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专题 04 动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语
目录
01考情透视·目标导航..........................................................................................................................................................2
02知识导图·思维引航..........................................................................................................................................................3
03考点突破·考向探究..........................................................................................................................................................5
考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）................................................................................................................5
【真题研析】................................................................................................................................................................................................................5
考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义..............................................................................................................................6
【真题研析】................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
考点三 考查动词的熟词生义........................................................................................................................................................................................6
【真题研析】................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
【核心精讲】................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
【命题预测】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................11
考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法............................................................................................................................................................................12
【真题研析】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................12
【核心精讲】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................12
【命题预测】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................13
考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法........................................................................................................................................................................13
【真题研析】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................13
【核心精讲】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................13
【命题预测】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................21
考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法........................................................................................................................................................................22
【真题研析】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................22
【核心精讲】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................22
【命题预测】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................23
考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配........................................................................................................................................................................24
【真题研析】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................24
【核心精讲】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................24
【命题预测】..............................................................................................................................................................................................................25
04 重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用....................................................................................................25动词、动词短语和介词、介词短语
考点 目标要求 考题统计及展示 考情分析
（2024·新高考I卷）
41.won43.training 44.hated
在语境中考查 熟练掌握①动词的基本词
动词词义（关 义；②通过语境选择恰当 59.close→closed
注得体性） 的动词 （2024·新高考II卷）21.settle
22.struggle 23.string 24.praise
从近三年高考试
（2024·新高考I卷）55.set goals for
题来看，试题以语法
在语境中考查 熟练掌握①动词短语的含
（2024·新高考II卷）42.come up 填空形式考查介词及
动词短语的含 义；②通过语境选择恰当
with 介词短语，
义 的动词短语
以完形填空、阅
读理解的形式考查学
(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A)
生对有关动词及动词
sensitive adj. 易受影响的；需保护的
短语含义辨析、动词
考查动词的熟 通过语境推断熟词生义的 (2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) 的一词多义、熟词生
词生意 准确含义 practice n. 惯常做法 义等，理解词义重在
理解语境。
(2024新课标II卷阅读D
篇)addressing v.处理；应对 预计在 2025 年高
考中，介词及介词短
（2024·新高考I卷）63.as
语将会出现在语法填
考查介词基本 介词的通用基本含义和用 （2024·全国甲卷）47.for 空中，介词及短语的
含义和用法 法是考试的重点 （2023•1月新高考浙江卷）as 常考点。
动词及动词短语
（2022•全国高考乙卷)by
含义辨析将出现在完
形填空和阅读理解
考查特殊介词 熟练掌握常考特殊介词的
(2021年浙江卷1月)by 中。动词及动词短语
的含义和用法 含义及用法
在完形填空和阅读理
解中是必考点。
(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) 39.to
考查介词短语 根据句子结构和语境正确
（2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）by
的含义和用法 判断并使用介词短语
（2022年6月•浙江卷)at
（2023•新高考Ⅱ卷）speak...with...
考查介词与其 主要考查动词+介词的动
（2022•新高考I卷) serve as...
他词类的搭配 词短语
（2021年7月•浙江卷）buy ...for...考点一 在语境中考查动词词义（关注得体性）
1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I
liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21 , Italy was the clear winner.
During my first visit to Italy, I 22 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried
to 23 a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24 my language skills. That
encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier.
21．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle
22．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened
23．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match
24．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised
2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life.
When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started
running regularly, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a
“super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be
honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I
decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!
41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit
43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training
44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved
根据语境判断选择正确的动词
(1)从句子或语境的整体入手，选择恰当的动词;
(2)熟悉四个动词的使用具体情景。考点二 在语境中考查动词短语的含义
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷) I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for
myself, they just have to be my own.
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
本题本质上不是考的名词辨析而是通过动词短语及语境来确定正确选项。此处是：set goals for
myself意为：给自己设定目标。这样很快就找到了答案。
2.(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one
generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can
____32____. These meals are always accompanied by laughter and joy.
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
考点三 考查动词的熟词生意
推断划线部分动词的意思
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in
restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.
【答案】
2.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that
he improved after two or three treatments.
