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专题 03 阅读理解之推理判断题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征（最新模拟）
【题型四】阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题（最新模拟）
【题型五】阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度（最新模拟）
【题型六】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处（最新模拟）
【题型七】阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理解题进行
了蓝色标注。
题型一 阅读理解之推理判断---引申推断题
1.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三期末）In recent years, the landscape of education has been
significantly transformed by the rise of online learning. As technology continues to advance, an increasing number
of students are choosing online courses, leading to a heated debate about whether online learning can replace
traditional offline learning.
Online learning offers several distinct advantages. Firstly, it provides remarkable flexibility. Students can
原创精品资源学科网1独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！access course materials and lectures at any time and from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection.
This is especially beneficial for those with busy schedules or those who live in remote areas. For example, a student
who has a part - time job can study during their free time without having to worry about commuting to a physical
classroom. Secondly, online learning platforms often offer a vast range of courses. Learners can choose from
various subjects and levels, enabling them to customize their learning experience according to their interests and
needs.
However, online learning also has its drawbacks. One of the main challenges is the lack of face - to - face
interaction. Without direct communication with teachers and classmates, students may find it difficult to ask
questions immediately and engage in in - depth discussions. Additionally, online learning requires a high level of
self - discipline. In the absence of a physical classroom environment, some students may struggle to stay focused
and motivated.
On the other hand, traditional offline learning has its own merits. In a classroom setting, students can have
immediate feedback from teachers. Teachers can observe students’ reactions, understand their difficulties, and
provide timely guidance. Moreover, the in - person interaction among classmates can foster a sense of community
and teamwork. Group projects and class discussions in a physical classroom can enhance students’ communication
skills and ability to work together.
Nevertheless, offline learning is not without limitations. It is restricted by time and space. Students need to
attend classes at specific times and locations, which can be inconvenient. For instance, bad weather or
transportation problems may prevent students from reaching the classroom on time.
In conclusion, both online learning and offline learning have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should combine the two methods to create a more
effective and comprehensive learning environment.
5．What is the main topic of the passage?
A．The development of online learning. B．The comparison between online learning and offline learning.
C．The advantages of offline learning. D．The challenges of online learning.
6．Which of the following is an advantage of online learning?
A．It provides immediate feedback from teachers.
B．It offers a sense of community and teamwork.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
2 / 97C．It is highly flexible in terms of time and place.
D．It is not affected by the internet connection.
7．What does the underlined word “drawbacks” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Benefits. B．Disadvantages. C．Features. D．Improvements.
8．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Online learning will completely replace offline learning in the future.
B．Offline learning is always better than online learning.
C．We should make use of the strengths of both learning methods.
D．The limitations of offline learning can be easily overcome.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在线学习和线下学习的优势和劣势。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As technology continues to advance, an increasing number of students are
choosing online courses, leading to a heated debate about whether online learning can replace traditional offline
learning. (随着科技的不断进步，越来越多的学生选择在线课程，这引发了一场关于在线学习能否取代传统
线下学习的激烈辩论。)”和最后一段“In conclusion, both online learning and offline learning have their own
advantages and disadvantages. Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should combine
the two methods to create a more effective and comprehensive learning environment. (综上所述，在线学习和离线
学习都有各自的优点和缺点。我们不应该把一种方法完全取代另一种方法，而应该把这两种方法结合起来，
创造一个更有效、更全面的学习环境。)”可知，文章主要话题是在线学习和线下学习的对比。故选 B 项。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“it provides remarkable flexibility. Students can access course materials and
lectures at any time and from anywhere, as long as they have an internet connection. (它提供了非凡的灵活性。学
生可以在任何时间、任何地点访问课程材料和讲座，只要他们有互联网连接。)”可知，在线学习的优势是：
在时间和地点上具有高度的灵活性。故 C 项。
7．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Online learning offers several distinct advantages. (在线学习有几个明显的优
势。)”可知，第二段讲述了在线学习的优点，接着在第三段开头用 However 进行转折，表明要阐述在线学习
不好的方面。drawbacks 所在句子后面提到了在线学习缺乏面对面互动、需要高度自律等问题，所以推测
drawbacks 意思是“缺点，劣势”。A 选项 Benefits 是 “好处”；C 选项 Features 是“特点”；B 选项
Disadvantages
是“缺点、劣势”；D 选项 Improvements 是“改进”。故选 B 项。
原创精品资源学科网3独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！8．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Instead of seeing one as a complete replacement for the other, we should
combine the two methods to create a more effective and comprehensive learning environment. (我们不应该把一种
方法完全取代另一种方法，而应该把这两种方法结合起来，创造一个更有效、更全面的学习环境。)”可知，
我们应该利用这两种学习方法的优点。故选 C 项。
2.（2025·辽宁省东北育才、辽宁省实验中学、大连 24 中学、大连八中、鞍山一中 2024-2025 学年高
三上学期五校联考期末）For the perfect cup of tea, does one add milk to boiling water, or the opposite? Neither, if
new research in the journal Current Biology is to be believed. What must be prepared first, instead, are the
microbes (微生物) .
Scientists are increasingly aware that the fungi and bacteria living around a plant's roots can significantly
affect its growth by enhancing the absorption of critical nutrients like iron and nitrogen. This possibility of
enhanced nitrogen absorption was particularly fascinating to tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian
Agriculture and Forestry University in China because tea plants rely upon nitrogen-rich soil around their roots to
produce theanine, an amino acid that generates their unique pleasant flavors. Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang found that
theanine production varied widely, even among similar teas. Some highly valued oolong teas such as Rougui,
produced a lot of the chemical, whereas others, such as Maoxie, produced less. This difference was particularly
obvious in the autumn, when the roots were accumulating theanine.
This brought about a natural question. If the microbe community found around Rougui were transplanted to
other tea plants, might this increase their theanine production and, in turn, improve their flavor? To explore this, the
researchers created a community of microbes made up of 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the community found
around Rougui roots and applied them to the roots of Maoxie plants. They report this week that this nearly tripled
the theanine accumulation in Maoxie leaves. While the time-consuming process of transforming leaves into
drinkable tea has yet to be completed, the researchers have little doubt that there will be big differences.
Flavors aside, the Rougui microbe sample that Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang worked with has the potential to make a
wider environmental impact. Most farmers, not just tea growers, add some form of nitrogen to their soil to enhance
growth. While some of this is absorbed by plants, most runs off during heavy rains and ends up polluting natural
water bodies. When the researchers applied their microbial cocktail to soil around the roots of cress (水芹) plants,
which is the lab rat of the botanical world, they found that, just as with Maoxie, the newcomers enhanced nitrogen
uptake. This suggests that these microbes have the potential to create new flavors while also reducing agricultural
原创精品资源学科网4独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！pollution. That should be everyone's cup of tea.
23．Which of the following directly determines the flavor of tea?
A．Microbes. B．Theanine. C．Nitrogen. D．Fungi.
24．What was the primary goal of the experiment mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A．To determine the effect of microbes on tea leaf color.
B．To increase the caffeine content in tea leaves.
C．To enhance theanine production in Maoxie tea plants.
D．To identify new varieties of tea-producing bacteria.
25．What can we infer about the future of tea production with the use of microbes?
A．It is very likely to lead to a significant increase in tea production costs.
B．It has the potential to reduce water pollution caused by farming.
C．It will replace traditional methods of growing tea entirely.
D．Its benefits are limited to certain types of tea plants.
26．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Tea Science: Microbes Functioning
B．Microbes’ Role: Enhancing Tea Production
C．Discovering New Microbe Varieties in Tea Plants
D．Rethinking the impact of Microbes on Environment
【答案】23．B 24．C 25．B 26．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了《当代生物学》的新研究指出，要泡出完美的茶，首要准备的并非
水与牛奶的添加顺序，而是微生物。科学家发现植物根部周围的真菌和细菌能通过增强铁、氮等关键营养
物质的吸收，显著影响植物生长。中国福建农林大学的茶专家辛伟和唐文鑫关注到，茶树依赖根部富氮土
壤产生茶氨酸，以形成独特风味，但不同茶树茶氨酸产量差异大，秋季尤为明显，如肉桂乌龙产量高，毛
蟹产量低。
23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This possibility of enhanced nitrogen absorption was particularly fascinating to
tea experts Xin Wei and Tang Wenxin at Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in China because tea plants
rely upon nitrogen-rich soil around their roots to produce theanine, an amino acid that generates their unique
pleasant flavors. Dr. Xin and Dr. Tang found that theanine production varied widely, even among similar teas. (中
原创精品资源学科网5独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！国福建农林大学的茶叶专家辛伟和唐文鑫对这种增强氮吸收的可能性特别感兴趣，因为茶树依靠根部周围
富含氮的土壤来产生茶氨酸，这种氨基酸能产生独特的宜人味道。辛博士和唐博士发现，即使在类似的茶中，
茶氨酸的含量也存在很大差异。)”可知，茶氨酸直接决定了茶的味道。故选 B 项。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段中“If the microbe community found around Rougui were transplanted to other tea
plants, might this increase their theanine production and, in turn, improve their flavor? To explore this, the
researchers created a community of microbes made up of 21 bacterial varieties that resembled the community found
around Rougui roots and applied them to the roots of Maoxie plants. They report this week that this nearly tripled
the theanine accumulation in Maoxie leaves. (如果将肉桂周围发现的微生物群落移植到其他茶树中，是否会增
加它们的茶氨酸产量，进而改善它们的风味？为了探索这一点，研究人员创建了一个由 21 个细菌品种组成
的微生物群落，这些细菌品种与肉桂根周围的细菌群落相似，并将它们应用于毛蟹植物的根部。他们本周
报告说，这几乎使毛蟹叶中的茶氨酸积累增加了两倍。)”可推知，第三段提到的实验的主要目的是提高毛蟹
茶树茶氨酸的产量。故选 C 项。
25．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While some of this is absorbed by plants, most runs off during heavy rains and
ends up polluting natural water bodies. When the researchers applied their microbial cocktail to soil around the
roots of cress (水芹) plants, which is the lab rat of the botanical world, they found that, just as with Maoxie, the
newcomers enhanced nitrogen uptake. This suggests that these microbes have the potential to create new flavors
while also reducing agricultural pollution. (虽然其中一些被植物吸收，但大部分在大雨中流失，最终污染了自
然水体。当研究人员将他们的微生物混合物应用于植物界的小白鼠——袍草根部周围的土壤时，他们发现，
与毛蟹叶一样，新来者提高了氮的吸收。这表明这些微生物有潜力创造新的风味，同时还能减少农业污染。
)”可知，通过使用微生物，我们可以推断出茶叶生产的未来有可能减少农业造成的水污染。故选 B 项。
26．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“For the perfect cup of tea, does one add milk to boiling water, or the
opposite? Neither, if new research in the journal Current Biology is to be believed. What must be prepared first,
instead, are the microbes (微生物). ( 一杯完美的茶，是往开水里加牛奶，还是相反？如果《当代生物学》杂
志上的一项新研究可信的话，这两者都不是。相反，首先必须准备的是微生物。)”可知，文章主要讲的是《当
代生物学》的新研究指出，要泡出完美的茶，首要准备的并非水与牛奶的添加顺序，而是微生物。科学家
发现植物根部周围的真菌和细菌能通过增强铁、氮等关键营养物质的吸收，显著影响植物生长。中国福建
农林大学的茶专家辛伟和唐文鑫关注到，茶树依赖根部富氮土壤产生茶氨酸，以形成独特风味，但不同茶
树茶氨酸产量差异大，秋季尤为明显，如肉桂乌龙产量高，毛蟹产量低。故这篇文章最好的标题是“茶科学：
原创精品资源学科网6独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！微生物的功能”。故选 A 项。
3.（2025·海南省三亚市高三期末）As students and scholars prepare a new academic year, the reliance on
computers for note-taking and paper writing has never been greater. Younger students, encouraged or even required
to bring laptops to class, have raised concerns among parents about distraction and reduced engagement. University
professors complain a decline in classroom focus, with students often multitasking instead of actively listening.
Among these debates, a line of research shows the lasting benefits of handwriting — an “innovation”
before computers. First, handwriting enhances memory. Putting words on paper with a pen or pencil creates muscle
and sensory memories, and the arrangement of words on a page feed into visual memory: people might remember a
word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on certain page, which enhances learning.
Another best-demonstrated advantages of handwriting seems to be in effective note-taking. In a study from
2014 by Pam Mueller and Danny Oppenheimer, students’ typing wrote down almost twice as many words exactly
from lectures, suggesting they were not understanding so much as rapidly copying the material. Handwriting —
which takes longer for nearly all university-level students — forces note-takers to synthesize (综合) and convey
concepts in their own words, thus strengthening learning.
Policymakers have also taken note of handwriting’s benefits. Half of the states in the USA, have responded
to research advocating for continued handwriting instruction. Sweden advocates for more handwriting and fewer
electronic devices, while England authorizes cursive instruction by age seven.
Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychology professor at the University of Washington, is a longtime advocate of
handwriting while acknowledging its integration with digital literacy. She highlights research-backed benefits
across different writing styles — from manuscript to cursive — and even typing, which aids in composing
coherent passages quickly. Advocating occasional “tuning up” of handwriting skills throughout schooling and
possibly into adulthood, Berninger maintains that a balanced approach to writing methods ensures students’
academic and cognitive development.
27．What’s the possible result of younger students using laptops in class?
A．Increased engagement. B．Enhanced learning.
C．Declined memory. D．Weakened attention.
28．What does the underlined words “feed into” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Enhance. B．Conclude. C．Switch. D．Influence.
原创精品资源学科网7独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！29．Which of the following does Berninger agree to do?
A．Replace handwriting with digital skills.
B．Prioritize digital skills over handwriting.
C．Balance handwriting with digital literacy.
D．Teach handwriting only in early education.
30．What does the text mainly focus on?
A．Handwriting vs. typing in education.
B．The decline of handwriting in schools.
C．The benefits of handwriting in learning.
D．Technology’s impact on student engagement.
【答案】27．D 28．A 29．C 30．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了随着学生和学者对新学年的准备，对电脑在记笔记和写论文方
面的依赖越来越大，但一系列研究表明手写具有持久的好处，如增强记忆、有效记笔记等。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“Younger students, encouraged or even required to bring laptops to class, have raised
concerns among parents about distraction and reduced engagement. University professors complain a decline in
classroom focus, with students often multitasking instead of actively listening.(鼓励甚至要求年轻学生带笔记本
电脑上课，这引起了家长们的担忧，他们担心这会分散注意力，降低参与度。大学教授们抱怨说，课堂上
的注意力下降了，学生们经常同时处理多项任务，而不是积极听讲。)”可知，年轻学生在课堂上使用笔记本
电脑可能带来的结果是注意力减弱。故选 D。
28．词句猜测题。根据下文“people might remember a word they wrote down in French class at the bottom-left on
certain page, which enhances learning.(人们可能会记住他们在法语课上写在某一页左下角的单词，这会增强学
习效果。)”可知，用笔或铅笔把单词写在纸上会创造肌肉和感觉记忆，页面上单词的排列有助于增强视觉记
忆，由此可知，“feed into”的意思是“增强”。故选 A。
29．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. Virginia Berninger, a psychology professor at the University of Washington,
is a longtime advocate of handwriting while acknowledging its integration with digital literacy…Berninger
maintains that a balanced approach to writing methods ensures students’ academic and cognitive development.(华
盛顿大学心理学教授弗吉尼亚•伯宁格博士长期以来一直倡导手写，同时承认手写与数字素养的结合……伯
宁格认为，采用平衡的写作方法可以确保学生的学业和认知发展。)”可知，伯宁格同意平衡手写和数字素养。
原创精品资源学科网8独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！故选 C。
30．主旨大意题。文章第一段提到学生和学者对电脑在记笔记和写论文方面的依赖越来越大，年轻学生在
课堂上使用笔记本电脑可能带来注意力减弱的结果，第二段提到一系列研究表明手写具有持久的好处，如
增强记忆，第三段提到手写另一个最明显的优势在于有效记笔记，第四段提到政策制定者也注意到了手写
的好处，最后一段讲华盛顿大学的心理学教授弗吉尼亚•伯宁格博士长期倡导手写，同时承认手写与数字素
养的结合，由此可知，本文主要关注的是手写对学习的好处。故选 C。
4.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）An ambitious plan to genetically engineer a version of the
woolly mammoth (长 毛 猛 犸 象 ), a giant that disappeared 4,000 years ago, is making some progress. A
new
biosciences and genetics company, Colosal, has raised $15 million to create a mammoth hybeid that looks exactly
like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to create, through genetic engineering, a living,
walking elephant-mammoth hybeid.
The scientists revealed they had reprogrammed cells from an Asian elephant, the woolly mammoth’s closest
living relative. These changed cells can grow into any kind of elephant cell. The research team has analyzed the
than 50 changes to the genetic code of the Asian elephant to give it the characteristics it needs to survive and thrive
in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer of insulating (绝缘的) fat, five different kinds of
hair including some that is up to a meter long, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tolerate the cold.
Colossal believes that bringing the woolly mammoth back to life could possibly help restore the fragile
Arctic tundra (冻原) ecosystem, which is at risk as the world warms. The company has claimed that mammoths, if
they should return to their natural habitat in the Arctic in sufficient numbers, would help slow down frozen soil
melting. Some scientists believe that, before their extinction, animals such as mammoths and horses kept the earth
frozen underneath by walking on the grass, knocking down trees and pressing snow tight. One small study in
Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence of large mammals such as horses and reindeer resulted in
lower soil temperatures in the protected area where they were kept compared with land outside that area.
Colossal also announced plans to being some other animals back to life such as the Tasmanian tiger in 2023
and the dodo in 2024, but its work on the mammoth has been going on longest.
39．What does the underlined word “counterpart” in the first paragraph refer to?
A．Endangered animal. B．Fellow species.
C．Cloned elephant. D．Extracted cell.
原创精品资源学科网9独 / 家97享有版权，侵权必究！40．What can we learn about the hybrid?
A．It is visually similar to the Asian elephant.
