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【暑假辅导班】
新高二英语暑假精品课程（人教版）
第3讲 过去分词的用法
一、过去分词的基本用法
过去分词只有一种形式，也没有主动语态，它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分
词在句中也可用作定语、表语、宾语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该
分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：
1.作定语：过去分词作定语时，如果这个分词是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是分词短
语，就位于其修饰的名词之后。被过去分词所修饰的名词，就是该分词的逻辑主语，如：The stolen car
was found by the police last week.
2.作表语：过去分词作表语时，表示其逻辑主语所处的状态，其逻辑主语就是句中的主语，如：The
glass is broken.这个玻璃杯是破的。 注：过去分词作表语时，和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达的
意义不同，如：The glass was broken by my little brother.这个玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表语用的过去
分词在许多词典中已列为形容词，如：crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced,
frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed,
worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
3.作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语就是其逻辑主语，如：When I opened the
door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注：动词have后的复合宾语中，宾语补足语如为过去分词，
常表示该分词所表示的动作是由别人来执行的而不是句中主语自己来执行的，如：I had my bike repaired
yesterday. 昨天我（找别人）把我的自行车给修了。
4.作状语：过去分词作状语时，相当于一个状语从句，该结构的逻辑主语一般都是主句的主语，是过
去分词所表示意义的逻辑宾语。为了使作状语的过去分词意义更加明确，常在分词前加 when, if, while,
though, as等连词，如：Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/
If given more time, we could have done it better.（we是该结构的逻辑主语，是give的逻辑宾语。）
二、独立主格
上述-ing和过去分词的用法中，-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立
的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其前之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。独立主
格在句中一般只作状语用，而-ing和过去分词作用的形式，则要根据它们所表示的动作和句中谓语动词所
表示的时间关系而定。至于独立主格中是使用-ing或是过去分词，则要根据它们的主语和其所表示的动作的主动被动关系而定，如：
The bell ringing, we all stopped talking.
注：The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest.
①独立结构中的being或having been常可省去，
如：The meeting (being) over, all left the room.
②作伴随状语的独立结构常可用with短语来代替，
如：She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.
三、现在分词与过去分词的比较
现在分词与过去分词都可以在句中起形容词和副词的作用，可作定语、表语、补足
语和状语。
1) 作定语 现在分词作定语，多表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词同时进行，也可表示经常性的动作或
状态；而过去分词作定语，则多表示分词动作先于谓语动词发生的动作或表示被动关系。分词短语作定语
时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如：The man standing at the window is our teacher. 站在窗户边的男子是我们的老师。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health. 污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
2) 作表语 现在分词和过去分词作表语时都放在系动词之后，构成系表结构，表示主语所处的状态。
例如：I think the shop is closed at this time of day. 我想这时商店关门了。
The idea seems quite convincing. 这个主意好像很有说服力。
3) 作宾语补足语 现在分词和过去分词都可以作宾语补足语，通常用在感官动词(如hear, see, notice,
watch, feel, look at等)或使役动词(如make, let, have等)的宾语之后，亦可以用于“with+复合宾语”结构中。
选择使用现在分词还是过去分词主要取决于宾语和动词的关系，如果两者间是主动关系就用现在分词，如
果是被动关系则用过去分词。
例如：We watched the teacher making the experiment carefully. 我们仔细地看老师做实验。
When he came in, he found the window broken. 当他进来时，发现窗户被打破了。
4) 作状语 分词作状语时，现在分词往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系，表示时间、原因、方式、结
果、条件、伴随情况等；过去分词一般表示被动关系或已经完成的动作，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随情
况等。
例如：Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out. 听到呼救声，他们都冲了出来。
Encouraged by the teacher, we worked still harder than ever. 受到老师的鼓励，我们比以前更努力地学习。
【扩展】分词短语作状语时，它表示的动作或状态有逻辑上的主语，这个意义上的主语与句中主语是
一致的，即所指的同一个人或同一件事物。例如：Looking up at Tom, I listened to the story of Washington. 我抬头看着汤姆，听着华盛顿的故事。
(look up 和listen to 都是“我”发出的动作)
如果分词短语意义上的主语与句中主语不是同一个人或物，就必须有一个名词或一个主格代词作它意
义上的主语，放在前面构成一个独立短语，这种“名词(主格代词)+分词”的结构称为带主语的独立结构。
例如：The bus being very crowded, he had to stand. 公共汽车很挤，他只好站着。(分词的逻辑主语是the
bus，句子的主语是he)
It being fine, I’ll go fishing. 天气好的话，我将去钓鱼。(分词的逻辑主语是It，句子的主语是I)
形容词性的现在分词与过去分词的区别
分词用作形容词时，present(现在)和past(过去)这两个术语并不能说明它们的真正作用，它们的主要区
别在于语态和时间关系上。
1) 语态不同 现在分词表示主动关系，过去分词表示被动的意思。
例如：a sleeping boy 正在睡觉的孩子 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳
a burnt child 一个烧伤的孩子 a raised hand 举起的手
2) 时间关系不同 一般来说现在分词表示的动作可能与句中限定动词所指的动作同时发生，也可能不
同时发生；而过去分词指过去的时间或已经完成的动作。
例如：boiling water沸水 an interesting story 激动人心的故事
boiled water 冷开水 a fallen leaf落叶 a retired teacher退休教师
