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第 14 讲 语法填空
1．了解语法填空的解题方法与技巧。
2．进行语法填空真题训练。
语法填空题的测试重点在于考查同学们能否将中学阶段所学的语言知识运用到实际的英语读写活动中去。
语法填空试题基本上涉及了中学阶段所学的各类语法项目，而且考点分布比较均衡。从设题方式来看，分
为给出提示词和不给出提示词两类。
已给单词提示题型的技巧
这种考查形式主要考查词性转换、名词单复数变化、形容词或副词的比较级与最高级变化、动词的时态和
语态（含主谓一致）以及动词的非谓语形式。同样，我们先判断设空处在句中的功能，再确定该用什么形
式。
技巧一：名词形式变化。
名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。
例：There are many students living at school，the (child) houses are all far from schoo1．
由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为
child的复合变化形式—— 复数的所有格children’s。
技巧二：动词形式变化。
动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、
过去分词)。
例：A talk (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.
句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是
“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动
式——to be given。
技巧三：代词形式变化。
代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名
词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。
例：The king decided to see the painter by (he).
由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。
英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。
例：I am (tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．
此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不
如的“less tall”。
技巧五：数词形式变化。
数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数
形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice
例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a
(three).
从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那
么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。
技巧六：词的派生。
词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种
题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。
例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．
在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成
了unhappy。
未给单词提示题型的技巧
这种形式主要考查同学们对语篇的理解、对逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。考查
的内容主要是冠词、介词、代词、情态动词、连词、连接代/副词、关系词和句式。因为没有提示词，所以
同学们需要根据短文大意、上下文的逻辑关系和对一些长难句的结构分析来判断设空处在句中的功能，从
而界定其词性，确定其意义，最后确定其内容。
技巧七：固定短语结构。
根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视
而不见”才能命中答案。
例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.
从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。
技巧八：短语动词结构。
短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。
例1：The us consists____fifty states．
根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。
技巧九：短语介词结构。
短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.
此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构
成介词短语instead of。
技巧十：连词、关联短语结构。
常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…
nor...，not only…but also...等。
例1：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．
横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。
技巧十一：冠词、介词和常用的副词。
冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副
词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。
例1：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high
speed，“以高速”开车。
（2022秋·四川眉山·高二仁寿一中校考期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内
单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping, a Chinese plant scientist ___1___ is known as the father of hybrid rice, passed away ___2___
May 22, 2021. Yuan was the first person ____3____(come) up with the idea of hybridizing rice. He was ___4___
(determine) to study rice just to make more people have enough to eat, so his interests were ___5___(extreme)
focused on rice. He and his team made two major discoveries in hybrid rice cultivation in ___6___1970s. He helped
China work a great wonder, ___7___(feed) nearly one fifth of the world’s population with less than 9 percent of the
world’ total lands. They make a great ___8___ (contribute) to Chinese agriculture. In 2019, Yuan ___9___(award)
the Medal of the Republic, the country’s highest honor. Yuan is one of the representatives that have devoted their
lives to _____10_____(improve) people’s livelihood.
（2022秋·湖北十堰·高二校联考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Chinese female scientist TU Youyou, ___11___ (award) the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine on Oct 6
when she was 85 years old, was ___12___ first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. Tu ___13___
(share) the prize with the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi omura of Japan .
Tu Youyou is a committed and patient researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She
was awarded ___14___ developing artemisinin, “a new drug therapy against malaria” ___15___ has saved millionsof lives worldwide, ___16___ (especial) in developing countries, the Nobel Assembly said on its website.
Tu and her colleagues joined a government project ___17___ (find) a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They
examined over 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese ___18___ (medicine) books. In 1971, after more than 190
___19___ (fail), Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria.
“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It’s the collective
achievement of the research team. ___20___ (win) the prize is an honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese
medicine to be spread around the world.” Tu told Xinhua.
（2022秋·湖北武汉·高二武汉市第一中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括
号内单词的正确形式。
The difference between a novelist and a professor is that the former _____21_____ (most) uses his
extraordinary creative genius to inspire people’s passion by writing novels，while the latter _____22_____ (pay)
more attention to academic research. A politician wants ____23____ (found) his own theories and tries to come to
power. A scientist hopes to make remarkable achievements and have more inventions and patents. Take Albert
Einstein for example. He made numerous ____24____ (contribute) to the world，the most well-known 60.
____25____ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He earned a doctorate in physics in
1905 and gradually became famous as the new Isaac Newton. Circumstances changed in 1933， ____26____ Hitler
came to power in Germany. Einstein，who was Jewish，found the doors of academic institutions ____27____
(close) to him. As ___28___ consequence，he had to flee Germany. He finally took up a position as a researcher at
the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton，USA．Einstein was not only a genius，but also a very gentle man.
