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高考英语语法词汇专项突破：01 状语和状语从句考点扫描+巩固练习+答案
英语中, 修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、
结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份。作状语主要有时间副词(也称作时间名
词)、副词(词组)、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、独立主格结构、少数形容词(词组)、
by+Ving，惯用的特殊词组等。当用从句作状语时就是状语从句，根据状语从句的作用有原因、条件、结
果、方式、让步、比较等状语从句。现将其主要考点总结如下：
一、单词或短语作状语
状语一般由副词、介词短语、现在分词、动词不定式、独立主格结构或相当于副词的词或短语来担
当，偶尔也用形容词作状语。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。
（一）副词作状语
副词作状语是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。
如：
It reports that numerous fishes in Haihe River die from serious pollution. It surprised me so deeply.
《中国日报》上的一篇报道，说的是由于污染，海河里出现了无数的死鱼，这让我很吃惊。（副词
deeply作状语修饰动词surprised。）
We should never neglect our users when developing software.
制作软件的时候，我们决不能忽视我们的用户。（频度副词never修饰动词neglect。）
They hope to create a greater passion for reading books in children, especially in the age of mobile phones
and computers.
他们希望孩子们对读书产生更大的热情，尤其是在这个手机和电脑的时代。（副词especially修饰介词
短语 in the age of......。）
This man may have killed others but unfortunately we have no firm evidence.
这名男子可能还杀过别的人，只可惜我们没有确凿的证据。（副词unfortunately修饰句子we have no
firm evidence，可以理解为：It’s unfortunate that we have no firm evidence.。）
【考例】No matter where I buy them, one steamer is (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am
always left wanting more next time.（2023新高考I卷）
答案与解析：rarely。考查副词作状语。修饰形容词用副词作状语，形容词rare的副词形式是rarely，
意思是“少有，绝少，稀有地，罕有”，故填rarely。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼
又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。【考例】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant
pandas, and 58 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. （2022新高考全国I卷）
答案与解析：eventually。考查副词作状语。分析句子可知，空处后为动词achieve，空处应用副词作状语修
饰动词achieve，结合语意可知，此处意为“最终”，应用副词eventually。故填eventually。句意：GPNP
的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。
【考例】Henry was away from home for quite a bit and ______ saw his family. (XXXX·全国大纲卷)
A.frequently B.seldom C.always D.usually
答案与解析：B。连词and表示递进关系，根据前面“已经离开家有一段时间”看出“很少见到家
人”，用否副词seldom。
（二）介词短语作状语
介词短语可做地点状语、时间状语、方式状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、程度状语等。有四
种用法：（1）用来修饰动词；（2）用来修饰形容词；（3）修饰副词（比较少用）；（4）修饰整个句
子。 如：
Thus there are times during a snowstorm when the temperature will suddenly drop and the snow will change to
sleet and hail.