【注意】英语中有许多表示人的情感类的形容词需注意区别：现在分词往往来说明某事物所具有的某
种性质、特征；而过去分词往往用来说明人受外在条件影响所产生的情感。
例如：interesting有趣的，令人感兴趣的 interested 感兴趣的，对……表现出兴趣的； disappointing令
人失望的，令人灰心的 disappointed失望的，沮丧的；
puzzling令人困惑的，令人迷惑不解的，puzzled 困惑的；迷惑不解的；
exciting令人激动的，使人兴奋的，excited激动的，兴奋的。
根据现在分词与过去分词的区别情况，可以判断原句前半句中，存在分词作状语的情况，分词的逻辑
主语与后面的主句主语一致，由于表示的是被动的关系，说明了 prisoners often suffer from loneliness
的原因，因此应该选择过去分词的两项C和D。选项中cut的四个固定词组分别为：cut out“停止作
用”；cut sth. down“砍倒，夺取，减少”；cut in“驶入车道过急，插嘴，加入”；cut off“切去，
打断，使孤立”，根据句意，应该选择D。全句意为：由于与家人和朋友相隔离，囚犯们常常深受寂寞
之苦。
复习演练Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (regard) as one of the cultural treasures of China, Beijing Opera is more than just music and singing.
2. (bear)in a traditional Chinese family, I have a deeper understanding of the Chinese culture.
3. We were all (inspire) by the inspiring speech made by the well-known teacher.
4. (determine) to get a ticket of the concert, he didn’t mind standing in a long queue.
5. (offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
6. (strike)by the COVID-19, Italy suffered great loss.
7. (face) with a difficult situation , he decided to ask his parents for some advice.
8. I am very (delight) at the news that my brother got the first place in the long-distance race.
9. Completely (examine) by the doctors, Mr Lee went back to work right now.
10. (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
Ⅱ. 句型转换
1. When it is seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
→ from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
2. When he was asked about the accident, Mr Black burst into tears.
→ about the accident, Mr Black burst into tears.
3. Mr Yang, who was deeply moved, thanked the kids again and again.
→Mr Yang, , thanked the kids again and again.
4. Because the book is edited by three language experts, it has been popular with the readers.
→ by three language experts, the book has been popular with the readers.
5. As they were influenced by the warm-hearted worker’s example, the couple did countless good deeds.
→ by the warm-hearted worker’s example, the couple did countless good deeds.
6. When children are accompanied by their parents, they are allowed to enter the stadium.
→ by their parents, children are allowed to enter the stadium.
1. The building which was built last year is our classroom building.
→The building is our classroom building.
2. The book which was published ten years ago is still a best-seller today.
→The book is still a best-seller today.
3. What will you do with the paper that has been used?
→What will you do with ?
4. How can the doctors who are working in the operation room protect themselves?
→ How can the doctors protect themselves?IⅡ. 完成句子
1. There are . It is time for to protect them from dying
out.
剩余的老虎不多了, 是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
2. He passed away, leaving .
他去世了, 留下他还未完成的著作。
3. Don’t when I ask you a question.
当我问你问题时不要闭口不语。
4. Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to in a short period.
珍妮希望史密斯先生会建议一个好的方法以使她的英语写作在短期内得到提升。
5. They managed to by using very simple English.
他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
6. When we with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后, 我们决定在家过假期。
7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to as much as possible.
为了学好英语, 我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语口语。
8. , he began to think of a journey.
每一个问题解决后, 他开始考虑一场旅行。
9. The manager at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
10. The shocking news what terrible problems we would face.
这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
ⅠV. 阅读理解
Robyn Rihanna Fenty has rocked the entertainment world with her contributions to pop music. She was born
on February 20, 1988, in Saint Michael, Barbados. In her early teens, Rihanna was greatly inspired by reggae (雷
盖音乐) singer Bob Marley and pop singer Madonna. She was lucky enough to get her first opportunity at the age
of 15, when her friend introduced her to an experienced music composer Evan Rogers from New York.
