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第 12 讲 Unit 4 单词词组短语知识点讲解
1．了解本单元的单词和词组等重要语言点。
2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。
1.vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变
※Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. (教材典句)
与口语一样, 身势语也因文化不同而存在差异。
※The colour of the insect varies with the season.
这种昆虫的颜色随季节而改变。
※(2020· 天津高考)Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the
menu, allowing customers more control over the atmosphere in which they are dining.
饭店可以随着菜单上各种食物的选择而提供音乐的选择, 这就允许顾客们更加自如地掌控他们就餐的
氛围。
※(2020·浙江高考)However, a variety of types is represented here.
然而, 各种各样的类型都被呈现在这里。
[知识拓展]
(1)vary in sth. 在某方面不同
vary with sth. 随……而变化
vary between...and...＝vary from...to... 由……到……情况不等
(2)variety n. 变化；种类；多样性
a variety of＝varieties of 许多的；各种各样的
(3)various adj. 各种各样的
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①The students' work varies considerably quality.
②Prices vary the type of the room you require.
③Opinions on this matter vary greatly from person to person.
④由于各种原因，我不愿见他。
, I'd prefer not to meet him.
＝ , I'd prefer not to meet him.
＝ , I'd prefer not to meet him.
【答案】1.in 2.with 3.to 4.For various reasons,For a variety of reasons，For varieties of reasons,2.approve vi.赞成；同意 vt.批准；通过
(教材P )In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.
38
相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。
(1)vt.批准；通过（计划、要求等）
Congress approved the budget.国会批准了该预算。
The city council approved the building plan.
市议会批准了这项建筑计划。
(2)vi.赞成；同意。
Do you approve of my idea?你同意我的想法吗？
You made a wise decision, and I thoroughly approved of it.你做出了一个明智的决定，我完全赞同。
I am afraid your parents won't approve of your marrying him.我恐怕你的父母不会赞成你和他结婚。
※Why don’t you approve of me taking part in the hobby group? (话题典句)
你为什么不同意我加入兴趣小组?
※The decision,made by Boeing’s board,follows the news last week that the Federal Aviation Administration
would not approve of resumed flights of the 737 MAX airplanes before 2020. (时事典句)
波音董事会是在上周曝出美国联邦航空管理局2020年前不会批准737 MAX喷气式客机复飞的消息后
做出这项决定的。
※The National Anthem Law, approved in 2017, states that the national anthem should be played and sung
at primary and middle schools nationwide.
2017年通过的《国歌法》规定, 全国中小学应当组织学生奏唱国歌。
※New public opinion polls show the president’s approval rating at its lowest point since he took office.
新的民意调查显示总统的支持率跌到了他就职以来的最低点。
[知识拓展]
(1)approve of (doing) sth. 赞成/同意(做)某事
approve of sb./one's doing sth. 同意某人做某事
(2)approval n. 赞许；赞成；同意；批准
【注意】
表达“赞成/同意某人做某事”不能用approve sb. to do sth., 因为approve作“同意；赞成”讲时是不
及物动词，所以应该用approve of sb./one's doing sth.，其中介词of后是v.ing的复合结构。
[词块]
approve a new policy批准一项新政策
approve of the plan赞成这个计划
win/earn sb.'s approval赢得某人的同意/赞许
[名师点津]
英语中有很多动词加al变为名词形式,常见的有:approve→approval survive→survival
arrive→arrival refuse→refusal
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I approve of your (try) to make some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
②It found many youngsters measure their status by how much public (approve) they got
online.
③Do you approve the idea that success can be measured in terms of money alone?
（2）练能力：完成句子
他在学校表现出色，希望以此得到父母的赞许。
④By doing well at school he hoped to .
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I approve of your trying (try) to make some money, but please don't neglect your studies.
②It found many youngsters measure their status by how much public approval (approve) they got online.
③Do you approve of the idea that success can be measured in terms of money alone?
（2）练能力：完成句子
他在学校表现出色，希望以此得到父母的赞许。
④By doing well at school he hoped to win/earn_his_parents'_approval.
3.differ vi.不同于；相异
(1)vi.有区别；与……相同；不同于。
民身人个一民医费人育，
His house differs from mine in having no garage.