这样，在暴风雪期间，有时气温会突然下降，雪会变成冻雨和冰雹。（介词短语作时间状语。）
【考例】These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen.(XXXX·浙
江卷)
A. in memory of B. in response to C. in touch with D. in possession of
答案与解析：B。分析句子成分知道空格处是介词短语作状语，根据常识评论应该是对问题的回应。
【考例】One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.(XXXX·北京卷)
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
答案与解析：D。介词by doing作方式状语，根据并列连词and看出用动名词，相当于by correcting
them。
（三）分词作状语
作状语的分词有现在分词和过去分词，其逻辑主语要求一般要与句子的句子保持逻辑上的一致，即其
逻辑主语就是句子的主语。偶尔也有垂悬分词作状语，就是其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，已经形成固定
用法，需要特殊记住，如generally speaking, including, given, according to, considering等，其实有的已经用
作介词了。如：【考例】 ______ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and
new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. （2023▪全国乙卷）
答案与解析：Having visited。考查非谓语动词分词作状语。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语
“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分
词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，
我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。
【考例】 ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. (XXXX·天津卷)
A. To absorb B. To be absorbed C. Absorbed D. Absorbing
答案与解析：C。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，其逻辑主语就是句子主语John，用过去分词短语作
状语。
（四）不定式作状语
不定式主要作目的状语，作结果状语时置于句后，表示出乎意料的结果。如：
【考例】For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ______ (teach) a lesson or to pass on
wisdom. （2023▪全国甲卷）
答案与解析：to teach。考查非谓语动词不定式作状语。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识
或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
【考例】 ________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective
course.(XXXX·福建卷)
A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning
答案与解析：C。“更多了解到中国文化”是“杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课”的目的，动
词不定式作目的状语。
（五）with+复合宾语和独立主格或者作状语
独立主格结构的构成形式是：n/pron+adj./ adv/ prep/ n/ to do/ done/ doing，前面的名词或代词与后面有
逻辑上的主谓关系。如：
He turned painfully in his bed and looked at his white hands, with all the work gone out of them. 他在床上
痛苦地翻着身，看着他那早已不干活的、变得苍白的手。
An able teacher will not wish to teach with one hand tied behind his back.
能干的老师是不希望教书时有所限制。
【考例】Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(XXXX·江苏卷)
A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending
答案与解析：C。分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语和
分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。
（六）形容词作状语
形容词（组）作状语通常修饰谓语动词，表示与谓语动词伴随的状况，与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓
关系。如：
【考例】 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a
moral. （2023▪全国甲卷）
答案与解析：Different。考查形容词作状语。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是
道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
【考例】 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______.(XXXX全国卷II)
A.hungry and tiredly B.hungry and tired C.hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tired
答案与解析：B。本题考查形容词作状语。这里并不修饰他们走的hungry ,tired而是他们回家后的状
态。
二、状语从句
状语从句即指在主从复合句中用作状语的从句，也叫副词性从句，状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句
的谓语。。状语从句由从属连词引导，根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、
原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句等九类。状
语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词。各类状语从句的常用引导词见下表：
状语从句名称 连词
时间 when，as，while（当……时）；as soon as，hardly...when，scarcely...when，no
sooner...than，the moment/the minute/the second/the instant, immediately /directly/ instantly
（一……就）；till，until（直到）；whenever, every time，each time（每当）；since（自
从）；before（在……前）；after（在……后）； once（一旦）；by the time（到……为
止），(the) next time , (the)last time , , the first time
地点 where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere
条件 if，unless（除非），only if（只要），providing/provided(that)（假如），in case(that)，in
the event(that)，so long as/as long as，on condition that/on the understanding that（条件
是），as far as/so far as，once， suppose/supposing that（假如） ...
原因 because，since，as，now that（既然），seeing that（既然），considering that（考虑到，
因为）, in that（因为），not that…but that…不是（因为）…而是（因为）…, by reason
that, for the reason that…when(既然)结果 such(a，an)...that，so...that（如此……以至于），so，so that（结果），that...