Rihanna moved to the US to start a career in music, and recorded under the guidance of Rogers and his
partner Carl Sturken. Later, Shane Carter recognized her talent and had her sign a contract with Def Jam
Recordings.Rihanna has been musically influenced by famous artists, such as Beyonce Knowles, Madonna, Mariah
Carey, Alicia Keys, and Bob Marley. In 2005, Rihanna released her debut album (首张专辑) “Music of the Sun”,
which included the single hit “Pon de Replay”. This single broke all records and peaked at No. 2 on the US
Billboard Hot 100 charts, as well as the UK charts. Her second single “If It’s Lovin’ That You Want” was at No. 36
on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, and No. 11 on the UK charts.
Rihanna released her second album, “A Girl Like Me” in 2006, which included the hit song and lead single
“S. O. S” (Rescue Me). This single peaked at the number one position on the Billboard Hot 100.
In 2006, Rihanna also tried her luck in films, and made her acting debut playing a role in “Bring It On: All or
Nothing”. The next year, she released her third album “Good Girl Gone Bad”, which had hit tracks like
“Umbrella”, “Hate That I Love You”, and “Don’t Stop the Music”, among others. In the same year, at the MTV
Video Music Awards, Rihanna won two awards for the hit single “Umbrella”. In 2008, Rihanna won her first
Grammy Award for her hit single “Umbrella”. So far, Rihanna has won 45 awards in various categories.
1. What plays an important role in Rihanna’s success?
A. The support of her friends.
B. The encouragement of her family.
C. The education she received at school.
D. The help and influence of successful musicians.
2. What happened to Rihanna when she was eighteen years old?
A. She started a career in music.
B. She began to act in films.
C. She began to release albums.
D. She won her first Grammy Award.
3. What do we know about Rihanna’s second single “If It’s Lovin’ That You Want”?
A. It was released in 2006.
B. It was included in her third album.
C. It was not as successful as her first single.
D. It was more successful than her third single.
4. Which song earned rewards for Rihanna for two years in a row?
A. Umbrella.
B. Pon de Replay.
C. Hate That I Love You.D. Don’t Stop the Music.
V. 语法填空
The best friendship to be described in Chinese literature is 1. __________(probable) the one between Yu Boya
and Zhong Ziqi. Yu was a famous master (大师) of music 2. __________ played the qin well. Once, he took a boat
trip to the state of Chu. Inspired by the beautiful view along the way, Yu took out his qin and 3. __________(begin)
to play. After a while, he noticed a woodsman (樵夫)4. __________(enjoy) his music quietly. The man was Zhong
Ziqi. When Yu played music that described high mountains, Zhong said: “How wonderful it is! I seem to see
Taishan Mountain. ” And when he played music that described flowing water, Zhong said: “How wonderful it is!
I seem to see the rushing river. ” Yu was surprised by the woodsman’s 5. __________(word) because the man could
really understand 6. __________(he)music. When Zhong died the following year, Yu was 7. upset that
he took out his qin to play the music of the “high mountains and flowing water” one last time for Zhong. When he
was done, he broke his qin 8. __________ purpose so he could never play it again.
Now, 9. __________ phrase “high mountains and flowing water”10. __________(use) to stand for the true
friendship.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 1. Regarded(regard) as one of the cultural treasures of China, Beijing Opera is more than just music and
singing.
2. Born(bear)in a traditional Chinese family, I have a deeper understanding of the Chinese culture.
3. We were all inspired(inspire) by the inspiring speech made by the well-known teacher.
4. Determined(determine) to get a ticket of the concert, he didn’t mind standing in a long queue.
5. Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
6. Stricken(strike)by the COVID-19, Italy suffered great loss.
7. Faced(face) with a difficult situation , he decided to ask his parents for some advice.
8. I am very delighted(delight) at the news that my brother got the first place in the long-distance race.
9. Completely examined(examine) by the doctors, Mr Lee went back to work right now.
10. Ordered(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
Ⅱ. 1. When it is seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
→Seen from the hill, the town looks more beautiful.
2. When he was asked about the accident, Mr Black burst into tears.
→When asked about the accident, Mr Black burst into tears.3. Mr Yang, who was deeply moved, thanked the kids again and again.
→Mr Yang, deeply moved, thanked the kids again and again.
4. Because the book is edited by three language experts, it has been popular with the readers.
→Edited by three language experts, the book has been popular with the readers.
5. As they were influenced by the warm-hearted worker’s example, the couple did countless good deeds.
→Influenced by the warm-hearted worker’s example, the couple did countless good deeds.