他的房子和我的不同，区别在于没有车库。
(2)vi.(人）看法不同；与…意见不同。
The two sides in the dispute still differ with each other over the question of pay.
争执的双方在报酬问题上仍各持己见。
※American English and British English differ in some small ways.
美式英语和英式英语在一些细节上有差别。
※How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?
在拼图游戏中男孩和女孩有着怎样的不同呢?
※But some people differ with us on that question. (话题典句)
但是有些人在那个问题上和我们意见不同。
※(2019·全国卷Ⅱ) Since I was a kid, I’ve considered different jobs I would like to do.
自从我是个孩子的时候, 我就考虑我喜欢做的各种工作。
[知识拓展]
(1)differ in在……方面不同
differ from 与……不同
(2)difference n. 不同之处
make a difference (to ...)(对……)起作用；(对……)有影响(3)different adj. 不同的
be different from ... in ... 在……方面与……不同
(4)differently adv. 不同地
[词块]
differ in their attitudes towards failure 他们对失败持有不同的态度
differ greatly in character 性格迥异
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the
(different) between men of great achievement and men of average performance — curiosity and discontent.
②Even though we completely differ from each other character, we are still great
friends.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years, there have been a number of (differ)
techniques to help designers approach this important point.
（2）练能力：完成句子
我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。
④I hold the firm belief that if everyone makes a little effort, we can .
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·天津卷)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the
difference (different) between men of great achievement and men of average performance — curiosity and
discontent.
②Even though we completely differ from each other in character, we are still great friends.
③(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Over the years, there have been a number of different(differ) techniques to help
designers approach this important point.
（2）练能力：完成句子
我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。
④I hold the firm belief that if everyone makes a little effort, we can make_a_big_difference.
4. employ vt. 使用; 应用; 雇用 派生: employer n. 雇主 employee n. 雇员 employment n. 雇用
※The boy employed a pen to open the package instead of a knife. 男孩用钢笔而不是用小刀来打开包
裹。
※For the past three years, he has been employed as a firefighter. 在过去的三年里, 他一直被聘为消防
员。
※(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid-1980s. 跟踪北极熊数量的现代方法自20世纪80年代中期才开始使用。
※She has employed herself in making preparations for the meeting all the morning.
整个上午她一直忙于会议的准备工作。
※ (2020· 全 国 Ⅱ 卷 )And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business
communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
当你的员工们开始把微笑的表情符号加到他们的商业交流中去时, 你就会知道你已经成功地改进了你们的工作文化。
考点必记
(1)employ sb 雇用某人
(2)employee n.雇员
employer n.雇主
(3)employment n.使用;职业;雇用
unemployment n.失业
跟踪训练
1. A number of people have been employed ________ (deal) with the work
2. It requires no training before ______________ (employ)
3. The ____________ (employ) of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his
__________ (employ) enjoy their work.
1.to deal 2.employment 3.employer employee
5.favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 n．帮助；恩惠；赞同
※Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone
else. (教材典句)
在其他地方, 人们见面时更喜欢握手、深鞠躬或者点头。
※The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants.
温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。
※The votes are totally in her favour.
投票结果完全对她有利。
※Many people are in favour of a ban on smoking in public.
许多人赞成在公共场所禁烟。
※Do me a favour and turn the radio down while I am on the phone, will you?
帮我个忙, 在我打电话时把收音机的声音调小一点好吗?
[知识拓展]
(1)ask sb. a favour＝ask a favour of sb. 请某人帮忙
do a favour for sb.＝do sb. a favour 给某人以恩惠；帮助某人
in favour of 支持；赞同
(2)favourable adj. 赞成的；有利的
(3)favourite adj. 最喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人(或事物)
[词块]
win the teacher's favour 赢得老师的好感
fortune favours the bold/brave 天佑勇者
favour your proposal 赞成你的建议
使用favour 构成的短语时需注意其中有无冠词。
Could you do me a favour and turn off that light?
