文档内容
【暑假辅导班】
新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）
第18讲 选择性必修一 Unit 5 Reading and Thinking
【核心知识点讲解】
1. devote vt. 把……献(给); 把……专用于; 专心于
*Indeed, his slim but strong body is just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he has devoted his life.
事实上, 他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献了一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。
*(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.
尽管有感染的风险, 李叔叔对工作很负责任和投入。
*I feel that I’ve been given a second life to devote to something that is meaningful and enormous. 我觉得我被赋予
了第二次生命, 去致力于一些有意义和伟大的事情。
【词块记忆】
(1)devote. . . to (doing) sth. 把(时间、精力或注意力)投入、用于(做)某事
devote oneself to 献身于; 致力于; 专心于(to是介词)
(2)devoted adj. 热爱的, 忠诚的
(3)devotion n. 献身, 忠诚, 热爱, 专心
【知识延伸】表达“献身于……, 专心于……”的常用短语还有: give one’s life to. . .
commit oneself to. . .
apply oneself to. . .
dedicate. . . to. . .
2. shortage n. 不足; 缺少; 短缺
*However, what concerned him most was that farmers often had poor harvests and sometimes even had a serious
shortage of food to eat.
然而, 他最担心的是农民往往收成不好, 有时甚至严重缺粮。
*(2019·浙江高考)The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.
在树木缺水最严重的地区, 大树的损失最大。
【词块记忆】
(1)food/water/housing shortages 食物/用水/住房短缺shortage of 缺乏
(2)short adj. 不足的; 缺乏的
be short of 缺乏, 不足
3. convince vt. 使相信; 使确信; 说服
*Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice.
袁隆平相信在杂交水稻的培育中可以找到答案。
*(2020·全国Ⅱ卷) He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it.
他说, 虽然说服人们相信海狸鼠皮毛环保是不容易的, 但是他对此毫不怀疑。
*(2020·天津高考) He convinced the police department to allow him to set up a couple of “chat benches” in two of
their local parks.
他说服警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设置几张“聊天椅”。
*You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job.
你要使他们相信你殷切希望得到这份工作。
【词块记忆】
(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. + that从句 使某人相信
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
(2)convincing adj.令人信服的
(3)convinced adj. 确信的, 坚信的
4. assumption n. 假定; 设定; (责任的)承担; (权利的)获得
*The common assumption then was that it could not be done.
当时的普遍假设是这是做不到的。
*(2019·江苏高考)A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption
that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers.
一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些副本转交给了公园管理部门, 认为他们可能会将其放大以供其中一个游
客中心展示。
*(2019·江苏高考)We are so fond of our high intelligence that we assume that when it comes to brain power, more
must be better. 我们非常喜欢我们的高智商, 以至于我们认为当涉及脑力时, 大脑一定越大越好。
*It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍认为, 紧张是工作过重所致。
【词块记忆】
(1)assume v. 假定; 假设; 认为It is assumed that. . . 人们(普遍)认为……
(2)with an assumption of/on the assumption that 假设……
5. estimate vt. 估计; 估价; 估算 n. 估计; 估算
*It is estimated (that) the house is worth 3, 000, 000 dollars.
据估计, 这座房子值三百万美元。
*Can you estimate the worth of the used car?
你能估算一下这辆旧汽车值多少钱吗?
*(2020· 天津高考) I have underestimated you as I didn’t know your background.
因为我不知道你的背景而低估了你。
【词块记忆】
(1)be estimated to be/have 估计
It is estimated + that. . . 据估计
(2)at a rough estimate 粗略估计, 粗略说来
(3)underestimate v. 低估
6. reality n. 现实; 实际情况; 事实
*His latest vision for “seawater rice” has also become a reality, and potentially opened up nearly one million
square kilometres of salty land in China for rice production.
他关于“海水水稻”的最新设想也成为了现实, 并有可能在中国开辟近100万平方千米的盐碱地, 用于水稻
生产。
*(2020·江苏高考) The speed of 6G will exceed 125 GB/s, allowing for a new generation of virtual reality.