B．It can grow into any types of elephant cell.
C．Thick fat and smaller ears help it endure the severe weather.
D．Long hair like a woolly coat keeps it from the cold and attacks.
41．Why does the author mention the study in Siberia in Paragraph 3?
A．To illustrate the possibility of reintroducing mammoths to their natural habitats.
B．To compare different kinds of nature reserves where large mammals were kept.
C．To indicate the link between the extinction of large mammals and climate change.
D．To show the potential impact of returning mammoths to the Arctic on the ecosystem.
42．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The project on bringing back the mammoth costs the most.
B．The Tasmania tiger and the dodo are also long-dead animals.
C．Colossal needs increased investment to advance the projects.
D．Colossal is completely confident in its technology and scientists.
【答案】39．B 40．C 41．D 42．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一家生物科技公司成功创造了猛犸象近亲亚洲象的干细胞，
为复活猛犸象迈出重要一步，引发环保和科学界的讨论。
39．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“A new biosciences and genetics company, Colosal, has raised $15 million to
create a mammoth hybeid that looks exactly like its extinct counterpart. The goal isn’t to clone a mammoth, but to
create, through genetic engineering, a living, walking elephant-mammoth hybeid. (一家名为 Colosal 的新型生物
科学和遗传学公司已筹集到 1500 万美元，用于创造一种看起来与其灭绝的 counterpart 一模一样的猛犸象杂
交品种。目标不是克隆猛犸象，而是通过基因工程创造一种活生生的、行走的大象-猛犸象杂交品种)”可知，
此处指灭绝的猛犸象，counterpart 意为“相对应的人或物”，所以此处指与现在的杂交品种相对应的物种，即
“灭绝的猛犸象”，相当于“同类物种”。A. Endangered animal 濒危动物；B. Fellow species 同类生物；C.
Cloned
elephant 克隆大象；D Extracted cell 提取的细胞。故选 B。
40．细节理解题。根据第二段中“These changed cells can grow into any kind of elephant cell. The research team
has analyzed the than 50 changes to the genetic code of the Asian elephant to give it the characteristics it needs to
原创精品资源学科网1独0 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！survive and thrive in the Arctic. These characteristics include a 10-centimeter layer of insulating (绝缘的) fat, five
different kinds of hair including some that is up to a meter long, and smaller ears that will help the hybrid tolerate
the cold. (这些改变的细胞可以生长成任何种类的大象细胞。研究小组分析了亚洲象基因组的 50 多处变化，
使其具有在北极生存和繁衍所需的特征。这些特征包括一层 10 厘米厚的绝缘脂肪、五种不同的毛发 (其中
一些长达一米) 以及较小的耳朵，这将帮助杂交品种抵御寒冷)”可知，杂交品种有 10 厘米厚的绝缘脂肪和
较小的耳朵，这些可以帮助杂交品种忍受恶劣的天气。故选 C。
41．推理判断题。根据第三段中“One small study in Siberia published in 2021 suggested that the presence of large
mammals such as horses and reindeer resulted in lower soil temperatures in the protected area where they were kept
compared with land outside that area. (2021 年在西伯利亚进行的一项小型研究表明，在保护区内饲养的马和驯
鹿等大型哺乳动物的存在，使得该区域的土壤温度比保护区外的土地更低)”可知，提到这项研究是为了说明
猛犸象回归北极可能对生态系统产生的潜在影响，例如降低土壤温度、保护冻土层等。故选 D。
42．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Colossal also announced plans to bring some other animals back to life such as
the Tasmanian tiger in 2023 and the dodo in 2024, but its work on the mammoth has been going on longest.
(Colossal 公司还宣布计划于 2023 年复活塔斯马尼亚虎，于 2024 年复活渡渡鸟，不过其关于猛犸象的研究
开展得最早)”可推知，塔斯马尼亚虎和渡渡鸟也是早已灭绝的动物。故选 B。
题型二 阅读理解之推理判断---写作目的和意图题
1.（2025·广东省深圳市龙岗区高三期末质量监测）Frightening as monsters are, they have always
fascinated us. From strange combinations of animals to magical beings, creatures have emerged from our
imaginations throughout history. Today, they still frequent our cinema screens. Considering how scared we can be
of monsters, it seems paradoxical that we keep making them. In fact, there is science behind our love of monsters.
Monsters are imaginary creatures that come from our long history of living alongside predators (捕食者).
Snakes, for example, were among our ancestors’ first deadly threats, causing them to evolve snake-responsive
neurons (神 经 元 ) in their brains. This adaptation allowed them to detect snakes with just a quick look. This
hardware produced the snake-like monsters, including dragons, that appear in almost all cultures. That is why we
get a thrill seeing snake monsters on the screen.
Similarly, our ancestors’ minds were shaped by the need to detect bears, lions and other larger predators in
tough environments. We evolved to spot predators in the dark between tree trunks or in shadowy corners. With their
原创精品资源学科网1独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！long teeth and giant claws, these animals have seized our imaginations, appearing in cave paintings over thousands
of years.
There are psychological benefits to being frightened by monsters. Scary stories with terrifying creatures
activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking off the fight-or-flight response and releasing adrenaline (肾
上 腺 素 ). With the story ending in safety, adrenaline levels drop, bringing chemicals that fuel the feeling of
relaxation. Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or increase our pain tolerance.
As a result, some people with anxiety enjoy watching horror films before bed.
The monsters we create today for films and books reflect our deepest fears — whether it’s Godzilla
threatening civilisation, or aliens growing within us. Monster media allows us to externalise anxieties into
supernatural beings. By understanding our monsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal about what
is going on under the surface of our minds.
1．What does the underlined word “paradoxical” mean in paragraph 1?
A．Reasonable. B．Predictable. C．Contradictory. D．Problematic.
2．What is the purpose of paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．To honour the wisdom of our ancestors. B．To demonstrate the origin of monsters.
C．To compare different deadly creatures. D．To introduce common animals in artworks.
3．How does watching horror films benefit people with anxiety?
A．It reduces the brain’s sensitivity to fear. B．It helps people forget anxious experiences.
C．It teaches safety lessons in extreme danger. D．It stimulates the body’s relaxation system.
4．What is the author’s attitude towards our love of monsters?
A．Favourable. B．Uncertain. C．Ambiguous. D．Skeptical.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要解释了人类为何对怪物既感到害怕又被其吸引的现象，从人类历史、心
理机制等方面进行了阐述，说明了怪物在人类文化和心理中的重要作用。
1．词句猜测题。根据前文“Considering how scared we can be of monsters(考虑到我们对怪物有多害怕)”以
及后文“we keep making them(我们一直制造怪物)”可知，我们害怕怪物，但是又一直在制造怪物，看起来
是矛盾的，推知 paradoxical 为“矛盾的”之意，和 C 项意思相近。故选 C 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Monsters are imaginary creatures that come from our long history of living alongside
原创精品资源学科网1独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！predators (捕食者). Snakes, for example, were among our ancestors’ first deadly threats, causing them to evolve
snake-responsive neurons (神经元) in their brains. This adaptation allowed them to detect snakes with just a quick
look. This hardware produced the snake-like monsters, including dragons, that appear in almost all cultures. That is
why we get a thrill seeing snake monsters on the screen.(怪物是我们与食肉动物长期共存的历史中想象出来的
生物。例如，蛇是我们祖先最早的致命威胁之一，导致他们在大脑中进化出对蛇敏感的神经元。这种适应
使它们只需快速看一眼就能发现蛇。这种硬件产生了像蛇一样的怪物，包括龙，几乎在所有文化中都出现过。
这就是为什么我们在屏幕上看到蛇怪会感到兴奋)”以及第三段“Similarly, our ancestors’minds were shaped
by the need to detect bears, lions and other larger predators in tough environments. We evolved to spot predators in
the dark between tree trunks or in shadowy corners. With their long teeth and giant claws, these animals have
seized our imaginations, appearing in cave paintings over thousands of years.(同样，我们祖先的思维也被在恶劣
环境中发现熊、狮子和其他大型捕食者的需要所塑造。我们进化到能够在黑暗的树干间或阴暗的角落里发
现捕食者。这些动物有着长长的牙齿和巨大的爪子，它们在几千年前的洞穴壁画中出现，抓住了我们的想
象力)”可知，这两段从蛇和大型捕食者的角度解释了怪物的起源，指出它们是基于我们祖先与捕食者共存
的历史经验演化得来，目的是说明怪物的起源。故选 B 项。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“There are psychological benefits to being frightened by monsters. Scary stories
with terrifying creatures activate the amygdala, the brain’s fear center, kicking off the fight-or-flight response and
releasing adrenaline (肾上腺素). With the story ending in safety, adrenaline levels drop, bringing chemicals that
fuel the feeling of relaxation. Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or increase
our pain tolerance. As a result, some people with anxiety enjoy watching horror films before bed.(被怪物吓到有心
理上的好处。关于恐怖生物的恐怖故事会激活杏仁核，即大脑的恐惧中心，引发“战或逃”反应，并释放
肾上腺素。随着故事在安全的情况下结束，肾上腺素水平下降，产生了促进放松感的化学物质。这种可控
的恐惧体验可能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力。因此，一些焦虑的人喜欢在睡觉前看
恐怖电影)”可知，观看恐怖电影可以刺激肾上腺素分泌，最终通过化学机制让人感到放松，因此恐怖电影
帮助激活身体的放松系统。故选 D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Such controlled fear experience might help us to manage long-term stress or
increase our pain tolerance.(这种可控的恐惧体验可能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力)”以
及最后一段“The monsters we create today for films and books reflect our deepest fears — whether it’s Godzilla
threatening civilisation, or aliens growing within us. Monster media allows us to externalise anxieties into
原创精品资源学科网1独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！supernatural beings. By understanding our monsters and why we make them, we can learn a great deal about what
is going on under the surface of our minds.(我们今天为电影和书籍创造的怪物反映了我们最深的恐惧——无
论是威胁文明的哥斯拉，还是在我们体内生长的外星人。怪物媒体让我们把焦虑外化到超自然生物身上。
通过了解我们的怪物以及我们为什么制造它们，我们可以学到很多关于我们思想表面下发生的事情)”可知，
作者认为对怪物的喜爱能有助于我们管理长期压力或提高我们的疼痛耐受力，以及学到很多关于我们思想
表面下发生的事情，所以应是支持的态度。故选 A 项。
2.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）In modern times, artificial intelligence (AI)
has entered various industries, including healthcare. AI is revolutionizing healthcare, bringing both opportunities
and challenges.
AI-powered diagnostic tools are becoming more common. Machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical
images like X-rays, MRIs, and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spot details doctors might miss. For
example, an AI system once identified lung cancer in X-rays more successfully than some experienced radiologists.
This early detection enables timely treatment and better patient outcomes.
AI is also used to create personalized treatment plans. By analyzing a patient’s genetic data, medical history,
lifestyle, and symptoms, AI can suggest customized strategies. In cancer treatment, for instance, it can determine
the best chemotherapy drugs or radiotherapy approach based on a patient’s genetic makeup.
Moreover, AI-driven chatbots offer basic medical advice and answer patients’ questions. They can triage
patients, telling them if they need immediate medical attention or can wait. This eases the burden on healthcare
providers and gives patients quick access to reliable information.
However, using AI in healthcare has challenges. Data privacy is a major concern as medical data is sensitive.
There are also worries about the reliability of AI-based diagnoses, as incorrect results could be serious. Integrating
AI into existing healthcare systems requires significant investment in technology and staff training.
Despite these challenges, the future of AI in healthcare is promising. With technological progress and
research, AI will play an even bigger role in improving global healthcare.
9．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce the basic concepts of AI.
B．To discuss the application and challenges of AI in the medical field.
C．To compare AI with human doctors in medical diagnosis.
原创精品资源学科网1独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！D．To emphasize the importance of data privacy in AI-based medicine.
10．How can AI - powered diagnostic tools benefit patients?
A．They can completely replace human doctors in diagnosis.
B．They can provide free medical treatment.
C．They can detect diseases early and enable timely treatment.
D．They can reduce the cost of medical equipment.
11．What does the underlined word “triage” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．To classify patients according to the urgency of their conditions.
B．To provide free medical check-ups for patients.
C．To persuade patients to see a doctor as soon as possible.
D．To provide detailed medical reports for patients.
12．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．AI will soon replace human doctors in all aspects of healthcare.
B．The challenges of AI in the medical field are insurmountable.
C．The development of AI in the medical field will continue to progress.
D．Data privacy is not a big concern in the application of AI in medicine.
【答案】9．B 10．C 11．A 12．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是人工智能在医疗保健领域的应用以及面临的挑战。
9．推理判断题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段的句子“AI is revolutionizing healthcare, bringing both
opportunities and challenges.(人工智能正在彻底改变医疗保健，既带来机遇，也带来挑战)”可知，本文的目的
是探讨人工智能在医疗领域的应用与挑战。故选 B 项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Machine-learning algorithms can analyze medical images like X-rays, MRIs,
and CT scans quickly and accurately. They can spot details doctors might miss. For example, an AI system once
identified lung cancer in X-rays more successfully than some experienced radiologists. This early detection enables
timely treatment and better patient outcomes.(机器学习算法可以快速准确地分析医学图像，如 X 射线、核磁共
振成像和 CT 扫描。他们可以发现医生可能遗漏的细节，例如，人工智能系统曾经比一些经验丰富的放射科
医生更成功地在 X 射线中识别肺癌。这种早期发现有助于及时治疗和改善患者诊疗结果)”可知，人工智能
驱动的诊断工具可以及早发现疾病并及时治疗。故选 C 项。
原创精品资源学科网1独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！11．词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面的部分“telling them if they need immediate medical attention or can wait(告
诉他们是否需要立即就医或可以等待)”可知，人工智能驱动的聊天机器人可以将立即需要就医的病人和可以
等待的病人分开。所以，划线单词 triage 指的是根据病情的紧急程度对病人进行分类。故选 A 项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite these challenges, the future of AI in healthcare is promising. With
technological progress and research, AI will play an even bigger role in improving global healthcare.(尽管存在这
些挑战，但人工智能在医疗保健领域的未来是有希望的。随着技术的进步和研究，人工智能将在改善全球
医疗保健方面发挥更大的作用)”可知，人工智能在医疗领域的发展将不断进步。故选 C 项。
3.（2025·甘肃省陇南市西和县成名中学高三上学期期末）Adventures Abroad: Your Dream Travel Awaits
Are you a high school senior looking for an unforgettable adventure before you head off to college? Look no
further than Adventures Abroad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel experiences.
We offer a wide range of exciting trips designed to expand your horizons and create memories that will last a
lifetime. Whether you’re interested in exploring the ancient ruins of Rome, diving into the crystal-clear waters of
the Great Barrier Reef, or trekking through the lush jungles of Costa Rica, we have the perfect trip for you.
Our trips are led by experienced and knowledgeable guides who are passionate about travel and dedicated to
providing you with a safe and educational experience. They will not only show you the sights but also teach you
about the local culture, history, and traditions.
In addition to our amazing destinations, we also offer a variety of activities to make your trip even more
memorable. From zip-lining through the rainforest to cooking classes with local chefs, there’s something for
everyone.
We understand that as a student, cost is an important factor. That’s why we offer affordable prices and
flexible payment options to make your dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird discounts and group rates
available, so the more friends you bring, the more you save!
Don’t miss out on this opportunity to see the world and have the time of your life. Contact us today at [phone
number] or visit our website at [website address] to learn more and book your adventure.
13．What is the main purpose of this advertisement?
A．To introduce different travel destinations.
B．To recruit travel guides for Adventures Abroad.
C．To promote Adventures Abroad’s teen travel packages.
原创精品资源学科网1独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！D．To share travel experiences of high school seniors.
14．Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an activity offered on the trips?
A．Exploring ancient ruins. B．Taking cooking classes.
C．Going on a safari. D．Zip-lining through the rainforest.
15．What can we learn about the prices of the trips?
A．They are very expensive. B．They are affordable and have discounts available.
C．They are only for students with good grades. D．They are not mentioned in the advertisement.
【答案】13．C 14．C 15．B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了 Adventures Abroad 提供的旅行项目、导游情况、活动内容以及价格
优惠等。
13．推理判断题。根据第一段“Are you a high school senior looking for an unforgettable adventure before you
head off to college? Look no further than Adventures Abroad, the premier travel agency specializing in teen travel
experiences.(你是一名高中生，想在上大学前经历一次难忘的冒险吗?看看国外冒险吧，这是一家专门从事青
少年旅行体验的顶级旅行社)”以及文章介绍了 Adventures Abroad 提供的旅行项目、导游情况、活动内容以
及价格优惠等，可知，文章目的是推广该旅行社专门为青少年设计的旅行套餐，吸引学生选择他们的旅行
服务。故选 C。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whether you’re interested in exploring the ancient ruins of Rome, diving into the
crystal-clear waters of the Great Barrier Reef, or trekking through the lush jungles of Costa Rica, we have the
perfect trip for you.(无论你是有兴趣探索罗马的古代遗迹，潜入大堡礁清澈的海水，还是在哥斯达黎加茂密
的丛林中徒步旅行，我们都为你准备了完美的旅行)”以及第四段“From zip-lining through the rainforest to
cooking classes with local chefs, there’s something for everyone.(从滑索穿越雨林到与当地厨师一起上烹饪课，
这里有适合每个人的东西)”可知，可对应选项 A 中的探索古代遗迹、选项 B 中的烹饪课程和选项 D 中
的雨林滑索，而文中未提及去狩猎旅行，故选 C。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“We understand that as a student, cost is an important factor. That’s why we
offer affordable prices and flexible payment options to make your dream trip a reality. Plus, we have early bird
discounts and group rates available, so the more friends you bring, the more you save!(我们明白，作为一名学生，
成本是一个重要因素。这就是为什么我们提供实惠的价格和灵活的付款方式，让您的梦想之旅成为现实。
另外，我们有早鸟折扣和团体价格，所以你带的朋友越多，你省的钱就越多！)”可知，表明旅行的价格是
原创精品资源学科网1独7 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！学生可以承受的，并且还有早鸟折扣和团体优惠，故选 B。
题型三 阅读理解之推理判断---描述人物或事件的特征
1.（海南省三亚市 2024-2025 学年高三上学期期末）66-year-old Han Hua told tales of his table tennis
coaching career, showing photos that highlighting his victories in China, Tunisia and France.