【答案】
3.(2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).【答案】
1．动词与其他词类的相互转换：变动词的前缀和后缀
（1）前缀en-
able→enable使能够large→enlarge 扩大rich→enrich 使充实；使丰富danger→endanger 危及
courage→encourage鼓励
（2）后缀-en
【高频再现】broad→broaden 使变宽 ripe→ripen 使成熟 sharp→sharpen 使尖锐 wide→widen 加宽
short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬soft→soften使缓和；使变柔
软damp→dampen抑制；使潮湿fright→frighten使害怕threat→threaten威胁
（3）后缀-ify
class→classify 把……分类 just→justify 证明……正确 simple→simplify 简化 beauty→beautify 美化
identity→identify识别quality→qualify使具有资格。
（4）后缀-ize
【易错提醒】apology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识
到；实现modern→modernize使现代化。
2．常考的动词熟词生意
1. visibility【熟义】n.能见度【生义】n.关注度；知名度
(2024新课标II卷语法填空) Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility .
2. greens【熟义】adj.绿色的【生义】n.绿叶菜
(2024 新课标卷 II 阅读 C 篇) The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens .
3. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic
principles of photography in the wild.
4. leaf 熟义：叶，叶子；纸页，书页 【生义】翻页
(2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf through with my fingers
5. original【熟义】adj.最初的 【生义】adj.原创的(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) Some are classic short stories, and some are new original works.
6. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters
move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that
require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
7. piece【熟义】n.碎片【生义】n.文章，报道
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories,
they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces .
8. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology
companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.
9. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the
computer code (代码) that powers AI ...
10. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望；有……的可能
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be
an informative tour.
11. print【熟义】n.印刷 【生义】n.印刷品；出版物
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters
move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that
require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
12. property【熟义】n.资产【生义】n.性质，特性
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to
paper’s physical properties .
13. role【熟义】n.角色 【生义】n.作用
(2024 新课标 I 卷阅读 C 篇) Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles , especially when
providing resources not available in print.
14. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶
(2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolle d into the bus station.
15. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university
teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say , assigning an online talk instead of an article by the
same person.16. sensitive 熟义：敏感的 【生义】易受影响的；需保护的
(2024新课标I卷阅读A篇) …play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered
species.
17. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开；不做
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush
hour.
18. side【熟义】n.一边【生义】n.一面；方面
(2024新课标II卷七选五) You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of
a popular place.
19. sleep 熟义：睡眠 生义：死，长眠
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared to put him to sleep .
20. slower【熟义】adj.缓慢的【生义】adj.冷清的
(2024新课标II卷七选五)You’ll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a
popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower .
21. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理；应对
(2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap
addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
22. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求；呼吁
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to
submit stories for a contest.
23. chief熟义：最重要的；首要的；主要的【生义】首席的
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) …says Alicia Trost, the chief communications officer for the San Francisco
Bay Area Rapid Transit
24. closely【熟义】adv.紧密地，密切地【生义】adv.仔细地
(2024全国甲卷完形填空)She would sit quietly at the far end of the long dinner table, listening closely .
25. condition【熟义】n.状况 【生义】n. 疾病
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇) Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition .
26. cover【熟义】v.覆盖 【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及，处理③v.走完(一段路程)
①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of
Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.
②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written
word when covering the same material?
③(2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 C 篇) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel andcovered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.
27. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.
28. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加
(2024新课标I卷完形填空) I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I
flew to San Diego to visit my sister.
29. favor【熟义】n.帮助；恩惠【生义】v.偏袒，特别照顾
(2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my
grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
30. favorite【熟义】adj.最喜爱的【生义】n.最喜欢的东西
(2024新课标I卷语法填空) These plants included modern Western favorites such as rosemary, lavender
and fennel.
31. solid【熟义】adj.固体的【生义】adj.可靠的
(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon
Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
32. tell【熟义】v.告诉；告知【生义】v.辨别，识别
(2024 全国甲卷阅读 B 篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were
around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
33. throw【熟义】v.投；掷；抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯
(2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Throwing
34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变
(2024 新课标 II 卷阅读 D 篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional
experience translating the heady into the understandable.
35. geography【熟义】n.地理【生义】n.布局
(2024 新课标 I 卷阅读 C 篇) With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual
geography of distinct pages.