He had a thick moustache and long white hair. Despite his peculiarities，he _____29_____ (admire) by his friends
and neighbours whom he encountered. It was on 18 April 1955 ____30____ Einstein passed away, and the whole
world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.
（2022秋·湖北荆州·高二石首市第一中学校考阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括
号内单词的正确形式。
Perhaps the match between a man and a robot Alpha Go was very impressive. In fact the game of
____31____is called weiqi can date back to 4000 years ago. There are mentions of a similar game called yi
____32____(make) by Confucius and Mencius ____33____it is not certain that it is the same game.
The name “Go” comes from its name in Japan. Like many Japanese traditions it ____34____(adopt) from
China during the Tang dynasty when China was ____35____(influence) and reached it peak. As it made its way to
the west via Japan, it is the Japanese form of the game ____36____is most widely played now. The game, which can
be actually translated as “encirclement game”, was long considered to be an appropriate study for scholars as it
taught people varieties of strategies.
____37____(rule) of weiqi are extraordinarily simple. There are 180 identical white pieces and 181 identicalblack pieces ____38____ (fight) against each other on aboard 19×19 lines. Black starts first and then the players
take it in turn to place one piece into ____39____unoccupied place on the board until all the pieces have been
played. There is nothing special about a 19×19 board, and _____40_____(small) sizes are used by beginners.
（2023春·辽宁朝阳·高二校联考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
式。
What could the school of 2050 look like? Undoubtedly, the biggest development we ____41____ (see) in
recent years is the advancement of technology. On entering the classroom, biological recognition scanning will allow
students to check in, ____42____ (simplify) the busy registration process. Teachers will be able to automatically
sort out the attendance data, fill in perfect record, and manage ____43____ (track) the patterns for being late.
For the school of the future, there will be no need to wrestle with heavy ____44____ (curtain)or dust- covered
blinds; we’ ll have smart glass. Windows can automatically adjust ____45____ (them) color to make up for external
brightness, protecting both our eyes and screens.
As summer temperatures continue to rise, the general trend for 2050 is warmer, drier summers as well as
warmer, wetter winters and air-conditioned classrooms,____46____ will be-come the norm(常态). But they will
be____47____ (clean), more flexibly and sustainable(可持续的), with built-in air purifiers to remove toxins and
dust from the air.
____48____ 2050,3D printers will have become a standard appliance, both in the home and at school.
As____49____ learning aid, they will have become essential, allowing teachers more flexi-bly to explain difficult
concepts.
Students will be able to ____50____ (physical) operate objects for better information process-ing, visual
perception, and cognitive(认知的) learning.
（2023春·河北张家口·高二张北县第一中学校联考期中）阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括
号内单词的正确形式。
Paper-making is one of the most significant ___51___ (invent) in human history, and it was first developed in
ancient China over 2,000 years ago. This remarkable achievement transformed the way people communicated and
recorded information, ___52___ (pave) the way for the birth of modern civilization.
In the early days of paper-making, various materials ___53___ (use) to create paper, including tree bark, hemp,
and silk. However, by the 2nd century BC, a more efficient method had been developed using mulberry bark (桑树
皮) and other plant fibers.
As word of paper-making spread across China, it quickly became an essential part of everyday life. People used
paper for everything ___54___ writing letters and keeping records to creating artwork and printing books. By the
7th century AD, the Chinese had even invented the world’s first movable type printing press, ___55___ enabled
them to produce books and other printed materials on a massive scale.Thanks to paper-making, knowledge and ideas could be shared and preserved like never before. This helped to
spur advances in science, medicine, art, and literature, and laid the foundation for many of the cultural and
___56___ (technology) achievements that we take for granted today.
Despite ___57___ (it) importance, paper-making is often overlooked in discussions of China’s cultural
heritage. However, efforts are being made ___58___ (preserve) this ancient craft, and there ___59___ (be) a
renewed interest in traditional Chinese paper-making techniques in recent years.
Today, visitors to China can see paper-makers at work in small workshops and factories throughout the country.
They can also visit museums and historical sites that showcase ____60____ creativity of China’s ancient paper-
makers.
（2023·高二江苏期中）语法填空。
In Northwest China’s Gansu Province ____61____ (lie) Zhangye National Geopark, which is blessed with a
splendid Danxia landform area ____62____ (cover) about 1,289 square kilometers. The Danxia landforms are
____63____ masterpiece of nature. The colorful mountain ridges are just like an overturned palette from heaven.
Bands of fiery red, creamy orange, rich green and bright yellow streak across the mountain, forming ____64____ is
known as the most beautiful rainbow mountain.