你能帮我个忙，把那盏灯关掉好吗？-Can I ask a favour of you?我可以请你帮个忙吗？
—Sure,what can I do for you?当然（可以）,我能为你做什么呢？
I am in favour of going to the movies on weekends.我赞成周末去看电影。
The delay of the match may be in our favour.比赛推迟或许对我们有利。
The vote was 60:59 in his favour.投票结果是60:59,他占优势。
Fortune favours those who use their judgement.机遇偏爱善断之人。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/一句多译
①Most of them were in favour my opinion while David was against it.
②The exchange rate is our favour for the time being.
③今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？
Could you and pick up Sam from school today? ＝Could you and pick
up Sam from school today?
④我想请你帮忙，你能把你的电话借给我吗？
I want to ; will you lend me your cell phone?
＝I want to ；will you lend me your cell phone?
【答案】1.of 2.in 3.do me a favour，do a favour for me4.ask a favour of you， ask you for a favour
[图形助记]
6.break down消除；分解；打破
(1)(机器）损坏；破坏；出故障。为不及物动词短语。
The car broke down on his way home.在他回家的路上汽车坏了。
The machine broke down at this busy hour.正忙的时候机器出了故障。
(2)(讨论、谈判等）失败。为不及物动词短语。
News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.
据新闻报道两国的和谈失败，未达成任何协议。
(3)(健康或精神等方面）垮掉；崩溃。为不及物动词短语。
His health has broken down because of the pressure of work.由于工作压力，他的身体垮下来了。
(4)(化合物等）使分解。为及物动词短语。
Food is broken down in the stomach.食物在胃里被分解。
※A smile can break down barriers. (教材典句)
微笑能消除隔阂。
※His car broke down halfway the day before yesterday.
前天他的轿车半路上抛锚了。※Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
工作的压力把她的身体弄垮了。
※Sugar is broken down in the stomach. 糖在胃中被分解。
[知识拓展]
break away from 脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规
break in 闯入；强行进入
break out 突然发生；爆发(不用于被动语态)
break up 打碎；分裂；解体；解散
[即学即练]——完成句子
①他的车在路上出故障了，那就是他开会迟到的原因。
His car on the way, and that was why he was late for the meeting.
②这个女孩挣脱她妈妈，跑了。
The girl her mother and ran away.
③这个乐队大约在1970年解散，但是令人高兴的是，到了20世纪80年代中期他们再次相聚。
The band about 1970, but happily they reunited in the mid1980s.
④在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
Something unexpected always in this area.
⑤为了很快地进入着火的房子， 消防队员拆了那面墙。
The firemen in order to gain quick access to the building on fire.
【答案】1.broke down2.broke away from3.broke up4.breaks out5.broke down the wall
7.witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证 n．目击者；证人
※In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. (教
材典句)在日本, 看到有人使用这个手势的人可能认为它是“钱”的意思。
※(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)However, her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother
earn her degree. 然而, 在目睹他们的母亲赢得学位的过程中孩子们已经学到了重要的一课。
※One witness to the accident said the driver appeared to be drunk. 那起事故的一个目击者说司机好像喝
醉了。
※My coworkers can give witness to my honesty.
我的同事都能为我的诚实作证。
[知识拓展]
(1)witness sth. 目击了某事
witness to (doing)sth. 证实，证明(做)某事
witness for 为……作证
(2)be a witness to sth. 是某事的证据/证人
bear/give witness to 做……的证人；为……作证
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Last Sunday (witness) an extraordinary cross-
country running race, which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.② (witness) thought he was dead but he woke up 20 minutes later, lying in
muddy water.
③His good health is a witness the success of the treatment.
（2）练能力：词汇升级
(普通表达)When he walked out of the park, the old man saw the road accident.
④(高级表达)When he walked out of the park, the old man the road accident.
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①(2020·新高考全国卷Ⅰ)Last Sunday witnessed (witness) an extraordinary crosscountry running race,
which nearly drew the attention of every student and teacher of our school.
②Witnesses (witness) thought he was dead but he woke up 20 minutes later, lying in muddy water.
③His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.
（2）练能力：词汇升级
(普通表达)When he walked out of the park, the old man saw the road accident.
④(高级表达)When he walked out of the park, the old man witnessed the road accident.
[图形助记]
8.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的
Which is a more reliable guide for understanding someone's feelings，their body language or the words
they speak?