Born in 1958, Han’s passion for table tennis started at a young age. A mix of raw talent and continuous
dedication drove him to junior tournament victories and eventually, to a desirable spot in the national team.
Since the 1950s, China has sent coaches in sports like table tennis, badminton, gymnastics and diving to
improve the competitive capacity of nations afar. As one of them, Han started a 12-year coaching journey in
Tunisia in 1984. He rapidly got accustomed to this way of life.
Known for his language competence and deep understanding of the sport, Han has earned applause from
peers and athletes.
In the 1990s, France enjoyed a golden era of table tennis led by the great table tennis player Jean-Philippe
Gatien. The French team, composed of Gatien, Patrick Chila, and Damien Eloi, achieved remarkable feats in the
World Cup and World Championships.
However, as they retired in the early years of this century, the once powerful team was enveloped in
calmness, motivating the French Table Tennis Federation to seek a savior in 2013 to restore the nation to its former
glory.
Han, with plentiful experience, coaching wisdom and fluency in French, stood out as the ideal candidate.
After three years of dedication, Han finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most
outstanding performance in four decades — Emmanuel Lebesson won the men’s singles title while Simon Gauzy
secured the silver medal at the 2016 European Championships. After successfully leading the team to the Rio
Olympics, he transitioned into an assistant coaching role, paving the way for young French coaches.
As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic relations, Han emphasizes the
significance of the enduring bond between the two nations in table tennis.
19．What was Han Hua’s key qualification for coaching the French team?
A．His success in junior tournaments.
B．His role in China’s table tennis history.
C．His previous work with French players.
原创精品资源学科网1独8 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！D．His language skills and coaching experience.
20．Which of the following words can best describe Han?
A．Talented and fortunate. B．Professional and devoted.
C．Unbeatable and proud. D．Ambitious and aggressive.
21．What does Han emphasize between China and France referring to table tennis?
A．Cultural exchange. B．Shared goals.
C．Everlasting friendship. D．Economic cooperation.
22．What could be a suitable title of the passage?
A．The Chinese Coach who Wins Applause from Audience.
B．The Talented and Dedicated Chinese Table Tennis Athlete.
C．The Chinese Coach who Teaches Table Tennis to the World.
D．The 60th Anniversary of China-France Diplomatic Relations.
【答案】19．D 20．B 21．C 22．C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了中国乒乓球教练韩华在海外执教的经历与成就。
19．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Han, with plentiful experience, coaching wisdom and fluency in French,
stood out as the ideal candidate.(韩华凭借丰富的经验、教练智慧和流利的法语，成为理想人选)”可知，韩华
执教法国队的关键资格是他的语言能力和教练经验。故选 D。
20．推理判断题。根据第二段“A mix of raw talent and continuous dedication drove him to junior tournament
victories and eventually, to a desirable spot in the national team.(天生的才华和持续的奉献精神使他在青少年比
赛中屡获佳绩，最终在国家队中获得了令人羡慕的位置)”和倒数第二段“After three years of dedication, Han
finally achieved his goal as the French men’s team delivered its most outstanding performance in four decades.(经
过三年的努力，韩华终于实现了自己的目标，法国男队取得了四十年来最出色的成绩)”可知，韩华是一个
专业且敬业的人。故选 B。
21．细节理解题。根据最后一段“As the year 2024 marks the 60th anniversary of China-France diplomatic
relations, Han emphasizes the significance of the enduring bond between the two nations in table tennis.(2024 年是
中法建交 60 周年，韩华强调了乒乓球领域中两国持久关系的重要性)”可知，韩华在中法乒乓球交流中强调
了永恒的友谊。故选 C。
22．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了中国乒乓球教练韩华在海外执教的经历与成就，他先在
原创精品资源学科网1独9 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！突尼斯执教 12 年，后来成为法国国家乒乓球队的教练，带领法国队取得了优异的成绩，所以选项 C“向世
界传授乒乓球的中国教练”这个标题最能概括文章主旨。故选 C。
2.（2025·湖南省长沙市雅礼中学高三测试）Wrapped in a shiny metal suit, Katia Krafft’s small frame
appeared insignificant next to the red curtain of boiling rock that burst from the ground before her. The dramatic
moment was captured in a photo taken atop Iceland’s Krafla volcano in 1984. “Once you see an eruption, you can’t
live without it because it’s so magnificent, so strong,” says Krafft, a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the
explosive peaks at a time when there were few women in the field.
The moment a volcano exploded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a volcancoogist, dropped
everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event. These stunning pictures allowed
researchers to dissect (剖析) the complex details of each eruption like never before.
The Kraffts initially focused their work on so-called effusive (溢 流 式 的 ) eruptions, which, though
still
dangerous, are usually less deadly than their explosive relatives. But two disasters led the Kraffts to turn their eyes
on the destructive impacts of the latter. In 1980 the eruption of Mount St. Helens in Washington killed 57 people,
and in 1985, the eruption of Colombia’s Nevado del Ruiz killed more than 20,000 people.
The couple used their recordings of explosive eruptions to explain the complex risks and uncertainties of
these disasters. Their videos are credited as one of the main reasons that officials in the Philippines took the
warning signs of Mount Pinatubo’s eruption in 1991 seriously. Yet the Kraffts didn’t live to see it. They died less
than two weeks earlier in Japan during a terrible eruption.
Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has inspired many young women to
study our restless planet. At age 16, Marie-Claude Williamson, now a research scientist at the Geological Survey of
Canada, met Katia during an evening lecture where the Kraffts were narrating one of their films. “It was largely the
vision of the extraordinary woman I briefly encountered when I was 16 that kept me going.” she says.
43．What did the Kraffts do when a volcano erupted?
A．They sent once warnings. B．They shot the process.
C．They wrote down the details. D．They analyzed the causes.
44．What can be learned about the two eruptions in the 1980s?
A．They were effusive eruptions.
B．They took place in the US.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
20 / 97C．They were recorded by the Kraffts.
D．They changed the Kraffts’ career focus.
45．What’s the purpose of filming explosive eruptions?
A．To show the beauty of volcanoes.
B．To predict future volcanic activities.
C．To share knowledge of volcanic risks.
D．To guide government policy-making.
46．Which of the following words can best describe Katia?
A．Enthusiastic and modest. B．Humorous and professional.
C．Ambitious and generous. D．Courageous and influential.
【答案】43．B 44．D 45．C 46．D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了火山学家克拉夫特夫妇的工作以及他们对火山学的贡献。
43．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The moment a volcano exploded, she and her husband, Maurice Krafft, also a
volcanologist, dropped everything to analyze and capture the beauty and mystery of each event. These stunning
pictures allowed researchers to dissect the complex details of each eruption like never before.(火山爆发的那一刻，
她和同为火山学家的丈夫莫里斯·克拉夫特放下一切，分析并捕捉每一个事件的美丽和神秘。这些令人惊叹
的照片使研究人员能够以前所未有的方式剖析每次火山喷发的复杂细节。)”可知，火山爆发时，克拉夫特夫
妇要拍摄了这个过程。故选 B 项。
44．细节理解题。根据第三段“The Kraffts initially focused their work on so-called effusive (溢流式的) eruptions,
which, though still dangerous, are usually less deadly than their explosive relatives. But two disasters led the
Kraffts to turn their eyes on the destructive impacts of the latter. In 1980 the eruption of Mount St. Helens in
Washington killed 57 people, and in 1985, the eruption of Colombia’s Nevada del Ruiz killed more than 20,000
people.(克拉夫特夫妇最初把他们的研究重点放在所谓的溢流式喷发上，这种喷发虽然仍然很危险，但通常
比爆炸性喷发的致命性要小。但两场灾难让卡夫夫妇把目光转向了后者的破坏性影响。1980 年，华盛顿圣
海伦斯火山喷发造成 57 人死亡，1985 年，哥伦比亚内华达德尔鲁伊斯火山喷发造成 2 万多人死亡。)”可知，
20 世纪 80 年代的两次火山爆发改变了克拉夫特夫妇的职业重心。故选 D 项。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The couple used their recordings of explosive eruptions to explain the complex
risks and uncertainties of these disasters.(这对夫妇用他们对火山爆发的记录来解释这些灾难的复杂风险和不
原创精品资源学科网2独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！确定性。)”可知，拍摄火山爆发的目的是分享火山风险的知识。故选 C 项。
46．推理判断题。根据第一段中的““Once you see an eruption, you can’t live without it because it’s so
magnificent, so strong,” says Krafft, a fearless pioneer in volcanology, studying the explosive peaks at a time when
there were few women in the field.(“一旦你看到火山喷发，你就不能没有它，因为它是如此壮观，如此强大，”
克拉夫特说，她是一位无畏的火山学先驱，在研究火山喷发高峰的时候，这个领域几乎没有女性。)”和最后
一段的句子“Katia’s impact on volcanology has reached far beyond her death and has inspired many young women
to study our restless planet.(远远在她去世后很久，卡蒂亚对火山学的影响还在，并激励了许多年轻女性研究
我们这个不安分的星球。)”可知，卡蒂亚是一位勇敢且有很大影响力的女性。故选 D 项。
3.（2025·广东省建文教育集团两学部第二次模拟）A modest assemblage of intrepid and inquisitive
youthful Irish musicians have assumed the mantle of safeguarding a legacy of melodies. Their initiative endeavors
to position the senior members of a generation teetering on the brink of obsolescence before a microphone, thereby
preserving their songs and narratives for the edification and study of future musicians in perpetuity.
Numerous experts frequently sound the alarm regarding the extent to which the oral traditions of humanity
are relinquished to the encroachment of modernity on an annual basis. In Ireland, a nation renowned for its
vocalists, the Song Collectors Collective (SCC) commemorates this heritage by paying homage to the individuals
who have sustained its foundational essence. The majority of these custodians hail from the reclusive traveler
communities. Instead of merely amassing lyrics, each song is accessible solely through an exploration of the life
and narrative of the individual who rendered it for the SCC, or the so-called “Tradition Bearer.”
Consider, for instance, Freda Black, a great-grandmother in her mid-eighties. She harbored such a plethora
of songs that she confessed to being incapable of enumerating them all. She subsequently gained prominence in a
recently launched album by a contemporary folk artist and SCC member, Sam Lee. “I relish the moments spent at
the knees of these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am exceedingly fortunate. I am capturing the remnants of an era.”
“It is a prevalent plea for the songs and tales to be documented and disseminated, as the old customs are no
longer being conveyed, and this vast repository of knowledge pertaining to an archaic mode of existence is on the
verge of being consigned to oblivion. In this contemporary epoch of readily accessible recording technology, there
is no justification for failing to chronicle and share this opulent yet fragile tradition,” the SCC asserted. Having
amassed hundreds of recordings from a multitude of singers, the SCC is commencing to organize educational
events, sharing the stories and vocal renditions with those who are keen to listen, as well as imparting knowledge
原创精品资源学科网2独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！on how individuals can become collectors in their own right.
93．How do those young Irish musicians save the tradition of songs? ______
A．By spreading their new music styles .
B．By recording old folk songs and related stories.
C．By teaching young people to learn traditional songs.
D．By improving the living conditions of elderly musicians.
94．What can we infer from Sam Lee’s words? ______
A．He is glad to keep a valuable tradition of music.
B．His latest album carries the memory of his grandma.
C．He is lucky to have got some help in learning music.
D．His music is inspired by conversations with Freda Black.
95．What further promotes the SCC’s protection of the oral tradition? ______
A．Market demand. B．The support of famous musicians.
C．High praise from the elderly. D．Technological progress.
96．Which of the following can best describe the SCC's work? ______
A．Effective and interesting. B．Successful but confusing.
C．Necessary and meaningful. D．Professional but dangerous.
【答案】93．B 94．A 95．D 96．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了爱尔兰的一群年轻音乐家如何通过记录老一辈歌手的歌曲和故事，
保护和传承爱尔兰的传统音乐。这些音乐家通过组织教育活动，分享这些歌曲和故事，鼓励更多人成为传
统音乐的传承者。
93．细节理解题。根据第一段“A modest assemblage of intrepid and inquisitive youthful Irish musicians have
assumed the mantle of safeguarding a legacy of melodies. Their initiative endeavors to position the senior members
of a generation teetering on the brink of obsolescence before a microphone, thereby preserving their songs and
narratives for the edification and study of future musicians in perpetuity.( 一群勇敢而好奇的年轻爱尔兰音乐家
承担起了保护旋律遗产的责任。他们的倡议努力将这一代即将被遗忘的年长成员置于麦克风前，从而永久
地保存他们的歌曲和故事，供未来的音乐家教育和研究。)”可以看出，这些年轻音乐家通过记录老一辈歌手
的歌曲和故事来保护传统歌曲。故选 B 项。
原创精品资源学科网2独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！94．推理判断题。根据第三段中““I relish the moments spent at the knees of these elders,” Lee remarked. “I am
exceedingly fortunate. I am capturing the remnants of an era. ”(“我珍惜在这些长者膝下度过的时光，”Lee 说。
“我
非常幸运。我正在捕捉一个时代的遗产。”)”可知，从 Sam Lee 的话中我们可以推断出他很高兴能保持有价
值
的95音．乐细传节统理。解故题选。 根A据 项最。后一段中“In this contemporary epoch of readily accessible recording technology, there
is no justification for failing to chronicle and share this opulent yet fragile tradition," the SCC asserted.(在当今这
个录音技术随处可见的时代，没有理由不记录和分享这一丰富而脆弱的传统，SCC 断言。)”可以看出，技术
进步促进了 SCC 对口头传统的保护。故选 D 项。
96．推理判断题。根据文章大意可知，整篇文章都在介绍 SCC 如何通过记录和分享老一辈歌手的歌曲和故
事来保护爱尔兰的传统音乐。这些活动不仅保存了传统，还教育了新一代，具有必要性和意义。因此，C
选项 Necessary and meaningful“必要且有意义。”是对其最合适的描述。故选 C 项。
题型四 阅读理解之推理判断---写作手法题
1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三高考适应性考试）Decades of increasing corn and soya bean production have
turned Brazil into an agricultural powerhouse, which also led to the destruction of the Amazon rainforest. That has
long put farmers and environmentalists in disagreement. But a study released in October by the Federal University
of Minas Gerais (UFMG) and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) shows the extent to which deforestation is
hurting farmers too.
The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced crop production,
resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019. The net revenues (收入) for soya
beans dropped by 10% over that time, while corn revenues dropped by 20%. Anders Krogh, a specialist forest
adviser at RFN, says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global food security.
When ancient forests become rolling plains, a delicate balance of water cycle is disturbed. As trees breathe,
they turn water into vapour (水蒸气), which goes on to form large, thick rain clouds, and has a cooling effect on the
region. This recycling process also influences atmospheric circulation (循环), which plays a key role in temperature
regulation in the Amazon basin. The effects are the severest in the most deforested regions. Less rain and hotter
days mean smaller harvests and smaller revenues.
Preventing further deforestation in Brazil’s southern Amazon could slow the trend. Plus, reforesting could
even change rainfall trends: the report concludes that if the Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km² of
原创精品资源学科网2独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！farming land, the rain could come on average five days earlier, and up to 19 in some areas. For now, though, that
seems like a tall orde r. Agricultural firms in Brazil tend to treat such reports and the researchers who produce them
with doubt. The term “agri-phobic (农业恐惧)” is often used to describe scientists who criticize the country’s
farming practices. At the grassroots level, despite the increasing costs of adapting to drier conditions, Brazilian
farmers doubt the claims that lower production results from climate change or deforestation.
Britaldo Soares-Filho, a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author, hopes that concentrating on the
financial effect of deforestation, rather than abstract modelling, can change farmers’ minds. Sustainable farming
practices, he urges, are in the economic interests of agribusiness.
51．How does the author develop paragraph 2?
A．By listing statistics. B．By citing a saying.
C．By making an assumption. D．By introducing a concept.
52．Which is close to the underlined idiom “a tall order” in meaning in paragraph 4?
A．A hard nut. B．A big fish.
C．A helping hand. D．A red-letter day.
53．What does Britaldo Soares-Filho mean?
A．Logging contributes to financial increase.
B．Abstract modelling makes a big difference.
C．Clear-cutting puts global food security in great danger.
D．Farmers should focus on the financial impact of deforestation.
54．What is the best title for the text?
A．Deforestation: it boosts revenues?
B．Water cycle: it disturbs agriculture?
C．Climate change: it worsens rainforest?
D．Reforesting: it relieves global warming?
