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专题 04 阅读理解之猜测词义题
目录
01 考情透视· 目标导航........................................................................................ 2
02 知识导图· 思维引航........................................................................................ 3
03 考点突破· 考向探究........................................................................................ 4
考点一 考查猜测单词题................................................................................... 4
【真题研析】......................................................................................................................... 4
【核心精讲】......................................................................................................................... 5
【命题预测】......................................................................................................................... 5
考点二 考查猜测短语的含义题.......................................................................... 6
【真题研析】......................................................................................................................... 6
【核心精讲】......................................................................................................................... 8
【命题预测】......................................................................................................................... 8
考点三 考查猜测句子的含义题............................................................................................. 9
【真题研析】......................................................................................................................... 9
【核心精讲】...................................................................................................................... 10
【命题预测】....................................................................................................................... 10
考点四 考查猜测代词的含义题........................................................................ 11
【真题研析】...................................................................................................................... 11
【核心精讲】...................................................................................................................... 12
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司阅读理解之猜测词义
考 目标 年
卷别 考题统计 考情分
析 点 要求 份
新高考 I 28
卷
2 分 国 析 卷 近 考 三 查 年新高考卷及全
0
2
词 新高考 II 卷
义 32
猜
词
的
题
目
可
知
，
对
短
语
的
考
查
与
对
生
词
的
考
查
都
有
所
涉
及
，
短
4
语
已经不再限制于由课标词组成的
全国甲卷 26
短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是
浙江卷 1 月 24
直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章
中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑
根据 新高考 I 卷 29
关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背
文章 20 景、构词法等来猜测其含义。猜测
中的
新高考 II 卷 30
2
猜 线索 词义题：要求考生能够对文章中的
3
测 推测 某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或
全国甲卷 24
词 未知
句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，
义 词义
或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含
的能 全国乙卷 34
义。
力
命题分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、
合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运
浙江卷 1 月 24、29
用语言的能力的考查；这对考生的
新高考 I 卷 30
语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。
2
新高考 II 卷 24、30 考查形式：常见题目类型包括代词
0
2
指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意
全国甲卷
28 2
猜测题。
全国乙卷 29
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考查猜测单词意思
1.（2025•浙江新高考卷·阅读理解 C 篇节选）
A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix
planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the
designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more
like nature does.
28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from.
C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of.
2.（2023•新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解 C 篇节选）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
( )29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
3.(2023 年 1 月•浙江卷·阅读理解 C 篇节选)原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
现在高考阅读理解题中的猜测词义题考查派生和合成词形式的较少，主要是需要利用上下文的已知部
分进行推理；有的还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义；还有的可以根据定义、解释和举例猜测词义。
如何猜测单词的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7?
②What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
③ The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________?
④What do the underlined words “......” probably mean?
（2）解题技巧：
①“上下文语境”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词
含义。
②“背景常识”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。
③“逻辑关系”猜词义：利用 3 种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
1.（2025·贵州省毕节市高三一模）Turning used cooking oil into pleasant smelling soap might sound like magic.
But that’s what Janetti Francischi has been doing since 2020. Dispensing the soap in her community, Francischi has
not only made residents in her neighbourhood use the valuable products but also contributed to the environment by
repurposing a common waste item.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司What does the word “dispensing” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Giving out. B．Taking in. C．Putting away. D．Using up.
2.（2025·河北省沧州市名校联考高三期末）
Trying to solve littering by asking the public to stop is not working. Tethered bottle caps are a refreshing idea
that puts the onus on those pumping out millions of litter-able items in the first place. This means that the duty to
reduce litter falls on the companies that produce these items, rather than just on individuals to clean up after them.
What does the underlined word “onus” in the last paragraph probably mean?
A．Stress. B．Responsibility. C．Punishment. D．Initiative.
3.（2025·广东省佛山市三校高三第一次模拟）
According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today’s familiar climates
will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching
consequences for the sake of the whole world. The planet earth itself has been showing signs of change, which
concerns the scientific community deeply. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed
thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in
2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.
What does the underlined word “devastated” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．shocked. B．destroyed. C．frightened. D．impacted.
考点二 考查猜测短语的含义题
1.（2024 新课标 I 卷第 28 题）
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on
paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading
particularly s hine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea
in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
2.（2024 新课标 II 卷第 32 题）
In the wrong hands , such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for
a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as
AI.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated.
B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent.
D. If translated by someone unacademic.
3.（2023•新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解 C）
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds
of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to .
( )30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand.
B. Paint.
C. Seize.
D. Transform.
4.（2023 年 1 月•浙江卷·阅读理解 B）
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve
learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学科网（北京）股份有限公司中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
如何猜测短语的含义
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2?
②Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2?
③What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3?
④What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph?
（2）解题技巧：
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所
出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
1.（2025·山西省吕梁市高三期末）节选
Researchers from the University of Essex and Anglia Ruskin University in the UK enlisted the help of38
volunteers aged between 23 and 40 divided between a control group and an exercise group, who did three 20 to 30 -
minute runs per week over the course of a couple of months. As expected, those who undertook the running routine
lost weight. Yet the amount of loss varied significantly in ways that couldn’t be a ttributed to differences in training
alone. Through DNA testing, the researchers looked for gene variants (变体) that were more common in those that
shed a greater amount of weight.
What does the underlined phrase “attributed to” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Amounted to. B．Added to. C．Explained by. D．Indicated by.