The incredible landscapes ____65____ (create) by sandstone and minerals piling on top of one another over the
years due to tectonic plate movements. Wind, rain, and time then carved the rock formations and rolling hills into
____66____ (vary) extraordinary shapes, including towers, pillars and valleys.
____67____ (declare) a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2010 and a national geopark in 2011, the landform has
become a top tourist ____68____ (attract). The park features a series of boardwalks that allow visitors to walk
around the colorful sandstone landscapes. There are viewing platforms ____69____ (special) designed, enabling
tourists to get close to the hills and feast their eyes on the magnificent sights without damaging the fragile
ecosystem. Shuttle bus service is available, making _____70_____ easy for tourists to get around the park.
（2023春·湖南郴州·高二嘉禾县第一中学校考阶段练习）Shanghai Disneyland, Beijing’s Universal theme
park, Zhejiang’s Hello Kitty theme park, Dalian Discoveryland Theme Park — the list grows ____71____(quick).
Theme parks are becoming big business in China. China Wanda Group has built ____72____ (it) 11th “Cultural
Tourism City” in Guilin, Guangxi. Carnival Group is planning ____73____ (build) ten more theme parks in China
by 2020. And Dalian Haichang Group also wants to open four theme parks in the ____74____ (follow) five years.
China now has 300 theme parks or so nationwide. However, modem entertainment ____75____ (center) for
family visits are still in short supply in many cities, so ____76____ number of large theme parks in China will still
be ____77____ the increase. US-based company AECOM believes China will replace America to become the
largest theme park market by 2020, having 221 million visits every year, ____78____ (two) as many as those in
2015.But the industry is not universally good. 70 percent of theme parks in China ____79____ (suffer) economic
losses at the moment and 20 percent have nearly gone broke, according to a survey _____80_____ (make) by
Qianzhan Industry Research Institute.
（2023春·湖北十堰·高二房县第一中学校联考阶段练习）In Sarek National Park, I woke up to the sound of
the wind ____81____ (buffet)the cloth of my tent. Standing on the edge of the mountain, I found a few
____82____ (branch) of the Rapa River flowing through the valley below. Sarek’s mountains used ____83____
(cover) by vast sheets of ice. Around 9, 000 years ago, this ice ____84____ (melt), with about 100 glaciers
____85____ (leave) behind. Soon after, reindeer began to arrive. Following the reindeer ____86____ (be) the Sami
people, who made this territory their home. In 1909, the government made Sarek a national park to keep the land in
its natural state.
For hundreds of years, looking after reindeer was a way of life for the Sami. With reindeer ____87____ the
move, the Sami would pick up their tents and accompany them. Today, most Sami have houses in villages near Sarek
and live ____88____ modern life. But every spring, some Sami still follow their reindeer into the valleys of Sarek,
____89____ they live in tents and enjoy their traditions. I am not a Sami, but in Sarek I’ve adopted some of their
habits. For example, this morning my breakfast is flat bread warmed over a fire and some _____90_____ (extreme)
delicious berries that I found growing near my tent.
（2022秋·广西桂林·高二校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
You probably have ever been warned against using certain hand gestures when____91____(travel) abroad. The
meanings of hand gestures differ so____92____(great) in different countries. But do you know the relationship
between body language____93____groups?
Mark Moffett, author of The Human Suarm, describes our need to belong to a certain group. We
are____94____(safe) in a group than in one person. We trust them, they protect us, and they share____95____same
values and beliefs as us. We will even go to war to fight for our group. Humans attract those people____96____are
members of their own group. This is because we like to be able to predict the ____97____ ( action) of others and
belonging to a group enables this.
Outsiders to our group____98____(be) foreign and unknown. Therefore, they may be____99____(danger),
unpredictable or threatening. So it is important to recognize these outsiders to our group.
There are many things helping us identify these strangers or outsiders — the clothes they wear and the way they
speak. Now, experts know that their body language is also an indicator. In our ancestors’ times,
knowing_____100_____someone is a friend or foe (对手) could mean the difference between total annihilation (灭
绝) of their family or the survival of their genes.
（2023春·新疆阿克苏·高二校联考阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。In daily life, body language plays an important part in ____101____ (communicate). By watching body
language, we can learn a lot about ____102____ people are thinking. Just like the words we use, body language also
varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is that body language should be ____103____ (appropriate) used.
For example, making eye contact in some countries is a way ____104____ (display) interest. In other countries, by
contrast, not all eye contact ____105____ (approve) of.
There are also some ____106____ (different) in how we touch someone we are talking to. In countries like
France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on ____107____ cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour
shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.
