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第 08 讲 Unit 2 单词词组短语知识点讲解
1．了解本单元的单词和词组等重要语言点。
2．可以根据本节课的内容来完成一些习题。
1.persuade vt.劝说；说服；使相信
【典型例句】
The phrase in my opinion tells us that the passage is likely meant to persuade. (教材典句)
短语in my opinion告诉我们这篇文章有可能是想说服(人们)。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to
keep smiling.
我知道商店的工作人员会有多难过, 但我试图说服他们继续微笑。
Many customers are persuaded into buying something they don’t need.
很多顾客被说服买了他们并不需要的东西。
I persuaded my father out of smoking. 我劝服了我父亲戒烟。
In the end I persuaded him of its truth.
最终, 我使他相信它是真的。
Advertisements persuade us that newer is better and that we will be happier with the
latest products.
广告使我们相信越新越好，而且使我们相信拥有最新的产品我们就会更幸福。
I tried to persuade him not to go to the cinema, but he didn't listen to me.
我试图说服他不要去看电影，但是他不听我的劝告。
[知识拓展]
persuade sb.to do sth.＝persuade sb.into doing sth.说服某人做某事
persuade sb.not to do sth.＝persuade sb.out of (doing)sth. 说服某人不做某事
persuade sb.of sth./ persuade sb.that...使某人相信……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①Can you persuade her _______ wearing that dress?
②He persuaded me out ________ lending him all my savings.
③He persuaded her ________(go)to school, even though she did not want to.
④我们说服了他不把钱借给那个人。We his money to that man.
⑤我将说服他把药吃下去。
I shall ．
【答案】1.to study2.of 3.accepting 4.persuaded him not to lend/out of lending5.persuade him to
take the medicine
2.switch vt.转换；交换 vt.&vi.(使)改变；转变 n．开关；转换器；改变
【典型例句】
Have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer? (教材典句)
你是否曾忘记关电视或电脑?
(2020·天津高考)He pulls out a special device, points it at the suspect, and switches it on.
他拿出了一个特殊的设备, 指向这个嫌疑犯, 并打开了它。
We have switched over to mobile banking.
我们已经改用手机银行了。
He switched the conversation from one subject to another.
他把谈话从一个话题转到另一个话题。
The boy often switches off in class so he never gets good marks in exams.
那个男孩上课经常不听讲, 所以从来没在考试中取得过好成绩。
For some reason, when certain shows switched into a commercial, a loud noise would
sound for a few seconds.
出于某种原因，当某些电视节目变成广告的时候，它就会发出巨大的噪声，而且要持续几
秒钟。
When not in a room, you'd better switch off all the lights and the fan.
当你不在室内时，最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。
Don't hang up, please. I'll switch through the extension telephone for you.请别挂断电话。
我这就给你接通分机。
用法详解
(1)switch off关上（电灯、电视等）
switch on 打开（电灯、电视等）
switch from...to...从……转变为……
switch through(把电话）接到（某分机）,接过来
(2)make a switch进行改变
同是“开”“关”，动词各异：
(1)开/关（门、窗、盒子等）open/close/shut(the door/window/box...)
(2)开/关（收音机、电灯等）switch on/off(the radio/light...)开/关（收音机、电灯、水、
煤气等）turn on/off(the radio/light/water/gas ...)
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①She switched the lamp because it was dark.②He was so stubborn that he refused to make switch.
③我们问他们是否愿意和我们调换位置。
We asked them if they would ．
④你出门前要把电视关掉。
before you go out.
⑤遥控器让你在不同的电视频道之间轻松地转换。
The remote control allows you between TV channels.
【答案】1.on 2.a 3.switch places with us4.Switch off the TV 5.to switch easily
3.preference n.爱好；偏爱
Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready
for you when you get home each evening.
你未来的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你
准备好。
I am not surprised at all that she chose the white skirt. She always has a preference for
white.
她选择白裙子我一点儿也不感到意外。她一直偏好白色。
Many people expressed a strong preference for the original plan.许多人强烈表示喜欢原计
划。
She was chosen in preference to her sister.她被选中了，而不是她妹妹。
用法详解
(1)prefer doing sth.宁愿做某事
prefer to do sth.宁愿做某事
(2)prefer sb. to do sth.宁愿某人做某事
(3) prefer sth. to sth. /prefer doing... to doing...喜欢（做）……而不喜欢......(帮）
(4) prefer to do ... rather than do...( = would do... rather than do... = would rather do...than
do...)
宁愿做……而不愿做……
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①In considering people for the job, we give (prefer)to those with some
experience.
②She has a preference blue, while I like red better.
③她愿意学小提琴而不是钢琴。
She chose to learn the violin ．
【答案】1.preference2.for 3.in preference to the piano
4.instant n．瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的
Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or
TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会
发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
Kahoot software can provide students with instant feedback(反馈）,including reports about
their strengths and weaknesses.
