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专题 02 阅读理解之主旨要义题
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理
解题进行了蓝色标注。
题型一 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题
1.（2025·四川省绵阳市涪城区绵阳中学二模）
Gobble, gobble, grab your turkey baster, it’s Thanksgiving. Canadian Thanksgiving, that is. Though the US
version takes place on the fourth Thursday of November, Canada celebrates on the second Monday of October,
which this year falls on October 14. For more insights into this annual great feast, we reached out to Andrew
McIntosh, senior subject editor with the Canadian Encyclopedia.
Naturally, we first had to address a question often asked by Americans — why does Canada celebrate
Thanksgiving in October instead of November? Historically, he says, Thanksgiving in Canada has generally been
about celebrating the fall harvest and giving thanks for the food it provides before the cold season sets in. “Winter
comes a lot earlier in Canada, so our fall harvest happens earlier, too,” he says.
“Canadian Thanksgiving was set as the second Monday in October, when the weather is still amenable to
outdoor activities, in 1957.” But the country was celebrating long before that. The first official Thanksgiving
holiday took place in 1879, and in the following years, it didn’t always happen in October. “The exact date for
each year was determined annually by Parliament, which also assigned a unifying theme each year — it often
centered around celebrating the monarchy,” says McIntosh.
Interestingly, he notes the holiday occurred as late in the year as December 6 and even coincided with
American Thanksgiving a few times. As for the present day, some Canadians — including this writer’s extendedfamily — opt to host their Thanksgiving meal the day before the official Monday holiday, allowing those who
drove or flew in for the long weekend time to journey back home and not have to take an extra day off work.
4．Why does Canada celebrate Thanksgiving in October instead of November?
A．Because Canadians want to follow the historical convention.
B．Because winter comes earlier.
C．Because Canadians are accustomed to it.
D．Because cold weather comes slower.
5．Which best explains the underlined word in the third paragraph?
A．Adaptable. B．Suitable. C．Affordable. D．Imaginable.
6．Why do some Canadians host their Thanksgiving meal in advance?
A．Because it is economical for them to do so.
B．Because they are extremely homesick.
C．Because they want to earn more money.
D．Because they can go back to work in time.
7．What is a suitable title for the text?
A．Thanksgiving in America.
B．The Differences of Thanksgiving in USA and Canada.
C．Thanksgiving in Canada.
D．The Origins of Thanksgiving in America and Canada.
2.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）
Since wolves was put on the Endangered Species List, the predators (捕食者) have slowly returned to more
of their habitats. But in every place where wolves recovered, heated debates followed — about their numbers,
hunting and trapping rights. However, Minnesota is an exception. Some of the techniques used by Minnesotans to
avoid conflicts may need to be adopted in other states if the predators continue to return.
Minnesota is the only place in the United States to never kill all its wolves. More than 2,700 wolves live in
Minnesota. The wolf population in Minnesota has been remarkably stable, bouncing between 2,400 and 3,000.
That’s well above the original recovery goal of 1,400. The relatively fixed population shows that wolves have
likely already spread to every part of the state that has enough food to support them and is far enough from men.
Despite such high numbers, wolves attack cattle, turkeys and other animals on less than 2% of livestock (牲
畜) operations in Minnesota. As wolf numbers have remained stable for nearly three decades, so have those
conflicts. Farm owners have had mixed results using various methods to scare wolves away. The most adopted
method comes from a farm on the border of Voyageurs National Park, where wolf researchers are building a 6-
foot-high fence around the property. Early results show that wild wolves don’t seem to try to jump fences for food.
However, there are still many unanswered questions, but most importantly to wildlife managers, exactly
what does a healthy wolf population do for the ecosystem? To get the answer, researchers have come to Minnesota
to learn about how wolves behave and survive. Now with GPS and tracking cameras, researchers are getting their
first detailed look at how the secretive predators live all year round.
32．What can we learn about Minnesota?
A．It never kills any of the wolves there.B．It provides ideal habitats for the wolves.
C．It avoids disturbing normal wolf activities.
D．It succeeds in handling human-wolf co-existence.
33．What does the stability of wolf population indicate?
A．Wolves in Minnesota have adapted to the environment there.
B．The Endangered Species List is effective and well carried out.
C．The original recovery goal is too low and needs to be adjusted.
D．Wolves are widely distributed and distant from human society.
34．What does the author think of building fences?
A．Traditional. B．Rewarding. C．Economical. D．Thoughtful.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．Conflicts with Wolves Resolved Harmoniously.
B．Wolf Population Recovered under Protection.
C．Livestock Attacked Less by Wild Wolves.
D．Heated Debate Aroused by Wolf Attacks.
3.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末）
Animals and plants also live and thrive on public squares. This creates opportunities for greater biodiversity
and well-being for the human population. Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have studied
at 103 locations in Munich how various factors affect flora and fauna ( 动植物). They advocate a close
examination of local conditions and a more nature-focused approach to the design of public spaces.
Together with his team, Wolfgang Weisser, Professor of Terrestrial Ecology at TUM, looked at such factors
as size, the occurrence of lawn, plant and tree growth, artificial light sources and green in the surroundings of the
103 public squares in Munich. The squares varied from almost entirely sealed (封闭的) to park-like squares.
Their results show, with Munich as an example, how greatly the different spaces can differ in the animals
and other organisms that can live there. At the heavily sealed Marienplatz, the researchers counted only 20
species, with just one bird and moss species as well as insects and bat species. Meanwhile, at Pfrontener Platz, a
space with lawns, bushes and trees, they found 156 taxa, including 21 different kinds of birds. At Johannisplatz,
118 species are present, as it has trees, hedges and some grassy areas despite being sealed to a relatively large
extent.
Unsurprisingly, more plants are beneficial to many animal species. This is a factor that urban planning
models already take into account. However, the study also shows that lawns, trees and bushes vary widely in terms
of the diversity and numbers of the species they attract. So far, public spaces are designed with humans in mind,
with little consideration to animals and other species.
The researchers concluded that the chances for greater biodiversity are increased if, instead of applying the
same patterns to every location, planners take into account the local conditions and the needs of different species.
To encourage more bee species, for example, they should not only plant nectar-bearing flowers, but also provide
open space as habitat for bees and a source of nest-building material.
8．What does the study at TUM focus on?
A．The best locations for flora and fauna.B．Factors to be considered in square design.
C．The impact of local conditions on biodiversity.
D．The best way for humans and flora and fauna to get along.
9．What can we know from paragraph 3?
A．Animals expand in sealed parks. B．Open parks support more biodiversity.
C．Open parks are not fit for birds to stay. D．Closed parks are as good as open ones.
10．What does the study say about urban greenery?
A．It varies in attracting species. B．It will replace artificial lights.
C．It has nothing to do with species. D．It is well planned in urban buildings.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Enhancing Urban Development: Considering Local Species’ Needs
B．Human-animal Coexistence: Integrating Nature into City Designing
C．Urban Ecosystems: Challenges for Plants and Animals in Urban Spaces
D．Biodiversity in the City: Designing Urban Spaces for Humans and Animals
4.（2025·云南省红河州、文山州高中毕业生上学期第一次复习统一检测）
In the tropical rainforest, there always exist battles, ones to claim the tree’s dead body and the vast amount
of nutrients that it contains. It’s a battle that is fought throughout the natural world, involving a group of organisms
that humans rarely notice.
