. Why are scientists concerned about nutria?
A. Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.
B. Nutria are an endangered species.C. Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.
D. Nutria are illegally hunted.
30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A. Boomed. B. Became mature. C. Remained stable. D. Crashed.
31. What can we infer abouf wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A. It’s formal. B. It’s risky. C. It’s harmful. D. It’s traditional.
【答案】28. A 29. A 30. D 31. B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的
皮衣。海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏
生态平衡表示了担忧。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria
fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the
nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.得知，美国新
奥尔良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀，时装秀上展出海狸鼠皮制成的不同风格的衣服，项目总监
Cree McCree说：“除非了解海狸鼠正每年破坏大片湿地，否则谈论无罪感皮衣是很疯狂的事情”，可以
判断出由于海狸鼠对生态造成了巨大的破坏，这场海狸鼠皮衣时装秀销售的是无罪恶感皮衣。故选A。
29.推理判断题。根据第三段Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a
tail.得知，科学家们如此担心以至于他们决定按照一条海狸鼠尾巴付给猎人们5美元，可以推断出科学家们
担忧海狸鼠们严重破坏生态平衡，。故选A。
30.词义猜测题。根据第五段The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the market for nutria
collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. 得知，毛皮贸易使海狸鼠受到了几十年
的控制，但是当海狸鼠市场在20世纪80年代末崩溃时，这种猫大小的动物数量疯长，根据but判断，这
是转折关系，以前由于皮毛交易，海狸鼠处于控制，现在这种海狸鼠之所以能够数量激增，是由于市场不
再销售海狸鼠皮毛导致的，可以推断出划线词collapsed 是和D.crashed倒闭的意思最相近。故选D。
31.推理判断题。根据第二段Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can
wear without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得
知，为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，
根据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选B。
14.2020年山东卷之D篇
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits ofour eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
,
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
【解析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄
入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both
the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究
杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关
于饮食行为的。故选D。
13.词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with
heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭
菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断
出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people
正好相反。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers
conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据
倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比
平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看
看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit
because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and
keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的
结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我
们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。
15.2020年6月浙江卷之B篇
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
25. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Increased length of green lights. B. Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C. Flexible timing of traffic signals. D. Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26. What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A. They work better on broad roads.
B. They should be used in other cities.
C. They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D. They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27. What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A. It is rewarding to try new things. B. The old methods still work today.
C. I pays to put theory into practice. D. The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】25. C 26. D 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的Bellevue采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应性
信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
25.指代猜测题。That位于第二段句首，应是指代第一段的内容。根据第一段内容尤其是第一段最后一
句“Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.(就像交通本身一样，信号灯的时间也会变化)”
可知，第一段主要讲述的是信号灯的时间会灵活变化；“That is by design.”意为“那是有意为之”，由此
可推知，That指代第一段中“信号灯的灵活时间”。故选C项。
26.推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways(但自适应
信号并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in thenumber of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的
车辆才能起有意义的作用) ”可推知，Kevin Balke认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮
助。故选D项。
27.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant
declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大
大减少了通勤的麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in
the value of welcoming new approaches.(在Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面
的榜样)”可推知，从Bellevue的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选A项。
