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短文改错错词的 36 种设错方式
错词是短文改错中最常见的错误类型,一题中一般存在 8 处。
考向一:理句意,析结构,辨动词
1. 谓语动词的常设错误类型
类型①:上下文时态不一致
【 2021. 全 国 甲 卷 】 Here are the results. Many students say...
They kept very much to themselves. (kept→keep)
类型②:主谓不一致
【2021.全国甲卷】One of the questions are... (are→is )
类型③:谓语中动词形式的
【2018.全国 I 卷】It was Monday morning , and the writing class had
just begin. (begin→begun)
类型④:祈使句中动词形式的误用
【2017.全国 I 卷】"Slow down!" "Turning left!" (Turning→Tum)
类型⑤:情态动词后未用动词原形
【2016.全国 II 卷】We can chose between staying at home and taking a
trip. (chose→choose)
类型⑥:并列连词前后动词形式的一致性
【2021.全国乙卷】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidying up my
own bedroom whenever necessary.(tidying→tidy)
2. 非谓语动词的常设错误类型类型①:介词后的宾语/特定动词后宾语、宾语补足语形式误用
【 2021. 全 国 甲 卷 】 Their answers also show that they
dislike talk to others. (talk→talking)
类型②:不定式符号 to 和介词 to 混用,其后动词形式错误
【2020.全国 I 卷】My mom told me how to preparing it. ("疑问词+不定
式"在此处作宾语) (preparing→prepare)
类型③:非谓语动词作状语误用动词原形
【 2019. 全 国 I 卷 】 All the football players on the playground
cheered loudly ,say that I had a talent for football. (say→saying)
类型④:非谓语动词作定语的形式误用
【2020.全国 I 卷】I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs... (frying→
fried)
类型⑤:动名词的逻辑主语的误用
【 2020. 全 国 II 卷 】 Best of luck with yours learning kung fu
in China. (yours→you/ your)
类型⑥:-ed 型和-ing 型形容词的误用
【 2020. 全 国 I 卷 】 My mom is really concerning with the health
of everyone in our family. (concerning →concerned)
考向二:分析修饰关系,核查形容词、副词
形容词和副词的常设错误类型:
类型①:形容词、副词的混用【2020.全国 I 卷】Today I tried cooking a simply dish myelf. (修饰名词
的形容词误用为副词)(simply→simple)
【2020.全国 I 卷】I'm surely you'll have a good time. (作表语的形容词
误用为副词)(surely→sure)
类型②:原级、比较级和最高级的混用
【2021.全国乙卷】 What's most, doing housework can be ... (most→
more)
【2020.全国 II 卷】See you sooner.(sooner→soon)
类型③:易混词误用
【2019.全国 II 卷】we should seek help from those we trust mostly.
(mostly→most)
【 2019. 全 国 II 卷 】 ...I liked my English teacher too
much. (too→ so/very)
考向三:找名词,核查单复数
名词的常设错误类型:
类型①:可数名词前有 all,different , many, dozens of 等修饰时
误用单数
【2019.全国 I 卷】I've considered different job...(job→ jobs)
【2018.全国 I 卷】... play card games of all sort...(sort→sorts)
类型②:可数名词前无任何限定词时误用单数
【 2018. 全 国 III 卷 】 The classroom. . . and that includes learning
from textbooks ,and mistake as well. (mistake →mistakes)类型③:不可数名词误用复数形式
【2016.全国 II 卷】we can...gain knowledges we cannot get from books.
(knowledges→knowledge)
类型④:集体名词指整体概念还是具体成员的误用
【 2020. 全 国 III 卷 】 My mom is really concerned with the health
of everyone in our families. (类似的词还有 crew ,class 等) (families→
family)
类型⑤:名词作定语的误用
【2018.全国 II 卷】When I was little, Friday's night was our family game
night. (Friday's→Friday)
类型⑥:名词与其他词性间的误用
【 2016. 全 国 1 卷 】 My uncle tells me that the key to his success
is honest. (honest →honestly)
类型⑦:名词的固定表达
【2021.全国乙卷】doing the dish(dish→dishes)
【2020.全国 I 卷】summer vacations(vacations →vacation)
【2019.全国 I 卷】To everyone's surprising... (surprising→surprise)
考向四:锁定介词,看用法和搭配
介词的常设错误类型:
类型①:固定搭配中的介词误用
【2017.全国 I 卷】It was... just in the middle on the road.(on→of)类型②:介词的基本用法的误用
【 2018.全 国 II 卷 】 Still I was unwilling to play the games for them
sometimes.(for→with)
考向五:锁定冠词,看泛指、特指以及搭配
冠词的常设错误类型:
类型①:表泛指时,单数可数名词前误用定冠词
【2020.全国 Il 卷】For example, every morning, my dad has to have the
bowl of egg soup...(the→a)
类型②:a 与 an 的误用
【2017.全国 II 卷】... it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work
every day.(hour 前的 a→an)
类型③:固定搭配中的冠词误用
【2016.全国 I 卷】... in the short period of time.(the→a)
考向六:找准指代关系看代词的形式和用法
代词的常设错误类型:
类型①:代词的性别、单复数、 主格与宾格等的一致的误用
【2021.全国乙卷】I love doing housework. I always assist my parents...
I also water the flowers... That's our view on housework.(our→my)
类型②:不定代词的误用【2021 . 全国甲卷】Only a little choose to deal with the problems on
their own. (a few 代指复数名词,而 a little 代指不可数名词) (little
→few )
考向七:找谓语,定句子,核查连接词
连接词的常设错误类型:
类型①:并列连词的误用
【2020.全国 II 卷】Actually, I started to learn kung fu when I was seven
years old, for I have long been out of practice. (for→bu/yet)
类型②:定语从句连接词的误用
【 2020. 全 国 III 卷 】 Understanding her good intentions, I eat all
the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.(what→that)
提示:what 不可用于引导定语从句,先行词被 all 修饰,关系词一般
用 that
类型③:名词性从句连接词的误用
【2016.全国 I 卷】My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that
I live.(that→where)
提示:引导宾语从句,且在从句中作地点状语,用 where
类型④:状语从句连接词的误用
【2021.全国甲卷】In my opinion, where in trouble, we should seek help
from those we trust most.(where→when/ whenever)
【2021.全国乙卷】I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my
own bedroom whatever necessary.(whatever→whenever)考向八:其他常考设错点
其他常设错误类型:
类型①:特殊句式中的误用
【2021.全国乙卷】 And hopes this can inspire more thinking on the
topic! (hopes→hope)
【2019.全国 II 卷】They were two reasons for the decision.(They →
There)
类型②:数词类
【2019.全国 II 卷】in the five grade(five→fifth)
类型③:行文逻辑类错误(如 here & there, however & therefore
等)
【2020.全国 I 卷】After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the
stove.(off→on)