On the floor of a tropical rainforest, it’s dark, humid and hot, providing ideal conditions for fungi (真菌) .
Humans normally think of fungi as things like this — mushrooms of one kind or another. But these are just the
fruiting bodies. They exist for most of the time hidden in the leaf litter and the earth as a network of fine white
threads.
The threads of competing fungi envelop their victim’s body, releasing enzymes (酶) which digest the tree’s
tissues and unlock the nutrients within. There are a million or so different species of fungi in the tropics. Some
feed on dead plants. Others eat them alive. And some reveal their existence in an eerily beautiful way. In Africa, in
Congo, this is known as chimpanzee fire. The mysterious glow becomes brighter as the fungi digests the tree.
When fungi have fed sufficiently, they develop their reproductive organs.
Each can produce literally billions of spores (孢子) , the tiny particles that carry the species’ genetic
blueprint. Each spore like this has the potential to kill a tree. The spores are so light that they can be carried by the
slightest air currents. At least a billion float above every square meter of rainforest.
Recently, it has been discovered that these spores do far more than just bring death and decay. They are, in
fact, at the very center of the rainforest’s life support system. High in the humid air, the spores combine with
molecules of water. Gradually, they collect into droplets, which fall as rain when they are heavy enough. Over
two-and-a-half meters of rain falls every year in a rainforest. And in the center of almost every raindrop, there is a
fungal spore.
12．What can we learn from paragraph 1?
A．The trees’ dead bodies are now popular.B．Battles for nutrients occur in the rainforest.
C．Wild nature is being conquered by humans. D．People are fully aware of the natural world.13．What is the role of fungi in a tropical rainforest ecosystem?
A．It forms a network of fine white threads to support each other.
B．It glows to exist in the rainforest and produce billions of spores.
C．It fights against each other to occupy ideal conditions for its living.
D．It decomposes plants and releases nutrients back into the ecosystem.
14．How do fungal spores contribute to the rainforest’s life support system?
A．They combine with water molecules to form raindrops.
B．They facilitate the water cycle by reproducing more spores.
C．They float in the air to cool down the climate in the rainforest.
D．They contribute to dealing with the dead trees and bring new life.
15．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Mysterious Facts in the Rainforest B．The Formation of Fungi in the Rainforest
C．The Challenge Fungi Face in the Rainforest D．The Hidden Power of Rainforest Decomposers
5.（2025·陕西省宝鸡市高三上学期高考模拟检测（一））
Our bodies were designed for near constant activity and yet, most of us today have trouble finding time to
exercise. This is really unfortunate, considering the fact that physical exercise has been shown time and time again
to help treat depression, which a record number of people suffer from.
According to the researchers from the University of Connecticut (UConn), you don’t need hours at the gym
to cheer up. Simply getting out of the chair and taking a walk around can reduce depression and give you a general
state of well-being.
“We hope this research helps people realize the important public health message that simply going from
doing no physical activity to performing some physical activity can improve their subjective well-being,” says
Gregory Panza, the study’s lead author. “What is even better news for the physically inactive person is that they do
not need to exercise a lot to see these improvements,” Panza continues. “Instead, our results show you will achieve
the best result with light or moderate (强度适中) physical activity.”
This is particularly encouraging news as “light physical activity” is basically walking—simple, standard
walking, the kind where you don’t sweat or notice an increase in breathing or heart rate. And the standard
“moderate physical activity” is walking a 15-20 minute mile with a slight increase in breathing and heart rate —
while you are still able to hold a conversation — as well as mild sweating.
Still, the researchers note that all participants of the study had a generally positive sense of wellbeing and
were generally physically active, so their answers should be explained with that in mind. In addition, the study
only analyzed one point in time. A longitudinal study (纵向研究), which tracks people over time, would offer a
better look at the relationship between exercise and mood.
8．What does the underlined word “This” refer to in paragraph 1?
A．Everyone is always so busy. B．Cut body needs constant activity.
C．Many people suffer from depression. D．It is hard for people to find time to exercise.
9．What can we learn from the research?
A．Its results aren’t what people for.
B．Hard physical exercise is not recommended.C．Even a small amount of exercise should be valued.
D．Physically active people benefit most from exercise.
10．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．Their research has limitations.
B．Another study has found the opposite.
C．Further study will be conducted soon.
D．The research failed due to inadequate preparation.
11．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Cheer yourself up B．Feeling down? Walk it off!
C．Overcome your problems D．Be optimistic about your health
题型二 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题
1.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市高三第二次教学质量检测）
Since the first bicycle hit the road, bicyclists have enjoyed racing their bikes. Today, the world’s best riders
gather in Scotland to compete in the UCI Cycling World Championships. Whether the bicyclists are testing their
speed, strength or style, the competition provides a spectacle for cycling fans.
In 2022, around 300,000 fans cheered for their favorite riders at the event. At the same time, over 300
million more watched the global broadcast. This year the championships are expected to be among the top-10
most-watched sporting events in the world.
The men’s and women’s exciting sprint (冲刺) road races are favorites of nearly 230million viewers. Each
race features a mass start, and then riders use their speed and skills to cross the finish line first. Another popular
contest is the men’s and women’s time-trial test of endurance (耐力), which attracts nearly 180 million. Solo
riders race against the clock for the fastest time. Competitors who have the best bike-handling skills and endurance
come out on top. While some enjoy traditional races, others prefer to watch the techniques displayed by the
freestyle riders.
The first version of these World Championships was held in 1893 in Chicago. Over the years, it has become
one of the most important competitions in the cycling world. In its early days, amateur riders would compete on
open roads. However, as cycling became more popular and the number of participants grew, the races were moved
to specially designed courses. This allows for a safer and more controlled environment for the cyclists.
The UCI Cycling World Championships are now held in a different location every year, thus including a
wider variety of landscapes in the races. It also gives riders from different countries the chance to experience
different types of conditions and climates. With its excellent reputation and exciting variety of races, the
Championships continue to impress and excite audiences.
28．What does the underlined word “spectacle” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．Precious opportunity. B．Fantastic show.
C．Valuable knowledge. D．Wonderful scenery.
29．What is the function of paragraph 3?
A．To stress the intensity of UCI Cycling World Championships.
B．To prove the popularity of UCI Cycling World Championships.C．To vividly demonstrate the exceptional skills of the competitors.
D．To strongly recommend some most attractive events to readers.
30．Why did the championships abandon open roads?
A．To increase the variety of participants. B．To control the number of athletes.
C．To guarantee the security of cyclists. D．To design more various courses.
31．What does the text focus on?
A．Describing bicycle championships. B．Experiencing exciting competitions.
C．Introducing well-known bicyclists. D．Appreciating cycling techniques.
2.（2025·辽宁省辽阳市高三期末）
What did you imagine the future of transportation would look like? Was it up in the air?