【答案】51．A 52．A 53．D 54．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了巴西亚马孙雨林的砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响。
51．推理判断题。根据第二段“The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to
reduced crop production, resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019. The net
原创精品资源学科网2独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！revenues (收入) for soya beans dropped by 10% over that time, while corn revenues dropped by 20%. Anders
Krogh, a specialist forest adviser at RFN, says these findings demonstrate the danger deforestation poses to global
food security.(报告显示，巴西亚马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006 年至 2019 年期间经济损失总额
约为 10 亿美元。在此期间，大豆的净收入下降了 10%，而玉米的收入下降了 20%。雨林基金会(RFN)的林
业专家顾问安德斯·克罗格(Anders Krogh)表示，这些发现表明，森林砍伐对全球粮食安全构成了威胁。)”可
知，作者在该段中通过列出具体的统计数据，如经济损失总额、大豆和玉米的收入下降百分比等，来支持
其观点。故选 A。
52．词句猜测题。根据上文“Plus, reforesting could even change rainfall trends: the report concludes that if the
Brazilian state of Pará were to reforest 55,000 km² of farming land, the rain could come on average five days earlier,
and up to 19 in some areas.(此外，重新造林甚至可以改变降雨趋势：报告得出结论，如果巴西帕拉州能够对
5.5 万平方公里的耕地进行重新造林，那么雨水可能会平均提前 5 天到来，在某些地区甚至可能提前 19 天
到来。)”和“though(不过)”可知，就目前而言，这似乎是一个难题。由此可知，“a tall order”指的是一个难以
实
现或要求过高的任务，即一个难题。选项 A“一个难题”符合题意。故选 A。
53．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Britaldo Soares-Filho, a researcher at UFMG and the report’s lead author, hopes
that concentrating on the financial effect of deforestation, rather than abstract modelling, can change farmers’
minds.(UFMG 的研究员、该报告的主要作者布里塔尔多·索阿雷斯·菲略希望，把注意力集中在森林砍伐的经
济影响上，而不是抽象的建模上，可以改变农民的想法。)”可知，Britaldo Soares-Filho 认为农民应该关注森
林砍伐对经济的影响。故选 D。
54．主旨大意题。根据第一段“But a study released in October by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG)
and Rainforest Foundation Norway (RFN) shows the extent to which deforestation is hurting farmers too.(但米纳
斯吉拉斯联邦大学(UFMG)和挪威雨林基金会(RFN)10 月发布的一项研究显示，森林砍伐对农民的伤害程度
也很大。)”和第二段“The report shows that the practice of clear-cutting in the Brazilian Amazon led to reduced
crop production, resulting in total economic losses of about $1 billion between 2006 and 2019.(报告显示，巴西亚
马孙地区的皆伐导致农作物产量减少，2006 年至 2019 年期间经济损失总额约为 10 亿美元。)”可知，文章
主要讨论了森林砍伐对农业生产及经济的影响，选项 A“砍伐森林：它能增加收入？”这个标题能够引发读者
对森林砍伐与农民收入之间关系的思考，与短文的主题紧密相关。故选 A。
2（. 2025·河北省沧州市盐山县河北省盐山中学高三月考）Wild African elephants address each other
with
name-like calls, a rare ability among nonhuman animals, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology and
原创精品资源学科网2独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！Evolution.
The researchers from Save the Elephants, a research and conservation organization based in Kenya, used
machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contained a name-like component identifying the intended recipient.
When the researchers played back recorded calls, elephants responded to calls that were addressed to them by
calling back or approaching the speaker. Calls meant for other elephants received less of a reaction.
“Elephants are expressive animals,” said George Wittemyer, an author of the study, “and their reactions are
easy to read to those familiar with them. When the researchers played back samples, the elephants responded
energetically and positively to recordings of their friends and family members calling to them but did not react
enthusiastically or move toward calls directed to others, demonstrating that they recognized their names.”
The study lasted four years and included 14 months of fieldwork in Kenya, with the researchers following
elephants in a vehicle and recording their vocalizations. About 470 distinct calls were collected from 101 unique
callers corresponding with 117 unique receivers in Samburu National Reserve and Amboseli National Park.
The researchers said much more data would be needed to distinguish the names within the calls and
determine whether elephants name other things they interact with, like food, water and places. “Unfortunately, we
can’t have them speak into microphones,” Wittemyer said, noting the barriers to collecting enough data.
New insights into elephant communication revealed by the study strengthen the case for their conservation,
the researchers said. Elephants are classified as endangered, due to hunting and habitat loss. Because of their size,
they need a lot of space and can be destructive to property and dangerous to people.
While conversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that being able to talk with them could
be a game changer for their protection.
74．How did the researchers draw their conclusion?
A．By identifying the intended recipients’ family.
B．By analyzing the researchers’ calls with machines.
C．By referring to an expert’s personal experience.
D．By observing elephants’ reaction to played calls.
75．What do the researchers need to do next?
A．Classify the species of elephants. B．Collect sufficient elephants’ calls.
C．Keep elephants away from people. D．Change elephants’ calls randomly.
原创精品资源学科网2独7 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！76．What is Wittemyer’s opinion on people’s communicating with elephants?
A．It will be a reality soon. B．It is of great significance.
C．It remains impossible forever. D．It is useless to their protection.
77．Where does the text most probably appear?
A．In a science magazine. B．In a biology textbook.
C．In an animal care guide. D．In an interview.
【答案】74．D 75．B 76．B 77．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，即野生非洲大象会用类似名字的叫声来互
相称呼，这是非人类动物中罕见的能力。
74．细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers from Save the Elephants, a research and conservation
organization based in Kenya, used machine learning to confirm that elephant calls contained a name-like
component identifying the intended recipient. When the researchers played back recorded calls, elephants
responded to calls that were addressed to them by calling back or approaching the speaker. Calls meant for other
elephants received less of a reaction.(来自肯尼亚研究和保护组织‘拯救大象’的研究人员使用机器学习来确认
大象的叫声中包含了一个类似名字的成分，用以识别预期的接收者。当研究人员播放录制的叫声时，大象
会对针对它们的叫声做出回应，通过回叫或靠近扬声器。而针对其他大象的叫声则反应较少。)”可知，研究
人员是通过观察大象对播放的叫声的反应得出结论的。故选 D。
75．推理判断题。根据第五段“The researchers said much more data would be needed to distinguish the
names within the calls and determine whether elephants name other things they interact with, like food, water and
places. ‘Unfortunately, we can’t have them speak into microphones,’ Wittemyer said, noting the barriers to
collecting enough data.(研究人员表示，需要更多的数据来区分叫声中的名字，并确定大象是否会为它们互动
的其他事物命名，比如食物、水和地方。Wittemyer 说:‘不幸的是，我们不能让它们对着麦克风说话。’他指出
了收集足够数据的障碍。)”可推知，研究人员接下来需要收集足够的大象叫声。故选 B。
76．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While conversing with them remains a distant dream, Wittemyer said that
being able to talk with them could be a game changer for their protection.(虽然与它们交谈仍然是一个遥远的梦
想，但 Wittemyer 表示，能够与它们交谈可能会改变它们保护的局面。)”可知，Wittemyer 认为人与大象交
流具有重要意义。故选 B。
77．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wild African elephants address each other with name-like calls, a rare ability
原创精品资源学科网2独8 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！among nonhuman animals, according to a new study published in Nature Ecology and Evolution.(根据发表在《自
然·生态与进化》杂志上的一项新研究，野生非洲大象会用类似名字的叫声来互相称呼，这是非人类动物中
罕见的能力。)”可推知，文章介绍了一项新的科学研究，最可能出现在一本科学杂志上。故选 A。
3.（2025·辽宁省沈阳市高三上学期一模）In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read
one of two articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information. Those who read an article that
had “just the facts” preserved more misconceptions than those who read an article with a refutation — meaning it
specifically pointed out the false claims before presenting the facts.
For this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in
water. The students then read two articles: one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the
other presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease. The participants all read
the same misinformation, but different groups read an article with the correct information either in a traditional
“just the facts” style or one that first refuted the misinformation. The study also tested the effects of having the
participants read the correct article before, or after, the misinformation.
A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions — but the group that performed
the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text. Those who had read the refutation
article either before, or after, the misinformation had fewer misconceptions. They also had more positive emotions
toward the subject.
With large amounts of information easily available online, it can be hard for many people to sort fact from
falsehood. This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution” — when learning incorrect information gives
rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information. “Your mind doesn’t discriminate for content.
Whether it’s a correct conception or a misconception, it just absorbs it,” Danielson, a psychology researcher, says.
Researchers like him are looking for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation. This
study and others prove that a refutation approach is prospective. Researchers also perceive the refutational approach
works well for topics from physics and chemistry to highly political ones.
1．What do we know about the student participants in the study?
A．They were divided into two groups. B．They got misinformation first.
C．They were shown right information. D．They read the same two articles.
2．In what order did the poorest-performing group read the articles?
原创精品资源学科网2独9 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！A．Misinformation first, then refutation. B．“Just the facts” first, then misinformation.
C．Refutation first, then misinformation. D．Misinformation first, then “just the facts”.
3．What does the underlined word “noise” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Correction. B．Disturbance. C．Occurrence. D．Comprehension.
4．How does the text develop?
A．Fact — Contrast — Explanation — Expectation B．Introduction — Process —
Result — Conclusion
C．Background — Problem — Analysis — Solution D．Topic — Classification —
Discussion — Outcome
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是一项关于信息纠正方式对大学生学习正确科学知识影响的研
究。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two
articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information.(在一项研究中，152 名接触到错误信息的
大学生阅读了两篇旨在提供正确和科学支持信息的文章中的一篇)”可知，参与研究的学生首先得到的是错误
信息。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four conditions —
but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts” type text.(测试后
结果显示，学生在所有四种情况下都有所学习——但表现最差的一组是先看到了错误信息，然后是“仅事实”
类型的文本)”可知，表现最差的一组阅读文章的顺序是首先是错误信息，然后才是“事实”。故选 D。
3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段“With large amounts of information easily available online, it can be hard for
many people to sort fact from falsehood. This can cause a problem called “conceptual pollution”—when learning
incorrect information gives rise to intervention and confusion in learning the correct information.(由于大量信息可
以在网上轻松获取，许多人很难区分事实和虚假。这可能会导致一个被称为“概念污染”的问题——当学习不
正确的信息时，会导致在学习正确信息时的干预和混乱)”和划线词后的“of misinformation(错误信息的)”可知，
划线词所在句子表示“像他这样的研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息干扰的科学教学方法”，noise 意为“干
扰”，和 disturbance 意思相近。故选 B。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“In a study, 152 college students exposed to misinformation read one of two
原创精品资源学科网3独0 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！articles intended to give correct and scientifically backed information.(在一项研究中，152 名接触到错误信息的
大学生阅读了两篇旨在提供正确和科学支持信息的文章中的一篇。)”可知，第一段引出了话题，根据第二段
“For this study, researchers first tested what the student participants knew about putting fluoride (氟化物) in water.
The students then read two articles: one with false information saying that fluoridation is harmful and the other
presenting the scientific ideas that fluoridation is safe and prevents dental disease.(在这项研究中，研究人员首先
测试了学生参与者对于在水中添加氟化物（fluoride）的了解程度。然后，学生们阅读了两篇文章：一篇包
含错误信息，声称氟化是有害的；另一篇则提出了科学的观点，认为氟化是安全的，可以预防牙科疾病)”
可知，第二段说明了研究的过程，根据第三段“A post-test revealed that the students still learned under all four
conditions——but the group that performed the worst had seen the misinformation followed by a “just the facts”
type text.(测试后结果显示，学生在所有四种情况下都有所学习——但表现最差的一组是先看到了错误信息，
然后是“仅事实”类型的文本)”可知，第三段说明的是研究结果，根据最后一段“Researchers like him are looking
for ways to teach science that break through the noise of misinformation. This study and others prove that a
refutation approach is prospective. Researchers also perceive the refutational approach works well for topics from
physics and chemistry to highly political ones.(像他这样的研究人员正在寻找能够突破错误信息干扰的科学教
学方法。这项研究以及其他研究都证明，反驳的方法是有前景的。研究人员还认为，反驳的方法在物理、
化学乃至高度政治性的话题上都行之有效)”可知，文章是按“引言—过程—结果—结论”的顺序展开的。故选
B。
题型五 阅读理解之推理判断---作者的写作态度
1.（2025·安徽省淮北市和淮南市高三第一次质量检测）Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the
“world’s most advanced pen” that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand. The Groningen-based company today
announced a fresh cash injection of €1. 5 million to promote the development of the product, which uses an inbuilt
camera system, motion sensors, and artificial intelligence to capture text written on paper.
“Just write, and Nuwa Pen digitizes, ” Marc Tuinier, Nuwa's CEO, told us. All the notes are then stored on
the startup’s app. They can then be organized, shared, and integrated with other apps. A particularly fascinating
feature is intelligent notes, which scans and identifies rich text items such as dates, to-dos, and phone numbers from
the notes. Users can then link the data with, for instance, their calendar, to-do app, or phone book. The feature is
integrated with over 50 apps. Nuwa compares it to a personal assistant that puts you on top of your schedule.
Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen and notebook. While many smart
原创精品资源学科网3独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！pens only work on screens or digital writing systems, Nuwa promises adaptability with every type of paper. The
product also uses regular ink refills. “Other smart pen brands rely on special dotted paper to recognize what the user
is writing, so you’ll also be stuck buying their paper, ” Tuinier said. “Nuwa Pen can be used on any paper. ”
The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28 grams — about as much as a single
AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous writing. Three tiny cameras are used to
digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors. All the data is then processed directly on the device. “Capturing
handwriting from these sensors in the pen itself, while a pen is constantly moving, is an extremely difficult task to
get right — and we’ve done it, ” Tuinier said. By combining the trusty old ballpoint pen with the digital world,
Nuwa hopes that it can solve one of those needs. The device is now available for pre-order.
82．What is the primary function of the Nuwa Pen?
A．Intergrating pens with other apps. B．Organizing handwritten notes digitally.
C．Combining all apps into a single platform. D．Providing a solution for personal schedules.
83．Who is the Nuwa Pen’s main target buyer?
A．People who prefer typing over handwriting.
B．People who show interest in smart ink refills.
C．People who have an extra budget for paper purchase.
D．People who appreciate traditional pen and paper writing.
84．Why does the author list a series of numbers in the last paragraph?
A．To show how portable the device is. B．To explain the structure of the cameras.
C．To demonstrate the device’s operating time. D．To describe the materials used in the device.
85．What is the author’s attitude towards the Nuwa Pen?
A．Doubtful. B．Uncertain. C．Neutral. D．Enthusiastic.
【答案】82．B 83．D 84．A 85．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。荷兰初创公司 Nuwa 发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数字
化。文章介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等。
82．细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Dutch startup Nuwa claims to have invented the“world’s most advanced pen”
that digitizes (数字化) notes written by hand.(荷兰初创公司 Nuwa 声称已经发明了“世界上最先进的笔”，可以
将手写的笔记数字化。)”可知，Nuwa 笔的主要功能是数字化整理手写笔记。故选 B 项。
原创精品资源学科网3独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！83．细节理解题。根据第三段的句子“Nuwa is targeting the product at people who still enjoy writing with a pen
and notebook.(Nuwa 的目标客户是那些仍然喜欢用笔和笔记本写字的人。)”可知，Nuwa Pen 的主要目标客
户是喜欢用传统的纸和笔书写的人。故选 D 项。
84．推理判断题。根据最后一段的句子“The Nuwa system is built around tiny design. The device weighs just 28
grams — about as much as a single AA battery — but provides enough power for two hours of continuous
writing. Three tiny cameras are used to digitize the text with 2 mm×2 mm sensors.( Nuwa 系统是围绕微小设计
而构建的。这款设备的重量只有 28 克，大约相当于一节 AA 电池的重量，但它提供的电量足以连续书写两
小时。三个微型相机用 2 个 mm×2 毫米的传感器将文本数字化。)”可知，作者在最后一段列出一系列数字
是为了展示这种笔的小巧，说明这个设备的便携性。故选 A 项。
85．推理判断题。本文介绍的是荷兰初创公司 Nuwa 发明的“世界上最先进的笔”，它可以将手写的笔记数
字化。作者介绍了这种笔的工作原理和优点等，未表达自己的观点，所以作者的态度是中立的。故选 C 项。
2.（2025·湖南省娄底市娄底市名校联盟高三月考）In Mirabella, a 20-storey “university retirement
community” at Arizona State University (ASU), a group of men and women sit attentively in class, writing notes or
taking photos of the slides. But the hearing aids hint at how unusual this class is. Mirabella is home to over 300
retirees. When it opened in 2020, the senior-living facility was nearly fully subscribed. Most residents get a
university pass, which allows them to attend the same classes and cultural events as students, without having to take
exams. Golf trucks can drive them around the campus, though many are still fit enough to mountain bike.
In their dorms, restaurants serve good food and the facilities include an art studio, a pool and gym, and a
games room. Only the second floor feels institutional, with a memory-care centre and rooms for residents who need
round-the-clock attention. This is part of a wider trend. An estimated 85 colleges in America provide some forms of
senior living. The idea sprang from two college presidents who wanted to retire on campus in the 1980s. Today,
universities offer senior-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000 older Americans living like this.
With more than 10,000 baby-boomers in America turning 65 every day, the opportunity for alternative forms
of retirement is large. Compared with previous generations, boomers are wealthy, educated and picky. They want to
remain active, stimulated and not locked away. These wishes can all be met on a university campus.
For universities, welcoming retirees can make sense, too. Nationally, undergraduate enrolment has dropped.
The smartest universities provide continued care-including for the very last stage of life. Bill, an 80-year-old former
newspaper editor, moved to Mirabella with his wife two years ago. They have made friends with residents and with
原创精品资源学科网3独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！younger students. “Being among young people is really invigorating,” said Bill. At a discussion group about AI,
one of the topics was whether a lifespan of 200 or 250 years would be desirable. “The 20-year-olds were
enthusiastic,” he reflected, but those in their 70s and 80s had some reservations.
7．What implies the difference of the group of people attending class in Mirabella?
A．They don’t take notes in class. B．They take photos of the lectures.
C．Some of them wear hearing aids. D．They have their own institutions.
8．What’s the trend described in the text?
A．Colleges provide senior living services. B．Senior professors remain active in class.
C．Baby-boomers have changed social norms. D．Seniors come back to class for education.
9．What does the underlined word “invigorating” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Astonishing. B．Demanding. C．Depressing. D．Inspiring.
10．How does the author view the universities’ welcome of retirees?
A．Negatively. B．Positively. C．Indifferently. D．Objectively.