目的 that, so that，in order that(为了，以便)，for fear that（以防），in case（以防，以免），lest
（以防）
让步
though，although（虽然），as（尽管），even if=even though（即使），whatever，
whenever，wherever，however，whichever，whoever，whomever，no matter what/
when/where /how/which/who /whom，whether or not=whether...or not（不论……还是）,
while, whereas（虽然，尽管）, granting that, granted that, admitting that, assuming that（即
使）
比较 as...as，not as/so...as，more...than，less...than, the more…the more…,
方式 as，just as，as if=as though, in the same way，what
程度 So htat, such that, to the degree/extent that, as(so) far as…
（一）时间、地点状语从句
时间状语从句引导词有：when, as, while, as soon as, before, after, since , till, until, the minute/ second/
moment; 地点状语从句引导词有：where, wherever。如：
【考例】If you miss this chance, it may be years ____ you get another one.（XXXX·重庆卷）
A.as B. before C. since D. After
答案与解析：B。时间状语从句，It be +时间段 +before ..表示“要……多久才会……”。
【考例】Located _______ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road
construction.（2017· 江苏）
答案与解析：考查地点状语从句。be located in+地点名词，位于坐落某地，where引导的地点状语从句
在此相当于in some place，故选D。句意：位于丝绸之路交汇处的江苏省将会对“一带一路”的建设做出
更大的贡献。
（二）原因、结果、目的状语从句
原因状语从句引导词有：because, since, as, for（并列连词表示原因）；目的状语从句引导词有：so
that, in order that；结果状语从句引导词有：so, so /such… that。如：
【考例】Feeling fearful is healthy ________ it helps you slow down and evaluate risks properly.（2021年6
月天津卷，3)
A. because B. until C. before D. although
答案与解析：A。考查引导状语从句连词词义辨析。A. because因为；B. until直到；C. before在……之
前；D. although虽然。根据语境，主句提到healthy（有益于健康的），连词引导的从句部分则在具体描述
为何说是有益于健康的，这是一个原因状语从句，适用because（因为）引导，故选A。句意：感到恐惧是
有益于健康的，因为它能帮助你慢下来，正确评估风险。
3.【考例】【2018·天津】Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweetenough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if C. even though D. so that
答案与解析：D。考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。A.ever since自那时起；B.as if好像；C.even
though尽管；D.so that以便。从句为目的状语从句，故用so that引导。故选D。句意：让我们这个周末再
摘这些桃子，这样的话，它们吃起来就变得足够的甜。
【考例】Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places.
(XXXX·北京卷)
A. so B. or C. for D. but
答案与解析：A。结果状语从句，“植物能够扩撒到新的地方”的原因是“一些动物把种子从一个地
方带到另一个地方”。
（三）条件、让步状语从句
条件状语从句引导词有：if，unless（除非），only if（只要），providing/provided(that)（假如），in
case(that)，in the event(that)，so long as/as long as，on condition that/on the understanding that（条件是），as
far as/so far as，once， suppose/supposing that（假如）；；让步状语从句引导词有：though, although, even
if, even though, while（置于句首）， wh-ever, no matter wh-, granting that, granted that, admitting that, assuming
that（即使）等。如：
Granting that he has ability, it does not mean that he can do the work well.
就算他有能力，但这也并不意味着他能把工作干好。
【考例】We all need to get involved in saving energy ______ it’s at work, at home, or at school.（2021年3
月天津卷，2)
A.unless B.once C.whether D.because
答案与解析：C。考查状语从句连接词词义辨析。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether无论；是
否；D.because 因为。分析句子，该空需要一个连词引导让步状语从句，根据句意及后面的or ，需要表示
“无论是…还是…”，whether符合题意。故选C项。句意：无论是在工作中，在家里，还是在学校，我
们都需要参与到节约能源的活动中来。
【考例】____you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two
nights.(2018·江苏卷)
A. Once B. Unless C. If D. When
答案与解析：B。考查连词词义辨析及语境理解。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When当……时候。故选B。句意：除非你睡得好，否则一两个晚上之后，你会失去专注、计划和保持动力的能
力。
【考例】You won’t find paper cutting difficult _____ you keep practicing it.（XXXX·北京）
A. even if B. as long as C .as if D. ever since
答案与解析：B。条件状语从句，句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。
（四）方式、比较状语从句
方式状语从句引导词有：as, as if, how, the way；比较状语从句引导词有：as, than, the more...the more...,
A is to B what/as C is to D。如：
【考例】 a single world can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the
meaning of a paragraph.（XXXX·浙江卷）
A. Just as B. Even though C. Until D. Unless
答案与解析：A。方式状语从句，句意：正如一个单词可以改变句子的意思那样，一个句子也能够改
变一个段落的意思。
三、状语从句易混易错对比分析
1.1) Just _______ I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2) _______ you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3) _______ the day went on, the weather got worse.
4) _______ I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.