2.（2025·山西省吕梁市高三期末）节选
But not long ago, a new milestone appeared in the long battle with desertification. On Nov. 28th, the last
desert rose was planted into the sandy soil, completing the final stretch of the 3,046-km-long sand-blocking green
belt surrounding the Taklimakan Desert. Therefore, China’ s largest and the world’s second-largest shifting sand
desert now wears a “green scarf.”
What does the underlined phrase “a new milestone” refer to in Paragraph 2?
A．The last desert rose. B．The sand-blocking green belt.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司C．The economic barrier. D．The shifting sand desert.
3.（2025·山东省部分学校高三毕业班质量检测）节选
“We receive a lot of emails, but this particular one really struck a chord with us, making us really think of
how we can have a commitment to empower all children,” said Gray Richmond, Managing Director at Maped
Helix. “This product will make a huge difference to the lives of children with vision conditions, allowing them to
have independence in the classroom and giving them access to the same opportunities as their sighted classmates,”
said Nicola Cornwell, Head of Business Services at RNIB．
27．What do the underlined words “struck a chord with” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Touched. B．Satisfied. C．Comforted. D．Entertained.
考点三 考查猜测句子的含义题
考查猜测句子的含义
（2019•浙江卷·阅读理解 C 篇）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union
Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with
pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash
to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave
and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a
bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills
on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video
clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,”
Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent
in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said
a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was
to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a
helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，
要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字
面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
如何猜测句子的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means __________.
②By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______.
③What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
④What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
（2）解题技巧
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，
要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字
面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司1.（2025·山东省潍坊市高三期末）
She took a master’s and then a doctor’s degree in medieval (中世纪的) Irish poetry, but then she pivoted
completely. “After spending years in academia, I missed animals and that connection that I had with them since
childhood. I suppose I had confidence to just follow my heart, not to be afraid to take risks and try new things.” she
said. She is based now in the Wicklow wilds of the Glenmalure Valley.
What do the underlined words “she pivoted completely” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．She stayed in academia. B．She kept loving animals.
C．She changed her career path. D．She turned to ancient poetry.
2.（2025·河北省廊坊市高三期末）
That’s partly because of irregular reproduction (繁殖) schedules. As part of a species’ survival strategy, the
abundance of the seeds varies by year. Seeds are energy-intensive for trees to produce, and after several low-seed
years there may be a sudden oversupply. As a result, a good seed crop happens only once every three to seven
years, depending on the plant species. So 2020 was a good Douglas fir (黄杉) year; noble fir (冷杉) was big in
2016. Therefore, timing is everything. It’s often difficult to find the right seed for a specific landscape — whether
it’s the type, quantity, or quality. And it’s even harder when there’s a need to move quickly, such as after a natural
disaster.
What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Starting earlier to get more seeds. B．Quick collection at the right time.
C．Collecting some seeds every year. D．Taking action as quickly as possible.
考点四 考查猜测代词的含义题
（2020•新高考Ⅰ卷阅读 C•节选）
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months,
physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to
Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that ．Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among
the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where
millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to
a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up
his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟
悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有 it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those
等。一般来讲，it/this/that 指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those 可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
如何猜测代词的意思
代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟
悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有 it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those
等。一般来讲，it/this/that 指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those 可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
（1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式
①What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph?
②What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to?
③What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean?
（2）解题方法：原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司1.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三期末）
I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change. But news organizations around the world
focused on it. The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, “This is what climate change looks
like” — with “climate change” highlighted in yellow. Other news agencies even adopted more dramatic headlines.
What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The story. B．The photo. C．The starving bear. D．Climate change.
2.（2025·广东省建文教育集团高三第一次模拟）
With the burgeoning popularity of the photo-sharing platform Instagram, it is not uncommon for parents to
cultivate a misplaced sense of security. Unlike Facebook or Twitter, which encompass a more extensive array of
content, Instagram is predominantly dedicated to the posting of images. Coupled with the age requirement of 13
and its privacy settings, it appears to be an almost innocuous site for children. How much mischief could they
conceivably cause? However, this is not the actuality.
What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to？
A．Instagram accounts. B．Social media.
C．Pictures. D．Children.
3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团高三第一次模拟）
CellOT is a groundbreaking approach that identifies the distinct reactions individual cells within a larger
population can have to a drug. The average response of a cell population often does not capture the full complexity
of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs. CellOT addresses this by predicting the effects of原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司perturbations (扰动) on cells, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to ________.
A．the resistance from a group of cancer cells to drugs
B．the average reaction of a cell population to drugs
C．various responses of a cell population to drugs
D．the survival of a population of cancer cells to drugs
4.（2025·福建省莆田市高三期末）
In addition to its unpredictable nature, Chinese chess also encompasses many principles of warfare and
philosophical thoughts. For example, “to catch the bandits, first catch the king,” “a proud army is bound to fail,”
and “fighting with one’s back to the river.” These can have a positive impact on our studies and lives. Zhu Baojin,
president of the Chinese Chess Association, says, “Playing chess is like waging war; victory is achieved through
wit and courage. Chinese chess is like an art form with aesthetic appeal.”
What does “These” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．Chinese ChessB．Philosophy C．Artwork D．Learning and Living原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
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学学学 科科科 网网网 (（（（ 北北北北 京京京京 )股））） 份股股股 有份份份 限有有有 公限限限 司公公公 司司司