3．常考的完形填空动词词汇
arrange v.安排interrupt v.打断；打扰；中断；阻碍matter v.关系；要紧judge判断； know知道；熟悉，
了解cause引起； observe观察； ride骑；漂浮； strike打击reason推理； talk谈话； compete竞争；
train培训help帮助； understand理解defeat打败； please使高兴； respect尊敬； assist帮助force
强迫； transform 转换；改造；彻底改变； persuade 劝说；put 放。shine 照耀；发光；fly 飞行；
dance跳舞；score得分view看待；appear出现； matter重要follow跟随； organize组织； watch观
看； lead带领；领先clarify分类； defend打败； win赢得； demand要求prove证明； happen碰巧；show展示wait等待；offer提供、主动提出； hurry匆忙； fail失败feed喂养； follow跟随；change
改变；load装载call打电话； join加入； leave离开 serve服务return返回； fight打仗； fly飞；
agree同意
1.（2025·四川省宜宾市高三上学期一诊）
Being a young adult, I was constantly struggling to find my place in the world. I had just graduated from
college and was 21 the tough reality of entering the workforce. The job market was competitive and I
often found myself afraid of the daily job hunt.
21．A．facing B．expecting C．doubting D．choosing
2.（2025·安徽省五校联）It’s 11 a. m. on a glowing Perth day and I’m walking my black Labrador by the river.
She 21 the neat grass edging the footpath. A glimpse of the bottlenose dolphins that call this river home
would 22 my day. That’s when I suddenly think of my son, Alex.
21．A．tastes B．sniffs C．touches D．barks
22．A．fill B．enrich C．have D．make
3.（2024九省联考）Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground; membership in a group plays an
important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.
【答案】
4.（2024九省联考）Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student
from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter.
【答案】
考点四 考查介词基本含义和用法
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷) The Glasshouse stands 63 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route which
brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England.
2.（2024·全国甲卷）They wondered out loud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, mustbe well preserved 47 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.
3.（2023•1月新高考浙江卷）Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to
Beijing’s long history ________ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated
with historic events.
4.（2022•全国高考乙卷)May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially
______ the United Nations on November 27th, 2019.
高考中考查介词基本用法的次数较多，解决介词基本用法要注意：
①熟悉常用介词的基本含义，总结它们的共性特点。
②准确理解句子的意思，根据句意确定使用恰当的介词。。
介词的基本含义总结
(1)in表示情况、状态，意为“处在……中”；表示手段、形式、方式，意为“以，用”；表示服饰，
意为“穿着，戴着”；表示范围、领域，意为“在……方面”。
(2)with 表示状态，意为“带有，具有”；表示手段、方法，意为“以，用”；表示关系，意为
“和……在一起”；表示伴随，意为“随着”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(3)by用于被动语态，意为“被，由”；表示方式，意为“用，靠，凭借”；表示乘用交通工具，意为
“乘坐，驾驶”。
(4)for表示方向，意为“往，向”；表示对象、用途等，意为“为，给”；表示时间、距离、数量等，
意为“计，达”；表示原因，意为“因为，由于”。
(5)through表示位置，意为“穿过”；表示时间，意为“在整个期间，自始至终”；表示手段、媒介，
意为“以，凭借”。
1.（2025·海南省海口市高三摸底）The Dragon Boat Festival commemorates the death of Qu Yuan, a Chu state
official and poet who lived during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) ______ the reunification of China
under the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC).
2.（2025·湖北省重点高中智学联盟高三联考）Then they cut a channel Mount Yulei to discharge the
excess water.3.（2025·广东省茂名市区域高三联考）Another significant tradition is the Zhuang people’s dietary habits. Their
cuisine usually uses fresh, locally-sourced ingredients, vegetables, grains and herbs.
考点五 考查特殊介词的含义和用法
1.（2021浙江卷1月）The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased ________ 2. 1
in women and men.
2.（2015·浙江）3. Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?