A unique vehicle called XTurismo made its appearance at the Detroit Auto Show in early September. The
vehicle resembles an ordinary motorbike you’d see on the freeway—a sleek (造型优美的) design with an
aerodynamic shape.
But what stirred interest in the vehicle is what it doesn’t have, which is a pair of wheels. And it flies.
Instead, it has a landing gear similar to a helicopter and it has six propellers parallel to the ground. Two rotors (转
子) are in front of the bike and the other two on the back. In principle, this might be the world’s first flying bike.
In the video, you can see the bike hovering at a height of around five feet. The placement of the rotors allows the
bike to stabilize midair and stop it from tipping or dipping on one side.
Even with its “earthly” design, it still looks like something out of a science fiction movie. There’s a reason
for that too. The founder and CEO of the company behind this vehicle loved Star Wars movies. XTurismo isn’t as
fast as its counterparts in Hollywood, but it proudly shows that the technology could work. And it’s achievable. “I
wanted to make something from the movie real,” the founder was quoted saying. “It’s a land speeder for the Dark
Side.” Creating something that flies isn’t new to the company. The Delaware-based company is an air-mobility
company that makes drones and other unmanned vehicles.
XTurismo is already being sold in Japan but the company plans on bringing this vision of the future to the
United States in 2023. The estimated price for this baby? A whopping$777,000. The company, however, shared
much more ambitious plans in creating a smaller and more efficient version of the craft by 2025. The smaller
version is planned to be run by electricity and would cost about $50,000.
“We haven’t unlocked the technology to make more efficient engines for flying vehicles that can take them
higher and faster. Moreover, regulations and restrictions also vary from one country to another,” the founder said.
However, even with a 40-minute flight time, the XTurismo is more than enough to inspire engineers about
the possibility of flying through your neighborhood.
4．What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．The related data of the vehicle.
B．The disadvantages of the vehicle.
C．The design theories behind the vehicle.
D．The unique design and flight feature of the vehicle.
5．What is the function of the rotors?A．To keep the vehicle’s balance in the air. B．To maintain a certain speed.
C．To assist the landing. D．To work as wheels.
6．What can be inferred about the XTurismo?
A．It is the first flying device in the company.
B．It can fly faster than the one in Hollywood movies.
C．It is priced at astronomical $777,000 in the United States.
D．Technical and regulatory factors overshadow its further advances.
7．What is the main topic of this text?
A．An air-mobility company.
B．A smaller version of the XTurismo.
C．A flying bike at the Detroit Auto Show.
D．An elementary land speeder in Star Wars movies.
3.（2025·重庆市重庆市九龙坡区育才中学校高三上学期一模）
The science of why insects gather around lights at night has never been nailed down. Popular theories
propose that moths and other insects navigate (导航) by the moon and mistake lamps for moonlight, or that the
insects fly towards light to escape coming danger. Now researchers believe they have a more convincing answer:
contrary to current theories, insects are not attracted to light from far away, but become trapped if they fly close to
an artificial light source.
According to Dr Sam Fabian, study co-author and Imperial College London entomologist, moths and many
other insects that fly at night evolved to tilt (倾斜) their backs to wherever is brightest. For hundreds of millions of
years, this was the sky rather than the ground. The trick told insects which way was up and ensured they flew
level. But then came artificial lighting. Moths found themselves tilting their backs to street lamps. This caused
them to circle around the lamps endlessly, the insects trapped by their evolution.
Fabian and his colleagues filmed insect flight paths around lights in the lab. The videos reveal that time and
again, moths and dragonflies turned their backs to artificial lights, which appeared to greatly change their flight
paths. If the light is above them, they might start orbiting it, but if it’s behind them, they start tilting backwards
and end up flying in circles or diving toward the ground.
Researchers have long warned that light pollution is a big driving force in the dramatic decline in insect
populations. Moths and other insects that become trapped around lamps become easily caught by bats. The
artificial lighting can also fool them into thinking it is daytime, causing them to bed down and skip a night’s
feeding.
There are, Fabian believes, helpful lessons from the research. “What this tells us is that the direction of
artificial light matters. Could we change lighting environments to not trap insects? For we’re facing a massive
decline in insects around the world, and artificial light at night is one of the factors that could potentially be
leading to this decline,” Fabian said.
8．What do the underlined words “nailed down” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．Popularized widely. B．Discussed openly.
C．Defined accurately. D．Explored academically.
9．Fabian’s study found that moths circle around the lamps endlessly because ______.A．they can’t keep their balance.
B．they use improper flight attitude.
C．they lose track of which way is up.
D．they are attracted to lights from far away.
10．What is the significance of the research finding?
A．It may lead to better conservation of insects.
B．Natural enemies of insects will be got rid of.
C．Artificial lighting will be greatly reduced at night.
D．It may raise concerns for insects’ eating behavior.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Why insects lose their ability to fly at night.
B．Why artificial light and evolution trap insects.
C．How artificial light impacts insect populations.
D．How insects evolved distinct strategies of flight.
4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考）
Your phone has a screen that displays images and videos. The screen uses tiny dots known as pixels (像素)
that consist of three primary colors: red, green and blue. By mixing these colors in different ways, your phone can
show you everything from beautiful beach scenes to cute puppies.
Now imagine something similar for smells. Scientists are developing digital scent technology that uses a
small number of different cartridges (暗盒) , each containing a specific scent. Just like how pixels mix the three
basic colors to create images, these scent cartridges could mix to create different smells. Just as images on your
phone are made of digital codes that represent combinations of pixels, smells produced by a future phone could be
created through digital codes. Each smell could have a specific recipe made up of different amounts of the
ingredients in the cartridges.
When you receive a digital scent code, your phone could mix tiny amounts of the different scents from the
cartridges to create the desired smell. This mix would then be released through a small vent on the phone, allowing
you to smell it. With just a few cartridges, your phone could potentially create a huge variety of smells, much like
how red, green and blue pixels can create countless colors.
Creating a phone that can produce smells involves several challenges. One is designing a system that can
produce thousands of different smells using only a few cartridges. Another is how to control how strong a scent
should be and how long a phone should send it out. And phones will also need to sense odors near them and
convert those to digital codes so your friends’ phones can send smells to you. The cartridges should also be easy to
refill, and the chemicals in them should be safe to breathe. These hurdles make it a tricky but exciting area of
research.
28．What enables a phone screen to present diverse visual contents from paragraph 1?
A．Special sensors detecting colors. B．A unique way for color reflection.
C．Advanced software for image generation. D．Pixels of three primary colors in combination.
29．What can we learn about digital scent from paragraph 2?
A．It is created by using cartridges. B．It’s a fully-developed technology.C．It comes from the same cartridges. D．It is related to images on mobile phones.
30．What is one of the troubles scientists face when developing digital scent technology?
A．Creating new scents that don’t exist in nature.
B．Combining all primary colors to produce one smell.
C．Regulating the strength and duration of scents.
D．Finding a way to emit scents that last for a long time.
31．What is the main idea of the text?
A．A comparison between image combination and smell production.
B．The development and challenges of digital scent technology.
C．The advantages of updating a phone that can display images.
D．The history and future of complex phone technology.