哪一种方式更能帮助我们理解别人的感受：是肢体语言还是他们说的语言？
[例1] It has a highly reliable control system.
它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。
[例2] He's a good musician and totally reliable．
他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。
[知识拓展]
(1)a reliable friend 可靠的朋友
be reliable as 作为……是可靠的
(2)rely v. 信任；信赖；依赖；依靠
rely on/upon 依靠；依赖
rely on it that... 相信
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①This statement is not reliable evidence.
②It would be better to rely ourselves than on others.
③You may rely on that he will help you.
④那个年轻人诚实，且有合作精神，当你需要他帮忙的时候，他总是在那儿。简言之，他很可靠。
The young man is honest, cooperative, and is always there when you need his help.In short,．
[小片段填空]
The land, the essential means of production, is the most living security that the peasants
can ．
土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。
【答案】1.as 2.on 3.it 4.he's reliable reliable ，rely on
9. occupy vt. 占据; 占用
※With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the
ceiling. (教材典句)
他们双手托着下巴, 很专注地盯着窗外或天花板。
※Helen was fully occupied looking after two children.
照顾两个孩子使海伦忙得不可开交。
※(2020· 天津高考)It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the
dark, to be satisfied.
它鼓励我们占领自己的小角落, 避免愚蠢地跳进黑暗中, 去自我满足。
※Please state your name, age and occupation below.
请在下面写明姓名、年龄和职业。
【词组】
(1)occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth. 忙于……； 专心于……
(2)occupied adj. 忙于……的；从事……的；已被占用的；被占领的
be occupied in doing sth. 忙于做某事
be occupied with sth. 从事/忙于某事
(3)occupation n. 占领； 职业；工作
【注意】
“忙于做某事”的其他表达方式有：be busy with sth./(in) doing sth.，be employed with sth./(in) doing
sth.，be engaged in sth.。
[词块]
occupy half of the time占用了一半的时间
occupy herself with routine office tasks她忙于办公室的日常工作
（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I've invented a game that will keep the kids (occupy) for hours.
②(天津卷)With the college entrance examination drawing near, I am occupied
preparing for it.
③He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself a very
important experiment.
④The (occupy) occupied most of her time, thus leaving her least time for her
family.
（2）练能力：句式升级(普通表达)Jane has been occupied in getting used to everything and she hasn't had time for social activities.
⑤(高级表达) ,Jane hasn't had time for social activities. (过去分词短语作状语)
⑥(高级表达) ,Jane hasn't had time for social activities.(现在分词短语作状语)
答案（1）练基础：单句语法填空
①I've invented a game that will keep the kids occupied (occupy) for hours.
②(天津卷)With the college entrance examination drawing near, I am occupied in preparing for it.
③He would have attended your birthday party but he occupied himself with a very important experiment.
④The occupation(occupy) occupied most of her time, thus leaving her least time for her family.
（2）练能力：句式升级
(普通表达)Jane has been occupied in getting used to everything and she hasn't had time for social activities.
⑤(高级表达)Occupied_in_getting_used_to_everything,Jane hasn't had time for social activities. (过去分词
短语作状语)
⑥(高级表达)Occupying_herself_in_getting_used_to_everything,Jane hasn't had time for social activities.
(现在分词短语作状语)
10. distinguish vi. & vt. 区分; 辨别
※You’re old enough to distinguish between fact and fantasy.
你已经长大了, 可以分清事实和虚幻了。
※(2019•北京高考) This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。
※She distinguishes herself as a great volleyball coach in the world.
作为优秀的排球教练她在世界上享有盛名。
※Marie Curie is distinguished for her scientific achievements.
玛丽·居里因其科学成就而闻名。
词组
(1)distinguish between ...and ... 区分/辨别……和……
distinguish ... from ... 把……与……区分开来
(2)distinguished adj. 卓越的；著名的；杰出的
(3)distinguishable adj. 可区别的；可辨别的
单句语法填空
①They can even distinguish their mother’s voice ________ that of a female stranger.
②He could not distinguish between cotton（棉花）_______ wool（羊毛）.
③As is known to us, Mo Yan is a ____________(distinguish) novelist.
1.from 2.and 3.distinguished