A. about B. to C. with D. over
在高考二轮复习中，一定要把常用特殊介词的含义重点强化一下，不留知识的死角。总结常用的特殊
介词，在例句中掌握它们的含义和用法。
特殊介词的含义
（1）with的用法
①与…（在）一起
I went on holiday with my friend. 我跟我朋友一起去度假。
②[表带有或拥有]有；带有；具有；随身带着
He is a man with a hot temper. 他是一个脾气暴躁的人。
China is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个具有历史悠久的大国。
③[表方式、手段或工具]以；用
He caught the ball with his left hand. 他用左手接球。
She wrote the letter with a pencil. 她用铅笔写那封信。
①用英语说：speak in English②用钢笔写：write in ink
③用现金/美元支付：pay in cash/dollar。
④[表材料或内容]以；用
The road is paved with stones. 这条路用石头铺砌。
⑤[表状态]在…的情况下；…地
He can read French with ease. 他能轻易地读法文。
I finished my homework though with difficulty. 虽然有困难，我还是做完了功课。
注：用于此意时，with多与某些抽象名词连用时，其作用相当于一个副词。如：
with care=carefully 认真地
with kindness=kindly 亲切地
with joy=joyfully 高兴地
with anger=angrily 生气地
with sorrow=sorrowfully 悲伤地
with delight=delightedly 高兴地
with great fluency =very fluently 很流利地
⑥ [表让步]尽管，虽然
With all his money, he is unhappy. 尽管他有钱，他并不快乐。
With all his efforts, he lost the match. 虽然尽了全力，他还是输了那场比赛。
⑦[表条件]若是；如果
With your permission, I’ll go. 你若同意，我就去。
表示条件时，根据情况可与虚拟语气连用。如：
With more money I would be able to buy it. 要是钱多一点，我就买得起了。
With better equipment, we could have finished the job even sooner. 要是设备好些，我们完成这项工作还
要快些。
⑧[表原因或理由]因为；由于(某种感情而使某人有某种表现或行为)
Gil was white and trembling with anger.吉尔气得脸色煞白，浑身发抖。
She trembled with cold.他冻得发抖。
Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.听到这个消息，他高兴得跳起来。
He was shaking with anger. 他气得浑身发抖。
Her face became red with embarrassment.她因为难为情而脸红。
Her face burned with shame.她的脸因为羞愧而发烫。
⑨[表时间]当…的时候；在…之后；随后With that remark, he left. 他说了那话就离开了。
With daylight I hurried there to see what had happened. 天一亮我就去那儿看发生了什么事。
⑩[表同时或随同]随着；跟着（…的变化而变化）
The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香烟的数量越多，患心
脏病的风险就越大。
Blood pressure decreases with exercise.血压随着锻炼而降低。
The girl seemed to be growing prettier with each day. 那女孩好像长得一天比一天漂亮。
with和as均可表示“随着”，但前者是介词，后者是连词。如：
He will improve as he grows older. 随着年龄的增长，他会进步的。
People’s ideas change with the change of the times. 时代变了，人们的观念也会变化。
[表伴随或附带情况]与…同时
⑪Michelle had fallen asleep with her head against his shoulder.米歇尔睡着了，头靠在他的肩上。
I slept with the window open. 我开着窗户睡觉。
Don’t speak with your mouth full. 不要满嘴巴食物说话。
⑫赞成；同意
I am with you there. 在那点上我同你意见一致。
[表对象或关系]对…（怀有某种感情）；关于；就…而言；对…来说
⑬He is pleased with his new house. 他对他的新房子很满意。
The teacher was very angry with him. 老师对他很生气。
It’s the same with us students. 我们学生也是这样。
[表对立或敌对]对立；反对
⑭The dog was fighting with the cat. 狗在同猫打架。
He’s always arguing with his brother. 他老是跟他弟弟争论。
⑮与（风、水流等）方向一致；顺着…（反义词：against）
sail with the wind顺风驶船
swim with the tide顺着潮流游泳
⑯伴着（声音或手势）；带着（表情）
With a sigh, she leant back and closed her eyes.她叹了口气，身体向后倚靠，闭上了眼睛。
The front door closed with a crash behind him.前门在他身后砰的一声关上了。
（2）against
①反对（反义词for）
Are you for or against the plan? 你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?There were 20 votes for him and 12 against him. 有20票赞成他，12票反对他。
②违背，违抗，违反
What you have done is against the law. 所做的事情是违法的。
Jane married Jack against her own will. 简与杰克结婚，违背了自己的意愿。
③紧靠；倚
The teacher’s desk is against the wall. 老师的办公桌靠墙放着。
He stood leaning against the tree. 他站着斜靠在墙上。
④迎着；逆着
You should fly your kite against the wind. 你应该迎着风放风筝。
