文档内容
【暑假辅导班】
新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）
第6讲 选择性必修一 Unit 1 Reading and Thinking
【核心知识点讲解】
1. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)
vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)
* He would not commit himself in any way.
他无论如何都不愿做出承诺。
*He committed himself to the project, and his efforts paid off.
他全心投入这项工程, 他的努力有了回报。
*Commit to your plan and follow it through.
忠于你的计划并将其进行到底。
*The company is committed to expanding the product development of the market.
公司现致力于将产品市场发展扩大。
*He made a commitment to his parents: living with them after retirement.
他对父母做出了一个承诺: 退休后同他们一起生活。
【词块积累】
(1)commit oneself (to do sth. ) 承诺(做某事)
commit oneself to sth. 全身心投入/致力于某事
commit to sth. /sb. 忠于某事/某人
(2)committed adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的, 坚信的
be committed to sth. /doing sth. 专心于(做)某事
(3)commitment n. 委托, 承诺
make a commitment to sb. 向某人承诺
2. evaluate vt. 评价; 评估
*The teacher evaluated the performance of each student.
教师对每个学生的表现做出了评价。
*First of all, they think this kind of evaluation will encourage teachers to improve their teaching skills.
首先, 他们认为这种评价会鼓励教师改进他们的教学手段。
*In this paper we suggested a number of evaluative measures to evaluate the effectiveness of search engines.在本文中, 我们提出了一些评价措施来评价搜索引擎的有效性。
【词块积累】
evaluate the performance 评价表现
evaluation n. 评价
evaluative adj. 评价的
3. obtain vt. (尤指经努力)获得, 赢得
vi. (规章、习俗等)存在; 流行
*Only with firm determination will we obtain such change.
只有带着坚定信念我们才能取得这样的改变。
*The following information was obtained from a company’s financial statements.
以下信息来自一家公司的财务报表。
【词块积累】
be obtained from 从……中得到
【易混辨析】
acquire v. 多指经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等, 也可表示对财物等的获得, 该词强调“一经获得就会
长期持有”的含义。
attain v. 指经过不懈的努力获得未曾预料到的结果; 也可指达到某一目标。
obtain v. 获得, 买到, 用于正式语体中。
gain v. 指通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处; 亦可指军事上的武力夺取等。
earn v. 挣得, 赢得, 指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。
achieve v. 得到, 获得, 多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
4. acknowledge vt. 承认(属实、权威等); (公开)感谢
*We acknowledge him as a genius.
我们承认他是个天才。
*You have to acknowledge that it’s your own fault.
你必须承认这是你自己的过错。
*We are sending you some money in acknowledgement of your valuable help. 我们寄些钱给您以感谢您的宝贵
帮助。
【词块积累】
(1)be acknowledged as. . . 被认为是……
It is universally/generally acknowledged that. . . 普遍认为……(2)acknowledgement n. 承认, 感谢
5. defeat n. 失败; 挫败vt. 击败; 战胜
*Tu Youyou would not acknowledge defeat.
屠呦呦不会轻易认输的。
*He declared that we were to defeat those who attempted to tear the world down in time.
他宣布: 我们迟早会打败那些企图撕裂世界的人。
*This is why most senior high school students suffer defeat every day.
这就是如今大多数高中生每天遭受失败的原因。
*These setbacks should not be acknowledged as defeat, however.
但是, 这些挫折不能被看作失败。
【词块积累】
take defeat 接受失败
suffer defeat 遭受失败
6. analyse vt. 分析
*(2019·北京高考)Is the main purpose of the passage to analyse the composition of the ocean food chain?
这篇文章的主要目的是分析海洋食物链的组成吗?
*On the one hand, everyone possibly makes mistakes, on the other hand, not all analytical mistakes are equal.
一方面, 每个人都有可能犯错误; 另一方面, 分析方面的错误并不是都一样。
*I know a good world is possible if we leave emotion aside and just work analytically .
我知道一个美好的世界是可能的, 如果我们将情绪放在一边, 只是理性地进行分析。
*Could you tell me some more about your market analysis that has just been fulfilled recently?
请你多告诉我一些你们近来刚刚完成的市场分析好吗?
【词块积累】
analysis n. 分析; 分解; 验定(复数为: analyses)
analytical adj. 分析的; 解析的; 善于分析的
analytically adv. 分析地; 解析地
7. insist vi. & vt. 坚持; 坚决要求
*(2020•全国Ⅲ卷) But she insists on us eating healthy food.