6G的速度将会超过每秒125GB, 使得新一代的虚拟现实成为可能。
*Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.
曼恩认为, Terrafugia比任何人都更接近于使飞车成为现实。
【词块记忆】
(1)in reality 事实上; 实际上
escape from reality 逃避现实
(2)real adj. 真实的
really adv. 真实地
(3)realistic adj. 现实的, 实际的, 现实主义的, 逼真的
7. expand vt. &vi. 扩大, 增加vt. 扩展, 发展(业务)
*This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly.
这种杂交使农民能够大幅度增加产量。*(2019·天津高考)Six years after its launch, Cuddle Buddies continues to expand.
推出六年之后, Cuddle Buddies项目继续扩大。
*We need additional support to strengthen and expand into new areas. 我们需要额外的支持从而加强和扩展到
新的领域。
*I’m quite satisfied with your explanation, so there’s no need to expand on it.
我对你的解释十分满意, 因此不需要详细阐述了。
*He hopes the event will take place every year and expand to neighboring countries.
他希望每年都可以举行这种活动, 并且扩展到周边国家。
【词块记忆】
expand into 扩展到
expand on 展开; 更充分地阐述; 详谈
expand to 扩展到
8. comprise vt. 包括; 包含; 由……组成
* Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops
generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. 如今, 据估计, 中国约60%的国内大米消费是由袁(隆平)的杂交品种生产
的作物构成的。
* Women comprise 44% of hospital medical staff.
女性占医院医护人员的44%。
9. Yuan’s innovation has helped feed not just China, but many other countries that depend on rice as well,
such as India and Vietnam. 袁(隆平)的创新不仅帮助了中国, 也帮助了许多其他依赖大米的国家, 如印度和
越南。
【句式解构】
句中包含not just. . . but. . . (不仅/不但……而且……)结构, 相当于not only. . . but (also). . . (also可省略)。
该句型可连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语, 说话的侧重点在后一部分。当连接两个并列主
语时, 谓语动词的形式应根据“就近原则”, 同最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
*(2020·天津高考 )This effort is not just an attempt at being community minded — it’s also a crime-cutting
measure. 这项努力不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试, 也是一种减少犯罪的措施。
*(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)What I want is not just an ordinary cafe but a very special one. 我想要的不只是一个普通的咖
啡馆, 而是一个非常特别的咖啡馆。
*I like not just pop music but country music.
我不仅喜欢流行音乐, 而且喜欢乡村音乐。【要点拾遗】
1. consider v. (仔细)考虑, 体谅, 顾及; 认为, 觉得
*Yet, he considers himself a farmer because he continually works the land in his research. 然而, 他(袁隆平)认为
自己是农民, 因为他在田间耕作, 进行科学研究。
*(2020·浙江高考) Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just
making them bigger. 现在他希望其他城市能考虑让街道变得更智能化, 而不仅仅是让街道变大。
*(2019·浙江高考)The challenge is all the more serious when you consider the demanding exercise required to bike
from France to Poland. 当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的更高强度运动时, 挑战就更加严峻了
*He was considering what to do next. 他在考虑下一步怎么办。
【词块记忆】
consider. . . (to be/as) 认为……是; 把……看作
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
consider +how从句/wh-从句 考虑……
all things considered 考虑到所有情况, 综合考虑
consider it adj. /n. +to do 认为做某事……
2. crisis n. (pl. crises)危机, 危急关头
*To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in
Chongqing. 为了应对这一危机, 他选择了研究农业, 并受教于重庆的西南农业大学。
*Oil shortages have brought on an energy crisis.
石油短缺已经造成了能源危机。
*The business is still in crisis but it has survived the worst of times.
这家公司仍处于危机之中, 但它已经挺过了最坏的时期。
【词块记忆】
solve a crisis 化解危机
be at a crisis point 处于危急关头
be in crisis 危机中
in times of crisis 在危急时刻
3. realise/realize vt. 实现, 认识到, 意识到
*Yuan Longping realised that larger fields were not the solution.