Kahoot软件可以为学生提供即时反馈，包括关于他们的强项和弱势的报告。
The students dashed out of the classroom the second the bell rang. 铃声一响, 学生们都跑
出了教室。
the instant/the moment/the minute...具有连词功能，引导状语从句，意为“一......就......”。
副词 instantly,immediately,directly 也有此用法。
They carried out the volunteer activity immediately they arrived there.
他们一到达那里就从事志愿活动。
[知识拓展]
(1)n.[C]片刻，瞬间
for an instant暂时，一时，一瞬间
in an instant立即，马上
the instant(that)…………就……（充当连词）
I'll be back in an instant.我马上就回来。
(2)adj.立即的；立刻的；即食的；方便的
instant noodles 方便面
instant coffee 速溶咖啡
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/句型转换
①Just for instant I thought he was going to refuse.
② instant you turn it on, you'll get boiling water from our instant boiling
water tap.
③Immediately, a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out.
→ , a car pulled over and a young woman jumped out.
【答案】1.an 2.The 3.In an instant, 4.the instant (that) he met me
5.command n. 指令；命令；控制 vt. 命令；控制
【典型例句】
All controls will respond to voice commands. (教材典句)
所有的控制都对那些语音指令做出回应。
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)First of all, having lived in China for sixteen years and having learnt
English since I was a child, I have a good command of English and Chinese, which is beneficial
for introducing Chinese paintings.
首先, 我在中国生活了16年, 从小就学习英语, 所以我对英语和汉语都有很好的掌握,
这就有益于介绍中国绘画。
The general commanded his men to attack the city.将军下令让部下攻城。
He commanded that the troops (should) cross the river.
他命令部队渡河。
【巧学助记】语境巧记command
His mother commanded him to work hard to learn a certain number of vocabularies. Now he
has had a good command of French. So he commands the admiration of his friends.
为了掌握一定的词汇量, 他妈妈命令他要努力学习。现在他已经精通法语, 因此也博得
了他朋友的赞赏。
[知识拓展]
have a ... command of sth. 精通/控制某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
be under the command of sb
=be under one’s command 由某人指挥/控制
command + that从句（从句should +V原，should可省）命令做……
表示请求、命令、建议、要求等词后面跟从句时，从句谓语用(should＋)do/be done，
以下动词具有相同的用法。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
①The captain commanded his men (pack)up and march on.
②He commanded that all the gates (shut).
③目前，警察控制了这里的形势。
At present, the police are the situation here.
④这个领导命令他们立刻离开。
①The leader gave a command that
.
②The leader commanded that they
.
③The leader commanded them .
【答案】1.to pack2.(should) be shut3. in command of 4.they (should) leave at once
(should) leave at once to leave at once
6.relevant adj. 有关的；有意义的
【典型例句】
I don't think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing. He has missed the point.
我认为他的发言和我们正在讨论的话题无关，他没有抓住要领。As for your second question, we have noticed relevant reports.
关于你的第二个问题，我们已经注意到了有关报道。
The world on the land seems to be irrelevant to them.
岸上的世界，仿佛已经与他们无关。
The documents are largely irrelevant to the present investigation.
这些文件与目前进行的调查基本上不相干。
Do not show impatience if you feel the interviewer is repeating things or asking questions that
have no relevance to the matter in hand.
假如你觉得对你进行面试的人总是在重复或问一些与目前的事情无关的问题，你别显示不
耐烦。
【重点用法】
irrelevant adj. 无关的，不切题的
be relevant to与……有关
relevance n.关联；切题
have (no) relevance to和……(无)有关
与……有关的其他表达形式还有：be related to；be connected with等。
[即学即练]——完成句子
①这一点至关重要， 我们还是接着谈吧。
This point and we had better move on.
②她的长相跟她能否当个好老师无关。
Her appearance whether she can be a good teacher.
3.这部电影与课堂上正在讨论的事情有关。
①The film what is being discussed in class.(relevant)
②The film what is being discussed in class.(relevance)
③The film what is being discussed in class.(relate)
【答案】1.is really relevant2.is not relevant to3. is relevant to ，has relevance to， is related
to
7.in this sense (in...sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today.
从这个意义上说，明天的家已经是今天的家了。
【典型例句】
This sentence just doesn’t make sense, no matter how you read it. 无论你怎样读这个句子,
它还是讲不通。
[知识拓展]
make sense 讲得通；有意义
make no sense讲不通；没有意义
in a sense在某种意义上；在某种程度上in no sense决不
There’s no/little sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义。
[即学即练]——单句语法填空/完成句子
(1) makes sense to work on the problem before it gets out of control.
(2)There is no sense in (force) yourself to get what you don't want.
(3)What you say is true in sense.
④这种事情决不能发生在我们学校。
In no sense to happen in our school.
⑤从这个意义上讲它也有利于我们的健康。
it is also beneficial to our health.
【答案】1.It，2.forcing3.a 4.should such a thing be allowed 5.In this sense
8.distant adj. 遥远的; 远处的; 疏远的; 心不在焉的 派生: distance n. 距离; 间距
【典型例句】
(2019·天津高考) To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or
vehicles that travel to distant planets. 对许多人来说, 技术就是电脑, 便携式设备或登上
遥远星球的运输工具。
The book should be held about six inches distant from the eyes. 应当把书保持在离眼
睛大约6英寸处。
If it’s a short distance, walking is the best option.