【答案】7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国一些大学为老年人提供退休生活服务的现象，并分析了这一
趋势的原因及其对老年人和大学双方的益处。
7．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But the hearing aids hint at how unusual this class is.(但是助听器暗示了这
个班级有多么不寻常)”可知，有些人戴着助听器，这暗示了参加弥拉贝拉课堂的人群的不同之处。故选 C
项。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Today, universities offer senior-living arrangements, with as many as 20,000
older Americans living like this(如今，大学提供老年生活安排，多达 2 万名美国老年人过着这样的生活)”可
知，文本描述的趋势是大学提供老年生活服务。故选 A 项。
9．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“They have made friends with residents and with younger students. (他们和居
民以及年轻学生交朋友)”以 及“Being among young people is really…,”said Bill.(和年轻人在一起真的很……，
比尔说)”可知，他们和居民以及年轻学生交朋友，由此可推知他们和年轻人在一起感到生机勃勃，invigorating
的意思是“感到生机勃勃的”，与 D 项“Inspiring(鼓舞人心的)”含义接近。故选 D 项。
10．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“For universities, welcoming retirees can make sense, too. (对大学来说，
欢迎退休人员也是有道理的)”可知作者认为对大学来说，欢迎退休人员也是有道理的，可推知，作者对大
原创精品资源学科网3独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！学欢迎退休人员的态度是积极的。故选 B 项。
3.（2025·安徽省阜阳市高三教学质量统测）Meta has announced third-party AR filters (滤镜) will no
longer be available on its apps, including Instagram, as of January 2025.
Filters have become a key feature on Instagram. The most popular of these — which often involve
beautifying the user’s appearance — are created by users themselves via the Meta Spark Studio. However, the use
of beautifying AR filters has long been connected to worsened mental health and body image problems in young
women.
So, why wait until now to remove a popular but controversial (有争议的) technology? In April 2024, Meta
added a US $35-40 billion investment in the technology and is pulling AR technology in-house. Filters will not be
going away altogether on Instagram. First-party filters created by Meta will continue to be available. At present, the
140 filters available on Instagram’s official account are insignificant compared to the library of millions of filters
created by third-parties and these official filters do not feature any beautifying ones.
The removal of third-party filters will see complex and realistic beautifying filters gone from Meta platforms.
However, this is hardly cause for celebration.
Now, after having access to AR filters on Instagram for seven years, users are even more habituated to their
presence. They also have many more alternatives to access a version of the technology inside another app.
When people post with a filter on Instagram, a watermark that links to the filter and its creator appears on the
image. This watermark is important to assist users in determining whether someone’s appearance is changed or not.
Some users get around the watermark by downloading their filtered photo, and re-uploading it so their filtered
appearance is more difficult to detect. By removing popular beauty filters from Instagram, this practice will become
the default (默认的) way for users to post with these filters on the platform.
The removal of beauty filters on Instagram will not stop their use. Instead, it will drive users to other
platforms to access filters. These filters will be more sophisticated and harder to detect when they are re-posted
cross platform, without the benefit of having the watermark indicator.
5．What change has Meta made to its AR strategy?
A．It will release beautifying filters in the near future.
B．It has reduced the variety of third-party filters available.
C．It has decided to develop AR technology independently.
原创精品资源学科网3独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！D．It will continue investing in third-party filter development.
6．What might Meta’s decision about AR filters lead to?
A．Higher quality of third-party filters. B．Enhanced regulation on AR technology.
C．Users’ greater reliance on alternative apps. D．Users’ increasing use of Meta’s official filters.
7．What can be inferred about Instagram’s watermark?
A．It seems to be ineffective. B．It brings users lots of trouble.
C．It’s hard to notice by one’s eyes. D．It’s a good way to prevent identity theft.
8．What is the author’s attitude to Meta’s decision on AR filters?
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Favorable. D．Doubtful.
【答案】5．C 6．C 7．A 8．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了 Meta 公司关于其 AR 滤镜策略的改变，即决定在 2025 年 1 月起，
包括 Instagram 在内的应用将不再提供第三方 AR 滤镜。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, the use of beautifying AR filters has long been connected to worsened
mental health and body image problems in young women.(然而，使用美化 AR 滤镜长期以来都与年轻女性的心
理健康和身体形象问题恶化有关)”和第三段“In April 2024, Meta added a US $35-40 billion investment in the
technology and is pulling AR technology in-house. Filters will not be going away altogether on Instagram.
First-party filters created by Meta will continue to be available.(2024 年 4 月，Meta 在这项技术上追加了 350 亿
至 400 亿美元的投资，并将 AR 技术引入公司内部。Instagram 上的滤镜不会完全消失。由 Meta 创建的第一
方滤镜将继续可用)”可知，Meta 决定独立开发 AR 技术，而不是继续依赖第三方滤镜。故选 C。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段“Now, after having access to AR filters on Instagram for seven years, users are even
more habituated to their presence. They also have many more alternatives to access a version of the technology
inside another app.(现在，在 Instagram 上使用 AR 滤镜七年后，用户更加习惯了它们的存在。他们还有更多
的选择来访问另一个应用程序中的该技术版本)”可知，Meta 关于 AR 滤镜的决定可能会导致用户更加依赖
替代应用程序来访问类似的滤镜功能。故选 C。
7．推理判断题。根据第六段“Some users get around the watermark by downloading their filtered photo, and
re-uploading it so their filtered appearance is more difficult to detect.(一些用户通过下载他们的过滤照片，然后
重新上传来绕过水印，这样他们的过滤外观就更难被检测到)”可推知，Instagram 的水印似乎并不那么有效，
因为用户可以找到方法绕过它。故选 A。
原创精品资源学科网3独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The removal of beauty filters on Instagram will not stop their use. Instead, it will
drive users to other platforms to access filters. These filters will be more sophisticated and harder to detect when
they are re-posted cross platform, without the benefit of having the watermark indicator.(Instagram 上移除美颜滤
镜并不会阻止人们使用它们。相反，这将促使用户转向其他平台来获取滤镜。当这些滤镜跨平台重新发布时，
它们将更加复杂，更难被检测到，因为没有水印指示器的优势)”可知，作者认为 Meta 的决定并不能有效阻
止美颜滤镜的使用，反而可能导致用户转向其他平台，使用更复杂、更难检测的滤镜，这表明作者对 Meta
的决定持怀疑态度。故选 D。
题型六 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章出处
1.（2025·湖南省长沙市高三新高考适应性考试）Nowadays some documentaries kind of blow viewers
away with their unique shooting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks among them for 2024.
● Fantasy Westward Journey
Chief Director: Liu Yile Length: Six Episodes
Producers: Chen Xiaoyu Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili
This film series is the first game documentary created by NetEase and a CCTV production team. It shows the
integration of video game production with traditional shadow play art, ancient building restoration techniques, and
movable-type printing, which embodies the connection between Chinese intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化
遗产) and video game production.
● Beautiful Guangdong and Wild Lingnan
Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao Length: Five Episodes
Producers: Nanfang Metropolis Daily, N video Broadcasting Platforms: Tencent Video, Bilibili
Rich with mountains, coasts and valleys, Lingnan area in the south of China is blessed with thousands of
recorded animals and plants. This documentary series focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful
scenery and vitality of wild creatures native to Guangdong Province.
● A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)
Directors: Jia Li, Liang Shuai Length: Ten Episodes
Producers: I-TALK Broadcasting Platforms: Bilibili
This documentary is the first on-the-spot interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in
China. Each episode features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the
原创精品资源学科网3独7 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！construction site, filming the moment of inspiration and the spirit of the modern era. It aims to show a deep
understanding of the essence of architecture—it is not only the presentation of the architect’s design, but also a
shared space that everyone can interact with through body and mind.
7．Who document various wild creatures in the southern China?
A．Liu Yile and Chen XiaoyuJia B．Li and Liang Shuai
C．Rong Mingchang and Liu Jiangtao D．Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning
8．What is special about A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)?
A．It broadcasts on Bilibili. B．It features face-to-face talks.
C．It presents restoration skills. D．It showcases the modern art.
9．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．A magazine. B．A brochure. C．A report. D．A textbook.
【答案】7．C 8．B 9．A
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了 2024 年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括《梦幻西游》《大美广东
野性岭南》以及《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》，分别介绍了它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的
特色内容。
7．细节理解题。根据“Beautiful Guangdong and Wild Lingnan”部分中“Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao
Length: Five Episodes; This documentary series focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful scenery
and vitality of wild creatures native to Guangdong Province(制片人：荣明昌、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片
系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”可知，制片人荣明昌和刘江涛制作
的《大美广东 野性岭南》这部纪录片聚焦于地理特征，展示了广东省本土野生动物的美丽景色和活力，也
就是他们记录了中国南方的各种野生动物。所以记录中国南方各种野生动物的是荣明昌和刘江涛，故选 C
项。
8．细节理解题。根据“A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)”部分中“This documentary is the first on-the-spot
interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in China. Each episode features an interview with
star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the construction site, filming the moment of inspiration and the
spirit of the modern era(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列片。每集都有对明星建筑师如
马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，《与建筑师的对话（第二季）》这
部纪录片是中国第一部关于建筑领域人物的现场采访系列片，每一集都有在建筑工地对马岩松和李翔宁等
原创精品资源学科网3独8 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！明星建筑师的采访，拍摄灵感瞬间和现代精神。所以它的特别之处在于以面对面的访谈为特色，故选 B 项。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Nowadays some documentaries kind of blow viewers away with their unique
shooting skills and fascinating insights. Here are three picks among them for 2024(如今，一些纪录片以独特的拍
摄技巧和引人入胜的视角震撼着观众。以下是 2024 年其中三部精选之作)”、“Beautiful Guangdong and Wild
Lingnan”部分中“Producers: Rong Mingchang, Liu Jiangtao Length: Five Episodes; This documentary series
focuses on geographical features, presenting the beautiful scenery and vitality of wild creatures native to
Guangdong Province(制片人：荣明章、刘江涛；集数：五集；本纪录片系列聚焦地理风貌，展现广东省本土
野生动植物的美丽景色和生命力)”以及“A Meeting with Architects (Season Ⅱ)”部分中“This documentary
is the first on-the-spot interview series about personalities in the field of architecture in China. Each episode
features an interview with star architects like Ma Yansong and Li Xiangning at the construction site, filming the
moment of inspiration and the spirit of the modern era(本纪录片是中国首部关于建筑领域人物的实地访谈系列
片。每集都有对明星建筑师如马岩松、李晓明等在施工现场的采访，拍摄灵感时刻和现代精神)”可知，文
章主要介绍了 2024 年三部值得一看的纪录片，包括它们的主创人员、时长、播放平台以及各自的特色内容，
这种对不同纪录片的介绍和推荐比较符合杂志的内容范畴，可推理出这篇文章可能取自一本杂志，故选 A
项。
2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）There are always some places that seem to go well
beyond our earthly expectations. These incredible locations are similar to those in science fictions, catching our
imagination and transporting us to otherworldly grounds.
Cappadocia, Turkey
Located in central Anatolia, the area is known for its unusual rock formations known as “fairy chimneys.”
These columns, created by volcanoes and erosion (腐蚀) over millions of years, give the region its otherworldly
appearance.
Tsingy de Bemaraha
The remarkable sight attracts visitors with its unique limestone (石 灰 石 ) formations. Stretching over
1,500-square kilometers, Tsingy, which means “where one cannot walk barefoot,” contains sharp surfaces and
underground caves, forming a dramatic landscape. Adventurers can explore the park via bridges and ladders to
witness the breathtaking beauty of this natural wonder.
Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park
原创精品资源学科网3独9 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！Located in China’s Gansu province, Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park contains landforms that are
one of nature’s masterpieces. Its vivid, rainbow-colored rock formations have been shaped by wind and water
erosion over millions of years. The layers of red, orange and yellow create a landscape that looks as if it were on a
different planet altogether.
Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula
Located within the remarkable landscapes of Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, the cenotes (洞井) present a place
of otherworldly beauty. These natural sinkholes, created by the collapse of their limestone base, open up into
charming underground caves and shining pools. Rays of sunlight dance through the openings in the walls, lighting
up the waters below, telling a tale of nature’s artistry.
Visiting these places not only provides a visual feast, but also reminds us of the incredible wonder here on
Earth.
1．What is unique about Tsingy de Bemaraha?
A．It features sharp grounds. B．It lies partly underground.
C．It witnesses volcanic activities. D．It contains limestone bridges.
2．Where can visitors appreciate colorful rocks?
A．Cappadocia, Turkey.
B．Tsingy de Bemaraha.
C．Zhangye Danxia National Geological Park.
D．Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula.
3．Where is this text probably from?
A．A geography textbook. B．An architecture report.
C．A travel magazine. D．An art album.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个极具视觉冲击力、仿佛超越地球的神奇自然景观，包括位于
土耳其的卡帕多西亚、马达加斯加的贝马拉哈石林、中国的张掖丹霞地貌以及墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，这些地
方展示了自然奇观和地质魅力。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Tsingy, which means “where one cannot walk barefoot,”contains
sharp surfaces and underground caves, forming a dramatic landscape(“Tsingy”意为“不能光脚走的地方”，包
原创精品资源学科网4独0 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！含尖锐的地表和地下洞穴，形成了戏剧性的景观)”可知，Tsingy de Bemaraha 以其尖锐的地表为特征。故选
A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“Its vivid, rainbow-colored rock formations have been shaped by wind
and water erosion over millions of years(它生动的彩虹色岩层是经过数百万年的风化和水蚀形成的)”以及描述
张掖丹霞地貌颜色的“layers of red, orange and yellow(红色、橙色和黄色的多层岩石)”可知，在中国的张掖
丹霞地貌可以观赏到色彩斑斓的岩层。故选 C。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“There are always some places that seem to go well beyond our earthly
expectations. These incredible locations are similar to those in science fictions, catching our imagination and
transporting us to otherworldly grounds.(总有一些地方似乎远远超出了我们世俗的期望。这些令人难以置信的
地点与科幻小说中的相似，激发了我们的想象力，把我们带到另一个世界)”并结合下文可知，文章介绍了
几个极具视觉冲击力、仿佛超越地球的神奇自然景观，包括位于土耳其的卡帕多西亚、马达加斯加的贝马
拉哈石林、中国的张掖丹霞地貌以及墨西哥尤卡坦半岛，这些地方展示了自然奇观和地质魅力。所以推测
短文来自旅游杂志。故选 C 项。
3.（2025·甘肃临夏州高中高三期末质量检测）Perhaps you’ve seen a giant sculpture of a fork, and
wondered, how on Earth is this art? I’ll bet you didn’t dare ask it out loud, for fear of looking awkward. Luckily for
us, Bianca Bosker is willing to dive into the art world in Get the Picture, where she explores the spiritual richness
art itself provides.
She sets out to develop what art lovers call an “Eye” a keen perception (感知) to separate the “good” art
from the“bad”. She finds out that the art world can be tough for people who can’t afford art school and there’s a lot
of mean behavior from those at the top.
Even though Bosker’s experiences might make you feel less sure about art, she keeps looking deeper and
finds out that art can make people happy, whether they’re creating it or just looking at it.
While expanding on the meaning of art, Bosker demonstrates that our brains have a “filter (过滤器)” that
helps us quickly understand the world around us. This filter lets us ignore some things and focus on others. This
filter allows us to take mental shortcuts and dismiss certain visual details to rapidly process our chaotic
environment.
One function of art, Bosker writes, is to remove this filter to reexamine the world with renewed wonder. Art
has a curing quality, a fact that’s seized upon by doctors who will ask the patients to visit art museums. Over two
原创精品资源学科网4独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！dozen medical schools require students to study paintings to avoid jumping to conclusions. Instead of lecturing
from an authoritative angle, Bosker lets readers witness at eye level her growing clarity of art’s function.
In the end, readers don’t get a complete answer for humankind’s fascination with art. Bosker instead offers
her own interpretation: Art is a way to find beauty and heighten our appreciation for life. In laying bare the truth of
an “Eye”. Bosker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as long as we’re open to letting what we see
move us. By the last page, you’ll be forced to revisit that fork sculpture and behold the artwork with fresh eyes.
4．What is the main purpose of Get the Picture?
A．To criticize the sculpture art world. B．To prove that art has no spiritual value.
C．To explain how to appreciate art. D．To argue that art has no curing quality.
5．What does the term “Eye” refer to in the second paragraph?
A．The ability to perceive art critically. B．A physical condition that affects vision.
C．A type of art school training program. D．The way artists sign their own work.
6．What does Bosker suggest in the last paragraph?
A．We should appreciate art with a professional background.
B．We should be open to letting art affect us emotionally.
C．We should focus on the spiritual value of art works.
D．We should visit art museums as often as we can.
7．What is the text?
A．A news report.B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了 Bianca Bosker 的《Get the Picture》一书，介绍了该书的
主题，以及作者在书中的经历和发现。并总结了书的观点，讲述了这本书对读者的启发。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Perhaps you’ve seen a giant sculpture of a fork, and wondered, how
on Earth is this art? I’ll bet you didn’t dare ask it out loud, for fear of looking awkward. Luckily for us, Bianca
Bosker is willing to dive into the art world in Get the Picture, where she explores the spiritual richness art itself
provides.(或许你曾见过一座巨大的餐叉雕塑，心里琢磨着，这究竟怎么就成了艺术？我敢打赌，你不敢大
声问出来，生怕显得自己很外行。对我们来说幸运的是， Bianca Bosker 在《Get the Picture》一书中勇闯艺
术世界，探究艺术本身所蕴含的精神内涵。)”可知，这本书主要是探索艺术的精神内涵，并且培养一种欣
原创精品资源学科网4独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！赏艺术的“慧眼”，即解释如何欣赏艺术。故选 C。
5．推理判断题。根据这个单词所在句“She sets out to develop what art lovers call an “Eye” a keen
perception (感知) to separate the “good” art from the “bad”.(她着手培养艺术爱好者口中“Eye”，即一种敏
锐的感知力，用以区分“好”艺术与“坏”艺术。)”可推测，“Eye”是一种能够敏锐地分辨“好”艺术和
“坏”艺术的感知能力，也就是批判性地感知艺术的能力。故选 A。
6．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Bosker argues that art is everywhere and can be anything, as long as
we’re open to letting what we see move us. By the last page, you’ll be forced to revisit that fork sculpture and
behold the artwork with fresh eyes.(在揭示“Eye”的真谛时，Bosker 主张艺术无处不在，任何事物皆可成为
艺术，只要我们敞开心扉，让所见之物触动自己。读到最后一页，你会忍不住重新审视那座餐叉雕塑，以
全新的眼光去看待这件艺术品。)”可知，Bosker 认为只要我们敞开心扉，让我们看到的艺术作品打动自己，
艺术无处不在，任何事物都可以是艺术，即我们应该开放心态让艺术在情感上影响我们。故选 B。
7．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章开篇引出 Bianca Bosker 的《Get the Picture》这本书，接
着介绍书中作者对艺术的探索，如培养“慧眼”、艺术世界的情况、艺术的功能等内容，最后总结书的观点
及对读者的启发，符合书评对书籍内容进行介绍、分析和评价的特点，所以是一篇书评。故选 B。
题型七 阅读理解之推理判断---推断文章走势
1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考高三月考）You may regard a wave as a common gesture, but
what happens when you wave to your European friend across the street and she turns to walk the other way?