袁隆平意识到更大的种植面积不是解决问题的方法。
*He realized that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat.他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护他们免受高温的影响。
*(2020·天津高考)She realized she looked like a child, with her tiny figure.
她意识到自己身材瘦小, 长得像个孩子。
【词块记忆】
realise one’s dreams/goals/ambitions 实现某人的梦想/目标/抱负
realise +that/what从句 意识到
【知识延伸】
Achieve v. 实现
realisation / realization n. 实现
4. characteristic n. 特征; 特点; 品质 adj. 典型的; 独特的
*One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.
杂交作物的一个特点是通常比常规作物获得更高的产量。
*(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics
that made the task easier for them.
她想知道几个世纪的潜水经历能否导致他们身体特征的进化, 从而使得这项工作对他们来说更容易。
*(2019·北京高考)Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since
they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.
气候变暖会改变海洋的主要特征, 并影响浮游植物的生长, 因为它们不仅需要阳光和二氧化碳的生长, 而且
需要营养素。
【词块记忆】
character n. 品质, 性格; 特点, 特性 vt. 使具有特征
It’s characteristic of sb. that. . . ……是某人的特点
5. conventional adj. 传统的, 习惯的
*One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops.
杂交作物的一个特征是通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。
*It is simpler and quicker to use than conventional methods.
这比传统的做法更简单、更快捷。
* Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart-phones defeated conventional PCs in sales. 仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布
斯去世5年后, 智能手机的销售量就打败了传统的个人电脑。
【词块记忆】
convention n. 惯例, 习俗
conventionally adv. 传统地6. overcome (overcame, overcome)vt. 克服; 解决; 战胜
*Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could
be used for farming in 1974.
经过不懈的努力, 袁隆平克服巨大的技术困难, 于1974年研制出第一种可用于农业的杂交水稻。
*(2020· 天津高考) As is described in Paragraph 4, taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the kid to
overcome reading difficulties.
如第4段所述, 带一个小孩参加半小时的故事时光可以帮助他克服阅读困难。
【词块记忆】
overcome the enemy 战胜敌人
overcome the difficulties 克服困难
be overcome by curiosity 受好奇心驱使
7. despite prep. 不管, 尽管, 任凭
*Despite his advanced years, Yuan Longping is still young at heart and full of vision, and everyone is waiting to
see what he will dream up next.
尽管年事已高, 但袁隆平内心依然年轻, 充满憧憬, 大家都在等着看他接下来会梦想什么。
*(2019·江苏高考)Despite their many differences, all human beings share several defining characteristics, such as
large brains and the ability to walk upright on two legs.
尽管他们有许多不同之处, 但所有人都有一些明确的特征, 比如大的脑袋和用两条腿直立行走的能力。
*(2018·江苏高考)Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for
his staff.
尽管酒店的服务很差, 经理还是不愿意投资为他的员工进行足够的培训。
【基础训练】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. I have four children and I (continue) learn new things from them.
2. The hero in the novel is a selfish businessman whose whole effort and life are devoted to earning more money.
3. We are working on the (assume) that everyone invited will turn up.
4. Mike found a (challenge) job as a computer programmer in a big company.
5. He has been with the company since its (create) in 1989.
6. All (variety) of goods for daily use are available.
7. Once Yuan Longping envisioned rice plants tall as sorghum.
8. Most students have to look for jobs after university (graduate).9. It takes patience (educate) children.
10. He will try his best to help them by means of his (convention) medical knowledge.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
domestic farming celebrity estimate convince shortage solution generate advance leisure
1. Joanna has finally made it to the first rank of after 25 years as an actress.
2. Poor preparation and of equipment accounted for their failure of climbing to the top of the
mountain.