如果是短途出行, 走路是最好的选择。
They can see the ancient ruins at a distance of 20 miles.
他们在20英里外就可以看到这一古代遗迹。
I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains farther in the distance. 我可以欣赏到远处
白雪皑皑的群山。
Her father advised her to keep her distance from that fellow. 她父亲劝她与那家伙保
持距离。
It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance.要了解
她很难，因为她总是对每个人都很冷淡。
用法详解
distant adj.遥远的；远处的；久远的
be distant from...离......远
distance n.距离；远方；遥远；疏远v.不介入，与……疏远
in the distance在远方；在远处
at a distance of在……远的地方
at/from a distance隔一段距离；从远处
keep sb. at a distance对某人冷淡；与某人疏远
[即学即练](1)The time we spent together is now a (distance) memory.
(2)As we approached ， we could see the lighthouse winking
.
随着我们靠近，我们可以看见在远处灯塔一闪一闪地发光。
(3)As the famous painter says，the picture looks better .
正如那位著名的画家所说，隔一段距离看这幅画会更好些。
(4)It’s better for you to .
你最好和他疏远。
1.distant 2.in the distance 3.at a distance 4.keep him at a distance
10. in addition另外; 此外; 也; 还
【典型例句】
In addition, people with confirmed cases must get treatment under quarantine as soon as possible.
(时事典句)
此外, 确诊病例要尽快隔离治疗。
In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. (话题典句)
我们读书除了为获取知识外, 还为了获得乐趣与灵感。
I love roses, and I think they make a beautiful addition to any garden.
我喜欢玫瑰, 我认为它们可以给任何一个花园增添姿色。
归纳拓展
add vt.& vi.增加；添加；补充说
(1)add up sth./add sth.up把……加起来
(2)add up to加起来等于；总计
(3)add to 增加；增添
(4) add sth. to sth.把……加到/进……里
(5)add that...补充说......
词汇联想
additional adj.附加的；另外的；额外的
additionally adv.额外地；除此之外
10. available adj. 可获得的; 可购得的; (人)有空的 派生 availability n. 可用/可得到的人或
物
【典型例句】
Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. (教材典句)
这些新的发明创造中有很多已经可以买到, 并且在一些家庭中正在被使用。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)The trend, then, was toward the“penny paper”—a term referring to papers made
widely available to the public.当时的趋势是朝着“一便士报纸”的方向发展, 其目的是让广大普通民众可以买到报纸。
There will be four basketball courts available for our use with one teacher watching over each
game.
将有四个篮球场供我们使用, 每场比赛都有一名老师监管。
The Windows 7 Extended Security Updates will be available until 2023 for businesses of all sizes.
(时事典句)
所有规模的企业直到2023年都可以使用Windows 7扩展安全更新。
归纳拓展
be available for sth.对......有用
be available to do sth. 有空做某事
[即学即练]
1. Mr. Smith ________________________ the meeting on Thursday.
史密斯先生没有时间参加星期四的会议。
2. ________________________ this afternoon?
今天下午她有空吗?
3. I'm afraid____________________ help with the show on the 19th.
恐怕19号的演出我没空帮忙。
4.____________________________, because it is being repaired.
我的自行车现在不能用，因为它正在修理。
1.was not available for/to attend 2.Will she be available 3.I'm not available to 4.My bike is
not available now
1．You prefer healthy food________fast food.
2．It is ________ (believe) that smoking does harm to our health.
3．She was the first woman ___________(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
4．This great ________________(predict) is coming true.
5．It's________________(normal) for the little boy to eat so much.
6．A ____________ (combine) of talent, hard work and good looks have taken her to the top.
7．She believed she had come up with one of the greatest ____________(innovate) of modern
times.
8．He advocated_______(ban) cars in the city centre at the meeting.
9．Ade's constant________(absent) from work made his boss very angry.
10．While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____(persuade) into buying something they
don’t really need.11．Even though we live in a high-tech age, it's still impossible to predict the weather
____(accurate).
12．I tried to get in touch ______________you yesterday evening, but I think you were out.
13．I have a ________(prefer) for physiology.
14．You must switch _____the TV when you leave.
15．Job ________(secure) is a thing of the past.
16．Spaceships make it possible ______(travel)to the moon.
17．Houses with advanced appliances will keep us ________ ( security) and healthy.
18．I would oppose _________(change)the law.
19．Thanks to the ______ ( advance) technology, our life becomes more convenient.
20．Many of these chemicals can lead ________ cancer or other illnesses.
参考答案
1．to 2．believed 3．to win 4．prediction
5．abnormal 6．combination 7．innovations 8．banning
9．absences 10．being persuaded 11．accurately
12．with 13．preference 14．off 15．security 16．to travel 17．secure 18．
changing 19．advanced 20．to
