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第 05 讲 名词性从句之主语从句
1．了解主语从句的概念和用法。
2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。
关于各种从句，有一个浅显易懂的规律：它在句子里面是什么成分，就是什么从句。比如：
▼ 定语从句：作定语的从句
I have a dog that is very cute. 我有一只可爱的狗
主语 谓语 宾语 定语从句（句中做定语，限定修饰前面的名词dog）
▼ 宾语从句：作宾语的从句，放在动词或介词后面
I think the dog is very cute. 我觉得这个狗 很可爱
主语 谓语 宾语从句（句中做think的宾语）
▼ 状语从句：作状语的从句
I bought a dog because it’s very cute. 我买了一只狗 ，因为它很可爱
主语 谓语 宾语 状语语从句（句中做状语，表原因）
那么，主语从句是？聪明的人都能看出来——作主语的呗
主语从句结构及用法
在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语
it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分"。
一. 概念：在句子中担当主语的从句就叫做主语从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或
由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。
主语从句使用陈述语序，其通常结构为“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他成分", 但当
连接代词同时充当从句主语时，其结构为“连接代词 + 谓语 + 其他成分”。
二. 引导词：
引导主语从句的词有连词：that, whether, if；连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whomever, whose, which, whichever；连接副词：when, whenever, where, wherever, how,
however, why。
1. 连词that, whether, if引导的主语从句
that在主语从句中不作成分，没有意思，不能省略；whether和if虽不作句子的成分，但有“是否”的意思，且if引导的主语从句不能位于句首。
That she is still alive is a consolation. 她还活着是使人感到宽慰的。
That she became an artist may have been due to her father's influence. 她成为画家可能是受
她父亲的影响。
Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。
Whether they would support us was a problem. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
2. 连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, which, whichever引导的主语从句
what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 在主语从句中
起代词的作用，可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语，有具体的意思且不能省略。
What surprised us was that he passed the driving test.使我们感到惊奇的是他通过了驾驶
考试。
Whatever I have is yours. 我所拥有的一切都是你的。
Who will go is not important. 谁将去是不重要的。
Whoever is here gets a prize. 不管谁来，都能获奖。
Which team will win the match is still unknown. 哪个队将赢得比赛还不知道。
Whichever you choose is OK. 不论你选哪一个都行。
3. 连接副词when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why引导的主语从句
when, whenever, where, wherever, how, however, why在主语从句中起副词的作用，作状
语，有具体的意思且不能省略。
When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。
Whenever you come is OK. 你无论何时来都行。
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 我在哪里过暑假不
关你的事。
Wherever she wants to go is not allowed. 无论她想要去哪儿都是不被允许的。
How it was done was a mystery. 这是怎样做的是一个谜。
However late you come doesn’t matter. 无论你来的有多晚都没关系。
Why he did it wasn’t quite clear. 他为什么做那件事是不清楚的。
4. 用it作形式主语的主语从句
如果主语从句太长，为了避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可以用 it作形式主语，而把主
语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。常见的结构有：
①It+is+形容词+that…，常见的形容词有known, clear, necessary, likely, unlikely, right, wrong,
important, certain, obvious, strange, natural等。
That the earth turns around the sun is known to us all.
→It is known to us all that the earth turns around the sun.地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知
的。Whether he will come or not is not clear.
→It is not clear whether /if he will come or not. 他是否要来还不清楚。
②It+is+名词+that…，常见的名词有a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a mystery, a wonder, no
wonder, good news, common knowledge等。
It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam. 他没有通过考试真遗憾。
It is a wonder that he survived the crash. 他从坠机事件中幸存下来真是个奇迹。
It is no wonder that he has achieved so much success. 难怪他取得如此大的成功。
③It+is+动词过去分词+that…，常见的过去分词有said, believed, reported, pointed out, hoped,
thought, decided, ordered等。
It is said that he is a famous writer. 据说他是位著名的作家。
It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon. 据报道今天下午有暴风雨。
④It+特殊动词+that…，常见的特殊动词有 seem, appear, happen, matter, turn out, occur to,
make a difference等。
It seems that it is going to rain. 天看起来要下雨了。
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me. 碰巧我身上没带钱。
It occurred to me that I didn’t close the window. 我突然想起我没有关窗户。
⑤It+使令性动词+sb.+that...，常见的动词有worry, shock, surprise, satisfy, upset等。
It upset him a lot that he was fired. 他被解雇了使他很难过。
It surprised me that she brought up three children on her own.她独自抚养三个孩子使我感
到吃惊。
主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况
首先我们大家都明白在复合句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。简单把它理解成
名词，但形式是一个句子。那主语从句就是在句中作主语，主语从句的位置与陈述句中主
语位置相同的
(1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
It is uncertain if he will leave for Beijing tomorrow.