5.（2025·湖北省武汉市第一中学高三联考）
When science fiction and the science of time meet, they invite us into a deep exploration of the nature of
time. Despite its presence everywhere in daily life, time remains a mystery, with no definitive definition. Our
concept of time may be a mental shortcut, a tool for our limited brains to comprehend change.
The English language frequently employs the noun“time,” yet we lack a satisfactory explanation for it.
Concerning time, quantum (量子) mechanics and daily experiences often contradict each other, suggesting time’s
complexity and ambiguous nature. Our mental conception of time may never correspond with its reality in the
universe, but this shouldn’t stop us from exploring it.
Many science fiction quotes touch on time. Ray Cummings’ 1919 novel, The Girl in the Golden Atom,
offers a memorable quote: “Time is what keeps everything from happening at once,” implying time’s structural
role in the universe. Blake Crouch’s Recursion presents a contrasting view: “Time is a false image, a concept
made out of human memory.”
Robert Charles Wilson’s Spin explores various forms of time, from personal measurement to cosmic scales,
emphasizing our challenging relationship with it. S. D．Unwin’s One Second Per Second suggests time as chaos
within a cosmic plan, with people and civilizations as its playthings. Robert V. S. Redick’s Vanishing Point
describes time as a trick due to our comprehension of time’s flow.
Captain Jean-Luc Picard from Star Trek says, “Time is a companion who reminds us to cherish every
moment,” emphasizing its value. David Brin’s Brightness Reef describes time as a cruel judge, punishing even the
successful and brilliant. Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships catches time’s frightening nature, darkening human
achievements in the vastness of time.
Time travel, a major topic of science fiction, is often discussed. H. G. Wells’ 1895 novel The Time Machine
poses the enduring question of whether moving backward and forward in time is possible. These quotes from
science fiction highlight our troubled relationship with time and encourage us to think more deeply about its
reality.
8．What is the overall tone of the text?
A．Inquiring. B．Pessimistic. C．Persuasive. D．Definitive.
9．What can be learned about time from paragraph 2?
A．Time is easy to understand but has a complex nature in science.B．Time is a common concept in daily life well corresponding with scientific reality.
C．Daily experiences often go against scientific understandings of time.
D．Quantum physics has no impact on our understanding of time.
10．What does Stephen Baxter’s The Time Ships emphasize?
A．Time as a companion who reminds us to cherish every moment.
B．The insignificance of human successes in the long history of time.
C．The possibility to move backward and forward in time at will.
D．A false belief due to our comprehension of time’s flow.
11．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．The history of time and famous quotes in science fiction.
B．The definition of time in scientific terms and time travel.
C．The relationship between time and daily life.
D．The science of time and its exploration in science fiction.
题型三 阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题
1.（2025·山东省德州市优高联盟九校联考）
There was a young girl in China who was initially engaged in making hairpins. She was quite skilled,
creating various delicate hairpins with traditional Chinese elements. However, her work was mainly within a
certain range of styles.
One day, a message in the comment section of her post caught her attention. Someone suggested that she
could try making the hidden weapons described in novels. Inspired by this idea, she decided to make a change.
When she began making the hidden weapons, numerous difficulties emerged. Firstly, there was a lack of
real prototypes for reference. She could only rely on the descriptions in novels and her imagination to figure out
the shapes and structures. Secondly, the size setting was a great challenge. The hidden weapons needed to be small
enough to be concealed easily, but at the same time, they had to possess the basic functions and deadliness of
weapons. For example, making a dagger (短剑) that could be hidden in a sleeve or a small section required precise
measurement and design. Moreover, the mechanism of quickly taking out and transforming the weapons was
extremely complicated. She had to experiment with various materials and designs to ensure that the hidden
weapons could be smoothly and rapidly taken out in a simulated combat situation.
She spent a lot of time and effort on this new pursuit. She carefully selected materials and used her
craftsmanship to transform simple materials into realistic and cool hidden weapons. Her works, such as a sharp
and beautifully decorated dagger, gradually gained popularity on the Internet. Through her creations, more and
more people, especially young people, became interested in the traditional weapon culture in China. She realized
that her work could not only show her creativity but also carry forward Chinese traditional culture.
For her future, she is determined to continue exploring and innovating in this field to let the charm of
Chinese traditional culture shine brightly in the whole world.
24．What was the girl mainly doing at first?
A．Producing hairpins with Chinese features. B．Designing modern and fashionable hairpins.
C．Creating hidden weapons inspired by novels. D．Making hidden weapons with limited design
styles.25．Why did the girl want to make a change?
A．Her failure in making traditional hairpins.
B．A piece of advice from an online follower.
C．A request to change her styles from a customer.
D．Her inspiration when reading novels about hidden weapons.
26．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．The basic functions of hidden weapons. B．The origin and history of hidden weapons.
C．The difficulties in making hidden weapons. D．The precise measurement and designs of hidden
weapons.
27．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The Girl Who Made Beautiful Weapons
B．Difficulties in Making Hidden Weapons
C．The Popularity of Chinese Traditional Weapons
D．From Hairpin Maker to Hidden Weapon Creator
2.（2025·重庆市南开中学高三第五次质量检测）
Many factors can influence whether a patient lives or dies. The quality of the drugs they receive, the rigour
with which their symptoms are monitored, or — more surprisingly — the gender of the attending physician.
A 2017 study by Yusuke Tsugawa and colleagues published in JAMA Internal Medicine analyzed medical
records of 1.5 million hospitalized older adults from 2011 to 2014. The study revealed that patients treated by
female physicians had a 4% lower risk of death and readmission within 30 days compared to those treated by male
physicians. And more recent studies have supported the finding.
These studies are connected to the past findings, looking back at naturally occurring data rather than
randomized-controlled (随机对照) experiments. This could conceal any underlying factors that might be driving
the effect. For example, it could be that female physicians tend to be assigned healthier patients than their male
colleagues. In an experiment where patients were randomly assigned doctors, any such links would be broken.
To control for such effects, most studies try to account for the impact of different hospitals and procedures
in
their analysis, with some comparing across groups of patients who are matched for age, sex, and illness severity,
as well as groups of surgeons matched by age and surgical experience. No matter how the data are sliced, female
physicians seem to perform better.
Researchers say the next step is to figure out why. Dr. Christopher Wallis, the lead author on several of the
Canadian papers, suggests, “I think it’s a series of behaviors that are linked with gender. Female physicians tend to
spend more time with patients, are more likely to provide preventive care, and tend to stick more closely to clinical
guidelines than their male colleagues do. This could minimize the risk of preventable deaths.” Further
investigation into the factors contributing to these differences may enhance healthcare quality and equity across
the medical profession.
8．What can we learn from Yusuke Tsugawa’s study?
A．Doctor’s gender decides the patient survival rate.
B．Men doctors’ patients are more likely to be hospitalized.C．Patients treated by women doctors have better outcomes.
D．Women doctors are more competent than male ones.
9．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Benefits of random trials. B．Approaches of the researches.
C．Practices of controlled experiments. D．Limitations of the studies.
10．To regulate such effects, most studies are conducted by ________.