但她坚持要我们吃健康的食物。
*Though all his friends blamed him, he insisted that he had done nothing wrong.
尽管他所有的朋友都责备他, 但他坚持认为他没做错任何事。
*My mother insisted that I (should) clean my room first.妈妈强烈要求我先把我的房间打扫干净。
【词块积累】
insist on/upon (doing) sth. 坚持(做)某事
insist that. . .
(1)坚持说/认为……(从句内容表示一个事实, 从句谓语按实际需要选择时态)
(2)强烈要求/坚持……(从句用虚拟语气, 即谓语动词用should+动词原形, should可以省略)
【巧学助记】
Insisting that Tom had stolen his car, Mr Smith insisted that he (should)be put into prison.
由于坚持认为汤姆偷了他的小汽车, 史密斯先生强烈要求把他关进监狱。
【知识延伸】
insist on的同义表达还有: stick to, persist in
8. Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine. ”
当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时, 屠呦呦说: “荣誉不仅仅属于我自己。”
【句式解构】在本句中, “介词upon+动词-ing形式”构成介词短语, 用作时间状语。upon还可转换为介词
on, 表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体, 依据语境, 可译作“在……的时候;
当……时; 一……就……”。
*Upon realizing the importance of environmental protection, our government takes effective measures to manage
it.
一意识到环境保护的重要性, 我们的政府就采取了有效的治理措施。
*Upon their return to the country, the girls of the volleyball team received praise and flowers.
女排姑娘们一回国, 就收到了赞誉和鲜花。
*Upon finishing it, Cao Xueqin was struck by the feeling that A Dream of Red Mansions was the best work he had
ever written.
完成这部作品时, 曹雪芹就感到《红楼梦》是他写过的最好的著作了。
注意：
“一……就……”的句型小结
(1)As soon as/Once/When+时间状语从句, +主句
(2)The moment/instant/second/minute+时间状语从句, +主句
(3)Instantly/Immediately/Directly+时间状语从句, +主句
(4)On/Upon+动名词/名词, +主句(5)No sooner had+主语+过去分词. . . +than+主语+动词的过去式:
*No sooner had he arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.
他刚到家, 就被要求出另一次差。
(6)Hardly/Scarcely/Rarely+had+主语+过去分词. . . +when+动词的过去式:
*Hardly had she gone out when it began to snow.
她刚出门, 天就开始下雪了。
(7)At the sight/thought/mention of+名词, +主句:
*At the sight of him, I remember my brother who is working in Shanghai.
看到他我就想起了我那在上海工作的弟弟。
【要点拾遗】
1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的
*Her singing style is quite distinct from mine.
她的演唱风格与我的截然不同。
*California has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA.
加州有着美国最具多元文化的州的荣誉。
【词块积累】
distinct from 与……不同
distinctly 明显地; 无疑地, 确实地
distinction 区别, 差别; 特性; 荣誉, 勋章
2. conclusion n. 结论; 推论
*Over the years I’ve come to the conclusion that she’s a very great musician.
这些年来, 我得出的结论是她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。
*He concluded his class with a funny story.
他以一个有趣的故事结束了他的课。
*To conclude, I wish you a Happy New Year.
总之, 祝你们新年快乐。
【词块积累】
(1)conclude v. 推断出, 得出结论; (使)结束, 终止
conclude. . . with. . . 以……结束……
conclude from. . . that. . . 从……中得出结论
to conclude 最后, 总之
(2)in conclusion 最后, 总之come to the conclusion 得出结论
3. apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然
*(2020•全国Ⅰ卷)The kids apparently know the truth.
孩子们显然知道真相。
*It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
从面容上就可以看出她确实心烦意乱。
【词块积累】
It is/was apparent that. . . 很显然……
4. crucial adj. 至关重要的; 关键性的
*(2019·江苏高考)We can learn from the passage that making right career choices is crucial to personal success.
我们能从这篇文章中学到, 做出正确的职业选择对个人成功至关重要。
*Our Party have found two issues of crucial importance: development and ecology.
我们党已经发现了两个至关重要的问题: 发展和生态。
*This type of questioning puts responsibilities on the clients to explain what they want, which is crucial.