It isn't because your friend is tired of your company. While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly
greeting or goodbye, the same movement is just as likely to express no in parts of Europe and Latin America. The
same dissonance is true of other signals: showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing
inward is inoffensive in most of the world, but it's a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia.
The most common understanding of the subject relates body language to spoken language. Gestures with
specific meanings, while informally called “body language, belong to the field of kinesics(人体动作学), an area of
study that distinguishes these movements from instinctive actions, such as smiling when happy. Developed by Ray
Birdwhistell in the 1950s, kinesics uses the building blocks of linguistics to understand how gestures produce
meaning. As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes(音素), the units of movement that
form kinesic gestures are called kinemes—and, as the same phoneme can communicate a different meaning across
languages, the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures or contexts. For example,
原创精品资源学科网4独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！the thumbs-up kineme indicates praise in North America, but it means something extremely rude in Australia.
There's one more mess in understanding nonverbal communication, though. Although body language isn't
universal, the emotions behind it may be. In a study performed by American researcher Paul Ekman, participants
from the West, insular African communities, and New Guinea were shown a collection of more than 10,000 images
illustrating different facial expressions. When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background,
identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial
expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt.
6．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Comparison. B．Disharmony. C．Theory. D．Discomfort.
7．What is the similarity between body and spoken language?
A．They can be divided into the field of kinesics together.
B．They are based on movements from instinctive actions.
C．They convey different meanings with the same element.
D．They can unite people in different countries and regions.
8．How did Paul Ekman reach his conclusion?
A．By interviewing participants from diverse backgrounds.
B．By asking participants to show many facial expressions.
C．By observing how participants reacted to those images.
D．By judging if participants recognized the same emotions.
9．What might be discussed in the following text?
A．Other types of facial expressions. B．Applications of facial expressions.
C．Drawbacks of Paul Ekman's study. D．Forms of nonverbal communication.
【答案】6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述语言不是通用，但其背后的情感可能是通用的。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“While most Americans interpret a wave as a friendly greeting
or goodbye, the same movement is just as likely to express no in parts of Europe and Latin America.(虽然大多数
美国人认为挥手是友好的问候或再见，但在欧洲和拉丁美洲的部分地区，同样的动作也可能表示“不”)”
及下文“showing the number two by holding up two fingers with the palm facing inward is inoffensive in most of
原创精品资源学科网4独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！the world, but it’s a rude gesture in the United Kingdom and Australia.(在世界上大多数地方，举起两根手指，
掌心朝内表示数字 2 是无害的，但在英国和澳大利亚，这是一种粗鲁的手势。)”可知下文在解释这一名词，
即同一肢体语言，在不通过地方含义不通过，因此推断划线单词含义是“不一致，差异”。故选 B。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段“As the units of sound that form spoken words are called phonemes(音素), the
units of movement that form kinesic gestures are called kinemes — and, as the same phoneme can communicate a
different meaning across languages, the same kineme can also communicate different meanings in different cultures
or contexts.(构成口语的声音单位被称为音素，构成肢体动作的运动单位被称为势位——同样的音素可以在
不同的语言中传达不同的意思，同样的势位也可以在不同的文化或语境中传达不同的意思。)”可知，肢体
语言与口语的相似之处是，它们用同样的元素传达了不同的含义。故选 C。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background,
identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial
expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt.(当 90%的参与者不分文化背景，在
照片中识别出相同的情绪时，Ekman 得出结论，至少有七种通用的面部表情：愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、惊讶、
快乐、悲伤和蔑视。)”可知，Paul Ekman 通过判断参与者是否认识到相同的情绪得出结论。故选 D。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When 90 percent of participants regardless of cultural background,
identified the same emotions in the photos, Ekman concluded that there were at least seven universal facial
expressions: anger, disgust, fear, surprise, happiness, sadness, and contempt.(当 90%的参与者不分文化背景，在
照片中识别出相同的情绪时，Ekman 得出结论，至少有七种通用的面部表情：愤怒、厌恶、恐惧、惊讶、
快乐、悲伤和蔑视。)”可知，Paul Ekman 发现，在不通过文化背景下，有些面部表情是通用的，因此可以
推断接下来要讲述这些通用的面部表情可以有哪些应用。故选 B。
2.（2025·山东省济宁市高三上学期 1 月期末）People’s tendency to follow trends, especially on social
media — even when they look silly or take risks doing so — is definitely a common phenomenon. What does
psychology say about trend following — and is there a way to break free from the desire to follow the newest
craze?
According to Psychologist Pamela B．Rutledge, following trends isn’t a sign of character weakness or mental
instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavior embedded in humanity’s fundamental need to belong to a social
group and establish connections with others.
Historically, following trends was crucial for our survival. Archaeologists have uncovered evidence that
原创精品资源学科网4独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！early humans worked together to transport stone tools over long distances about two million years ago in what is
now Kenya — cooperation that allowed them to survive in a severe environment. And though following a trend on
social media isn’t exactly as important as outrunning a saber-toothed tiger, human evolution has programmed our
brains to be receptive to social signals.
Another contributing factor the social cognition (认知) — the processes that determine what we notice and
how we respond to others — largely takes place in the parts of the brain that oversee sight, pattern recognition,
decision-making, empathy, and similar functions. “Thanks to our humans’ complex cognitive systems, our brains
are really good at identifying patterns and stimulating behavior that communicates our social status. As a result,
you can use almost anything to signal your membership or affiliation with a social group. Giving off the right social
signals lets others know which group you belong to or want to engage with — and those signals are monitored and
interpreted by others. Referred to as identity signaling, these behaviors can range from putting a bumper sticker on
a car to selecting a brand of clothing,” said Rutledge.
Almost everyone follows trends in social groups, without exception. However, tweens, teenagers, and young
adults are especially likely to follow trends, including risky ones, due to their heightened desire for acceptance and
belonging among peers. Therefore, it’s of great significance to guide them during their journey towards maturity.
1．What does Rutledge think of following trends?
A．Changeable. B．Reasonable. C．Odd. D．Risky.
2．Why did early humans prefer to follow trends?
A．To remove mental weakness. B．To show their social status.
C．To live through difficulties. D．To expand their population.
3．What is the hidden meaning of identity signaling?
A．Good taste in fashion. B．Blind pursuit of novelty.
C．A true reflection of personality. D．A keen thirst for belonging.
4．What will the follow-up paragraph most probably talk about?
A．Tips on embracing trends sensibly. B．Insights into forthcoming trends.
C．Parental guidance in kids’ future jobs. D．Psychology behind trend adoption.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人们跟随潮流的心理现象及原因。
原创精品资源学科网4独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“According to Psychologist Pamela B. Rutledge, following trends isn’
t a sign of character weakness or mental instability. Rather, it is an entirely natural behavior embedded in humanity’
s fundamental need to belong to a social group and establish connections with others.(根据心理学家 Pamela B.
Rutledge 的说法，跟风并不是性格软弱或精神不稳定的表现。相反，这是一种完全自然的行为，根植于人类
属于一个社会群体并与他人建立联系的基本需求)”可知，Rutledge 认为跟随潮流是合理的。故选 B。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Historically, following trends was crucial for our survival.(从历史上看，追
随趋势对我们的生存至关重要)”可推知，早期人类跟随潮流主要是为了在困难中生存。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Thanks to our humans’complex cognitive systems, our brains are really good
at identifying patterns and stimulating behavior that communicates our social status. As a result, you can use almost
anything to signal your membership or affiliation with a social group. Giving off the right social signals lets others
know which group you belong to or want to engage with— and those signals are monitored and interpreted by
others. Referred to as identity signaling, these behaviors can range from putting a bumper sticker on a car to
selecting a brand of clothing,”said(由于人类复杂的认知系统，我们的大脑非常擅长识别模式和刺激能够传达
我们社会地位的行为。因此，你几乎可以用任何东西来表明你与一个社会团体的成员身份或隶属关系。发
出正确的社交信号会让别人知道你属于哪个群体，或者想要参与其中——而这些信号会被其他人监控和解
读。拉特利奇说：“这些行为被称为身份信号，从在汽车保险杠上贴贴纸到选择服装品牌”）可知，身份信
号的隐含意思是属于群体的强烈渴望。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Almost everyone follows trends in social groups, without exception.
However, tweens, teenagers, and young adults are especially likely to follow trends, including risky ones, due to
their heightened desire for acceptance and belonging among peers. Therefore, it’s of great significance to guide
them during their journey towards maturity.(几乎每个人都追随社会群体的潮流，无一例外。然而，青少年和年
轻人特别容易追随潮流，包括冒险的，因为他们渴望被同龄人接受和归属感。因此，引导他们走向成熟具
有重要意义)”可推知，接下来的段落可能会讨论理性接纳潮流的建议。故选 A。
Passage 1
1.（2025·广东省深圳市罗湖区高三期末）I have been studying the French language for three years. This
field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply
原创精品资源学科网4独7 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not
always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively.
But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went
to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words
are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each
misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt
it when I first arrived Paris.
I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making
mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of
who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The
transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey.
Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel
a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious,
for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I
encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better
versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing.
1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French?
A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding.
2．Why does the author emphasize feelings?
A．To highlight his struggles in learning French.
B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth.
C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts.
D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation.
3．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The lows are always followed by highs.
B．Feeling confident should be made a norm.
C．Struggles are an essential part of learning.
D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
48 / 974．Which statement might the author probably agree with?
A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness.
C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误与成长之间的关系，以及这些经历
对个人成长的重要性。
1． 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated
grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. (我说得不流利。我听错单词。我真
的不会使用复杂的语法。但我的话完全可以理解，并且达到了目的。)”以及最后一段中“These moments of
confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝
贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他
意识到自己的进步，故作者认为在法语中犯错是值得的。故选 D。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not
the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who
you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning
a life-changing journey. (对犯错误的恐惧滋养了绝望，使学习者放弃。难的不是语言学习本身。难的是你在
当前水平的自我认知，以及你对自己永远会是这样的悲观信念。将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学
习成为改变人生的旅程。)”可知，作者强调感受是为了表明积极的思考可以推动成长，将挣扎转化为成长
的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。故选 B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the
learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through
these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，
是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作
者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长。故选 C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand,
and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of
confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝
贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他
原创精品资源学科网4独9 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！意识到自己的进步；再根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of
the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is
through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程
的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”
可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长，由此可知，作者可能同意“再
试一次，更好地失败”这一观点，即不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习并再次尝试。故选 A。
2（. 2025·山东省济宁市高三期末）“What’s special about our species?” is a question scientists have wrestled
with for centuries. Now an evolutionary anthropologist Thomas Morgan has a new theory that could change the
way we perceive ourselves, and the world.
“It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed
down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are
challenging that and forcing us to rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Morgan.
Just as humans pass on knowledge to our children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she collects a
little mouthful of her mother’s genetic material to start a new family. Even locusts use complex evolving systems to
adapt to local conditions, relying on epigenetic changes — how factors like age and environment can change gene
activity without changing DNA sequence (序列) — to quickly evolve between green or yellow-and-black forms
based on overpopulation.
So, if animals do have evolving cultures, then what’s special about human culture? Morgan pointed out that
we humans are so special because of our “open-endedness” — our ability to communicate and understand an
infinite number of possibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability to easily imagine complicated sequences or
subgoals limits their way of thinking.
“For example, when I’m making my boys’ breakfast in the morning, it’s a nested, multi-step process. First, I
need to get the bowls and pots and other equipment. Then I put the ingredients in the pot, all in the right amounts
and order, cook it, monitoring temperature until it reaches the right consistency, and then serve it up. Each of these
steps is a subgoal. This complex procedure is hard for animals to interpret,” said Morgan.
When it comes to the limit of this system, human brains just keep going, which allows us to perform a
near-infinite set of behaviors — this is open-endedness.
1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
原创精品资源学科网5独0 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！A．The human culture. B．The common belief.
C．The latest discovery. D．The new species.
2．What can be learned in paragraph 3?
A．The fittest are likely to survive best. B．DNA’ s sequence is basically unstable.
C．Culture accumulation isn’t exclusive to humans. D．Parents attach importance to
children’ s education.
3．Why does Morgan cite the breakfast-making example?
A．To display his superb cooking skills. B．To explain the complexity of cooking.
C．To stress the importance of goal-setting. D．To show animals’ struggle with subgoals.
4．Which can best describe the core of human open-endedness?
A．Orderly. B．Boundless. C．Consistent. D．Inclusive.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的研究发现动物也有不断进行的文化，说明了人类文化的特
别之处以及特点。
1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared
body of knowledge passed down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but
our new discoveries are challenging(人们基本上认为，是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积
累和进化使我们与众不同，但我们的新发现正在挑战)”可知，but 表示转折，上文提到人们普遍信念是人类
文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但是新发现挑战了这一普遍信
念。故 that 指的是“普遍的信念”。故选 B。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Just as humans pass on knowledge to our children, when a new queen leafcutter ant
hatches, she collects a little mouthful of her mother’s genetic material to start a new family. Even locusts use
complex evolving systems to adapt to local conditions, relying on epigenetic changes — how factors like age and
environment can change gene activity without changing DNA sequence (序列) — to quickly evolve between
green or yellow-and-black forms based on overpopulation.(就像人类把知识传给我们的孩子一样，当一只新的切
叶蚁蚁后孵化出来时，它会收集一小口母亲的遗传物质来组建一个新的家庭。即使是蝗虫也使用复杂的进
化系统来适应当地条件，依靠表观遗传变化——年龄和环境等因素如何在不改变 DNA 序列的情况下改变基
因活性——在种群过剩的基础上快速进化成绿色或黄黑相间的形式)”可知，蚂蚁和蝗虫也可以积累文化，
原创精品资源学科网5独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！即文化积累不是人类独有的。故选 C。
3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Morgan pointed out that we humans are so special because of our
“open-endedness” — our ability to communicate and understand an infinite number of possibilities in life,
whereas animals’ inability to easily imagine complicated sequences or subgoals limits their way of thinking.(摩根
指出，我们人类之所以如此特别，是因为我们的“开放性”——我们有能力沟通和理解生活中无数的可能性，
而动物无法轻易想象复杂的序列或子目标，这限制了它们的思维方式)”可知，摩根引用做早餐的例子是为
了展示动物在子目标上的挣扎。故选 D。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When it comes to the limit of this system, human brains just keep going, which
allows us to perform a near-infinite set of behaviors— this is open-endedness.(当涉及到这个系统的极限时，人类
的大脑只是继续前进，这允许我们执行近乎无限的行为集——那就是开放性)”可知，人类开放性的核心是
无限的。故选 B。
3（. 2025·山东省德州市第二中学高三月考）Many years ago, I got drunk. The next morning, I told my
dad
what happened. “We had some wine at the restaurant”, I said, “and then some beer. It doesn’t seem enough for me
to feel this bad.” My dad said something I carry with me to this day, “Beer before wine and you’ll feel fine; wine
before beer and you’ll feel queer (奇怪的).”
Out of all the many pieces of advice my father handed down over the years, only a few stick in my memory.
And those are the ones that rhyme. This is known as the “rhyme-as-reason effect”, a cognitive (认 知 的 )
phenomenon with lots of real-life, practical application. There’s a strange fact: You might be able to remember all
the lines of the song from your childhood, yet you can’t remember something that happened last week. When we
use rhymes, we break down details into something that can more easily be stored and recovered.
We often judge rhymes more favorably. Friedrich Nietzsche was a big fan of aphorisms (格言). He wrote a
series of books entirely in aphorisms because he knew that a well-organized turn of phrase cut into your
understanding far quicker than essays. He expressed in one of his books, “We sometimes consider an idea truer
simply because it rhymes and presents itself with a brilliant skip and jump.”
Two psychologists, Matthew McGlone and Jessica Tofighbakhsh, investigated this phenomenon. They
presented their participants with a series of aphorisms — some are rhymed; others not. They discovered that not
only did participants aesthetically (审美上) prefer the rhymed sentences, but they more often considered them more
accurate. Despite participants agreeing that aesthetic qualities don’t represent truth, they couldn’t avoid their own
原创精品资源学科网5独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！prejudice. This led the team to remember the poet John Keats’ line: “Beauty is truth; truth beauty.”
There are two important lessons to learn from this. The first is that rhyming makes for long-term memory. If
you want to remember it, rhyme it. The second is that rhyming doesn’t equal accuracy. My dad’s wisdom might
sound neat but it is based on insufficient evidence. Keep in mind that a nice turn of phrase isn’t necessarily better
than an awkward one.
1．What can we know about the “rhyme-as-reason effect”?
A．It conveys a deeper meaning. B．It is less frequently used nowadays.
C．It makes information more memorable. D．It is inconsistent with childhood memories.
2．Why does the author mention Friedrich Nietzsche in paragraph 3?
A．To prove the influence of his writings.
B．To illustrate people’s preference for rhymes.
C．To show the complexity of his writing style.
D．To encourage the wide use of rhymes and aphorisms.
3．What can be concluded from Matthew and Jessica’s findings?
A．Aesthetic qualities help clarify the fact.
B．People tend to ignore precision in rhymes.
C．Rhymed sentences are usually less trustworthy.
D．Aesthetic qualities likely conflict with people’s judgments.
4．What message does the author want to convey at the end of the text?