We are sailing against the wind.(with the wind表示“顺风”) 我们的船正在逆风行驶。
⑤撞击，碰着
The rain was beating against the windows. 雨点拍打着窗户。
Tom hit his head against a tree in the dark.黑暗中汤姆的头撞在一棵树上。
⑥映衬；相映；对照【高频再现】
The red flag looks very bright against the blue sky. 红旗在蓝天的衬托下显得十分鲜艳。
The little red house looks so beautiful against the green woods. 那座红色的小屋在翠绿的森林衬托下显得很美。
⑦不利于
an evidence against him 一个对他不利的证据
（3）by
①到…为止；不迟于
They had finished the work by the end of last week. 到上周末他们已完成了工作。
Maybe she has come back by now. 或许到现在为止她已经回来了。
I’ll have arrived by five o’clock this afternoon. 我最迟在今天下午5点前到这里。
【注】by后接表示过去的时间状语时，多与过去完成时连用；后接now时，多与现在完成时连用；后接表
示将来的时间状语时，多与将来完成时或一般将来时连用（尤其谓语是be动词时）。
②按…计算；按…买(卖)（后接单数可数名词，名词其前要用定冠词 the；若后接抽象名词，则通常不用冠
词）。如：
They are paid by the hour (by the month). 他们所得报酬按小时(月)计。
As we all know, the luggage is charged by weight.众所周知，行李是按重量收费的。
The parking here is charged by time.这里停车按时间收费。
③乘/坐…（by+交通工具、交通方式名词。名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。
by bus 乘公共汽车；by bike 骑自行车；by train 乘火车；by plane 乘飞机；by taxi 乘出租车；by ship 坐
轮船；by air 乘飞机；by water 走水路；by land 走陆路
但是，若表示交通工具的名词前插有定语修饰语，则也可以用冠词。如：We’re going by the 9:30 train. 我们坐9:30的火车去。
We went to Shanghai by a large ship.我们乘一艘大船去上海。
④凭；靠（后接动名词表示行为的方式或手段）
He makes a living by teaching.他以教书为生。
Lock this door by turning the key twice to the left.锁这扇门要把钥匙向左转两圈。
⑤表示被抓住身体/衣物的某一部分（by+身体部位名词或衣服名词）
Suddenly she caught him by the ear. 突然间她抓住了他的耳朵。
The policeman took the thief by the hand. 警察抓住了小偷的手。
⑥表升降、增减的程度（by+数量词）
The number of the students has increased by one-third.学生数量增加了三分之一。
She’s taller than her younger brother by two inches.她比她小弟高两英寸。
⑦在…旁边
Come and sit by me.过来坐在我的旁边。
⑧从看；依；按照
By the way, what time is it by your watch?顺便问一下，你的表几点了?
（4）through
①从…中通过；贯穿，穿过（强调从物体内部透过）
The journey through the jungle was perilous.穿过丛林的旅行充满了危险。
The sunshine comes in through the window. 阳光透过窗户照进来。
②通过，凭借（方法手段）
You can only achieve success through hard work.你得孜孜不倦方能成功。
③由于，因为
The thought of someone suffering through a mistake of mine makes me shiver. 想到有人因为我犯的错误而吃苦
头，我就不寒而栗。
④自始至终；从头到尾/底
We'll be in New York Monday through Friday.我们从周一至周五将一直待在纽约。
They will continue construction through the winter months.他们整个冬季将继续施工。
We worked through the night. 我们通宵的工作。
⑤经受；经历
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
（5）for
①因为；由于
Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。He is famous for his poems. 他因为他的诗出名。
For several reasons, I’d rather not meet her. 由于种种原因，我宁愿不见她。
②（表示目的地或方向）向；前往
They’ll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他们动身去北京。
Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗？
③支持；赞成（反义词：against）
Are you for or against the plan？你是支持还是反对这个计划？
I’m all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。
④就…而言；相对…来说（表示相对来说不寻常）
He’s done well for a beginner. 作为新手，他干得很好。
He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言，他的身体算重的了。
The day is cool for July. 在7月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。
⑤对于；至于；关于
For her, books were as necessary to life as bread.对她来说，书就像面包一样，是生活必需品。
It would be excellent experience for him to travel a little.对他来说，偶尔出去旅游会是很不错的经历。
⑥(表示时间、距离、数量)持续，达
For a few minutes she sat on her bed watching the clock..她坐在床上盯着时钟看了几分钟。