A．focusing on patients with severe illnesses
B．considering a set of controlled factors
C．using the same treatment plan in every hospital
D．comparing the data from randomized patients
11．According to Dr. Christopher, women doctors tend to ________.
A．recommend health choices
B．rely on experience in treatment
C．rush through patient consultations
D．challenge traditional medical practices
3.（2025·河北省保定市高三期末）
When I looked at the Pennington Day dog show’s Look-Alike Contest in suburban New Jersey in the
mid-1990s, I had all the confidence of a young girl assured of victory. After all, her puppy had long, floppy ears
that perfectly matched her wavy, blond bob.
Turns out, there is actual science to back up the stereotype (模式化观念) that dogs look like their owners.
A recent review of 15 studies from around the globe suggests that not only people and their pets look and act
similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities deepen over time.
In many of the studies, scientists asked study volunteers to match pictures of dogs and their owners, which
they did better than they would just by chance. Another found that women often had hair of a similar length to the
dogs’ ears. So what gives? Experts suspect people choose dogs that look like them or reflect them in some way.
The review also showed that dogs and owners have similar personality characteristics, especially
extroversion and neuroticism, and that their temperaments (性情) appeared to grow more alike. The study offers
different theories for why, including that owners may be drawn to dogs that are like them to begin with, and as
they age together, the two species may regulate each other’s emotions, reinforce each other’s behavior, or learn
together.
“It resembles (像) the way we also look for our partners,” says study leader Yana Bender, a doctoral
researcher in the DogStudies Research Group in Germany. Dogs and their owners share “a very close
relationship...comparable to many human relationships.”
Authors of the review also noted that the number of dogs and owners included in the studies are relatively
small. Many of the owners who volunteered to participate in the studies also had purebred dogs, and scientists
need more data on hybrid dogs, which are more common worldwide. Additionally, owner bias plays a role:
Without a standardized way to assess dogs’ personalities, scientists must ask people to evaluate their own pets,
who can be as hard to think about objectively as your human family.
8．Why does the author mention the Look-Alike Contest in the first paragraph?A．To lead in the topic. B．To introduce the contest.
C．To give an example. D．To explain the background.
9．What can be inferred from the text?
A．People and their pets have similar hairstyles.
B．People and their pets mirror each other to some extent.
C．Dogs and their partners share a very close relationship.
D．The similarities between dogs and owners weaken over time.
10．What do we know about dogs and owners in paragraph 4?
A．They share the same personality characteristics.
B．They resemble in appearance and age.
C．The dogs may be attracted by owners who look like them.
D．They influence each other in terms of behavior and emotion.
11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．The background of the research. B．The focus of the research.
C．The limitations of the research. D．The prospect of the research.
4.（2025·福建省宁德市高三月考）
In the last two years, tennis has taken over our closets, our screens and now — our living rooms, furniture
from thrown tennis balls.
At least that is the hope of Belgian eco-designer Mathilde Wittock, who fashions furniture from thrown
tennis balls. Wittock’s chase longues (躺椅) are entirely cushionless — save for the filling of 500 precisely
arranged tennis balls. Her one-meter-long benches are similarly few and far between, with some 270 balls being
both stylish and structurally substantial.
Around 300 million tennis balls are produced each year — and almost all of them end up in landfills, taking
over 400 years to decompose (分解). Wittock estimates the lifecycle of a ball stands at just nine games, depending
on the level of tennis being played.
It takes Wittock around three to four weeks to build a chair. Every ball is cut and dyed by hand, with colors
picked out especially to fit the client’s space. It was through much trial and error that she was able to use the shape
of the ball while masking some of its all-too-easily- recognized features. “I needed to find an assembly that
changed the iconic appearance of the tennis balls,” she said. “It’s yellow and has these white lines. How do I deal
with them?”
Wittock started to see the design’s possibilities of the sporting equipment when she was studying at Central
Saint Martins, an art school in London. Today, she receives all her materials via donations from tennis clubs.
Collections began small — sometimes with just 10 tossed balls at a time — but quickly grew. Now, Wittock
works with the Federation of Wallonia in Brussels, who have offered her their entire stock — around 100,000.
How long
will it last? “It’s enough for a few months,” she said. “If things get wild, maybe it will last nine months. Because I
have a rhythm of cutting tennis balls. I can get through 1,800 per week.”
24．Why are the numbers listed in paragraph 2?
A．To highlight a waste. B．To promote a product.C．To state the material of furniture. D．To show tennis’ popularity.
25．What function does paragraph 3 act as?
A．A background. B．An example. C．A definition. D．A proof.
26．What does Wittock have to do to handle the thrown tennis balls?
A．She cleans them cleverly. B．She asks her friends for help.
C．She uses their characteristics. D．She adjusts their colors accordingly.
27．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．Wittock’s work plans. B．Wittock’s stuff sources.
C．Wittock’s pride in profits. D．Wittock’s education experience.
5.（2025·黑龙江省大庆市大庆中学高三期末）
“Keep learning and strive to be the best in your field” is the motto of Xu Zhenchao, a 74-year-old
technician at Shandong Port Group’s Qingdao Port in Shandong province. It’s an ethic that has guided him
throughout his career, leading to his recent recognition as a “People’s Craftsman”.
When he started working at the port in 1974, he operated a lifting machine. To swiftly master the skill, Xu
dedicated himself to practicing for hours and finally achieved proficiency. Xu's professionalism saw him selected
as one of the first container bridge crane (起重机) operators in 1984. By studying diligently, Xu gradually became
an expert in operating and repairing bridge cranes. In 2000, when the port initiated the construction of a new
terminal. Xu was appointed as the chief commander overseeing the installation of cranes. After more than 40 days
of hard work, a massive bridge crane, weighing l,300 metric tons and towering 75 meters high, finally stood on the
expansive dock at Qianwan. The advanced crane equipment enabled Xu and his colleagues to set a world record
for container handling by unloading 3,400 standard containers from a ship and loading them onto trucks in just six
hours.
In 2006, after two years of technical research and development, Xu and his team converted (改造) diesel-
powered (柴油动力) tire cranes to run on electricity, saving the port 20 million yuan a year in operating costs
and eliminating air pollution.
“He is a man born for the port,” said Guo Lei, his apprentice (学徒), who is now an expert crane operator,
“He shows technical workers the importance of learning and innovating.”
4．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．Xu’s anticipations. B．Xu’s achievements.
C．Xu’s career challenges. D．Xu’s educational background.
5．What did Xu and his team achieve in 2006?
A．Establishing a new terminal at Qianwan.
B．Setting a world record for container handling
C．Reducing cost and protecting the environment.
D．Installing a massive bridge crane on the dock.
6．How does the author develop the text?
A．By listing the causes. B．By comparing the contributions.
C．By summarizing the events. D．By following the order of events,
7．What can we learn from Xu’s story?A．Two heads are better than one.
B．A slow sparrow should make an early start
C．Learning and innovating are key to success.
D．Science and technology are the primary productive forces.
Passage 1
1.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研）
Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode
of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his
Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over
the past decade.
Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight
and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being
“clean”.
The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by
the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I
also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of
my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,”
Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting.
“Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work —
of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his
work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush,
he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting
is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to
be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only
future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing.
4．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career?
A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues.
C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy.
5．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________.
A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China
6．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings?
A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean.
C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles.
7．What is the text mainly about?
A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting.
B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art.C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting.
D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain.
2.（2025·江苏省常州市高三质量调研）
Google’s recently introduced Willow quantum chip (量子芯片) is a significant breakthrough in the field of
quantum computing. It has 105 physical quantum bits and can complete a complex benchmark (基准) calculation
in less than five minutes, while the fastest common computer would take 1025 years for the same task. This chip
represents a major technological breakthrough as it solves the long-standing problem of quantum error correction.
The working mechanism of Willow is centered around its advanced error correction processes. It uses
quantum correction codes, where multiple physical quantum bits are networked to create a single logical quantum
bit, allowing for the identification of errors without disturbing the original quantum state. The chip also
incorporates a system of active supervision that continuously monitors qubit (quamtum bit) behavior, detects
abnormalities in real-time, and take measures immediately to correct errors.
This combination of real-time error correction and constant monitoring, along with an optimized
architecture for handling qubits, enables Willow to reduce errors exponentially (呈指数增长) as the number of
qubits increases. This is a major achievement, solving a problem that has plagued the field for nearly 30 years and
paving the way for more powerful and practical quantum computing systems in the future.
The potential applications of Willow are vast, including quickening drug discovery, improving electric
vehicle battery design, and advancing fusion energy and new energy alternatives. In conclusion, Google’s Willow
quantum chip holds great promise for the future of computing and various industries.
However, it should be noted that Willow is still in the laboratory stage and requires further testing and
improvement before practical application. It currently has 105 qubits, still too small to handle truly useful and
complex real-world tasks. Experts suggest that millions of qubits may be needed to solve important industry
problems. Moreover, the chip needs to operate in extremely low-temperature and highly controlled laboratory
environments, which limits its immediate practical use. Therefore, while Willow shows great promise for the
future of quantum computing, it is not yet ready for practical applications at present.
8．What should be left undisturbed when solving the problem of quantum error correction?
A．Quantum correction codes. B．The network of quantum errors.
C．The original state of quantum. D．The system of active supervision.
9．What does the underlined word “plagued” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Caused trouble to. B．Made use of.
C．Had difficulty in.D．Set standards for.
10．Which of the following limits Willow’s practical use?
A．Narrow application market. B．High testing cost.
C．Small qubit number. D．Possible environment pollution.
11．Which of the following would be the best title for this article?
A．Willow: A Quantum Chip Setting New Benchmark
B．Google’s Willow: The End of Computing Problems
C．Willow Quantum Chip: Ready for practical application
D．Google’s Willow: Innovations and Limitations3.（2025·吉林省长春市实验中学高三期末）
[1] Faced with an attempt by a new chatbot to imitate his own songs, the musician Nick Cave delivered a
strong response: it was an absolutely horrible attempt. He understood that AI was in its babyhood, but could only
conclude that the true horror might be that it will forever be in its babyhood. While a robot might one day be able
to create a song, he wrote, it would never grow beyond a kind of burlesque (滑稽的模仿).
[2] Fans of Cave and his band will agree that his music is inimitable, but that doesn’t mean they would
necessarily be able to tell the difference. A few days before Cave’s remarks, experts were asked to distinguish
between four genuine artworks and their AI imitations. Their conclusions were wrong five times out of 12, and
they were only right in one of the four picture comparisons.
[3] These are party games, but they point to an unfolding challenge that must be managed as a matter of
urgency because, like it or not, AI art is upon us. The arrival of ChatGPT which can imitate humans, might have
increased general awareness of the challenge, but artists from various fields are already exploring its potential,
with the dancer Wayne McGregor and London’s Young Vic Theatre among those who have created AI-based
works.
[4] A strongly-worded report from Communications and Digital Committee (CDC) issued a wake-up call to
the government, urging it to improve its efforts in educating future generations of tech experts, and tackling key
regulatory challenges. These included reviewing reforms to intellectual property law, strengthening the rights of
artists, and taking action to support the creative industry in adapting to the disturbances caused by technological
changes.
[5] The challenges of AI are both philosophical, as Cave suggested, and practical. They will unfold over the
short and long term. State-of-the-art creative industries have a key role to play in shaping and exploring the
philosophical ones, but they must have the practical help they require to survive and be successful. They need it
now.
8．What can you tell about Nick Cave’s attitude to AI in paragraph 1?
A．Tolerant. B．Unclear. C．Skeptical. D．Indifferent.
9．Why are the examples given in paragraph 2?
A．To argue that human art will be replaced by AI art. B．To stress the similarities between works of arts.
C．To prove AI is stretching the boundaries of art. D．To imply AI art cannot be underestimated.
10．What can be inferred from the text?
A．Some artists see AI as a tool even though it is a threat.
B．Tech experts need more training to better understand AI art.
C．Creative industries are responsible for causing the AI problems.
D．The quality of AI art dismisses concerns about intellectual property.
11．Which would be the best title for the text?
A．The Creative Thief: AI Makes Perfect Art B．AI in Art: A Challenge That Must Be Met
C．The Rise of AI: What It Means to Humans? D．Threat or Opportunity: What is the Impact of AI?
4.（2025·辽宁省锦州市高三联考）
European explorers “discovered” Antarctica in the 1820s. However, they were likely not the first navigators
to sail the cold waters of the southern Pacific Ocean. The indigenous (土著的) people of mainland New Zealand
— Māori — have a significantly longer history with Earth’s southernmost continent. A recent paper in the Journalof the Royal Society of New Zealand aims to bring to light the contributions of the Māori people to Antarctic
voyages.
Led by Dr. Priscilla Wehi, the team looked at Māori oral histories as well as “grey literature” — research
outside of conventional academic areas, and found connections between the Maori and the waters south of New
Zealand have been occurring since the earliest traditional voyaging. “The narratives of under-represented groups
and their connection to Antarctica remain poorly documented and acknowledged in the research literature,” Wehi
said. “This paper begins to fill this gap.”
The researchers first highlight an early 7th century southern voyage by a Māori chief Hui Te Rangiora and
his crew. This early explorer is said to have reached the Southern or Antarctic Ocean, the Ross Ice Shelf on the
edge of Antarctica, where the navigator encountered snow and icebergs. This would have likely made them the
first humans to see Antarctic waters, over a thousand years before the European expedition.
Even with the arrival of European explorers, Maori special knowledge was valued. Te Atu — a Ngāpuhi
man — has been called the first Māori and first New Zealander to help map the Antarctic coastline in 1840.Māori
were also part of the “Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration” in the late 19th and early 20th century, helping
European explorers with medicine, construction, scientific practice and more on journeys to Antarctica.
More recently, a number of Māori have participated in New Zealand’s Antarctic science programs, doing
study on everything from the effects of climate change to penguin population ecology. The team behind this latest
paper hopes that more and more Māori people will contribute their knowledge and experiences to advance the
scientific enquiry on this remote continent.
24．What is the main topic of the new paper?