A．Treat rhymes with a wise mind.
B．Make good use of factual information.
C．Respect the wisdom of our old generations.
D．Focus on the improvement of long-term memory.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了“押韵即理由效应”（rhyme-as-reason effect）这一认知现象，
分析了押韵如何使信息更易于记忆以及人们为何倾向于认为押韵的句子更准确，并指出要理性对待押韵信
息。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句话“When we use rhymes, we break down details into something that can
原创精品资源学科网5独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！more easily be stored and recovered. (使用韵律时，我们会将细节分解成更容易存储和回忆的内容)”可知，“押
韵即理由效应”（rhyme-as-reason effect）是说利用韵律，细节变得具体化，更容易让人记住信息。故选 C 项。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段落第二、三句“Friedrich Nietzsche was a big fan of aphorisms (格言). He wrote a
series of books entirely in aphorisms because he knew that a well-organized turn of phrase cut into your
understanding far quicker than essays. (弗里德里希·尼采非常喜欢格言。他写了一系列完全由格言组成的书，
因为他知道，一个精心组织的短语比长篇大论更能让人迅速理解其含义)”可知，作者以哲学家尼采进行举
例，说明人们喜欢韵律已经达到可以写全是由格言组成的书的程度。故选 B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句“They discovered that not only did participants aesthetically (审美上)
prefer the rhymed sentences, but they more often considered them more accurate. Despite participants agreeing that
aesthetic qualities don’t represent truth, they couldn’t avoid their own prejudice. (他们发现，参与者不仅在审
美上更喜欢押韵的句子，而且更频繁地认为这些句子更准确。尽管参与者同意审美质量不代表真实，但他
们无法避免自己的偏见)”可知，参与者意识到审美不代表真实，但仍会受审美的影响，从而做出非理性的
判断。由此推知，审美质量可能与人们的判断冲突。故选 D 项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段第四、五句“The second is that rhyming doesn’t equal accuracy. My dad’s wisdom
might sound neat but it is based on insufficient evidence. (第二点是，押韵并不等于准确。我爸的智慧听起来很
巧妙，但它证据不足)”可推知，作者在这里想要友善地提醒读者，押韵虽使人们容易记住东西，但它不一
定准确，要理性对待押韵。故选 A 项。
4.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末）AI is deeply changing the way we produce and work, including
improving production efficiency, optimizing workflow and enhancing work efficiency. It also involves in medical
care, education, transportation and other fields. Be that as it may, what about the downsides? Two experts weigh in.
A recent study showed that one of the most popular AI chatbots has been sharing inaccurate coding and
computer programming advice. This is because generative AI applications such as large language models work,
functionally, as a prediction program. When you ask a question, the AI sifts through (细查) its knowledge base for
relevant information. Then, using that information, it predicts a set of words that it perceives as the desired
response to your question. That prediction is followed by another prediction — another set of words — that it has
been trained to expect should come next, and so on.
But Rayid Ghani, a professor of Machine Learning Department, says that process puts greater emphasis on
probability than truth: Most generative AI models have been trained on large scale of data from across the Internet,
原创精品资源学科网5独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！but nobody has checked the accuracy of those data, nor does the AI understand what is or isn’t a trustworthy source.
When humans make mistakes, Ghani says, it’s easy for us to empathize (共鸣), since we recognize that
people aren’t perfect beings. But we expect our machines to be correct. That makes it very hard for us to forgive AI
when it gets things wrong. But empathy can be a powerful debugging tool: These are human-made systems, after
all.
AI has a water problem — really, an energy problem. A significant amount of heat is generated by the
energy required to power the AI tools that people are increasingly using in their daily personal and professional
lives. As Shaolei Ren, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, is quick to note, cooling down
the data centers requires an enormous amount of water, similar to the amount used by tens of thousands of city
dwellers (居民). Ren believes it will be important for us as individuals and as a society to better understand the real
cost of asking an application like ChatGPT a question.
1．Which of the following would Ghani probably agree with?
A．AI applications serve as large language models.
B．The prediction process of AI is simplified.
C．Humans have tolerance for mistakes of AI.
D．AI models attach greater importance to relevance than precision.
2．What is Ghani’s attitude towards AI?
A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Content. D．Biased.
3．What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph?
A．AI tools are increasingly generating massive water in daily life.
B．The amount of water consumed by AI is equal to that used by citizens.
C．We are supposed to be aware of the environmental impact of AI.
D．Individuals and society should reduce the cost of using AI.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A．To give a brief account of AI. B．To illustrate big issues regarding AI.
C．To honor two outstanding AI experts. D．To clarify the current situation of AI.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 AI 在提高生产效率、优化工作流程和促进工作中的作用，以
原创精品资源学科网5独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！及它可能带来的一些问题。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Most generative AI models have been trained on large scale of data from across
the Internet, but nobody has checked the accuracy of those data, nor does the AI understand what is or isn’t a
trustworthy source.(大多数生成性人工智能模型是在大规模的互联网数据上进行训练的，但没有人检查这些
数据的准确性，AI 也不明白什么是值得信赖的来源)”可推知，Ghani 认为 AI 模型更重视相关性，而非精准
性。故选 D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“But Rayid Ghani, a professor of Machine Learning Department, says that
process puts greater emphasis on probability than truth(但是机器学习系的教授 Rayid Ghani 说，这个过程更强调
概率而不是真相)”，可知，Ghani 认为 AI 更注重概率而不是事实，这反映了他对 AI 的态度是谨慎的。故选
A
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“AI has a water problem— really, an energy problem. A significant amount
of heat is generated by the energy required to power the AI tools that people are increasingly using in their daily
personal and professional lives. As Shaolei Ren, an associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, is
quick to note, cooling down the data centers requires an enormous amount of water, similar to the amount used by
tens of thousands of city dwellers(居民). Ren believes it will be important for us as individuals and as a society to
better understand the real cost of asking an application like ChatGPT a question.(人工智能有水资源问题——实
际上是能源问题。人们在日常个人和职业生活中越来越多地使用人工智能工具，为这些工具提供动力所需
的能量产生了大量的热量。电气与计算机工程副教授任少雷很快就指出，为数据中心降温需要大量的水，
相当于数万城市居民的用水量。Ren 认为，对于我们个人和社会来说，更好地了解向 ChatGPT 这样的应用
程序提问的实际成本是很重要的。)”可推知，人们应该意识到 AI 对环境的影响。故选 C。
4．推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第一段“AI is deeply changing the way we produce and work, including
improving production efficiency, optimizing workflow and enhancing work efficiency. It also involves in medical
care, education, transportation and other fields. Be that as it may, what about the downsides? Two experts weigh
in.(人工智能正在深刻改变我们的生产和工作方式，包括提高生产效率、优化工作流程和提高工作效率。它
还涉及医疗、教育、交通等领域。尽管如此，它的缺点是什么呢？两位专家发表了看法)”可知，文章主要
介绍了 AI 在提高生产效率、优化工作流程和促进工作中的作用，以及它可能带来的一些问题，可推知，作
者的写作目的是为了说明 AI 存在的大问题。故选 B。
5.（2025·湖北省部分市州高三期末联考）Five Grade 11 students, calling themselves “Team Voltage 5”
原创精品资源学科网5独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！from the Philippine Science High School, engineered an innovative device named the “S-Light” and secured a
Silver Award at the Young Inventors Challenge 2019 in Malaysia. This annual event, initiated in 2003, is meant to
fuel a passion for science among young minds. Uniquely, the S-Light differs from conventional speakers by turning
noise into electricity rather than using electricity to produce sound.
In order to develop this device, Team Voltage 5 invested countless lunchtimes in school laboratories,
working closely with their science teachers. A team member explained, “When sound waves strike the diaphragm
of the speaker, the interaction between the magnet and coil generates electrical energy. This is stored in a power
bank to power a light. This process is essentially the opposite of how traditional speakers work.
The S-Light proves highly effective in environments abundant with noise, such as airports, busy roads, or
construction sites. With larger speakers and a lot of devices, it holds the incredible potential to generate sufficient
electricity for an entire community and provide sustainable energy solutions.
While transforming noise into electricity is not a novel concept, no practical device existed before. The
creators of the “S-Light” were driven by the prospect of assisting students in rural areas lacking electric lighting for
home study. They were keenly aware of their privilege in attending school and expressed pride in contributing their
invention to their nation as gratitude for their educational opportunities.
The remarkable achievements of Team Voltage 5 serve as an inspiration, encouraging other young
individuals to realize their full potential to impact others' lives and make great contributions to society through
scientific innovation and creativity.
1．What do we know about the “S-Light”?
A．It was initially operated in 2003. B．It uses electricity to make sound.
C．It transforms sound into electricity. D．It works the same way as a speaker.
2．What's paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．Why the “S-Light” matters. B．How the “S-Light” functions.
C．Where the “S-Light” stores energy. D．What issue the “S-Light” addresses.
3．Which words can best describe Team Voltage 5?
A．Humorous and diligent. B．Creative and appreciative.
C．Curious and dependable. D．Productive and responsible.
4．What message does the author mainly convey in the text?
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
57 / 97A．Small actions bring about new insights.
B．Joint efforts are key to achieving success.
C．Important changes always arise from trial and error.
D．Innovative youth contribute to community well-being.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了来自菲律宾科学高中的 5 名自称为“Team Voltage 5”的
11 年级学生，设计了名为“S-Light”的创新设备，并在马来西亚 2019 青年发明家挑战赛上获得了银奖。
“S-Light”与传统扬声器的区别在于，它将噪音转化为电能，而不是使用电能来产生声音。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段的句子“Uniquely, the S-Light differs from conventional speakers by turning
noise into electricity rather than using electricity to produce sound.(S-Light 与传统扬声器的独特之处在于，它将
噪音转化为电能，而不是用电来产生声音。)”可知，S-Light 把声音转换成电。故选 C 项。
2．主旨大意题。根据第二段的内容“A team member explained,“When sound waves strike the diaphragm
of the speaker, the interaction between the magnet and coil generates electrical energy. This is stored in a power
bank to power a light. This process is essentially the opposite of how traditional speakers work.(一位团队成员解
释说：“当声波撞击扬声器的隔膜时，磁铁和线圈之间的相互作用产生电能。它被储存在充电宝里，为电灯
供电。这个过程本质上与传统扬声器的工作方式相反。)”可知，第二段主要是讲 S-Light 是如何工作的。故
选 B 项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段“While transforming noise into electricity is not a novel concept, no practical
device existed before. The creators of the“S-Light”were driven by the prospect of assisting students in rural areas
lacking electric lighting for home study. 'They were keenly aware of their privilege in attending school and
expressed pride in contributing their invention to their nation as gratitude for their educational opportunities.(虽然
将噪音转化为电能并不是一个新颖的概念，但在此之前并没有实际的设备存在。“S-Light”的发明者希望帮
助农村地区缺乏电力照明的学生在家学习。“他们敏锐地意识到自己上学的特权，并表示为自己的国家贡献
自己的发明感到自豪，以感谢他们的教育机会。”)”可知，Team Voltage 5 有创新精神且他们对自己接受的
教育心存感恩。故选 B 项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后一段“The remarkable achievements of Team Voltage 5 serve
as an inspiration, encouraging other young individuals to realize their full potential to impact others' lives and make
great contributions to society through scientific innovation and creativity.(Voltage 5 团队的卓越成就鼓舞着其他
原创精品资源学科网5独8 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！年轻人，鼓励他们充分发挥自己的潜力，通过科学创新和创造力影响他人的生活，为社会做出巨大贡献。)”
可知，作者想要传达的信息是“有创新精神的青年们为社会福祉做贡献”。故选 D 项。
1.（2024·北京卷）
When I was a little girl, I liked drawing, freely and joyously making marks on the walls at home. In primary
school, I learned to write using chalks. Writing seemed to be another form of drawing. I shaped individual letters
into repeating lines, which were abstract forms, delightful but meaningless patterns.
In secondary school, art was my favourite subject. Since. I loved it so much I thought I was good at it. For the
art O-level exam I had to present an oil painting. I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low
grade. I’d been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.
But other channels of creativity stayed open: I went on writing poems and stories. Still, I went to exhibitions
often. I continued my habitual drawing, which I now characterised as childish doodling (乱画). In my 30s, I made
painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art. However, I couldn’t let myself have a go at actually doing it.
Though these new friends were abstract painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil
painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’t allowed to practice.
One night, in my early 40s, I dreamed that a big woman in red approached me, handed me a bag of paints, and
told me to start painting. The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy, giving me back
something I’d lost. Accordingly, I started by experimenting with water colours. Finally, I bought some oil paints.
Although I have enjoyed breaking my decades-long taboo about working with oil paints, I have discovered I
now prefer chalks and ink. I let my line drawings turn into cartoons I send to friends. It all feels free and easy.
Un-anxious. This time around, I can accept my limitations but keep going.
Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was always afraid of wanting too much.
That dream reminded me that those fears and desires could encourage me to take risks and make experiments.
24. How did the author feel about the result of the art exam?
A. Scared. B. Worried. C. Discouraged. D. Wronged.
25. In her 30s, the author _________.
A. avoided oil painting practice B. sought for a painting career
原创精品资源学科网5独9 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！C. fancied abstract painting D. exhibited child paintings
26. Which word would best describe the author’s dream?
A. Confusing. B. Empowering.
C. Disturbing. D. Entertaining.
27. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Actions speak louder than words. B. Hard work is the mother of success.
C. Dreams are the reflections of realities. D. Creative activities involve being confident.
【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，
作者对绘画失去了信心。在 40 岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。
24. C 推理判断题。根据第二段“I found it difficult, but still hoped to pass. I failed, with a low grade. I’d
been over-confident. Now I’d been declared talentless.(我觉得很难，但仍希望能通过测试。我没有通过，而且
成绩很低。我过于自信了。现在，我被宣布为毫无(油画)天赋的人了)”并结合下文中作者多年不碰油画的
经历可推知，作者对美术考试的结果感到气馁。故选 C。
25. A 细节理解题。根据第三段“In my 30s, I made painter friends and learned new ways of looking at art.
(在我 30 多岁时，我结交了画家朋友们，学到了看待艺术的新方法)”和“Though these new friends were abstract
painters using oil paints, or were printmakers or sculptors, I took oil painting as the taboo (禁忌) high form I wasn’
t allowed to practice. (虽然这些新朋友是使用油画颜料的抽象画师，或者是版画家或雕塑家，但我把油画作
为禁忌的高级形式，不允许我练习)”可知，作者在 30 多岁时回避练习油画。故选 A。
26. B 推理判断题。根据第四段“The dream felt so authoritative that it shook me. It was a form of energy,
giving me back something I’d lost. (这个梦给我的感觉是如此的权威，它震撼了我。它是能量的一种形式，
让我回我失去了的东西)”可知，作者的梦赋予作者练习油画的力量。故选 B。
27. D 推理判断题。根据第六段“Becoming a successful painter calls for being resolute. I realised I was
always afraid of wanting too much. (成为一名成功的画家需要有决心。我意识到我总是害怕想要得太多)”及
文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者一直喜欢绘画，但中学时由于油画测试成绩较低，作者对绘画失去了
信心。在 40 岁出头时，一个梦让作者重拾画油画的信心并接受了自身局限性的故事。由此可推知，我们能
从文章中学到创作活动需要自信，故选 D。
2.（2024·北京卷）
原创精品资源学科网6独0 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation
hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation ——
a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will
probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that
are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in
structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world
is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one
knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality,
reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural
and psychological histories. Again, a black box.
So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer
simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the
universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world,
we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the
universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing,
virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe.
Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an
output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more
tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the
“computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison.
29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by.
原创精品资源学科网6独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！30. As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________.
A. appreciative B. doubtful C. unconcerned D. disapproving
31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A. compare the current models with the previous ones
B. continue exploring the classical models in history
C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争
论的看法。
28. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term“simulation hypothesis”(模拟假说) returns numerous
results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take
seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can,
instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是
计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们
可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假
说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选 C 项。
29. B 词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t
reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and
psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于
contingent on 我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中 that 引导限制性定语从句，指代先
行词 concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表
示“取决于”，与 determined by 意义相近。故选 B 项。
30. A 推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately
consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said
our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18 世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终
由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知
方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will
原创精品资源学科网6独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不
会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自
己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选 A 项。
31. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or
an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the
more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是
计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，
我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building
previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely
rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将
是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇
宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选 C 项。
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved
problems. A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny
creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes
people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking
questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细 菌 )? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing
chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way
nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污 泥 ). First, he
constructed a series of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and
streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these
different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the
sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to
原创精品资源学科网6独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(
污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a
city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for
the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what # # s happening. Then you let
these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was fond of travelling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自
我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean
up the messes people were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在
制造的脏乱。再结合第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to
observing nature and asking questions.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自然并提出
问题。由此可知,从前两段中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
原创精品资源学科网6独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
( )34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中
找到原生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying
for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more
domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在
公园徒步旅行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到
这种互动形式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选 C 项。
5.[2023·全国乙卷]
B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge,
原创精品资源学科网6独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours
away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the
countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the
right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed
plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We
managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,we did not mark the
route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting
lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师是如何应对挑战,拍出高质量的风景
照片的。
26.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing
the sunset entirely.”可知,作者和朋友们没有标出路线,所以几乎完全错过了日落。由此可推知,他们比预计到达
拍摄地点的时间晚了。故选 C 项。
6.【2023 年 1 月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public
debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
原创精品资源学科网6独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents
and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such
wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond,
professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage
at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the
least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program
specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols
mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work
with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What
matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they
mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the
content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in
society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates
and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
【答案】28．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为 Project Debater 的软件程序。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project
Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，在旧
金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为 Project Debater 的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国
原创精品资源学科网6独7 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！辩论冠军 Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到 Noa Ovadia 的目的是展示 Project Debater 的聪明。故选
B。
7.【2023 年 1 月·浙江卷】D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown
rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought
to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control
weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a
shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These
pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says
Macknick.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
【答案】 34．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型
的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
原创精品资源学科网6独8 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and
pesticide use.(超过 28 个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与
保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选 A 项。
8.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for
your particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
69 / 97D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。
28.B 推理判断题。根据第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a
detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you
decide it’s right for you.”可知,这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然
后如果你认为它适合你,教你如何采用这种哲学,即这本书旨在倡导一种数字极简生活方式。
9.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that
were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a
world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people
who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love
for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work
in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder
like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a
book about understanding philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he
does so with plenty of humour. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in
history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls
them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a
coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is
something we don’t have a lot of.