We drove on for a few miles.我们继续往前开了几公里。
⑦（表示目的或功能）为了；用于
They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。
What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做？
This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。
⑧（表示对象）为了，给，对于
Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。
Isn't that enough for you?.那对你来说不够吗？
⑨ (与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)
Is there any need for me to go? 我有没有必要去？
It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。
It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。
（6）from
① (表示时间)从…起，始于
She is singing from morning to night. 她从早唱到晚。
②(表示范围或状态)从…(到…)
He ran all the way home from school. 他从学校一路跑回家。Unemployment has fallen from 7.5% to 7.2%.失业率从 7.5％降到7.2％。
③ (表示距离)离(某处)…
Our school is two miles from the station. 我们学校离车站两英里。
④（表示来源）来自；出自
He comes from Shanghai. 他来自上海。
⑤ (用于 protect, free, keep, prevent 等动词后)免于，阻止，防止
The pill will relieve you from pain. 这药丸将使你免受痛苦。
⑥(表示区别、比较)
He is old enough to know right from wrong. 他已长大,能够辨别是非了。
I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。
⑦(表示原料) 由…(制成)
Flour is made from wheat. 面粉由小麦制成。
⑧（表示原因）因为,由于
He wasn't ill; he stayed in bed from laziness. 他没病,躺在床上是因懒惰之故。
He is trembling from fear. 他吓得发抖
⑨(表判断、观点)由(…来看)，根据(…来判断)
From her looks you would say she was about twenty. 从她的模样看，你会说她约摸20岁。
The expression on his face changed from sympathy to surprise.他脸上的表情从同情变为惊讶。
（7）under
①[表示位置]在…下面；在…下方；在…底下
She sat very still under the tree.她在树底下静静地坐着。
All this happened under his eyes.这一切都发生在他的眼皮底下。
②[表示年龄或数量]低于；在…以下
Many children under five go to nursery school.5岁以下的许多儿童都上幼儿园。
The watch cannot be sold for under 100 yuan.这块表低于100元不卖。
The total is under what was expected.总数低于预计数。
③[表示从属关系、影响所及] 在（…领导）下；在（…影响）下；在（…统治）之下
He's very much under the influence of the older boys.那些比他大的男孩对他影响很大。
The army is under the command of General Smith.这支部队由史密斯将军指挥。
He kept the situation under control.他把情势控制下来。
④[尤指一层衣服]在的里面（或底下)
I was wearing two sweaters under the green army jacket.我在绿军装里套了两件毛线衫。
He had no shirt on under his thin jumper.他在薄套头衫里面没有穿衬衣。
He wore a vest under his jacket. 他在夹克里穿了件背心。⑤在（…状况或条件）下
His best friend was killed by police under extremely questionable circumstances.他最好的朋友在极其可疑的情况
下被警察打死了。
Under normal conditions, only about 20 to 40 per cent of vitamin E is absorbed.正常情况下，仅有20%到40%的
维生素E会被吸收。
The car is under repair. 这辆汽车在修理中。
⑥用（…之名）；以（…的名义）；假借（…之名）
He never wrote under his real name.他从来不用真名实姓写作。
The patient was registered under a false name.那位患者挂号时用了假名。
（8）upon
①在…上
He set the tray upon the table.他把盘子放在桌子上。
He bent forward and laid a kiss softly upon her forehead.他弯身向前，在她额头上轻轻一吻。
She sat upon the sofa.她坐在沙发上。
②一…即…；一…就…
Upon seeing her, I smiled and ran toward her.一看到她，我就笑了并跑了过去。
Upon his arrival at Qinhuangdao, he gave me a ring.他已到达秦皇岛就给我打了电话。
③将要发生；马上来临
The long-threatened storm was upon us.酝酿多时的暴风雨就要向我们袭来。
The wedding season is upon us.结婚旺季就要来了。
【短语】
once upon a time很久以前
look down upon瞧不起
upon my word 的确；我发誓
1.（2025·重庆巴蜀中学高考适应性月考卷（二））The Panda Ridge habitat where the pair will live is four
times larger than the previous panda enclosure, the zoo said, and takes cues (仿效) from China’s landscape,
features imitating canyons, mountains and cliffs.