Some body language ____108____ (have) many different uses. Perhaps the common example is smiling. A
smile can help us get through difficult situations. A smile can break down barriers. We can use a smile to apologize,
to greet someone, or to ask for help. Experts suggest ____109____ (smile) at yourself in the mirror to make yourself
feel happier. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better _____110_____ seeing the smiling face of
a good friend.
（2022秋·广东揭阳·高二惠来县第一中学校考期中）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或
括号内单词的正确形式。
While ____111____(travel) in Sweden, I came across an incident, which made me ____112____(embarrass).
One day, I was walking in the street when I saw an adorable baby who was smiling at me, so I talked to the
mother and kissed the baby on the cheek. To my surprise, the mother stared at me for a while and then left
____113____(angry). When I returned to the hotel, I set out ____114____(learn) something about body language.
Much evidence reveals that if you know little about body language, you are unlikely to enjoy the
____115____(interact) with people from another country. ____116____ we all know, body language
____117____(vary) from culture to culture. You must be well aware of whether ____118____ is appropriate for you
to do something on some ____119____(occasion). In addition, you’d better pay attention to how another person
reacts to your words or body language, so that you can adjust yourself _____120_____ the culture there.
（2023春·福建三明·高二统考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sun Zhen chu, an 86-year-old man in 2022, who go this driver’s license in about a year, has surprised and
inspired netizens in China not only because of his age.
The motivation behind Sun Zhen chu’s____121____(take) the driving tests is to care for his wife. Sun’s wife
didn’t go out much after____122____operation. After the policy that people over 70 can apply ____123____a
driver’s license was issued, Sun ____124____(immediate) became an elderly trainee at a local driver training school
in Zhejiang Province and managed ____125____(pass) the four exams, receiving perfect scores on two of them.
After getting his license in March, Sun bought an electric vehicle to take his wife shopping for groceries, to the
hospital or sightseeing along the Qian tang River.____126____astonished people most was Sun’s career—he was a specialist in nuclear weapons and made
great____127____(contribute) to the nation. After graduation in 1964, Sun____128____(select) as one of the
researchers to participate in China’s first atomic bomb test. After the successful test, he went to
Beijing,____129____he continued to conduct research and testing for nuclear weapons for 32 years. He retired in
1995, but he did not stop learning new things.
In a speech he delivered at Zhejiang Gongs hang University in late June, he encouraged graduates to keep
learning to standout in a _____130_____(compete) and challenging society.
（2023秋·云南玉溪·高二统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping, known as “the father of hybrid rice”, is one of China’s most famous scientists. Yet, he
considered himself a farmer because he ____131____(continual) worked the land in his research. After
____132____(graduate) from Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in 1953, he worked ____133____ a
researcher. Yuan met a challenging question that farmers needed to boost yields in the fields they had, but he was
convinced that the answer could be found in the ____134____ (create) of hybrid rice. Through intense effort, Yuan
overcame many technical ____135____ (difficult) to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in
1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
Today, it ____136____ (estimate) that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of
crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, and his strains have allowed China’s farmers ____137____ (produce)
around 200 million tons of rice per year.
____138____ impresses people most about Yuan Longping is his ongoing ability to fulfil his dreams. He
____139____ (succeed) in producing a kind of rice that could feed more people at home and abroad. He has not only
contributed to solving the food of the Chinese people and ensuring national food security, but also set
_____140_____ monument to world peace and social progress.
（2023春·河南郑州·高二校考期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In April, the planting season ____141____(start) on an ecological(生态) farm in a northeastern village of
Beijing.
Being ecological, the farm doesn’t use chemical fertilizers, herbicides and pesticides, reducing pollution and
carbon emissions as much ____142____ possible during production.
The ____143____(farm) owner Shi Yan, 41, has been promoting ecological farming in China for over a decade.
She has just finished the 44th training program for “new farmers” ____144____ want to run ecological farms like
Shi.
“In the past century, some agricultural production methods ____145____(have) a negative impact on the
environment and people’s health,” she said, adding that it is why so many people are interested in ecological
agriculture ____146____ present, which could make some positive changes.____147____ (advance) green development in the agricultural area, China aims to build 1,000 national
ecological farms and 10,000 at the local level across the nation by 2025, according to the Ministry of Agriculture and
Rural Affairs. Last year, Shi’s farm has been 8recognized as one of the national-level farms.
Shi has been heavily reported during the past decade for____148____(be) a “farmer” who holds a doctoral
degree in agriculture. Her passion for ecological farming was kindle back in 2008, ____149____ she first
experienced community-supported agriculture (CSA) in the United States.
With CSA, farmers and a community of individuals provide mutual support and share the risks
and_____150_____(benefit) of a farm’s operation. Farmers promise to produce agricultural products without using
chemicals, and community members enjoy the supply of fresh, safe food from the farm.