这样的提问可以把责任放到客户身上, 让他们解释自己需要什么, 这很重要。
*Getting this contract is crucial to the future of our company.
签订此项合同我们公司的前途至关重要。
【词块积累】
crucial to/for sth. 至关重要的; 决定性的
crucially 关键地; 至关重要地
5. objective n. 目标; 目的 adj. 客观的
*(2019·天津高考)The author’s view on factual reading is that it would provide true and objective information.
作者对事实性阅读的观点是它将提供真实和客观的信息。
*We’ll try to look at the issue objectively, from the standpoint of the IT professional.
我们试图从 IT 专业人员的角度客观地看待这个问题。
*If she does not object to it, why should we?
如果她不反对, 我们为什么要反对?
*We have/take an objection to teaming up with them.
我们反对/不赞成和他们合作。
【词块积累】
(1)object to sb. /sb. ’s doing sth. 反对某人做某事
(2)have/take an objection to doing sth. 反对做某事raise an objection to doing sth. 对做某事提出异议
6. Using a lower temperature to draw out the extract, she found a substance that worked.
用较低的温度提取提取物, 她发现了一种有效的物质。
【句式解构】
句中“Using a lower temperature to. . . extract”是v. -ing分词短语作状语。v. -ing分词作状语可以表示原因、
时间、条件、方式、伴随等。
*Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
听到这个消息时, 他们都高兴得跳了起来。
*Taking the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.
沿着通向郊外的小道前进, 你将会走到一片密林处。
*Mice run out of the fields looking for places to hide.
田鼠从田野里跑出来寻找藏身之处。
7. In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with the objective of discovering a new treatment
for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.
1967年, 中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍, 屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人
员。
【句式解构】
该句是一个由and连接而成的并列复合句。介词短语with the objective. . . 作第一个分句的状语, 表示目的。
短语中的objective也可用aim/purpose/goal等替换。第二个分句中chosen是过去分词用作定语, 修饰the first
researchers。
*Tu Youyou tried a second time with the aim of finding out the proper material to cure malaria.
屠呦呦又试了一次, 希望能找到治愈疟疾的合适物质。
*Chairman Mao came here with the purpose of inspecting an important task carried out.
毛主席来这里是为了检查一项重要任务的执行情况。
*When crossing the river, the Red Army take care not to touch the trees newly planted by the river.
渡河的时候, 红军战士小心翼翼, 以防碰到了河边新种的树木。
*With great care, the 3-year-old boy put away the books newly distributed at school yesterday.
这个三岁大的男孩小心翼翼地收起来昨天在学校新发的书。
注意：
with引导的介词短语作状语, 在英语句子中是一个很常见的现象。至于其所作状语的类型, 我们需要根
据句子上下文意思和其具体的语法功能来判断。有时, 复杂的with介词短语可以转换为独立主格结构:With homework finished, he went out to play basketball.
转换为独立主格结构:
Homework finished, he went out to play basketball.
【基础训练】
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. The digital economy is (关键的) in today’s world.
2. Cultural exchange is (极其重要的)for the countries like China and Fiji to learn from each other
for common development.
3. An (客观的) statement is based on facts and observations.
4. It is widely acknowledged that students should be (评价) in terms of overall quality.
5. The children from poor families were at a (明显的) disadvantage.
6. The hospital has recently (获得) new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.
7. The candidate waved his hands to (感谢) the cheers of the crowd.
8. With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but (显然) no one
had come to meet her.
9. His discovery is one of the greatest (科学的) achievements of the decade.
10. This book teaches you how to (分析)what is causing the stress in your life.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
commit oneself to, be distinct from, be acknowledged as, insist on, lead to, by chance
1. Silk rayon in every respect.
2. He study English.
3. His words a heated discussion among the students.
4. She the best tennis player in the world.
5. Our buyers high standards of workmanship and materials.
6. The pair met often — at first but later by design.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. , I had a feeling of pride and a sense of achievement.
一登上山顶, 我就有自豪感和成就感。
2. , the bear came out of the bushes.
熊从灌木丛里出来, 露出牙齿, 发出一种巨大的声音。
3. This novel, , is very touching.这本小说我已经读了三遍, 它很感人。
4. I a toy bear for her birthday present.
我建议给她买一个玩具熊作为生日礼物。
5. physical activity is controlled by the brain, not by the
environment.