2.Not only the students but also the teacher was ________ the plan at that time.
3.The Great Wall winds its way from west to east, across deserts, over mountains, __________ valleys until at last
it reaches the sea.考点六 考查介词短语的含义和用法
1. (2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) “Some of the things that Tang was writing about were also Shakespeare’s concerns.
I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___39___ Romeo
and Juliet.”
2.（2023•新高考Ⅰ卷）There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and
the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled.
3．（2023•全国乙卷）Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to
museums, narrow hutong royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history
even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built system of ring roads.
4.（2022年6月•浙江卷) Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ______ age seven.
注意总结一些介词短语的含义和用法：
at the age of 5;at age 5;at 5在5岁时 at one’s service随时为某人服务；听凭某人的吩咐
at (the) sight of当看到……时 at first sight乍一看；初看起来
by chance/accident偶然；碰巧 by mistake错误地；无意地
by far最；……得多 by hand用手；用体力
for sale出售的；待售的for free免费地 for nothing免费的；白费地。
常考的介词短语
①at＋名词
at a loss不知所措at dinner在吃晚餐at peace处于和平状态at dawn在黎明at war在战争中at work在工作
②其他高频介词短语
against time 争分夺秒at the sight of 一看到……at the age of在……岁时in the face of 面对；面临in
addition (to)另外；除了in case of 万一in charge of负责；主管in favour of赞成；支持in need of 需要inno time立刻in a hurry匆忙in preparation for为……作准备in return for作为回报of help/use 有帮助的/有用
的of importance重要的on behalf of代表
③by＋名词
by accident偶然地by chance偶然地by force用暴力by hand手工地by mistake错误地by the month按月算
④beyond＋名词
beyond comparison无与伦比beyond control失控beyond description难以描述beyond doubt毋庸置疑beyond
expression 难以表达beyond (one's) reach够不到
⑤in＋名词
in bed在床上；卧床in danger处于危险中in debt负债in difficulty 处于困难中in high spirits情绪高昂in need
处于困难中in order 整齐；井然有序in surprise 吃惊地in trouble 在困难中in use使用中
⑥on＋名词
on a trip在旅行on business出差on display/show在展出on duty在值班on holiday/vacation在度假on sale在出
售on strike在罢工on the way在途中
⑦out of＋名词
out of balance失去平衡out of control失去控制out of danger 脱离危险out of date过期out of order出故障out
of work失业
⑧under＋名词
under consideration在考虑中under construction在建造中under control在控制之下under discussion在讨论中
under pressure在压力下under repair在修理中under treatment在治疗中
1.（2025·河北省石家庄市第二中学高三月考）In the Chinese section, the average daily number of passenger
trains has increased 35 at the beginning of the line’s operation in late 2021 to 51.
2.（2025·东北三省三校联考）However, despite these apparent differences, both cultures have something in
common: their festivals are all in celebration life and the pursuit of happiness. Western festivals like
Thanksgiving and Halloween, which have religious origins, have gradually developed into occasions for family
gatherings, gratitude sharing and creative expressions.
3.（2025·安徽省芜湖市第一中学教学质量诊断）During the Qing Dynasty, the drums were also played on the
New Year’s Eve of the lunar calendar at the imperial palace. consequence, the performance also became
known as the “New Year Drum” by Beijingers.考点七 考查介词与其他词类的搭配
1.（2023•新高考Ⅱ卷）And who do they speak English ?
2.（2022·新高考I卷) Giant pandas also serve ______ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host
of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.
3.（2021年7月·浙江卷）Beautifully restored（修复）to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary
Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it ______ $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who
performed their marriage ceremony in 1842.