A．The European exploration of Antarctica.
B．The history of Māori voyages to Antarctica.
C．The scientific research conducted in Antarctica.
D．The effects of climate change on Antarctic ecosystems.
25．What phenomenon does Dr. Priscilla Wehi describe in paragraph 2?
A．Traveling to Antarctica is now popular. B．Māori community deserves more attention.
C．Literature goes beyond conventional research. D．Māori exploration is often ignored by scholars.
26．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．European explorers’ journeys to Antarctica. B．Māori’s trouble in exploring the Antarctica.
C．Māori’s contributions to Antarctic exploration.D．European explorers’ help with Māori’s voyages.
27．What can be expected about Maori’s future role according to the team?
A．It will change due to the team’s help. B．It will dominate the scientific research.
C．It will be superior to European scientists. D．It will add depth to the Antarctic research.
1.（2024·北京卷）D
Franz Boas’s description of Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the probable moral code of
early humans. Here, norms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understood andtaken to heart. Dishonest and violent behaviours were disapproved of; leadership, marriage and interactions with
other groups were loosely governed by traditions. Conflict was often resolved in musical battles. Because arguing
angrily leads to chaos, it was strongly discouraged. With life in the unforgiving Northern Canada being so
demanding, the Inuit’s practical approach to morality made good sense.
The similarity of moral virtues across cultures is striking, even though the relative ranking of the virtues may
vary with a social group’s history and environment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discouraged, while
cooperation, humbleness and courage are praised. These universal norms far pre-date the concept of any
moralising religion or written law. Instead, they are rooted in the similarity of basic human needs and our shared
mechanisms for learning and problem solving. Our social instincts (本能) include the intense desire to belong. The
approval of others is rewarding, while their disapproval is strongly disliked. These social emotions prepare our
brains to shape our behaviour according to the norms and values of our family and our community. More
generally, social instincts motivate us to learn how to behave in a socially complex world.
The mechanism involves a repurposed reward system originally used to develop habits important for self-
care. Our brains use the system to acquire behavioural patterns regarding safe routes home, efficient food
gathering and dangers to avoid. Good habits save time, energy and sometimes your life. Good social habits do
something similar in a social context. We learn to tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a
grandparent even when it is inconvenient. We acquire what we call a sense of right and wrong.
Social benefits are accompanied by social demands: we must get along, but not put up with too much. Hence
self-discipline is advantageous. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain boosts self-control, just as it boosts problem-
solving skills in the social as well as the physical world. These abilities are strengthened by our capacity for
language, which allows social practices to develop in extremely unobvious ways.
32. What can be inferred about the forming of the Inuit’s moral code?
A. Living conditions were the drive. B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Social tradition was the basis. D. Honesty was the key.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. Inconveniences are the cause of telling lies. B. Basic human needs lead to universal norms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-control. D. Written laws have great influence on virtues.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Across Cultures B. The Values of Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against Chaos D. The Roots of Morality
2.（2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·阅读理解B篇）
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden
programme at four low-income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills,
environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast
food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles
of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though
some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such assoil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a
year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who
say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that
they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a
calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get
outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
( )27.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Rescuing school gardens
B.Experiencing country life
C.Growing vegetable lovers
D.Changing local landscape
3.2022年全国甲卷之C篇
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing
and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey
towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing.
Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a
humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You
could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
4.D【2022·新高考I卷】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking,
five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half
the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic
period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow
to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world
languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand
years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings
evolved around 300,000 years ago. ”The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the
appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a
complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,“ said Steven Moran, a member of the
research team.
12. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
13. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
15. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
A. It is key to effective communication.B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
5.D【2022·全国甲卷】
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its
harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks,
superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re
not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are
increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s,
Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she
said. “We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that
we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a
thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told
me. “What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the
Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a
drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. Sydney’s striking architecture. B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C. The key to Sydney’s development. D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
A. It is losing its traditions. B. It should speed up its progress.
C. It should expand its population. D. It is becoming more international.
35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
A. A city can be young and old at the same time.
B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C. modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
6.2022年全国甲卷之C篇Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the
experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on
visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.
C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.
27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners
C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters
7.2022年全国乙卷之C篇
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same
thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway
tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-
time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the
board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous workthat could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways,
detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones
for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the
future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small
drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their
ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
28. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
30. What function is expected of the rail drones?
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
31. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
8.2022年1月浙江卷之C篇
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.
New researchers found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to
develop dementia in later life, and as they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr. Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said: "These findings are
exciting because it’s possible that improving people's cardiovascular （心血管 ）fitness in middle age could
delay or even prevent them from developing dementia. "
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were exhausted to
measure their peak （最大值的） cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103
watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level, or 120 watts or higher. A total of 92 women
were in the medium fitness category; and 59 women were in the low fitness category, defined as a peak workload
of 80 watts or less, or having their exercise tests stopped because of high blood pressure, chest pain or other
cardiovascular problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44
of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25
percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only
shows an association. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk ofdementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important. " She also admitted that
a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were form Sweden, so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
7. What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A. Positive effects of doing exercises.
B. Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C. Experimental studies on diseases.
D. Advantages of sporty woman over man
8. Why did the researchers ask the woman to do bicycle exercise?
A. To predict their maximum heart rate.
B. To assess their cardiovascular capacity
C. To change their habits of working out
D. To detect their potential health problems
9. What do we know about Dr Horder's study?
A. It aimed to find a cure for dementia.
B. Data collection was a lengthy process.
C. Some participants withdrew from it.
D. The results were far from satisfactory.
10. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B. Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C. Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D. Biking Improves Women's Cardiovascular Fitness
8.2021年全国乙卷之B篇
When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian homes still paying for a
landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely
only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use
it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is callingbefore we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
10.2021年6月浙江卷之C篇
If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or annoyed, you may be onto
something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human faces, according to a new
study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of
the person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by
showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The
researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their
noses more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures
based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest
that the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule
applies
to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them
with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.
C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
11.C【2021·全国新高考II卷】
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash
to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake
to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
8．What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A．Make a movie. B．Build new schools.
C．Run a project. D．Help local musicians.
9．What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A．It is particularly difficult. B．It increases artists' income.
C．It opens children's mind. D．It deserves greater attention.
10．What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A．Moral principles. B．Interpersonal skills.
C．Creative abilities. D．Positive worldviews.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Bring Artists to Schools B．When Historians Meet Artists
C．Arts Education in Britain D．The World's Best Arts Teacher12.D【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps
this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission
to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from
those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world.”