我们的结论是, 身体活动是由大脑控制的, 而不是由环境控制。
IV. 阅读理解
A
(2020·汕头高二检测)
On the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, Chinese scientist Tu Youyou,
winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, has been awarded China’s Medal of the Republic.
The medal is the country’s highest honour for outstanding figures that have made great contributions to the
construction and the development of the P. R. C.
Tu Youyou, born in 1930, has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize, for her work in helping
to create an anti-malaria medicine. The 84-year-old’s route to the honour has been anything but traditional. In
China, she is being called the “three nos” winner: no medical degree, no doctorate, and she’s never worked
overseas. In 1967, malaria, a then deadly disease, spread by mosquitoes was decimating Chinese soldiers fighting
Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam. A secret research unit “Mission 523” was formed to find a cure for
the illness. Two years later, Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of “Mission 523”.
“Mission 523” read ancient books carefully for a long time to find historical methods of fighting malaria.
When she started her search for an anti-malaria drug, more than 240, 000 compounds(化合物)around the world
had already been tested, without any success. Finally, the team found a brief reference to one substance, sweet
wormwood, which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 A. D. The team took out one active
compound in wormwood, and then tested it. But nothing was effective until Tu Youyou returned to the original
ancient text. After another careful reading, she changed the drug recipe one final time, heating the compound
without allowing it to reach boiling point.
After the drug showed promising results in mice and monkeys, Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human
recipient of the new drug. “In any case, Tu Youyou is consistently praised for her drive and passion”. One former
colleague, Lianda Li, says Ms Tu is “unsociable and quite straightforward”, adding that “if she disagrees with
something, she will say it. ”
Another colleague, Fuming Liao, who has worked with Tu Youyou for more than 40 years, describes her as a“tough and stubborn woman”. Stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts, she applies them
to modern scientific practices. The result has saved millions of lives.
1. According to Paragraph 2, we can learn that______ .
A. Tu is the first woman to win a Nobel Prize
B. Tu has a medical degree
C. Tu’s road to success is not traditional
D. Tu discovered a cure for malaria
2. The underlined word “decimating” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ______.
A. encouraging B. killing
C. annoying D. benefiting
3. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Tu first invented the idea of using sweet wormwood as a cure.
B. Tu was inspired by medical textbooks published in northern Vietnam.
C. The compound needs to be heated to the boiling point to be effective.
D. Over 240, 000 compounds were proved ineffective before Tu’s search.
4. Tu Youyou can be best described as a ______person.
A. devoted and stubborn
B. straightforward and mean
C. considerate and tough
D. sociable and generous
B
What are scientists? They are often described as gray-haired white-coated dull scholars.
But the world has changed. Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the
world stage.
This is also true in China. Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji, university professor Liu
Mingzhen, and biologist Wan Ruixue. At the age of 28 in 2018, Wan Ruixue received the 2018 Science &
SciLifeLab Prize for Young Scientists. This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of
their careers.
She focuses mainly on biomedicine(生物医学)and artificial intelligence(人工智能). “Both are cutting-edge
(前沿) technologies at an early stage of development, ” she said.
“So, I think they have great potential to be developed. I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies, China
and other leading countries in the world are standing on the same starting line. And in the study of structuralbiology, China is likely to become the leader. ”
She felt it was her fate to become a biologist. “I grew interested in the natural world, when I was very young,
” she said. In 2009, she entered Sun Yat-sen University.
In her third year at the university, she realized that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine. So she
emailed China’s top biologist Shi Yigong, hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University.
Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her. Years of efforts at the lab have paid off. Her research on the high-
definition 3D structure of spliceosome led to a scientific breakthrough.
Unlike many of other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad, Wan currently has no plan
to go overseas.
“The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China, ” she said, adding the country
has great science facilities.
5. What does the underlined word “releasing” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. Giving out. B. Getting over.
C. Finding out. D. Taking over.
6. What does Wan Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China?
A. Anxious. B. Confident.
C. Disappointed. D. Satisfied.
7. What can we learn about Wan Ruixue’s journey of becoming a biologist?
A. Her teacher led her into the field.
B. She finds it’s easier than she thought.
C. Her contribution has been recognized.
D. She thinks it’s boring but worth trying.
8. Which can be the best title of the text?
A. China’s Breakthrough in Science
B. Rising Young Scientists in China
C. Wan Ruixue: A Successful Young Scientist
D. New Image of Chinese Scientists
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. The digital economy is crucial (关键的) in today’s world.