常考动词的固定结构和搭配
①★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋of＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
accuse控告 cheat欺骗cure治愈 inform通知remind使想起 rob抢劫
warn警告 rid使摆脱suspect怀疑 persuade说服convince使信服
②★★★用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋for＋sth.”结构的常见动词有：
blame责备 criticize批评forgive原谅 excuse原谅pardon原谅 punish惩罚
scold责备 thank感谢praise赞扬 respect尊重admire钦佩；赞赏
③★★★ 用于“动词＋sb./sth.＋from＋(doing) sth.”结构的常见动词有：
prevent阻止stop阻止keep阻止protect保护preserve保护；保存 defend保卫ban禁止prohibit阻止；
禁止shelter保护
④常考的动词短语
remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 result from 由……造成，因……而产生
call at访问(某地) add to增加
call for要求；需要 care about关心
end up with以……结束 fix one's eyes on 注视
give in屈服；上交 get rid of免除；摆脱
look down on/upon轻视；看不起 make use of利用run out of用完 take pride in因……而自豪
live up to不辜负 come up with提出
take on呈现 put forward提出
put up with忍受 make fun of取笑
adapt to适应 refer to涉及；查阅；指的是
come across (偶然)遇见 pick up捡起；用车接(某人)；接收
1.（2025·河北省衡水中学第一次综合素养测评）It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational
and artistic appeal. The journey begins a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how
Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉
沟渠); and it highlights the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the
myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet to be uncovered.
2. （2025·江苏省海门中学高三第一次调研）By organizing the festival, Fuzhou aims to promote excellent
traditional culture, tell Chinese stories in a more engaging manner and carry out Chinese and foreign cultural
exchanges and cooperation to draw domestic and global attention Tang Xianzu, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, thus
increasing Chinese culture’s presence and influence.
3.（2025·广东省部分学校高三上学期8月大联考）The new species was named Oreocharis oriolus (黄鹂属)
the lively bird oriole, as its bright yellow flowers resemble the bird’s feather color.
04 重难点突破 介词及介词短语基本知识的综合运用
介词及介词短语重难点突破：依据句式和搭配填介词
(1)与动词搭配，如： remind sb of sth“提醒某人某事”；rob sb of sth“抢劫某人某物”。
(2)与名词或代词搭配，如： by accident“偶然”；by oneself “靠自己”。
(3)与形容词搭配，如：be curious about“对……感到好奇”；be proud of “因……而自豪”。
(4)其他搭配，如：not ...until ...“直到……才……”；from ...to ...“从……到……”；between ...and ... “在……
和……之间”。（1）高考对介词的考查主要集中在介词的基本用法及介词与其他词构成的固定短语的用法上。
（2）语法填空题对介词的考查形式为纯空格，即没有提示词，这对学生正确理解句意提出了较高的
要求。
（3）名词或动词-ing形式在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前一定填介词。介词可位于名词
之前，如at night、on Sunday等；也可位于形容词之后，如be interested in、be good at等；还可位于不
及物动词之后，如listen to、arrive at、look for等。
(1)及物动词后直接跟宾语时，无需再加介词。
(2)last、next等后跟名词表示时间时，无需加介词。
(3)不及物动词后跟宾语时，应加相应的介词。
(4)避免受汉语的影响。例如：“在……帮助下”的英语表达应为with the help of，而不是under the help
of。
语法填空
（2025·广东省汕头市金山中学高三期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。（标黄题号为本专题考点）
A century ago in the city of Shantou, nostalgia (念旧) drove successful overseas Chinese businessmen to
return, invest and contribute to the development of its thriving downtown area of their hometown. The neatly
1 (plan) old town they helped create, with its row upon row of picturesque qilou, 2 (know) today as
the Small Park historical area and bears witness to the city’s stories.
The city, also called Swatow by locals, became a treaty port (通商口岸) for foreign trade in 1860 3
the Small Park became a commercial center famous for its modern lifestyle. 4 (follow) the founding of
New China in 1949, it became a busy, harmonious neighborhood, and since 1978, the city 5 (boom) as a
result of reform and opening-up. 6 the passage of time, the old town’s prosperity faded as Shantou
extended eastward, 7 many of those who grew up there and have cherished 8 (memory) of the
area don’t want to leave it behind. Instead, they strive to keep its memory alive, taking up pens or lens 9
(ensure) that its former glory is told to both the city’s younger generation, and to the growing number of visitors.“The creation of the Small Park area is a 10 (reflect) of the city’s historical development.” says
the deputy director of the culture, radio, television, tourism and sports bureau of Jinping district, where the qilou
neighborhood is located.