5) I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ______ I heard the steps.
6) Why do you want a new job _______ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. As(as) B. When(when) C. While(while) D. Both A and B
【答案】1）D 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) B 6) B
【分析】as, when, while引导时间状语从句都有“当…的时候”的意思，但while所引动的状语从句的
谓语动词不可以用短暂性动作的动词，as, when可以。句1）的从句谓语动词stop是短暂性动作的动词，
可以用as和when，但是while不可以。故选D。当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用 when引导这
个从句，不可用as或while。故2）选B。从句表示随时间推移连词用 as，不用when 或while。故3）选
A。while还可以表示“尽管”“虽然”，引导让步状语从句，句 4）意思是：尽管我明白你说的话，但是
我不同意你的意见。故选C。when可以作并列连词，相当于and then，通常与进行时态、be about to等连
用。意思是“正…突然…”。故5）选B，意思是：我刚刚走出浴室，正用毛巾擦身的时候，突然听到有脚步声。when还有一个用法，就是表示“既然”，故6）选B。句意是：既然你已经有了一份这么好的工
作，为什么还要找一份新的工作呢？
2. 1) _______happened, he would not mind.
2) We'll make a trip _______ the weather is bad.
3) Child _______ he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
4) He will never pass the examinations, _______hard he works.
5) Hard _____ he works, he will never pass the examinations.
A. However (however) B. As (as)
C. Even (even) if D. No (no) matter what
【答案】1）D 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) B
【分析】no matter +疑问词 或疑问词+wh-ever可以引导让步状语从句，意思是“无论…”，根据1）
的从句少主语可以推断D正确，因为what是连接代词，可以在从句中作主语，故选D。even though/even if
可以引导让步状语从句，相当于though/although，故2）选C。as引导让步状语从句时要求倒装，though引
导的让步状语从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装。根据5）中hard提前可以看出B正确。4）的hard 提前应该
有修饰词修饰，所以用连接的副词however修饰，故选A。
3. 1) He must be ill, ______ he is absent today.
2) It is ten years ______ he joined our club.
3) It will be ten years ______ he joins our club.
3) It was _______ I was afraid that I didn't go.
A. because B. before C. since D. for
【答案】1）D 2) C 3) B 4) A
【分析】由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明
直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。句1）“他今天缺席了”未必一定是生病，其它原因也
会导致缺席，所以是对多种情况的判断。选D。句2）根据be动词、时间段的名词ten years和从句谓语动
词的过去时态看出属于句型：it be …since…表示“自从做某事有多久”。故2）选C。句3）与句2相似，
但是要注意主句时态是一般将来时，而从句是现在时，符合句型：It will be…before…，表示“要多久才
能….”。故选B。4）是强调句型，as, since, for都可以引导原因状语从句，也有人把for看做是并列连词。
但是只有because引导原因状语可以被强调，其他都不可以。故选A。
4. 1) Get prepared _______ you can set off immediately if something happens.
2) _______ I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.
3) My parents live in a small village. They always keep candles in the house ______ there is a power cut.4) Sometimes he acts ______he had no brain in his head.
A. Now (now) that B. As (as)if C. So (so) that D. In (in) case
【答案】1）C 2) A 3) D 4) B
【分析】so that引导目的状语从句，如1）；now that意思是“既然”，引导原因状语从句，多置于句
首，如2）；in case引导条件状语从句，意思是“万一，以免，以防”，如 3）；as if引导方式状语从句，
意思是“似乎，好像”，如4）。
5. 1) Just ______as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
2) I didn't manage to do it ______until you had explained how.
3) I sleep with the window open______ unless its really cold.
4) He is such a young boy ______that he can't go to school.