6. When children are accompanied by their parents, they are allowed to enter the stadium.
→When accompanied by their parents, children are allowed to enter the stadium.
1. The building which was built last year is our classroom building.
→The building built last year is our classroom building.
2. The book which was published ten years ago is still a best-seller today.
→The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today.
3. What will you do with the paper that has been used?
→What will you do with the used paper?
4. How can the doctors who are working in the operation room protect themselves?
→ How can the doctors working in the operation room protect themselves?
Ⅱ. 1. There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments concerned to take measures to protect them from
dying out.
2. He passed away, leaving his works unfinished.
3. Don’t keep your mouth shut when I ask you a question.
4. Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period.
5. They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple English.
6. When we saw the road blocked with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
8. With every problem settled, he began to think of a journey.
9. The manager ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
10. The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.
ⅠV.【文章大意】文章主要介绍了Robyn Rihanna Fenty在流行音乐界做出的巨大贡献, 特别指出她的歌曲
所获得的成绩。
1.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句 Rihanna has been musically influenced by famous artists,
such as Beyonce Knowles, Madonna, Mariah Carey, Alicia Keys, and Bob Marley. 可知, Rihanna在音乐上深受
著名艺术家Beyonce Knowles, Madonna, Mariah Carey, Alicia Keys和Bob Marley 的影响, 所以这些著名艺术家对她的成功有很大的帮助和影响。故选D。
2.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句She was born on February 20, 1988, in Saint Michael,
Barbados. 可知, 她在1988年出生, 因此她18岁时是2006年; 又根据最后一段第一句In 2006, Rihanna also
tried her luck in films. 可知, 在2006年, 她拍摄了电影。由此可知在Rihanna 18岁的时候, 她开始演电影, 故
选B。
3.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句Her second single “If It’s Lovin’ That You Want” was
at No. 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 charts, and No. 11 on the UK charts. 可知, 她的第二首单曲《If It’s Lovin’
That You Want》在美国公告牌单曲榜排行36名, 在英国排行11名。根据文章第三段倒数第二句This single
broke all records and peaked at No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 charts, as well as the UK charts. 可知, 她的第
一首单曲打破所有纪录, 在美国公告牌百强单曲榜和英国排行榜都是排行第二, 故C项正确。故选C。
4.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中In the same year, at the MTV Video Music Awards, Rihanna
won two awards for the hit single “Umbrella”. In 2008, Rihanna won her first Grammy Award for her hit single
“Umbrella”. 可知, 在2006年, Rihanna 因为她的单曲《Umbrella》得了两次奖; 在2008年, 因为这首单曲获得
了格莱美奖, 故选A。
V.【文章大意】文章讲述了俞伯牙和钟子期之间的友谊。在俞伯牙得知知音钟子期去世后, 他最后一次演奏
“高山流水”并故意摔了琴。
1. 【解析】probably。考查副词。句意: 中国文学史上能够被描述为最佳友谊的可能是俞伯牙和钟子期之间
的(友谊)。分析句子结构可知, 应用副词probably修饰整个句子。故填probably。
2. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 此处是定语从句, 先行词是master, 指人, 且定语从
句缺少主语, 故用关系代词who/that。故填who/that。
3. 【解析】began。考查时态。分析句子结构可知, 句中的“and”连接两个谓语动词, 且文章讲述过去的事情,
故用一般过去时态。begin的过去式形式是began。故填began。
4. 【解析】enjoying。考查现在分词作宾语补足语。根据短语“ notice sb. doing sth. ”(注意到某人正在做某
事)可知, 此处应该用enjoy的现在分词形式。故填enjoying。
5. 【解析】words。考查可数名词的数。word作“单词; 话”讲时是可数名词, 句中没有单数或特指, 所以用
复数形式。故填words。
6. 【解析】his。考查代词。music是名词, 要用形容词性物主代词修饰。故填his。
7. 【解析】so。考查固定句型。固定句型so/such. . . that. . . “如此……以至于……”, 且upset是形容词, 所
以用so。故填so。
8. 【解析】on。考查介词。句意: 当他演奏完后, 他故意把琴摔了因此他再也不能弹了。根据句意可知此处为短语on purpose“故意”。故用on。
9. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句中“phrase”特指后面提到的“high mountains and flowing water”, 所以用定冠
词the。故填the。
10. 【解析】is used。考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知, 主语phrase和use之间是被动关系, 故用被动语
态, 且由“now”判断是一般现在时, 故用一般现在时的被动语态, 主语为第三人称单数形式, 因此用is used。
故填is used。