3. The first hybrid rice was used for in 1974.
4. It is that about 1, 000 people attended the city marathon.
5. Women are still the main victims of violence.
6. A to a problem or difficult situation is a way of dealing with it so that the difficulty is removed.
7. I’m not going to believe it myself, never mind anyone else.
8. The company, New England Electric, burns coal to power.
9. I like to go to the cinema when I have time.
10. The gentleman, despite his years, helped Kathryn back to her seat.
Ⅲ. 根据提示翻译句子
1. 袁隆平, 被誉为“杂交水稻之父”, 是中国最著名的科学家之一。(know as)
2. 袁隆平的父母希望他从事科学或医学事业。(want sb. to do)
3. 1953年毕业后, 他担任研究员。(after doing)
4. 袁隆平的创新不仅帮助养活了中国, 还帮助养活了许多其他依赖大米的国家, 如印度和越南。(not just. . .
but)
5. 应该有一个你可以向他寻求任何建议的人。(there be)
IV. 阅读理解
A
Seawater rice test yield holds promise for harsh lands
By Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong in Urumuqi | chinadaily. com. cn | Updated: 2019-11-19 17: 01The seawater rice, developed by agricultural scientist Yuan Longping and his team, achieved a theoretical yield
of 546. 74 kilograms per mu (0. 07 hectares) in a paddy in Yopurga county, Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region.
The figure was announced after a strict and public evaluation last month by a production testing expert group,
which consisted of four renowned rice experts.
Yuan Longping’s research team, which started planting rice in the saline-alkali field in 2018, expanded their
experimental rice field to more than 20 hectares this year in the county, located near China’s largest desert, the
Taklimakan.
The rice output from the experimental rice field indicated that the saline-alkali land can be transformed into
good rice fields in three to five years, said Wang Qi, an expert with Yuan Longping’s research team.
The trial plot to grow the seawater rice is of a heavy saline-alkali nature, with salinity coming to more than 17
per 1, 000 parts and the pH value reaching over 8. 0, but the seawater rice has the effect of improving the soil and
reducing the saline-alkali content, Wang said.
1. Who reported the news?
A. Wang Qi.
B. Yuan Longping.
C. Yuan Longping’s research team.
D. Mao Weihua and Zheng Caixiong.
2. What’s the advantage of seawater rice?
A. It achieved a yield of 546. 74 kg per hectare.
B. It can be planted in the saline-alkali field.
C. It doesn’t need so much sunlight.
D. It can be planted everywhere.
3. When did the seawater rice begin to be planted in Xinjiang by Yuan Longping and his team?
A. Last month. B. In 2018.
C. In November, 2019. D. In October.
4. Where does this passage probably come from?
A. A guide book. B. A TV program.
C. A website. D. A text book.
B
Every summer, my family and I visit our relatives in India and whenever we travel, my parents always
remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water. On one of my trips to India, I saw children drinking water fromthe roadside. I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most of them children in developing countries, die
each year because of water related diseases.
Living in the US, I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water(饮用水), while one sixth of
the world’s population lacks access to clean water. This year, I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young
Scientist Challenge. In late June, I learned that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous
middle school science competition. Over the summer, I worked with Dr. Jim Jonza, my Scientist mentor(导
师)from 3M, and developed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My invention is green and cost-
effective, and I am looking forward to implementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.
In October, my family and I flew to 3M Headquarters in St Paul, Minnesota, where the final event was to be
held. For the last challenge, each of us had to present the invention we had been working on over the summer. The
first place winner would win $25, 000, a trip to Costa Rica, and the title of America’s Top Young Scientist. At the
awards ceremony, all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Danny Forester, started announcing “The
winner of the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge is. . . ”You could hear a pin(大头针)drop as he
opened the paper with the winner’s name, “Deepika Kurup! ”
As America’s Top Young Scientist, I was given an opportunity to show my invention on national television
and deliver several presentations. One of the most important things I have learned is that communication and
teamwork are key to success.
5. Why does the author mention her visits to India?
A. To express her great love for India.
B. To show the problem of unclean water.
C. To explain the importance of relatives.
D. To compare eastern and western cultures.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “implementing” in Paragraph 2?
A. Researching. B. Changing.
C. Finishing. D. Using.
7. How did the audience react as Forester opened the paper with the winner’s name?
A. They appeared calm.
B. They let out shouts of joy.
C. They sat quietly.
D. They dropped pins to the author.
8. How is the text mainly organized?A. In order of time.
B. In order of complexity(复杂性).
C. In order of place.
D. In order of importance.