A. unless B. until C. as Ｄ．that
【答案】1）C 2) B 3) A 4) D
【分析】as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句
首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是正如…，就像，多用于正式文体，1）选C，句意是：正如打扫
房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。句 2）根据前面的否定词和句意知道是not…until…结
构，引导时间状语从句，故选B。句3）表示条件，unless表示“除非”，相当于if not，故3)选A; 4)属于
句型such…that…，是结果状语从句，意思是“如此…以至于…”，故选D。
【跟踪训练1】
根据句意或提示完成句子，每空一词。
1. The old man always enjoys swimming _____ _____ the weather is rough..
2. The more you exercise, ______ ______ (越健康) you will be.
3. The teacher raised his voice on purpose _______ _______ the students in the back could hear more
clearly.
4. _______ _____ ______ (十年前) , She began to live in Dalian.
5. Though the weather was especially cold and windy, I came here ______ _____ ______ ______ (专程来看
你) .
6. _____ _______ ______ ______ (我坐在树下) , I was hit by a stone on the head.
7. ______ had we begun the climb ______ the snow began to come down.(一……就……)
8. An important lecture ______ _____ _____ _____ (明天要发表) , the professor has to stay up _____
_____ _____ ______ (到很晚) .9. You can go ____ _____ _____ (你喜欢的地方) ______ _____ ______（只要）you get back______
______ (天黑以前) .
10. I won't go to the party _____ _____ _____ _____ ______ (除非他也去) .
11.______ ______ _____ _____ _____ （他在很小时候）, he was ______ (总是) ready to help others.
12. Where have you been _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ (自上次我和你见面以后) ?
Keys:
1.even though/even if 2.the healthier 3.so that
4.Ten years ago 5.specially to see you 6.Sitting under the tree
7.Hardly...when
8.to be given tomorrow; late into the night
9. where you like; as/so long as; before dark
10. unless he goes there too
11.While/When/As he was very young; always
12.since I last saw you
【跟踪训练2】
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的最佳答案。
1. __________ that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
A. Consider B.Considering C.To consider D.Considered
2. ________ he is doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.
A. Because B. Since C. What D. Although
3. Time passed quickly and three months went by _______ she knew it.
A.before B. After C.until D.during
4. Reading enriches the mind; Reading is _____ profitable.
A.sometimes B.nearly C.always D.hardly
5. ________ , the doctor so loudly called for happened to be in the building.
A.Fortunate B.Fortunately C.Unfortunately D. Unfortunate
6.I' m not going. _______I haven' t a ticket, and secondly I don' t like the play.
A. To begin with B.Beginning with C.Begun with D.Begin with
7. All night long he lay awake, _______ how to drive the American invaders back home.A. to think B. thinking C. thought D. being thought
8. They managed to carry on their experiments _____ the difficulties.
A.as a result of B.because of C.in favour of D.in spite of
9. He talked about the actress _______ he knew her well.
A.even if B.even though C.as though D.ever since
10. I'm going to ring her right away, but I'm telling you too_____ she gets excited and forgets. If she does, you
can remind her.
A.in case B.in order that C.so that D.as soon as
II. 根据汉语意思完成下列句子。
1. ____________ (我还来得及插话) , he measured me.
2. I ___________(一到家) than it began to rain.
3. He didn’t come ________________ (因为他不得不留在家里完成家庭作业) ．
4. My parents______(经常) tell us about their bitter life _________ (过去的) ．
5. I learned a lot from the peasants __________ (我在农村生活时) ．
6. They set out early ________ (以便) they might arrive _______ (准时)．
7. _________ (正如打扫房屋一样) ，so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
8. It is 8 years _________ (自从他参军).
9. ________ (哪里有了中国共产党) , there the people are liberated.
10. ________ (每当那个人说) that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.
Keys:
I. 1-5 BDACB 6-10 ABDCA
II. 1.Before I could get in a word
2.had no sooner got home
3.because he had to stay at home to finish his home work
4.often/usually; in the past
5.when I lived in the countryside
6.so that / in order that; on time
7. Just as we sweep our rooms
8. since he joined the army
9. Where the Communist Party of China goes10.Whenever /Each time/ Every time /No matter when