(2) It is said , (reported) …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right)
That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong)
(3) It happens…, It occurs… 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right)
That he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong)(4) It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：
It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. (right)
Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. (wrong)
(5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：
Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right)
Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong)
注：What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而
that 则不然。
例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right.
2) That she is still alive is a consolation.
1．________Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes, and it
allows scientists to learn more about the universe.
2．It is well-known to us all ________ Li Bai was a great Chinese poet.
3．________ he said is very important.
4．________ matters most is whether you are willing to learn and to study hard.
5．________team wins on Saturday will go to the national championships.
6．________ amazed me was that he arranged for a car to pick me up at the airport.
7．It is not clear_________the plan is practical, but we can give it a go.
8．______ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain.
9．_____ surprised me most was that such a little girl of seven could play the violin so well.
10．________he will join us won’t make too much difference.
11．It was never clear ________the man hadn’t reported the accident in time.
12．________ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known.
13．It is reported ________Zhong Nanshan was awarded the Medal of the Republic because of
his contributions to fighting against COVID-19.
14．It makes me feel good__________you care about me.
15．It matters little _________does it so long as it is done.
16．________ they will solve the serious problem has not been decided.
17．________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
18．It is estimated ________ total investment in the country will continue to increase this year.19．We all thought it was a pity _____he missed such a good chance.
20．It is no wonder ________ some young people, under the growing pressures, would try to live
in a simple way.
21．________ interested her most was the news reported on the TV.
22．It is a pity ______he missed such a good chance to go abroad to study.
23．________ gets home first starts cooking supper.
24．____ I have achieved in the tough task is credited to the guidance of my teachers.
25．It is hoped ________you can learn a lesson from this accident.
26．________ Lara and other IT engineers met on their first assignment abroad was a culture
shock.
27．________ beauty comes from within is widely accepted in today’s society. Therefore, we
should attach great importance to inner beauty.
28．________ wants to be a volunteer in the sports meeting should get prepared before this
Friday.
29．________ some students didn’t realize was that their time was slipping away insensibly.
30．________ we will spend our summer holiday is still uncertain now, but I personally hope to
go to a seaside city.
31．________ we need more drink and food depends on how many guests will come to the party
this evening.
32．It is amazing to us ________ancient craftsmen were able to carve such a giant Buddha.
33．__________ many tourists treasure most about Chinatown is its food.
34．It is very likely __________ the knowledge we learn will be applied to practice some day.
35．_______we’re seeing now is that disappearance of the noise doesn’t necessarily immediately
result in a recovery of ecological function.
36．Peter didn’t say anything, but ______ he said made him think carefully.
37．______ struck me most was that the hybrid rice enabled farmers to expand their output
greatly.
38．______ the project is to be carried out still needs discussing.
39．______ the new organic farming is effective remains to be seen.
40．_______the laboratory is to be set up has not been determined.
41．_______many places still are suffering food shortages remains a big concern.
42．________ the survivors attempted to do was to build a memorial to the heroes who saved
their lives.
43．While two thousand patients have taken it, it’s uncertain ________ impact the medicine will
have on the disease.
44．________Jack gets home after school is calculated so that Mum can ensure him warm meals.
45．It surprised us________ our foreign teacher can recite Tang poems.46．________ he will offer us enough help doesn’t matter a lot to our success.
47．________ surprised us very much was that Tom should have left without a word.
48．_____ could take good care of our kids worried us a lot.
49．_____ she likes the present is not clear to me.
50．It is amazing ________ the ancient people could have built such great architecture.
51．________leaves the room last should remember to switch off the lights.
52．It is calculated ________ European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a
year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the
rail infrastructure.
53．_________ concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes
even had a serious shortage of food to eat.
54．_______ comes will be welcomed to the open-air concert.
55．_______we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled.
56．It is by no means clear ________the president can do to end the strike.
57．_______made the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to
key universities.
58．It is estimated ________up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these
radio broadcasts.
59．It doesn’t matter ________ you’re dressed. No one cares.
60．It’s quite likely ________we’ll be in Spain this time next year.
61．________ you go or stay makes no difference to me.
62．________ surprised us most was that her works of art soon became famous and were on
display in the British Museum.
63．________ you are coming to Beijing is the best news I have heard for a long time.
64．________ makes the shop different is that it offers more personal services.
65．It suddenly occurred to him _____ he had left his keys in the office.
66．__________ you don’t like him is none of my business.
67．________ she will leave for London hasn’t been decided. Maybe tomorrow, maybe next
week.
68．________ is left over may be put into the refrigerator, where it will keep for two or three
weeks.
69．________surprised me was that the company received so many profiles from the applicants.
70．It is not clear ________ the man is a suspect or a detective.