2. Cultural exchange is vital (极其重要的)for the countries like China and Fiji to learn from each other for
common development.3. An objective (客观的) statement is based on facts and observations.
4. It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated (评价) in terms of overall quality.
5. The children from poor families were at a distinct (明显的) disadvantage.
6. The hospital has recently obtained (获得) new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.
7. The candidate waved his hands to acknowledge (感谢) the cheers of the crowd.
8. With her luggage in her hands, the girl stood looking round in all directions, but apparently (显然) no one had
come to meet her.
9. His discovery is one of the greatest scientific (科学的) achievements of the decade.
10. This book teaches you how to analyse (分析)what is causing the stress in your life.
Ⅱ. 1. Silk is distinct from rayon in every respect.
2. He committed himself to study English.
3. His words led/lead to a heated discussion among the students.
4. She is acknowledged as the best tennis player in the world.
5. Our buyers insist on high standards of workmanship and materials.
6. The pair met often — at first by chance but later by design.
Ⅲ. 1. Upon/On reaching the top of the mountain, I had a feeling of pride and a sense of achievement.
2. Showing his teeth and making a loud noise, the bear came out of the bushes.
3. This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
4. I suggest buying her a toy bear for her birthday present.
5. We concluded/made a conclusion that physical activity is controlled by the brain, not by the environment.
Ⅰ.
A
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了发现青蒿素的科学家屠呦呦以及她的事迹。
1. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The 84-year-old’s route to the honour has been anything
but traditional. ” 可知, 这位84岁老者的荣誉之路一点也不传统。故从第二段我们可知, 屠呦呦的成功并不传
统。故选C。
2. 【解析】选B。词义猜测题。根据文章第二段中“In 1967, malaria, a then deadly disease”可知, 疟疾是一
种致命的疾病, 根据“A secret research unit ’Mission 523’ was formed to find a cure for the illness. ”可知, 一个
秘密的小组被成立来寻找治愈这种疾病的方法。由此可知, 这种疾病正在杀死与美国人作战的中国士兵。
故“decimating”意为“杀死”。故选B。
3. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“When she started her . . . success. ” 可知, 当她开始寻找抗疟疾药物时, 全世界已经检测过24万多种化合物, 但都没有成功。由此可知, 在屠呦呦寻找之前, 超过24
万种化合物被证明是无效的。故选D。
4. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Another colleague, . . . ’tough and stubborn woman’. ”
可知, 同事形容屠呦呦是一个顽固的人。根据文章倒数第二段中“After the drug . . . drug. ”可知, 在这种药物
在老鼠和猴子身上显示出有希望的效果后, 屠呦呦自愿成为第一个接受这种新药的人。由此可知, 屠呦呦是
一个有奉献精神的人。故选A。
B
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。年轻的科学家们正在世界舞台上发声, 并释放他们的力量。在中国也
一样, 越来越多的年轻科学家投身科学研究, 对社会做出了巨大的贡献。他们对中国的科学技术和科学研究
充满自信。
5. 【解析】选A。词义猜测题。由第二段“Young scientists are . . . stage. ”可知在世界舞台上, 年轻的科学家
们正在发出他们的声音, 释放他们的力量。从句子中可以看到making their voices heard和releasing their
powers并列, 可以根据making their voices heard(发出自己的声音)猜测出releasing有“发出, 散发”之意, 故
选A。
6. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。由第五段可知万蕊雪认为在前沿技术研究方面, 中国和世界上的其他主要国
家都站在相同的起跑线上。在结构生物学研究方面, 中国可能成为引领者。从这些话可以推断, 对中国前沿
技术的研究, 万蕊雪充满信心。故选B。
7. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。由倒数第三段可知施一公认可了她的才能, 欢迎她加入。在实验室数年的努
力得到了回报。由此可以看出在万蕊雪成为生物学家的过程中, 她的付出得到了认可。故选C。
8.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。由第二段可知在世界舞台上, 年轻的科学家们正在发出他们的声音, 释放他
们的力量。由第三段可知在中国也一样。冉冉升起的新星包括……从上述内容可以看出关键词是China,
Rising stars和Young scientists。所以文章标题是中国正在升起的年轻科学家。故选B。