( )29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4?
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
70 / 97A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了 Eric Weiner 的哲学书 The Socrates Express。
29.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and
then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is
a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets
like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy
to improve a life.”可知,韦纳书中的每一章都以城市之间的火车旅行场景开始,然后他介绍每个哲学家的作品
和一件他们可以帮助我们做得更好的事情。最终的结果是,我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看待
事情,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样没有遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习使用哲
学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列出伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解 Weiner 的书。故选 D。
10.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements,and until fairly recently even many
literate(有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
原创精品资源学科网7独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made:a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the
texts,but the objects.
( )33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
【文章大意】 本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记
录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。
33.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain # # s record
of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his
first experience of gunshot.”可知,从英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕的日子的记录。从澳洲方面,
我们只有一个被一个人在初次经历了枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。由此可推知,作者在第二段提及库克船长是
为了说明他的记录只是单方面的。故选 D 项。
11.B【2022·新高考 I 卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown
away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown
into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
原创精品资源学科网7独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin
sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last
days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy
meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有
瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and
freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste,
whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not
include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
【答案】4. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿 DC 中央厨房的首席执
行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
4. B 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste.(像我们大
多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had
unthinkingly bought way too much; could have made six salads with what I threw out.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜
变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲
述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选 B。
12.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
原创精品资源学科网7独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制
造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation
to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康
问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
15. B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the
positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in
schools.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食
筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选 B。
13.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black
rhino calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at
the reserve. And officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known
原创精品资源学科网7独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome
another calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother,
Solio, is a first-time mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open,
but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing
every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the
calves will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port
Lympne arrived on January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and
great grandmother were all born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving
the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在 Port Lympne 保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned
to protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推
知，Pon Lympne 保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选 D 项。
14.A【2022·新高考 I 卷】
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay
原创精品资源学科网7独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will
be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or
tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to
take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or
short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get
a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
2. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
3. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
1. C 推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和
Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的
四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自
一个课程计划。故选 C。
2. B 细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”、“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class
Writings
and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由 3 部分组成。故选 B。
原创精品资源学科网7独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！3. A 推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero.
(如果没有在截止日期后的第 4 天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得
零分。故选 A 项。
15.C【2022·新高考 I 卷】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling
lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！
77 / 97C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
8. D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce
loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年
人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选 D。
9. B 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their
children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities,
and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居
民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier 通
过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选 B。
10. C 词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the
first (第一批人之一)”可知 Wendy Wilson 是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与 C 项：“Begin (开始)”
含
义相近。故选 C。
11. A 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative
sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该
项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis,
director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect
our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高
兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响
很好。故选 A。
原创精品资源学科网7独8 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！16.C【2021·英语全国甲卷】
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January
morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless
blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over,
helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud,
shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the
beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He
seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,”
I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8．What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A．He felt disappointed. B．He gave up his hobby.
C．He liked the weather there. D．He had disagreements with his family.
【答案】8．A
【解析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的
地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己
的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved
beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，
原创精品资源学科网7独9 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很
好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选 A。
17.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this
is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to
the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet
afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer:
absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
13．What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A．They think themselves smart.
B．They look up to great thinkers.
C．They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D．They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
【答案】13．D
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上
“天
才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
原创精品资源学科网8独0 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！13．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start
to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个
信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受
到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选 D。
18.B【2021·全国高考乙卷】
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede
that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a
further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
27．What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A．It remains a family necessity.
B．It will fall out of use some day.
C．It may increase daily expenses.
原创精品资源学科网8独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！D．It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】27．B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必
需品的观点。
27．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of
gas street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨
送牛奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说
明了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选 B 项。
19.D【2021·全国高考乙卷】
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by
the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the co-working space
across the street — so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, co-working spaces also typically
use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects
were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85
decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background
noise — not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right
level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to
wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for
working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop
ourselves from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found
that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a co-working space or a coffee
原创精品资源学科网8独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
35．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
【答案】35．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者通过自身经历讲述人们为什么不喜欢开放性办公室以及有关多少分贝的噪
音最有利于人们的创造性思维的研究。
35．推理判断题。根据第一段“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think
about often.（在一次采访我的一本书时，我的采访者说了一些我至今还经常想起的话。）”可知，作者提到有
人采访自己的书，所以可以推断，作者是一位作家。故选 D 项。
20. B【2020·浙江卷】
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don't flash the same length of
green twice in a row, especially at rush hour. At 9:30am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140
seconds. By 9:33am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds. Less traffic at 9:37am could push it
down to 135. Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.
That is by design. Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity
around the US: intersection(十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions. These lights, known
as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.
“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed, ” says Alex
Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.
For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways. Kevin Balke, a research
engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly
beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will
make a meaningful difference. “It’s not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller
cities,” he says.
In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches. In the
原创精品资源学科网8独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue
Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their
streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.
26．What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A．They work better on broad roads.
B．They should be used in other cities.
C．They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D．They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27．What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A．It is rewarding to try new things. B．The old methods still work today.
C．I pays to put theory into practice. D．The simplest way is the best way.
【答案】26．D27．A
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。美国华盛顿州的 Bellevue 采用了能随交通状况而调节交通灯时间的适应
性信号灯，大大缓解了交通压力，也表明人们对于交通阻塞问题不再只是拓宽道路，而是能够采用新方法。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中“adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways(但自适应信号
并不是解决拥堵道路的万能药)”及第二句中“others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of
cars on the road will make a meaningful difference(其他城市交通堵塞如此严重，只有减少道路上的车辆才能起
有意义的作用) ”可推知，Kevin Balke 认为适应性信号灯对于交通堵塞很严重的城市没有太大帮助。故选 D
项。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines
in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.(这些灯，被称为适应性信号灯，已经大大减少了
通勤的麻烦和花费)”最后一段第一句“In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of
welcoming new approaches.(在 Bellevue，对适应性信号灯的转变是一个在欢迎新方法的价值方面的榜样)”可
推知，从 Bellevue 的成功中可以得出，尝试新事物是值得的。故选 A 项。
21. C【2020·浙江卷】
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might
help your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
原创精品资源学科网8独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s job,
for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any
high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ”
she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can only
help.304
29．How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A．By using an expert’s words. B．By making a comparison.
C．By referring to another study. D．By introducing a concept.
【答案】29．B
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。《神经病学》杂志发布的一则研究显示，需要大量的分析思考、细致规划
和其他管理技能有挑战性的工作，有可能会帮助你的大脑随着年龄的增长而保持敏锐。
29．推理判断题。根据第四段中 Francisca Then 说的话“This works just like physical exercise,( 这就像体育锻
炼一样有效。)”及接下来进一步的解释“长跑后人就会感到痛苦和疲惫，但它确实能强身健体。工作一天下
来会感到劳累，但这也使你的大脑处于健康状态”可知，Francisca Then 是通过与“身体锻炼”作比较来解释
他
的发现的。故选 B 项。
22. B【2020·全国新高考 II 山东卷】
Jenifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a
nursing degree. That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and
原创精品资源学科网8独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor's degree.
Mauer, of Edgar, Wisconsin, grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children. Her dad worked at a job away from
the farm, and her mother ran the farm with the kids. After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college,
working to pay her tuition（学费）, because there was no extra money set aside for a college education. After
graduation, she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling.
Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own. She decided to go back to college to advance her
career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves: nursing. She chose the UW-Eau
Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph's Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year
degree close to home. She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids. Jenifer received
great support from her family as she worked to car her degree: Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills, and
her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times.
Through it all, she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors. Jennifer sacrificed（牺牲）
to achieve her goal, giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study. “Some nights my
heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,” she says. However, her
children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation
graduate and an inspiration to her family-and that's pretty powerful.
7. What can we learn from Jenifer's story? （ ）
A. Time is money. B. Love breaks down barriers.
C. Hard work pays off. D. Education is the key to success.
【答案】7. C
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Jennifer 在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下，通过自己的
努力，以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业，还给家人，尤其是她的
三个孩子树立了榜样，让他们得到了激励。
7.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 Through it all, she remind in good academic standing and graduated with
honors.(虽然经历了这些，但她一直保持着良好的学术地位，并以优异的成绩毕业)和 However, her children
have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree. Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and
an inspiration to her family-and that’s the pretty powerful.(然而，她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中得到
了重要的一课。Jennifer 是第一代毕业生，这对她的家庭来说是一种激励——这是非常强大的。)可知，Jennifer
原创精品资源学科网8独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！在艰苦的环境中通过自己的努力不仅以优异的成绩毕业，还给孩子树立了榜样，同时也让家人得到了激励。
由此推测，我们可以从 Jennifer 的故事中学到：努力总会有回报。C. Hard work pays off.(努力会得到回报)符
合以上说法，故选 C 项。
23. B【2020·全国新课标 I】
Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. There’s a welcome
familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But
books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It’
s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s all about the present. It’s about the now
and what one contributes to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull
their own weight.
There are three books I reread annually The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningway’s
A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost intoxicating
(令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the
Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazar’s Save Twilight:
Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.
While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I
attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is
the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But
remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.
24．Why does the author like rereading?
A．It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B．It’s a window to a whole new world.
C．It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend.
D．It extends the understanding of oneself.
25．What do we know about the book A Moveable Feas!?
A．It’s a brief account of a trip.
B．It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man.
原创精品资源学科网8独7 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！C．It’s a record of a historic event.
D．It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris.
27．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He loves poetry.
B．He’s an editor.
C．He’s very ambitious.
D．He teaches reading.
【答案】24．D25．B27．A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了重新阅读的意义和益处并向读者介绍了作者每年重读的三本书。
作者鼓励读者去重新阅读书籍。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句“But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of
rereading so rich and transformative.(但是书没变，人变了。那就是使重新阅读行为如此丰富和富于变化之处)”
和第二段“The beauty of rereading lies in that our bond with the work is based on our present register. It is true, the
older I get, the more I feel time has wings.(重新阅读的美妙之处在于我们与作品的联系是基于我们现在的心理
状态。真的，我年纪越大，就越觉得时光飞逝。)”可推知，作者喜欢重新阅读是因为重新阅读可以扩展对自
己的理解。故选 D 项。
25．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Published in 1964, it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.”及“an aging writer
looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time”可知，这本书出版于 1964 年，这是他关于 20 世纪 20 年代在巴
黎的经典回忆录，是他老年时对那些野心勃勃却更简单的日子的回顾。由此可判断出 A Movable Feast 是关
于海明威年轻时的生活。故选 B 项。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The third book is Julio Cortázar’s Save Twilight: selected poems, because
poetry.(第三本书是胡里奥·科塔扎的《拯救暮光之城: 诗歌精选》，因为诗歌)”可知，作者是由于喜欢诗歌而
喜欢这本书。故选 A 项。
24. C【2020·全国新课标 II】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have(showcased)nutria fur made into clothes in different
原创精品资源学科网8独8 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in
the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there
can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi,
an expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince
people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,
so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option that they
can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here in New
York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for
her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is
eco-friendly.318
31．What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?
A．It’s formal. B．It’s risky. C．It’s harmful. D．It’s traditional.
【答案】31．B
【解析】本文是说明文。介绍了美国新奥良和布鲁克林举办了不同寻常的时装秀。展出海狸鼠制成的皮衣。
海狸鼠们每年都在破坏大片的湿地，因此设计师称这是一种环保的举措，科学家们也对海狸鼠损坏生态平
衡表示了担忧。
31．推理判断题。根据第二段 Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt –free option that they can wear
without someone throwing paint on them-I think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least in New York. ” 得知，
为了给人们一种无罪的选择，人们可以穿皮衣而不被人们泼油漆，我认为在纽约将是一件巨大的事情，根
据模特摩根所说得知，在纽约穿皮质衣服是有风险的。故选 B。
25. B【2020·全国新课标 III】
原创精品资源学科网8独9 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part
Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated
properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241
27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
A. They may be badly treated.
B. They should take further training.
C. They could be traded illegally
D. They would lose popularity.
【答案】27.A
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在
好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿
的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切关注此事。但有些
拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。
27.推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that
has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions
about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the
原创精品资源学科网9独0 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！Sates.”（在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是电影棚里对动物的待遇;让人担忧的是训练和生活条件。
还有一些关于在美国以外拍摄的电影的问题，这些电影有时不像在美国拍摄的电影那样受到严密的监控。）
可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此
判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。故选 A 项。
26.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:
The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and
Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at
the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】7. B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden 的书籍并对其进行了评价。
原创精品资源学科网9独1 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！7. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以
Rosamond 和 Dorothy 回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the
land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden 是个很好的讲故事的人。大地
的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden 的书籍内容，并对
其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选 B 项。
27.C【2019·全国 I】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量)
technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still
expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置)that gets around this
problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and
the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like
the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the
keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a
keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times
using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on
how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to
commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the
near future.
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook C. A novel. D. A magazine.
【答案】 31. D
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。目前，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，指纹扫描等这些技术仍然是昂
贵的。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，这项技术通过记录用户的打字习惯来识别主人，为网络空
间用户保护隐私。
原创精品资源学科网9独2 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！31. D 推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的科技——智能键盘，它能给 e-space 用户带来安全，由此可知，本
文是科技说明文，结合所给选项可知，本文可能来自于一本科研杂志上。故选 D。
28.B【2022·全国高考乙卷】
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had
gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children
whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:
The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and
Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket
of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at
the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course
influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which
entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and
Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to
some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When
the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was
marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
4. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
原创精品资源学科网9独3 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！6. Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
7. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children’s story. D. A diary entry.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】本文是一篇书评。本文简要介绍了 Dorothy Wickenden 的书籍并对其进行了评价。
4. A 细节理解题。根据第一段“In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.-Dorothy
Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood -traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room
schoolhouse. (1916年，来自纽约奥本市的两个富裕家庭的女孩——Dorothy Woodruff和 Rosamond Underwood
——来到落基山脉的一个定居点，在一间只有一个房间的学校教书。)”可知，Dorothy 和 Rosamond 去落基
山脉是为了去学校里教书。故选 A。
5. D 推理判断题。根据第三段“They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and like them, had little privacy,
rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.(他们和一个当地家庭，哈里森
一家一起搬进去，和他们一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来时被子上覆盖着一层雪。)”以及“In spring,
the snow was replaced by mud over ice.(在春天，雪被泥替代覆盖在冰上。)”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰
苦，她们饱受磨难。故选 D 项。
6. C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed
drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.(令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这涉及到在
令人眩目的暴风雪中钻穿落基山脉。)”可知，Wickenden 的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人
毛骨悚然的。故选 C 项。
7. B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.(这本书以
Rosamond 和 Dorothy 回到奥本结束。)”以及最后一段“Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the
land and the stoicism of the people move her to some beautiful writing.( Wickenden 是个很好的讲故事的人。大地
的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。)”可知，本文简要介绍了 Wickenden 的书籍内容，并对
其进行了评价，所以文本是一篇书评。故选 B 项。
29.A【2021·英语全国甲卷】
A Take a view, the Landscape（风景）Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of
原创精品资源学科网9独4 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards
are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable
annual competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.
Mike It was an extremely cold winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air. I
Shepherd(2011) climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few
Skiddaw in feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found myself completely above it
Winter and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sum setting in the west. I
Cumbria, used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the darkroom into
England Photoshop, to achieve the black—and—white image（图像）.
Timothy
I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter images.
Smith(2014)
Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe. a local high point, I came
Macclesfield
across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against
Forest
the fresh snow. The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take
Cheshire,
the view from the foreground right through into the forest.
England
3．Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book. B．In a novel. C．In an art magazine. D．In a biography.
【答案】3．C
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了摄影比赛 Take a view 以及获奖的相关情况。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Each year, the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect
platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual
competition for photographers from all comers of the UK and beyond.”（每年参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是
展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。 对于英国和世界各地的摄影师来说，Take a view 是一项令人向往
的年度竞赛 ）结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了摄影比赛 Take a view 以及
获奖的相关情况，最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。故选 C。
30.【2022 年 1 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（浙江卷）】
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
原创精品资源学科网9独5 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a
century earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords
they put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New
York City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon
became the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long
narrative into an interesting one.
4．What is Klein's understanding of the age of electricity?
A．It is closely linked to the steam age.
B．It began earlier than proper thought.
C．It is a little-studied period of history.
D．It will come to an end sooner or later.
5．What can be inferred about Ned?
A．He was born in New York City. B．He wrote many increasing stories,
C．He created an electricity company. D．He lived mainly in the 19th century.
6．What is the text?
A．A biography. B．A book review. C．A short story. D．A science report.
【答案】4．A5．D6．C
原创精品资源学科网9独6 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！【解析】本文是说明文。文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段“It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric
revolutions.”（我很好奇，竟然没有人把蒸汽和电力革命的历史放在一起。）可知，在 Klein 看来，电力时代
和蒸汽时代是有很紧密的联系的。故选 A。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the
progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime.”（为了编织他
的故事，Klein 创造了一个人物 Ned，它是对美国蒸汽和电力革命在一个人的整个人生中的进程的神奇的见
证。）和第四段“Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic
necessity.”（同时，在 19 世纪，电力从好奇变成了根需。）可知，Ned 见证了蒸汽时代和电力革命，所以他
应该是生活在 19 世纪。故选 D。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段“The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland”（这个故事开始
于苏格兰 18 世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选 C。
原创精品资源学科网9独7 /家 97享有版权，侵权必究！