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Geniuses Think Alike B．Genius Takes Many Forms
C．Genius and Intelligence D．Genius and Luck
13.C【2021·全国新高考I卷】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of
overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a
Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political
cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of
the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural
resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that
ensures
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollarshas gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
31．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．The Federal Duck Stamp Story B．The National Wildlife Refuge System
C．The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D．The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
14.C【2021·全国高考乙卷】
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group
of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B．Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C．Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D．Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
15.2021年新高考I卷之C篇
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of
these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of
overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a
Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political
cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director ofthe Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural
resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that
ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion
dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck
Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
16.2021年全国甲卷之D篇
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want
to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more
intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps
this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission
to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different
color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say
that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that
belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our
planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the
answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see
flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like
gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from
those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the
world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C.They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
17.2021年全国乙卷之C篇
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean
ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Von Wong
wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine
their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,” a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic
waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the
sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source（来源）of
plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and,
because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork
likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take
centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate（说明） a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a
truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled “Truckload of Plastic,” Von Wong and a group
of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been
dumped（倾倒） from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
28. What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for?
A. Beautifying the city he lives in. B. Introducing eco-friendly products.
C. Drawing public attention to plastic waste. D. Reducing garbage on the beach.
29. Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3?
A. To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B. To explain why they are useful.
C. To voice his views on modern art.
D. To find a substitute for them.30. What effect would “Truckload of Plastic” have on viewers?
A. Calming. B. Disturbing.
C. Refreshing. D. Challenging.
31. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Artists’ Opinions on Plastic Safety
B. Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C. Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
18.2021年6月浙江卷
We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk from home where
neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen —
any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four and a half
hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and
three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear
without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type,
appointed himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as
a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the
World Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really
interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being
outdoors will be on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send
them out into the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it.
Let us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
19.2021年1月浙江卷之C篇
Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use tocommunicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a "vocabulary" of 66
gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining
more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where
they deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”
Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In
one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately
jumps on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another
species (物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr
Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
44．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
45．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
46．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
47．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
20.2020年新课标Ⅰ卷之D篇
The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies
havefound positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas
of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their
workplaces were decorated with houseplants.
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things
that we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables.
Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light ，about one-
thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to
light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.
in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in
a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off＂
switch＂where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.
Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far
removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote
highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).
Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. A new study of different plants.
B. A big fall in crime rates.
C. Employees from various workplaces.
D. Benefits from green plants.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water
B. To change compositions of plants
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
A. They will speed up energy production.
B. They may transmit electricity to the home.
C. They might help reduce energy consumption.
D. They could take the place of power plants.
35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A. Can we grow more glowing plants?
B. How do we live with glowing plants?
C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?
D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?
21.2020年全国II卷之D篇I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an
enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while
other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did
everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !
It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the
library lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library
when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge
that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1
think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library.
Share library
announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
22.2020年新课标ⅠII卷之D篇
We are the products of evolution, and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago. As scientists look
deeper into our genes (基因), they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.
People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes. Cattle -raising people in East Africa and
northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults.
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation - not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the
Philippines. They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts (支柱)
in coastal waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land,” said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii
researcher who studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. “We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer
than us local islanders,” Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea.”
In201, Melissa Ilardo, then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen, heard about the
Bajau. She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the
task easier for them. “it seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,” said Dr.
Ilardo. She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive.
32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
A. Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B. New knowledge of human evolution.
C. Recent findings of human origin. D. Significance of food selection.
33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B. Highlanders’ Survival Skills
C. Basic Methods of Genetic Research D. The World’s Best Divers
23.2020年6月浙江卷之C篇
Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial skills might help
your brain stay sharp as you age, a study published Wednesday in the journal Neurology suggests.
Researchers from the University of Leipzig in Germany gathered more than 1, 000 retired workers who were
over age 75 and assessed the volunteers’ memory and thinking skills through a battery of tests. Then, for eight
years, the scientists asked the same group to come back to the lab every 18 months to take the same sorts of tests.
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on
the tests. And they tended to lose cognitive(认知) function at a much slower rate than those with the least mentally
challenging jobs. The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status.
“This works just like physical exercise, ” says Francisca Then, who led the study. “After a long run, you may
feel like you’re in pain, you may feel tired. But it makes you fit. After a long day at work-sure, you will feel tired,
but it can help your brain stay healthy. ”
It's not just corporate jobs, or even paid work that can help keep your brain fit, Then points out. A waiter’s
job, for example, that requires multitasking, teamwork and decision-making could be just as stimulating as any
high-level office work. And “running a family household requires high-level planning and coordinating(协调), ”
she says. “You have to organize the activities of the children and take care of the bills and groceries. ”
Of course, our brains can decline as we grow older for lots of reasons-including other environmental
influences or genetic factors. Still, continuing to challenge yourself mentally and keeping your mind busy can onlyhelp.
28. Why did the scientists ask the volunteers to take the tests?
A. To assess their health status. B. To evaluate their work habits.
C. To analyze their personality. D. To measure their mental ability.
29. How does Francisca Then explain her findings in paragraph 4?
A. By using an expert’s words. B. By making a comparison.
C. By referring to another study. D. By introducing a concept.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Retired Workers Can Pick Up New Skills
B. Old People Should Take Challenging Jobs
C. Your Tough Job Might Help Keep You Sharp
D. Cognitive Function May Decline As You Age
24.2020年1月浙江卷之C篇
Today's world is not an easy adjustment for young adults. Key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a
characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers. Researchers from Brigham Young University
discovered that fathers are in a unique position to help their adolescent children learn persistence.
BYU professors Laura Padilla-Walker and Randal Day arrived at these findings after following 325
American families over several years. And over time，the persistence gained through fathers led to higher
achievement in school.
"There are relatively few studies that stress the unique role of fathers，"Padilla-Walker said. "This research
also helps to prove that characteristics such as persistence-which can be taught-are key to a child's life success.”
Researchers determined that dads need to practice an "authoritative" parenting style. Authoritative parenting
is not authoritarian:rigid，demanding or controlling. Rather，an authoritative parenting style includes some of the
following characteristics:children feel warmth and love from their father；responsibility and the reasons behind
rules are stressed children are given an appropriate level of autonomy(自主权).
In the study，about 52 percent of the dads exhibited above-average levels of authoritative parenting. A key
finding is that over time，children raised by an authoritative father were significantly more likely to develop
persistence，which leads to better outcomes in school.
This particular study examined 11 to 14-year-olds living in two-parent homes. Yet the researchers suggest
that single parents still may play a role in teaching the benefits of persistence，which is an avenue of future
research.
27. What is special about the BYU professors' study?
A. It centered on fathers' role in parenting.
B. It was based on a number of large families.
C. It analyzed different kinds of parenting styles.
D. It aimed to improve kids' achievement in school.
28. What would an authoritative father do when raising his children?
A. Ignore their demands. B. Make decisions for them.
C. Control their behaviors. D. Explain the rules to them.
29. Which group can be a focus of future studies according to the researchers?A. Single parents.
B. Children aged from 11 to 14.
C. Authoritarian fathers.
D. Mothers in two-parent homes.
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Three Characteristics of Authoritative Fathers.
B. Key Skills for Young Adults to Succeed in Future.
C. Children Tend to Learn Determination from Father.
D. Family Relationship Influences School Performance.
23. B【2020·全国新课标III】
When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal
activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film
stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:
"Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"
The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,
spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with
computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.
Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One
nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more
than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover
Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been
treated properly.
In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s
the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made
outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.241
25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The cost of making "Apes."
B. The creation of digitalized apes.
C. The publicity about “Apes."
D. The performance of real apes.
